CN104064833A - Method for triggering short circuit in battery - Google Patents
Method for triggering short circuit in battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN104064833A CN104064833A CN201410285997.XA CN201410285997A CN104064833A CN 104064833 A CN104064833 A CN 104064833A CN 201410285997 A CN201410285997 A CN 201410285997A CN 104064833 A CN104064833 A CN 104064833A
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- battery
- internal short
- circuit
- barrier film
- heater
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for triggering a short circuit in a battery, which comprises the following steps: the battery is partially heated at a fixed point, partial membrane of the battery is melted to form a membrane gap, so that a cathode material and an anode material of the battery are directly contacted at the membrane gap, and the inner short circuit is generated. The short circuit in the battery at different position with different scales can be realized according to the requirements, and the method has key effect for the research of the short circuit in battery, and the research and development of battery design as well as safety performance assessment in performance comparison.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery technology field, be specifically related to a kind of triggering method of battery internal short-circuit.
Background technology
Under the dual-pressure of energy crisis and environmental pollution, automobile dynamic system motorized becomes the technical development main flow of future automobile gradually.Lithium ion battery, because of the advantage of its energy density and cycle life aspect, is one of the main selection in electric powered motor source.Yet the fail safe accident of lithium-ion-power cell occasionally has generation, the safety issue of lithium-ion-power cell will threaten the people's the security of the lives and property, and hinders the extensive industrialization of electric automobile.
Most safety problems of lithium-ion-power cell can be controlled or be alleviated by the exterior measures such as electrical management or temperature treatments.Current most electric automobile producer has all applied such measures to improve fail safe in the power battery module of oneself.Yet, the thermal runaway being caused by internal short-circuit is the most thorny problem being difficult to resolve in all safety problems, cause the origin cause of formation of internal short-circuit a lot, various different situations or reason may cause internal short-circuit and danger in various degree, and it can not effectively be controlled and be alleviated by the exterior measures such as existing electrical management or temperature treatments.And the safety problem of majority in the normal use procedure of battery is all relevant to internal short-circuit, not only like this in electric automobile field, at other, using the field of lithium ion batteries is also so, as digital product, aircraft etc.
At present, the discovery of internal short-circuit and prediction are still difficult points in cell safety problem.Internal short-circuit method of testing in many standards, as extruding, acupuncture, external short circuit etc., because meeting destroys the integrality of battery in test process, make battery that serious damage occur, thereby the internal short-circuit occurring with actual use procedure has basic difference, internal short-circuit state that can not vivid simulated battery.Therefore, current internal short-circuit test is just to find suitable method to trigger internal short-circuit with the main difficulty of research.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the triggering method of the battery internal short-circuit of the necessary internal short-circuit state that the vivid simulated battery of a kind of energy is provided.
A triggering method for battery internal short-circuit, comprising: to the battery localized heating of fixing a point, the part barrier film of described battery is melted, form barrier film breach, thereby the positive electrode of this battery is directly contacted in this barrier film indentation, there with negative material, internal short-circuit occurs.
The temperature (600 ℃ of left and right) of the fusing point (150 ℃ of left and right) of the barrier film adopting due to battery in prior art or distortion softening far below other materials in battery, therefore adopt the fix a point method of localized heating of battery, can realize and only make the barrier film of heating location melt and formation barrier film breach, thereby positive electrode is directly contacted with negative material, internal short-circuit occurs.The triggering mode of this battery internal short-circuit is simple, convenient, easily operation not only, and can not damage the integrality of battery, internal short-circuit state in can the actual use procedure of more vivid simulation battery, thus security performance assessment, contrast during for cell safety Study on Problems and battery design provide reliable foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the triggering method of battery internal short-circuit described in first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the triggering method of battery internal short-circuit described in first embodiment of the invention forms barrier film breach.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of deformation element described in second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b are respectively the front view before and after deformation element generation deformation described in second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is that second embodiment of the invention deformation element is arranged on the schematic diagram between negative electrode material layer and barrier film.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that the deformation element in Fig. 5 triggers positive electrode-negative material type internal short-circuit.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the deformation element in Fig. 5 triggers negative material-anode plate type internal short-circuit.
Fig. 8 is that second embodiment of the invention is arranged on the schematic diagram between negative electrode material layer and negative plates by deformation element.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that the deformation element in Fig. 8 triggers positive electrode-negative plates type internal short-circuit.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram that the deformation element in Fig. 8 triggers anode plate-negative plates type internal short-circuit.
Schematic diagram before and after the deformation element that Figure 11 a and Figure 11 b are respectively the testing apparatus of battery internal short-circuit described in third embodiment of the invention is triggered.
Main element symbol description
| Testing apparatus | 10，20 |
| Battery | 100 |
| Anode plate | 110 |
| Positive electrode material layer | 120 |
| Barrier film | 130 |
| Barrier film breach | 132 |
| Negative electrode material layer | 140 |
| Negative plates | 150 |
| Heater | 200 |
| Deformation element | 300 |
| Deformations | 310 |
| Most advanced and sophisticated | 312 |
| Support portion | 320 |
Following embodiment further illustrates the present invention in connection with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, first embodiment of the invention provides a kind of triggering method of battery internal short-circuit, comprise: in battery 100 outsides to described battery 100 localized heating of fixing a point, the part barrier film 130 of described battery 100 is melted, form barrier film breach 132, thereby the positive electrode of this battery 100 is directly contacted at these barrier film breach 132 places with negative material, internal short-circuit occurs.
Described battery 100 is Stackable batteries or coiled battery.Described battery 100 comprises anode plate 110, positive electrode material layer 120, barrier film 130, negative electrode material layer 140 and negative plates 150.Described anode plate 110, positive electrode material layer 120, barrier film 130, negative electrode material layer 140 and negative plates 150 are cascading.Described battery 100 can further comprise an encapsulating structure (not shown), and this encapsulating structure is wherein accommodating by described anode plate 110, positive electrode material layer 120, barrier film 130, negative electrode material layer 140 and negative plates 150.
Can be with heater 200 to described battery 100 localized heating of fixing a point.Preferably, this heater 200 be for exporting the device of concentrating energy, for example sharp cone distal flatiron or laser, thereby can be more effectively to battery 100 localized heating of fixing a point.To the fix a point heating direction of localized heating of described battery 100, it is the stacked direction of described battery 100 all parts.Described heater 200 can be arranged on the stacked direction of described battery 100 all parts described battery 100 localized heating of fixing a point.The encapsulating structure of described battery 100 has an outer surface (not shown), described battery 100 is defined as to heating location for directly absorbing the part outer surface of the energy of these heater 200 outputs, this heating location carries out heat transmission after absorbing the energy of this heater 200 outputs on the stacked direction of these battery 100 all parts, thereby make part barrier film 130 corresponding with this heating location on the stacked direction of this battery 100 all parts intensification of being heated, when this part barrier film temperature arrives after the fusing point of this barrier film 130, thereby there is to melt formation barrier film breach 132 in this part barrier film.
This heating location is absorbed to the heat input that the heat transmitting after the energy of described heater 200 outputs is defined as this heating location.The total heat input of the size of this barrier film breach 132 and the area of this heating location and this heating location is relevant.In one embodiment, when described battery 100 is carried out to localized heating, this heater 200 is fixed with the relative position of this battery 100, now, the size of this barrier film breach 132 is relevant with the gross energy of the area of this heating location and 200 outputs of this heater, therefore, can regulate and control the size of this barrier film breach 132 with the gross energy of this heater 200 outputs by regulating and controlling the size of this heating location area, thus the battery internal short-circuit of the different initial stage scales of realization.The initial stage scale of battery internal short-circuit is different, and expansion rate and the order of severity of battery internal short-circuit in follow-up developments process also can be different.Generally with the resistance value at internal short-circuit place, represent the scale of internal short-circuit, the resistance value at internal short-circuit place is less, and the scale of battery internal short-circuit is larger.
Preferably, the energy power output of this heater 200 is controlled, can be by controlling the power output of this heater 200 and controlling the gross energy that this heater 200 is exported the heating time of this heater 200.In the present embodiment, this heater 200 is laser, this laser not only power output is controlled, and can be by regulating the outgoing mirror group of this laser to change the focal position of this laser, thereby change, be radiated at the lip-deep spot size of battery 100, change the size of described heating location.This laser can regulate the total heat of described heating location to input by focal position, power output and the heating time of adjusting laser, thereby realizes the internal short-circuit of the different initial stage scales of battery.
Can in the plane of the stacked direction of these battery 100 all parts, choose different positions to described battery 100 localized heating of fixing a point in described battery 100 external vertical, and then form barrier film breach 132 at the diverse location of barrier film 130, thereby can trigger internal short-circuit at the diverse location of described battery 100.
When described battery 100 has laminated diaphragm 130 on all parts stacked direction, also can be by regulating the total heat of described heating location to input, on the barrier film 130 of the different numbers of plies, all form barrier film breach 132, realize the internal short-circuit that makes different number of plies barrier film 130 fusings.
Can, by controlling the heating time of described heater 200, limit the impact of described battery 100 internal heat transfer effects.In the situation that the gross energy of described heater 200 outputs is constant, can be by improving power output, reduce the mode of heating time, reduce the impact of conducting heat in described battery 100 inside on non-stacked direction, only make battery corresponding with heating location on the stacked direction of battery 100 all parts partly heat up, the integral body that prevents battery 100 heats up, and reduces the impact on battery 100 overall performances.
Further, can on the described heating location of battery 100, a layers of reinforcement be set, this reinforcing material to the transfer ratio of the absorptivity, light of light or heat or heat and pyroconductivity all higher than the outer surface of described battery 100, thereby make this heating location can absorb better and transmit the energy of described heater 200 outputs.This reinforcing material can be dark pigment such as pitch-dark grade.This reinforcing material can be also carbon nanotube layer and graphene layer.When described heater 200 is laser, this reinforcing material can be for optionally absorbing the material of the light in the wave-length coverage that this laser sends.
The triggering method of the battery internal short-circuit that first embodiment of the invention provides is simple, convenient, easily operation not only, and can not damage the integrality of battery, the internal short-circuit state in can the actual use procedure of more vivid simulated battery.The triggering method of above-mentioned battery internal short-circuit also can realize the battery internal short-circuit of diverse location, different scales as requested, and for the research in battery internal short-circuit field, and the security performance assessment in battery design research and development and performance comparison has key effect.
See also Fig. 3 to Figure 10, second embodiment of the invention provides a kind of testing apparatus 10 of battery internal short-circuit, comprise: described battery 100 and be arranged at least one deformation element 300 of described battery 100 inside, described deformation element 300 comprises at least one deformations 310, described deformations 310 has at least one most advanced and sophisticated 312, described deformation element 300 has a triggering temperature, when the temperature of this deformation element 300 is equal to or higher than this triggering temperature, described deformations 310 is to the direction generation deformation of described barrier film 130 and make described at least one most advanced and sophisticated 312 described barrier film 130 is pierced through, thereby cause described battery 100 internal short-circuits.
This deformation element 300 can further comprise at least one support portion 320, this deformations 310 is fixedly connected with this support portion 320, when the temperature of this deformation element 300 is equal to or higher than this triggering temperature, this support portion 320 there is not deformation and in described battery 100 holding position fix, thereby make this deformation element 300 keep suitable position in described battery 100, and provide support power while piercing through described barrier film 130 in deformation process for described deformations 310.
Described deformations 310 can be structure as a whole with described support portion 320, and described deformation element 300 can be one-body molded, so that this deformation element 300 of 320 pairs of this support portions plays better position fixation.When not being triggered, described deformation element 300 integral body can be flat.Described deformation element 300 can be arranged in parallel with described barrier film 130.When deformation occurs described deformations 310, can make described deformations 310 there is the direction of barrier film 130 described in a side direction of described most advanced and sophisticated 312 and carry out bending, and make described most advanced and sophisticated 312 described barrier film is pierced through, thereby cause described battery 100, internal short-circuits occur.Described deformation element 300 can be set to different shapes, as long as can play above-mentioned effect of piercing through barrier film when reaching described triggering temperature, such as this deformation element 300 being set to V font, W font, triangle or flechette-type etc.In embodiments of the present invention, described deformation element 300 is V font.
The material of described deformation element 300 will possess certain intensity, so that described most advanced and sophisticated 312 can pierce through described positive electrode or described negative material and described barrier film 130.The material of described deformation element 300 has temperature memory effect, can at described triggering temperature, make described deformations 310 that deformation occurs.In one embodiment, the material of described deformation element 300 is memorial alloy, Ultimum Ti for example, this memorial alloy has a transition temperature, can be before triggering internal short-circuit, described deformation element 300 is processed into the shape after these deformation element 300 deformation while making battery 100 that internal short-circuit occur on described transition temperature, then described deformation element 300 is processed as to the shape while not being triggered in described battery 100 inside under described transition temperature.Then be arranged on the inside of described battery 100, when the temperature of battery 100 reaches above-mentioned transition temperature, there is deformation barrier film 130 pierced through and makes this battery 100 that internal short-circuit occur in this deformation element 300, and this transition temperature is the triggering temperature of this deformation element 300.In another embodiment, this deformation element 300 is made by the different Material cladding of thermal coefficient of expansion, for example, using manganin manganin alloy as active layers, and dilval is as the thrermostatic bimetal-plate of passive layer.Use has the material of different transition temperatures, just can obtain having the different deformation elements 300 that trigger temperature, thereby make described deformation element 300 can mate better specific research or tested object, for example, can make to adjust by adjusting the content of nickel in Ultimum Ti the triggering temperature of this Ultimum Ti.
Described triggering temperature can be higher than the normal serviceability temperature of described battery 100, fusing point lower than described barrier film 130, make this deformation element 300 at the Shi Buhui that is not triggered, affect the normal use of described battery 100, and while being triggered, this barrier film 130 can melting, only by the deformation of this deformation element 300, controls described battery 100 internal short-circuits occur.Preferably, described triggering temperature is 55 ℃ to 170 ℃.The normal use of described battery 100 refers to that described battery 100 does not deliberately carry out the routine use state under heated condition in the products such as electric automobile, mobile phone digital.
The quantity of this deformation element 300 can be one, and this deformation element 300 can be arranged on diverse location in described battery 100 to realize the internal short-circuit of diverse location.The quantity of this deformation element 300 also can be a plurality of, and the plurality of deformation element 300 can be arranged on the diverse location in described battery 100, makes described battery 100 cause internal short-circuit in a plurality of positions simultaneously.
This deformation element 300 can be arranged in described positive electrode material layer 120, in described negative electrode material layer 140, between described positive electrode material layer 120 and described anode plate 110, between described positive electrode material layer 120 and described barrier film 130, between described negative electrode material layer 140 and described negative plates 150 or between described negative electrode material layer 140 and described barrier film 130.
See also Fig. 5 to Fig. 7, in embodiment 1, this deformation element 300 is arranged between described negative electrode material layer 120 and described barrier film 130.This deformation element 300 makes described deformations 310 have described in a side direction of described most advanced and sophisticated 312 direction of barrier film 130 while there is deformation crooked, thereby directly described barrier film 130 is pierced through to initiation internal short-circuit.The length of this deformations 310 is greater than the thickness of this barrier film 130, to make this deformations 310 occur described barrier film 130 to be pierced through after deformation.The length of this deformations 310 refers to the nyctitropic length of shape that this deformations 310 is prolonged this deformations 310.
Refer to Fig. 6, the length of this deformations 310 is greater than the thickness of this barrier film 130, and be less than the thickness sum of this barrier film 130 and this positive electrode material layer 120, so that described deformation element 300 only pierces through described barrier film 130 while there is deformation, thereby cause the internal short-circuit of positive electrode-negative material type.The deformations 310 of described deformation element 300 can have electrical insulating property, thereby makes 100 contact generation internal short-circuits that pierce through part positive and negative pole material by described barrier film 130 of described battery.Described deformations 310 has electrical insulating property can two kinds of situations, a kind of situation is that described deformations 310 is prepared by the material of electric insulation itself, another is, described deformations 310 is prepared by the material conducting electricity itself, on the surface of the described deformations 310 of conducting electricity, an insulation material layer is further set and makes this deformations 310 there is electrical insulating property, guarantee only to cause the internal short-circuit of described positive electrode-negative material type.Now, can regulate described barrier film 130 to pierce through the size of part by changing the size and dimension of this deformations 310, thereby cause the internal short-circuit of different initial stage scales.The deformations 310 of described deformation element 300 also can have conductivity, thereby makes the positive and negative pole material of described battery 100 be electrically connected to and be caused internal short-circuit by this deformations 310.Now can, by regulating the conductance of this deformations 310, cause the internal short-circuit of different initial stage scales.Can make the material of this deformations 310 constant, by regulating the size and dimension of this deformations 310 to regulate the conductance of this deformations 310.Can make the size and dimension of this deformations 310 constant, by regulating the material of this deformations 310 to regulate the conductance of this deformations 310.Also can make material, the size and dimension of this deformations 310 all constant, on the surface of this deformations 310, a conductive coating is further set, by regulating the conductivity of this conductive coating to regulate the conductance of this deformations 310.
Refer to Fig. 7, these deformation element 300 integral body can have conductivity.The length of this deformations 310 is equal to or greater than the thickness sum of this barrier film 130 and this positive electrode material layer 120.Described deformation element 300 pierces through described barrier film 130 and described positive electrode material layer 120 while there is deformation simultaneously, and contacts with described anode plate 110, thereby causes the internal short-circuit of negative material-anode plate type.Can be by regulating the conductance of this deformation element 300 to cause the internal short-circuit of different initial stage scales.Regulate the method for these deformation element 300 conductances to regulate the method for described deformations 310 conductances identical with embodiment 1, can be by regulating material, the size and dimension of this deformation element 300 and on described deformation element 300 surfaces, the conductance that the methods such as conductive coating regulate this deformation element 300 being set.
Described deformation element 300 can be arranged on the diverse location of plane between described negative electrode material layer 140 and described barrier film 130, causes positive electrode-negative material type of diverse location or the internal short-circuit of negative material-anode plate type.
Ground similar to the above, described deformation element 300 can be arranged between described positive electrode material layer 120 and described barrier film 130, thereby causes the internal short-circuit of positive electrode-negative material type or positive electrode-negative plates type.Described deformation element 300 can be arranged on the diverse location of plane between described positive electrode material layer 120 and described barrier film 130, causes positive electrode-negative material type of diverse location or the internal short-circuit of positive electrode-negative plates type.
See also Fig. 8 to Figure 10, in embodiment 2, described deformation element 300 can be arranged between described negative plates 150 and described negative electrode material layer 140, this deformation element 300 makes described deformations 310 have described in a side direction of described most advanced and sophisticated 312 direction of barrier film 130 while there is deformation crooked, thereby and described negative electrode material layer 140 and described barrier film 130 is pierced through simultaneously and cause internal short-circuit.The length of this deformations 310 is greater than the thickness sum of this barrier film 130 and this positive electrode material layer 120.
Refer to Fig. 9, described deformation element 300 integral body can have conductivity.The length of this deformations 310 is greater than the thickness sum of this barrier film 130 and this positive electrode material layer 120, and is less than the thickness sum of this barrier film 130, this positive electrode material layer 120 and this negative electrode material layer 140.When deformation occurs this deformation element 300, only described negative electrode material layer 140 is pierced through with described barrier film 130 simultaneously, thus the internal short-circuit of initiation positive electrode-negative plates type.
Refer to Figure 10, described deformation element 300 integral body can have conductivity.The length of this deformations 310 is equal to or greater than the thickness sum of this barrier film 130, this positive electrode material layer 120 and this negative electrode material layer 140.This deformation element 300 pierces through described negative electrode material layer 140, described barrier film 130, described positive electrode material layer 120 while there is deformation simultaneously, and contacts with described anode plate 110, thereby causes the internal short-circuit of anode plate-negative plates type.
This deformation element 300 can be arranged on the internal short-circuit of the diverse location initiation diverse location of plane between described negative plates 150 and described negative electrode material layer 140.Can be by regulating the conductivity of this deformation element 300 to cause the internal short-circuit of different initial stage scales, concrete grammar can, referring to embodiment 1, not repeat them here.
Ground similar to the above, described deformation element 300 can be arranged between described anode plate 110 and described positive electrode material layer 120, causes the internal short-circuit of anode plate-negative material type or anode plate-negative plates type.
While using this testing apparatus 100 to carry out the test of battery internal short-circuit, can use a heater (not shown) to carry out integral body to described battery 100 heats and described battery 100 integral body is heated up, thereby this deformation element 300 is heated up, thereby and make this deformation element 300 reach it to trigger temperature generation deformation and cause described battery 100 internal short-circuits.Preferably, described heater can be one or more in open firing device, microwave heating equipment, far infrared heater, laser heating device and beam heating device.
Second embodiment of the invention further provides a kind of triggering method of battery internal short-circuit, comprising:
S1, in described battery 100 inside, at least one deformation element 300 is set, described deformation element comprises at least one deformations 310, described deformations 310 has at least one most advanced and sophisticated 312, described deformation element 300 has a triggering temperature, when the temperature of this deformation element 300 is equal to or higher than this triggering temperature, this deformations 310 has the direction generation deformation of barrier film described in the side direction at this tip 312;
S2, is used described heater to carry out integral body heating to described battery 100, thereby make this deformation element 300 reach its triggering temperature generation deformation, described barrier film 130 is pierced through, thereby causes described battery 100 internal short-circuits.
The set-up mode of described deformation element 300 in described battery 100 is identical with the set-up mode of deformation element 300 described in this testing apparatus 10 in described battery 100, does not repeat them here.
The object of using described heater to carry out whole heating to described battery 100 is to make described battery 100 carry out integral body to heat up, thereby this deformation element 300 is heated up and reach it to trigger temperature.
The testing apparatus of the battery internal short-circuit that second embodiment of the invention provides and triggering method trigger described deformation element generation deformation by variations in temperature battery diaphragm are pierced through and causes battery internal short-circuit, simply, conveniently and easily operation of the method, described deformation element can not damage the integrality of described battery, the internal short-circuit state in can the actual use procedure of more vivid simulated battery.
As long as described deformation element makes described tip that described barrier film is pierced through, therefore the area of needed deformation element is very little, much smaller than the gross area of described battery diaphragm, thereby described in when described deformation element is not triggered, original performance of battery can not be affected.In one embodiment, the area of described deformation element is less than 1% of the described barrier film gross area.
The expansion rate of diverse location, different initial stage scale and dissimilar battery internal short-circuit is different with the order of severity.Can design the material of described deformation element, shape, dimensional parameters, deformation quantity and conductivity, and the setting position in battery designs to described deformation element, thereby realize diverse location, different initial stage scales and dissimilar battery internal short-circuit, this security performance assessment, contrast during for cell safety Study on Problems and battery design provides a kind of reliable, internal short-circuit triggering mode efficiently.This testing apparatus and triggering method are for the research in battery internal short-circuit field, and the security performance assessment in battery design research and development and performance comparison has key effect.
Refer to Figure 11, third embodiment of the invention provides a kind of testing apparatus 20 of battery internal short-circuit, comprise: described battery 100, described heater 200 and described at least one deformation element 300, described deformation element 300 is arranged on the inside of described battery 100, and described heater 200 is arranged on outside corresponding with described deformation element 300 position of described battery 100.
Described deformation element 100 is identical with second embodiment of the invention at the set-up mode of described battery 100 inside.
Described heater 200 is arranged on outside corresponding with described deformation element 300 position of described battery 100, object be in the position corresponding with described deformation element 300 to described battery 100 localized heating of fixing a point, thereby described deformation element is heated up reach it to trigger temperature, cause described battery 100 internal short-circuits.Fix a point mode and the first embodiment of the invention of localized heating of 200 pairs of described batteries 100 of described heater is basic identical, its difference is, the object of the present embodiment fixed point localized heating is to make described deformation element 300 reach described triggering temperature generation deformation but not part barrier film 130 is melted.
The setting position of described heater 200 can be overlapping on the stacked direction of described battery 100 all parts with the setting position of this deformation element 300 in described battery 100, only to make battery corresponding with the setting position of deformation element 300 on the stacked direction of battery 100 all parts partly heat up, and trigger described deformation element 300 deformation occur, the integral body that prevents battery 100 heats up, and reduces the impact on battery 100 overall performances.Preferably, the setting position of described heater 200 can be only overlapping on the stacked direction of described battery 100 all parts with deformations 310 position at described battery 100 when not being triggered of this deformation element 300, thereby further reduce the impact on described battery 100 overall performances.
Described testing apparatus 20 can further comprise described layers of reinforcement (not shown), this layers of reinforcement is arranged on the outer surface position corresponding with described deformation element 300 of this battery 100, this reinforcing material to the transfer ratio of the absorptivity, light of light or heat or heat and pyroconductivity all higher than the outer surface of described battery 100.
Third embodiment of the invention further provides a kind of triggering method of battery internal short-circuit, comprising:
S1, arranges described deformation element 300 in described battery 100 inside, and
S2, use described heater 200 in outside corresponding with this deformation element 300 position of described battery 100 to described battery 100 localized heating of fixing a point, the temperature of this deformation element 300 is reached or higher than described triggering temperature, thereby cause described battery 100 internal short-circuits.
In step S1, the mode that described deformation element 300 arranges in described battery 100 inside is identical with second embodiment of the invention.
In step S2, thereby using the fix a point object of localized heating of 200 pairs of described batteries 100 of described heater is the battery at described deformation element 300 places partly to be heated up this deformation element 300 is heated up, thereby make this deformation element 300 reach it, triggers temperature and cause described battery 100 internal short-circuits.
The setting position of described heater 200 can be overlapping on the stacked direction of described battery 100 all parts with the setting position of this deformation element 300 in described battery 100.Preferably, the setting position of described heater 200 is only overlapping on the stacked direction of described battery 100 all parts with deformations 310 position at described battery 100 when not being triggered of this deformation element 300.
Third embodiment of the invention provides the testing apparatus of battery internal short-circuit and the triggering method internal short-circuit state in can the actual use procedure of more vivid simulated battery, employing heats up described deformation element to the fix a point mode of localized heating of described battery, the integral body that can prevent battery heats up, and reduces the impact on cell integrated performance.Said method is simple, convenient and reliable, efficient, and the security performance assessment in the research in battery internal short-circuit field and battery design research and development and performance comparison is had to key effect.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other and change in spirit of the present invention, and certainly, the variation that these are done according to spirit of the present invention, within all should being included in the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (8)
1. the triggering method of a battery internal short-circuit, comprise: to the battery localized heating of fixing a point, the part barrier film of described battery is melted, form barrier film breach, thereby the positive electrode of this battery is directly contacted in this barrier film indentation, there with negative material, internal short-circuit occurs.
2. the triggering method of battery internal short-circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, uses heater to the described battery localized heating of fixing a point, and this heater be the device that can export concentrated energy.
3. the triggering method of battery internal short-circuit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described battery has an outer surface, described battery is defined as to heating location for directly absorbing the part outer surface of the energy of this heater output, the relative position of this heater and this battery is fixed, and controls the size of this barrier film breach by controlling the size of this heating location area and the gross energy of this heater output.
4. the triggering method of battery internal short-circuit as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the power output of described heater is controlled, by controlling the power output of this heater and controlling the gross energy that described heater is exported heating time.
5. the triggering method of battery internal short-circuit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, one layers of reinforcement is further set on described heating location, this reinforcing material to the transfer ratio of the absorptivity, light of light or heat or heat and pyroconductivity all higher than the outer surface of described battery.
6. the triggering method of the battery internal short-circuit as described in any one claim in claim 2 to 5, is characterized in that, described heater is laser.
7. the triggering method of battery internal short-circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described battery is Stackable batteries or coiled battery, to the fix a point heating direction of localized heating of described battery, is the stacked direction of described battery all parts.
8. the triggering method of battery internal short-circuit as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, in plane at described outside batteries perpendicular to the stacked direction of this battery all parts, choose different positions to the described battery localized heating of fixing a point, thereby form described barrier film breach at the diverse location of described barrier film.
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| CN201410285997.XA CN104064833A (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2014-06-24 | Method for triggering short circuit in battery |
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