CN205621795U - Chemical battery of safe type - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a chemical battery of safe type, include: short circuit splitter vane, insulating layer, electric core, wherein, short circuit splitter vane with the laminating of electricity core is connected, the connection of laminating of short circuit splitter vane the insulating layer, with this, can realize high -performance requirement through high -performance electric core, furthermore, through the setting of short circuit splitter vane with the insulating layer, make chemical battery under the condition that takes place inside short circuit, the heat can not accumulate at the short dot, but the internal resistance of the positive negative battery piece of much lower than through short circuit splitter vane itself, short circuit department that makes the electric quantity can concentrate on short circuit splitter vane is at first discharged and is generated heat, up to voltage reduction, reach behind the safe voltage, positive negative pole pole piece can not react violent reaction again, and owing to there is not the combustible substance, even short circuit splitter vane temperature sharply risees, after the chemical battery short circuit, this chemical battery's energy can obtain safe release, just can not produce safety problems such as catching fire.

Description

A safe chemical battery

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of battery protection, in particular to a safe chemical battery.

Background technique

With the development of society, the requirements for battery power are getting higher and higher. Therefore, the development of batteries to high energy is the trend of technological development, but with the increase of battery energy, it will inevitably bring more challenges to safety.

Among the various safety test indicators for chemical batteries, extrusion and acupuncture are the two most stringent indicators for chemical batteries at present, especially for high-energy chemical batteries, they are two serious challenges.

The structure of the existing technology leads to short-circuit inside the chemical battery, and the short-circuit point is mainly concentrated on the positive and negative electrode materials. The accumulation of heat at the short-circuit point will cause the subsequent heat to accumulate continuously, which will accelerate the reaction of the active materials on the positive and negative electrodes, and eventually lead to "heat". Out of control", resulting in a fire accident. Specifically, during the use of a chemical battery, if an external mechanical ground hits the inside of the battery and damages the diaphragm, foreign matter penetrates the interior of the battery and causes a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes inside the battery. The short circuit point will instantly generate a lot of heat, melting the diaphragm, and then A larger area of short circuit will generate more heat, and the temperature of the battery will rise sharply, eventually deoxidizing the active material of the positive electrode, and eventually a fire and combustion accident may occur.

At present, the safety of high-energy chemical batteries mainly focuses on the research of separators and flame-retardant electrolytes. The latest progress in the research of separators is to coat a layer of nano-ceramics on the surface of the separators, but the battery separators themselves cannot be used too thick. The inside of the battery is pierced, and the diaphragm still cannot stop the spread of the short circuit. In addition, for the research on flame-retardant electrolytes, although some organic solvents and additives that can be flame-retardant have been found, these substances will charge and discharge after being added to the chemical battery. When it is used, it will have a side reaction with the positive and negative electrode materials, resulting in a sharp deterioration in battery performance, and it cannot really be used in chemical batteries.

Therefore, a high-performance, safe and reliable chemical battery is currently waiting.

Utility model content

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model proposes a safe chemical battery, which solves the defects in the prior art and realizes the requirements of high performance, safety and reliability. For this reason, the embodiment of the utility model specifically The following examples are proposed:

The embodiment of the utility model proposes a safe chemical battery, including: a short-circuit shunt, an insulating layer, and a battery cell; wherein,

The short-circuit shunt is bonded and connected to the battery cell;

The insulating layer is fixedly pasted in the middle of the short-circuit shunt.

Preferably, the short-circuit shunt specifically includes: a positive short-circuit shunt, a negative short-circuit shunt; wherein,

The positive short-circuit shunt is connected to the positive tab of the cell;

The negative short-circuit shunt is connected to the negative tab of the cell;

The insulating layer is bonded between the positive short-circuit shunt and the negative short-circuit shunt.

Preferably, the positive short-circuit shunt is specifically: an aluminum sheet;

Preferably, the negative short-circuit shunt is specifically a copper sheet.

Preferably, the number of the short-circuit shunts is one or more pairs.

Preferably, the size of the short-circuit shunt is smaller than or equal to the size of the positive pole piece or the size of the negative pole piece in the battery cell.

Preferably, the thickness of the short-circuit shunt is: 0.007mm-0.100mm.

Preferably, the short-circuit shunt is specifically fixedly attached to the outer side of the battery cell.

Preferably, the short-circuit shunt is fixedly attached to the inner layer of the battery cell.

Preferably, the insulating layer is specifically: an insulating flame-retardant layer.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model proposes a safe chemical battery, including: a short-circuit shunt, an insulating layer, and a battery cell; wherein, the short-circuit shunt is attached and connected to the battery cell; The short-circuit shunt is bonded and connected to the insulating layer; thus, the high-performance requirements can be achieved through a high-performance battery cell; in addition, through the setting of the short-circuit shunt and the insulating layer, the inside of the chemical battery is pierced to cause In the case of internal short circuit, the heat will not accumulate at the short circuit point, but the internal resistance of the short circuit shunt itself is much smaller than that of the positive and negative cells, so that the power will be concentrated at the short circuit of the short circuit shunt and first discharge and generate heat until the voltage After reaching the safe voltage, the positive and negative pole pieces will no longer react violently, and because there is no combustible material, even if the temperature of the short-circuit shunt rises sharply, the energy of the chemical battery can be safely released after the chemical battery is short-circuited , There will be no safety issues such as fire and combustion.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of safe chemical battery that the utility model embodiment proposes;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a safe chemical battery cell proposed in the prior art;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a safe chemical battery proposed by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a safe chemical battery proposed by the embodiment of the present invention.

illustration

1: Short circuit shunt

2: Insulation layer

3: Cell

301: Diaphragm

302: Positive pole

303: negative pole

304: Positive current collector

3041: Positive tab

305: Negative electrode collector

3051: Negative tab

306: Positive total tab

307: Negative total tab

detailed description

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model proposes a safe chemical battery, which overcomes the defects in the prior art and realizes the requirement of high performance through a high-performance cell; The setting of the layer makes the inside of the chemical battery be pierced to cause an internal short circuit, the heat will not accumulate at the short circuit point, but the internal resistance of the short circuit shunt itself is much smaller than that of the positive and negative cells, so that the power will be concentrated At the short-circuit point of the short-circuit shunt, it first discharges and generates heat until the voltage drops. After reaching the safe voltage, the positive and negative poles will no longer react violently, and because there is no combustible material, even if the temperature of the short-circuit shunt rises sharply, it will not be used in chemical batteries. After the short circuit, the energy of the chemical battery can be released safely, and there will be no safety problems such as fire and combustion. Specifically, the utility model embodiment proposes the following specific embodiments:

Example 1

Embodiment 1 of the utility model proposes a safe chemical battery, as shown in Figure 1, comprising: a short-circuit shunt 1, an insulating layer 2, and an electric core 3; wherein,

The short-circuit shunt 1 is attached and connected to the battery cell 3;

The insulating layer 2 is fixedly pasted in the middle of the short-circuit shunt 1 .

Specifically, the structure of the battery cell 3 is shown in FIG. 2 , including a separator 301, a positive electrode 302, a negative electrode 303, a positive electrode current collector 304, a negative electrode current collector 305, a positive electrode total tab 306, a negative electrode total tab 307, and a negative pole tab. 3051. Positive pole tab 3041; wherein, in the present utility model, the current collector includes a pole tab, so the positive pole current collector 304 includes a positive pole tab 3041, and the negative pole current collector 305 includes a negative pole tab 3051.

The specific cell 3 may have the same structure as the cell of the chemical battery in the prior art. In order to achieve high energy, a cell with high energy may be selected.

In a specific embodiment, for example, a lithium-ion battery is used as an example for illustration:

Lithium-ion battery cells are mainly assembled from positive electrodes, separators and negative electrodes. Currently, there are two main assembly methods:

One is the winding type, which is to form a battery cell by winding the positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet;

The other is the laminated type, which is formed by stacking a number of positive plates, separators, and negative plates in sequence.

In this way, through the bonding connection between the short-circuit shunt 1 and the cell 3 and the bonding connection with the insulating layer 2, when the chemical battery works normally, the insulating layer 2 plays a role, and the chemical battery works normally; When it is pierced, resulting in a short circuit in the transmission, because the insulating layer 2 will be pierced, the short-circuit shunt will play a role, so that the electricity will be concentrated in the short-circuit of the short-circuit shunt and discharge and generate heat until the voltage drops and reaches a safe voltage. The pole piece will no longer react violently, and because there is no combustible material, even if the temperature of the short-circuit shunt rises sharply, after the chemical battery is short-circuited, the energy of the chemical battery can be released safely, and there will be no safety hazards such as fire and combustion. question.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the short-circuit shunt 1 specifically includes: a positive short-circuit shunt 11 and a negative short-circuit shunt 12; wherein,

The positive short-circuit shunt 11 is connected to the positive tab 3041 of the cell;

The negative short-circuit shunt 12 is connected to the negative tab 3051 of the cell;

The insulating layer 2 is bonded between the positive short-circuit shunt 11 and the negative short-circuit shunt 12 .

Specifically, the short-circuit shunts 1 appear in pairs. Specifically, a pair of short-circuit shunts includes a positive short-circuit shunt 11 and a negative short-circuit shunt 12, wherein the positive short-circuit shunt 11 is connected to the electrical The positive pole tab 3041 of the core, and the negative short-circuit shunt 12 is connected to the negative pole tab 3051 of the cell, and the insulating layer 2 is bonded between the positive short-circuit shunt 11 and the negative short-circuit shunt 12, Thus, when the chemical battery is working normally, the positive short-circuit shunt 11 and the negative short-circuit shunt 12 will not have any reaction, and when the chemical battery is pierced by a puncture event, a short circuit occurs inside the chemical battery, The insulating layer 2 is pierced, resulting in a short circuit between the positive short-circuit shunt 11 and the negative short-circuit shunt 12, because the internal resistance of the positive short-circuit shunt 11 and the negative short-circuit shunt 12 is much smaller than that of the positive and negative stages , so the electricity is concentrated at the short-circuit of the short-circuit shunt to discharge and generate heat until the voltage drops, so that the energy of the chemical battery can be released in a safe manner, ensuring the safety of the chemical battery, and will not cause safety accidents such as fire and combustion.

In a specific embodiment, the positive short-circuit shunt 11 is specifically an aluminum sheet; the negative short-circuit shunt 12 is specifically a copper sheet.

The specific short-circuit shunt 1 can be a film material with strong conductivity, for example, a thin metal layer can be selected as the short-circuit shunt, and specifically, the same material as the positive and negative current collectors can be selected, that is, an aluminum sheet can be selected as the positive electrode. short-circuit shunt 11, and choose copper as the negative short-circuit shunt 12; specifically, the conductivity of these two metals is good, and the texture of aluminum and copper is relatively soft, which is good for bonding and easy to process, and is relatively It is relatively cheap, and in addition, a protective oxide film can be formed on the surface of both metals.

Specifically, the oxide layer on the surface of copper is a semiconductor, and electrons can conduct, but if the oxide layer is too thick, it will make the impedance larger; while the oxide layer on the surface of aluminum is aluminum oxide, which is an insulator, so its oxide layer cannot conduct electricity, but If the oxide layer on the surface of aluminum is very thin, electronic conduction can be realized through the tunnel effect; if the oxide layer on the surface of aluminum is thicker, the conductivity of aluminum will be poor, and even insulated, so it is generally best to use it through Surface cleaning, first to clean the oil, and second, it can also remove the thick oxide layer.

In addition, the potential of the positive electrode is high, and the aluminum oxide layer is very dense, which can effectively prevent further oxidation; correspondingly, the copper oxide layer is relatively loose. In order to prevent the oxidation of copper, it is better to set it at a low potential. At the same time, considering that lithium-ion batteries are widely used in chemical batteries, it is difficult for lithium and copper to undergo lithium intercalation reactions at low potentials, but if the surface of copper is oxidized in large quantities, lithium will interact with copper oxide at low potentials. Lithium intercalation reaction occurs, so on the whole, copper is not suitable for high potential environment, so it can be set as a negative short-circuit shunt, connected to the negative tab 3051; and aluminum will undergo alloying reaction with lithium at low potential, Therefore, it cannot be used for the negative electrode, and therefore, aluminum can be set as a positive short-circuit shunt to connect to the positive tab 3041 .

In a specific embodiment, the number of the short-circuit shunts 1 is one or more pairs.

Specifically, the number of short-circuit shunts 1 can be determined according to the energy of the chemical battery, and the specific number is directly proportional to the capacity of the chemical battery, so no matter how high the energy of the chemical battery is, as long as an appropriate number of short-circuit shunts is added , it must be possible to control the safety performance of the chemical battery after a short circuit within a controllable range.

In a specific embodiment, the size of the short-circuit shunt 1 is smaller than or equal to the size of the positive pole piece or the negative pole piece in the battery cell.

In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the short-circuit shunt is: 0.007mm-0.100mm.

Specifically, the thickness of the short-circuit shunt 1 is only 0.007mm-0.100mm, that is, it is in the form of a thin film. Although it will increase some weight, the actual increased weight can be controlled within a certain range, and will not increase the chemical battery greatly. load.

In a specific embodiment, the short-circuit shunt 1 is specifically fixedly attached to the outside of the battery cell.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, the short-circuit shunt 1 can be fixedly attached to the outside of the battery cell,

In a specific embodiment, the short-circuit shunt 1 is fixedly attached to the inner layer of the battery cell.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 , the short-circuit shunt 1 can be fixedly attached to the inner layer of the battery cell.

In a specific embodiment, the insulating layer 2 is specifically: an insulating flame-retardant layer.

Specifically, the insulating layer 2 can be nylon, non-woven fabric, silica gel, various engineering plastics, or the diaphragm material in the battery core, or can be insulating materials such as EVA, PA, PET, PVC, PU, EPDM, TPV, etc. Flame retardant material.

Specifically, the insulating layer 2 plays the role of isolating a pair of short-circuit shunts when the chemical battery is working normally, so that the positive short-circuit shunt and the negative short-circuit shunt are separated without direct contact; Similar to the situation of being punctured, the insulating layer 2 will also be punctured, so its insulating effect will disappear. At the punctured place, the positive short-circuit shunt and the negative short-circuit shunt will be in direct contact, while the positive short-circuit shunt The positive pole tab is connected to the negative pole tab, and the negative pole tab is connected to the negative pole short-circuit shunt piece. As can be seen from Figure 3 or Figure 4, such a positive short-circuit shunt piece and a negative pole short-circuit shunt piece will be short-circuited at the punctured place (of course, the electric current The other positive and negative pole pieces in the core will also be short-circuited when they are pierced).

But specifically, since the active materials on the positive and negative electrode sheets are generally metal oxides and carbon material particles, and the positive and negative short-circuit shunt sheets are specifically metal sheets, the contact internal resistance (that is, resistance) of the positive and negative electrode sheets ) is far greater than the contact internal resistance of the positive and negative short-circuit shunts, thus, the positive and negative short-circuit shunts can concentrate the power transfer at the short-circuit of the positive and negative short-circuit shunts (originally, the power will be concentrated on the positive and negative The short circuit on the pole sheet), and discharge heat at the short circuit of the positive and negative short circuit shunts, but because the insulating layer 2 is specifically an insulating flame retardant layer, it can be insulated on the one hand, and flame retardant on the other, so even if there is There is a lot of heat generation. Due to the existence of the insulating layer 2 at the short circuit of the positive and negative short circuit shunts, there will be no fire and combustion phenomenon. With the gradual consumption of electricity, the chemical battery will gradually become safer.

In the specific battery production process, the positive and negative short-circuit shunts can be added inside the battery first, and then the battery is normally put into the shell and packaged, which will not affect the appearance of the battery, which is very practical and easy to implement.

In addition, the positive and negative short-circuit shunts can determine the number of parallel layers and the parallel position according to the effect, which is very suitable for designing according to different battery energies.

The size of the positive and negative short-circuit shunts can also be set according to which side and how much area of the finished battery is most likely to be mechanically damaged, so as to save costs.

The above is based on the description of the battery cell with a stacked structure, and there are two different methods corresponding to the aforementioned battery cell 3. If it is a battery with a wound structure cell, the short-circuit shunt 1 can be connected in parallel to the winding On the outside of a good battery, or the original thicker winding battery can be divided into several thinner winding batteries, and then a short-circuit shunt is connected in parallel between several batteries.

From the above, it can be known that the utility model adds one or more layers of short-circuit shunts to the battery system. When the inside of the chemical battery is pierced and an internal short circuit occurs, the heat will not accumulate at the short-circuit point, but will pass through the short-circuit. The shunt is used to transfer the energy during the short circuit, and the energy originally gathered at the short-circuit point of the positive and negative electrodes is transferred to the short-circuit point on the short-circuit shunt, thereby avoiding safety problems such as fire and combustion. In addition, the short-circuit shunt is only used as a physical component , does not participate in the internal chemical reaction of the battery, and does not affect the electrochemical performance of the battery, making it very reliable.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the utility model proposes a safe chemical battery, which includes: a short-circuit shunt, an insulating layer, and an electric core; wherein, the short-circuit shunt and the electric core Adhesive connection; the short-circuit shunt is attached and connected to the insulating layer, so as to achieve high-performance requirements through high-performance batteries; in addition, through the setting of the short-circuit shunt and the insulating layer, the inside of the chemical battery is pierced, resulting in In the case of an internal short circuit, the heat will not accumulate at the short circuit point, but the internal resistance of the short circuit shunt itself is much smaller than the internal resistance of the positive and negative cells, so that the power will be concentrated at the short circuit of the short circuit shunt and first discharge and generate heat until After the voltage drops and reaches the safe voltage, the positive and negative pole pieces will no longer react violently, and because there is no combustible material, even if the temperature of the short-circuit shunt rises sharply, the energy of the chemical battery can be safely released after the chemical battery is short-circuited. Release, there will be no safety issues such as fire and combustion.

Those skilled in the art can understand that the accompanying drawing is only a schematic diagram of a preferred implementation scene, and the modules or processes in the accompanying drawing are not necessarily necessary for implementing the utility model.

Those skilled in the art can understand that the modules in the devices in the implementation scenario can be distributed among the devices in the implementation scenario according to the description of the implementation scenario, or can be located in one or more devices different from the implementation scenario according to corresponding changes. The modules of the above implementation scenarios can be combined into one module, or can be further split into multiple sub-modules.

The serial numbers of the above-mentioned utility model are only for description, and do not represent the pros and cons of the implementation scenarios.

The above disclosures are only a few specific implementation scenarios of the present utility model, but the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any changes conceivable by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A safety-type chemical battery, comprising: a short-circuit shunt plate, an insulating layer and a battery cell; wherein,

the short-circuit shunt piece is connected with the battery cell in a fitting manner;

the insulating layer is fixedly attached to the middle of the short-circuit shunt piece.

2. The chemical battery of claim 1, wherein the short shunt piece specifically comprises: the anode short-circuit shunt plate and the cathode short-circuit shunt plate are arranged on the anode and cathode; wherein,

the positive short-circuit shunt piece is connected with a positive electrode lug of the battery cell;

the negative short-circuit shunt piece is connected with a negative electrode lug of the battery cell;

the positive short-circuit shunt piece and the negative short-circuit shunt piece are attached and connected with the insulating layer.

3. The chemical battery according to claim 2, wherein the positive short-circuit shunt piece is specifically: aluminum sheet.

4. The chemical battery according to claim 2, wherein the negative short-circuit shunt piece is specifically: a copper sheet.

5. The chemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the short-circuit current-dividing tabs is one or more pairs.

6. The chemical battery of claim 1, wherein the size of the short shunt piece is less than or equal to the size of a positive pole piece or the size of a negative pole piece in the cell.

7. The chemical cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the short shunt tab has a thickness of: 0.007 mm-0.100 mm.

8. The chemical battery of claim 1, wherein the short-circuit shunt piece is fixedly attached to the outer side of the cell.

9. The chemical battery of claim 1, wherein the short shunt piece is fixedly attached to an inner layer of the cell.

10. The chemical battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating layer is in particular: an insulating flame retardant layer.