CN104058506B - 一种淡水池塘养殖水处理方法及多功能复合生态沟渠 - Google Patents
一种淡水池塘养殖水处理方法及多功能复合生态沟渠 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104058506B CN104058506B CN201410298723.4A CN201410298723A CN104058506B CN 104058506 B CN104058506 B CN 104058506B CN 201410298723 A CN201410298723 A CN 201410298723A CN 104058506 B CN104058506 B CN 104058506B
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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- 230000000813 microbial Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group 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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
本发明涉及一种淡水池塘养殖污水的处理方法，在养殖污水的排水渠道内，把所述排水渠道总渠分隔成多条过水渠道，分别构建数种不同净化类型生态沟渠。如构建4种渠道，在生态渠道I内种植大型挺水植物；生态渠道II内放养滤食性鱼类和贝类；生态渠道III内放置生物浮床；生态渠道IV内放置立体弹性填料；每条生态渠道都设有分流过水口，可根据水质情况选择针对性的单条或多条生态渠道进行排水。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明设及一种淡水池塘养殖污水的净化方法，和基于该方法的生多功能复合生 态沟渠，属于水产养殖技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 中国是世界上最大的水产养殖大国。池塘养殖是我国水产养殖的主要方式，据 2012年渔业统计年鉴显示，2011年我国有池塘养殖面积2566. 86千公顷，占淡水养殖总面 积的43. 45%，占全国水产养殖面积的31. 74%;池塘养殖产量1866. 42万吨，占淡水产品产 量的70. 58%，占全国水产品总产量的43. 52%。池塘养殖模式已成为渔业发展中不可或缺 的力量。但池塘养殖中存在的一些问题也越来越突出，尤其是水资源大量浪费与对水域环 境污染问题。
[0003] 随着水产养殖业的迅速发展，盲目扩大规模和投入的负面效应日益严重。为了增 加水产品的产量，向养殖水体大量投放人工巧料，造成了严重的水体污染，水产养殖自身的 污染与水域环境的矛盾也日益突出。养殖环境不断恶化，养殖生物病害频繁发生。水环境 污染不仅制约了我国水产养殖业的健康发展，也对养殖区及其邮邻水域的生态环境产生了 重要影响。据权威部口检测表明，我国河流、湖泊的80%均遭受到不同程度的污染，对于历 年来严重干旱的北方地区，没有遭受污染的河流、湖泊几乎没有。目前我国淡水养殖用水 多数来自大大小小的河流、湖泊。淡水养殖池塘、水库、河流由于养殖条件的需要，水中剩 余的氮、憐、有机物有一定的积累。面对渔业生态环境不断恶化的严峻形势，除了环保等部 口要加大执法力度，减少各种陆源污染外，海洋与渔业部口应首先采取各种有效措施，最大 限度地减少对水产养殖本身造成的污染。
[0004] 我国水产养殖场、育苗场的污水基本上是不经处理直接排放的，加之很多地方的 养殖场数量多、距离近，场与场之间的进水口、排水口往往近在爬尺，根本不能保证生活、生 产用水的质量；同时，传统水产养殖主要依靠大量换水来进行水质调控，对水资源消耗颇 大。沟渠是农业排水的汇聚地，也是在流入江河湖泊的必经之所，无论农田还是养殖池塘都 有相对应的排水沟渠。把排水沟渠构建成具有自身独特结构并发挥相应生态功能的沟渠系 统，即为生态沟渠。近年来，对水产养殖水质的调控已成为业内关注的焦点问题之一。目前 使用的水质修复技术可W分为Ξ类：物理方法、化学方法和生物方法。其中的生物方法W 成本低、无次生污染而受到欢迎。生物方法包括人工湿地、生物浮阀、生态沟渠、微生物制剂 等。鉴于我国养殖场多修建于上世纪八、九十年代，没有预留关键人工湿地的场地，因此将 现有排灌沟渠改造为具有水质净化作用的生态沟渠是一种操作性较强的水质修复技术。 阳〇化]目前对排水沟渠生态化构建所采用的均是单一型的模式，较常见的例如水生植物 操纵模式、水生动物操纵模式、生物（态）浮床技术、生物填料技术等。不同模式、技术所构 建的生态沟渠，其水质调控的特点是不一样的，如生物填料相对去除COD的效果较好，生物 浮床相对对截留氮、憐效果较好些，水生植物操纵模式相对调控各类指标较平均。在养殖池 塘中，不同养殖品种、不同养殖阶段及其它不同养殖条件下，所排放污水中的各项指标浓度 是不一样的。本发明针对上述情况的不足，复合了多种生态技术、模式构建了一种多功能的 生态沟渠，补充了针对淡水养殖池塘排水沟渠的生态构建技术，为解决池塘排放水污染W 及为池塘生态工程技术在传统池塘养殖设施升级改造中推广应用提供了技术支持。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明旨在提供一种处理淡水池塘养殖水的方法，W及基于该方法的多功能复合 生态沟渠。
[0007] 本发明的目的是针对现有技术中的不足，发明应用于标准化水产养殖池塘附属污 水排放渠道中的一种净化水质的多功能复合构建技术。提供一种多功能复合生态沟渠，可 W针对不同类型的养殖废水进行处理。
[0008] 技术方案为，一种淡水池塘养殖污水的处理方法，用多功能复合生态沟渠进行处 理：
[0009] 所述的多功能复合生态沟渠包括总渠，总渠的两端分别为进水口和出水口；其特 征在于，沿总渠内的水流方向设置垂直于渠底的Ξ条分隔墙，将总渠分隔为沿水流方向一 致的4条生态渠道；每个生态渠道内分别按W下方案设置：
[0010] (1)生态渠道I:种植大型挺水植物；
[0011] (2)生态渠道II:放养滤食性鱼类和贝类；
[0012] (3)生态渠道III:放置生物浮床，所述生物浮床上种植高生物量的本地优势水生 植物；
[0013] (4)生态渠道IV:放置立体弹性填料；
[0014] 每条生态渠道在进水口位置分别设有闽Π，各闽口可W同时开启或关闭，也可W 分别开启或关闭；每条生态渠道的出口汇入总渠的出水口；
[0015] 处理方法为，开启生态渠道I~IV中至少一个闽Π，处理后的养殖污水从出水口 排出。
[0016] 闽口的过水宽度为所在生态渠道宽度的75 %~100%，材料为碳钢板。
[0017] 优选的，需要降低水体氮类有机物时，至少开启生物渠道III或至少开启生物渠 道I和III进行排放；
[0018] 需要去除藻类时，至少开启生物渠道II或至少开启生物渠道II和IV进行排放；
[0019] 需要去除水体中药物时，至少开启生物渠道IV或至少开启生物渠道I和IV进行 排放。
[0020] 基于上述处理方法的多功能复合生态沟渠，包括总渠，总渠的两端分别为进水口 和出水口；沿总渠内的水流方向设置垂直于渠底的Ξ条分隔墙，将总渠分隔为沿水流方向 一致的4条生态渠道；每个生态渠道内分别按W下方案设置：
[0021] (1)生态渠道I:种植大型挺水植物； 阳0巧 似生态渠道II:放养滤食性鱼类和贝类；
[0023] (3)生态渠道III:放置生物浮床，所述生物浮床上种植高生物量的本地优势水生 植物；
[0024] (4)生态渠道IV:放置立体弹性填料；
[00巧]每条生态渠道在进水口位置分别设有闽Π，各闽口可W同时开启或关闭，也可W 分别开启或关闭；每条生态渠道的出口汇入总渠的出水口。闽口的过水宽度优选为所在生 态渠道宽度的75%~100%，闽口的材料可选用碳钢板。 阳0%] 所述挺水植物种植密度为1~2株/平方米水面，优选为1. 5株/平方米水面。优 选的，挺水植物选用美人蕉或再力花。
[0027] 所述滤食性鱼的密度为0. 5~1. 5尾/立方米水体，不超过1. 5尾/立方米水体， 鱼体规格为500g(±lOOg);贝类的放养密度为0. 5~化g/平方米水面，优选为0. 6-0. 8kg/ 平方米水面。优选的，所述滤食性鱼选自館錦鱼，所述的贝类为螺狮和河蛛中的至少一种。 W28] 所述生物浮床为呈矩形体结构的平面浮床，宽度为所在生态渠道宽度的 90%-100%。优选的，可W用直径50-100mm的UPVC管构建材料。各个生物浮床之间串联 起来，其长宽比为1 :1~3:1。在所述生物浮床上种植高生物量的本地优势水生植物（要 种满整个浮床，让阳光照不进水中，形成厌氧环境），例如水雍菜。
[0029] 所述立体弹性填料材料可选用聚締控类和聚酷胺；立体弹性填料固定或悬吊在不 诱钢框架上，沉入水中。立体弹性填料总体积占水体积的10% -15%。
[0030] 运种多功能复合生态沟渠可W通过改造传统排水渠道来构建。在淡水池塘养殖污 水的排水渠道内，沿排水渠道的水流方向，用分隔墙把排水渠道分隔成4条生态渠道；在每 个生态渠道内按W下方案之一设置：
[0031] (1)种植大型挺水植物；或， 阳〇巧 似放养滤食性鱼类和贝类；或， 阳〇3引 做放置生物浮床；或，
[0034] (4)放置立体弹性填料。
[0035] 在每条生态渠道进水口的位置分别设闽Π，闽口的材料为碳钢板，闽口的过水宽 度优选为所在生态渠道宽度的75 %~100%。
[0036] 池塘换水时，可开启其中一个或几个生态渠道的闽口，将淡水池塘的养殖水排入 一个或几个生态渠道加W处理。对池塘补充新水时，如水源的水质不理想，也可W通过生态 渠道进行预处理后再加注入池塘。
[0037] 本发明的工作原理：在不同养殖季节、不同养殖品种及其它不同养殖环境下，根据 养殖池塘废水中不同水质指标的变化情况，在排水沟渠内选择具有针对性的一条或多条生 态渠道，开启分流过水口进行排放。例如：一般情况下需要换水，使用种植大型挺水植物的 生态渠道进行排放；当藻类爆发，需要清除藻类时，使用放养滤食性鱼类和贝类的生态渠道 进行排放；水体氮类有机物较高时，使用放置生物浮床的生态渠道进行排放W降低氮含量； 使用完渔药、生物制剂等，则需要换水时使用放置立体弹性填料的生态渠道进行排放。也可 组合应用，如COD较高时，可同时开启放置生物浮床和放置立体弹性填料的生态渠道进行 排放。需要大排大放，也可打开全部分流过水口（4种生态构建模式对养殖污水不同水质指 标均有调控效果，采用不同模式针对某些指标效果会更明显）。
[0038] 试验结果表明：把排水渠道的进水口（池塘废水排放出口）和出水口设置为采 样点，每间隔20d进行一次水质检测和采样分析，同时选择一条相邻的传统排水沟渠作为 对照（其所相对应池塘的养殖品种、密度、使用的养殖设施等状况与试验池塘基本一致）。 通过一个养殖周期的对比，使用多功能复合生态沟渠的池塘养殖：排水量平均减少率为 63. 6 % (即排放的污水经过过滤后有将近2/3的水可循环利用），其它各项主要污染排放的 平均减少率均在80%W上。
[0039] 本发明的有益效果在于：
[0040] (1)利用现有排水沟渠改造为生态沟渠，无需额外投资构建一套水处理系统，大小 减少了环保投入成本。
[OOW 似避免养殖废水直接排放，提高了养殖场附近生活，生产用水的质量。
[00创 做使得养殖废水能够回收利用，大大节约了水资源。
附图说明
[0043] 图1是本发明多功能复合生态沟渠的俯视示意图。
[0044] 图2是多功能复合生态沟渠在A方向上的向视图。
[0045] 图3是多功能复合生态沟渠在B-B方向上的截面图。
[0046] 1-总渠，103-分隔墙，105-出水口，106-进水口，108-池塘排水管，201-生态 渠道1,202-生态渠道11,203-生态渠道111,204-生态渠道IV，401-闽口 1,402-闽口 II，403-闽口III，404-闽口IV，501-大型挺水植物，502-滤食性鱼类和贝类，503-生 物浮床，504-立体弹性填料
具体实施方式
[0047] 下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。 W48] 图1所示，排水渠道包括总渠1，总渠的两端分别为进水口 106和出口端105,进水 口 106与池塘排水管108或池塘排水口连通；沿着总渠内的水流方向在设置垂直于渠底的 Ξ条分隔墙103,把总渠分隔成沿水流方向一致的4种不同净化类型的生态渠道I~IV。
[0049] 如图2所示，生态渠道1201靠近进水口 106的一端配有闽口 1401。同样的，在生 态渠道11202、生态渠道111203、生态渠道IV204靠近进水口的一侧端分别配有闽口 11402、 闽口III403 和闽口IV404。
[0050] 各闽口可W同时开启或关闭，也可W分别开启或关闭；每条生态渠道的出口汇入 总渠的出水口。各闽口的材料选用碳钢板。在可防水防诱材料中，采用碳钢板制作微型水 闽口（人工开关闽口）综合性价比较高。
[0051] 每个闽口的过水的宽度为生态渠道宽度的75%~100%。
[0052] 如图1和图3所示，生态渠道1201内种植本地种群优势的大型挺水植物501，例 如美人蕉或再力花，种植密度为1. 5株/平方水面。选用美人蕉、再力花，其它相比芦韦、水 葱、尊尾、蒲草等更具观赏价值，且其生长旺盛期正好与淡水鱼养殖高峰期的时节相对应。
[0053] 生态渠道II202内放养滤食性鱼类和贝类502。滤食性鱼类可选用館錦鱼，鱼体规 格为500g±lOOg，密度不超过1. 5尾/立方水体，一般在1尾/立方水体；贝类的放养密度 为0. 6-0. 8kg/平方水面，可选用螺狮和河蛛中的至少一种。在淡水养殖场的生产链中，館 錦鱼作为套养鱼用量不多，一般都会有剩余鱼种浪费；养殖池塘每年清塘也会有一定量的 螺狮、河蛛。运些放入排水沟渠作为生态构建的手段正好废物利用。
[0054] 生态渠道III203内放置生物浮床503,生物浮床呈矩形体结构，包括浮床框架W 及在浮床框架中设置的编织网。浮床框架的管件为050~7n毫米的PVC管，浮床框架中设 置编织网，网孔尺寸为1.5至2.0厘米。每个生物浮床宽度为渠道宽度的90% -100%，其 长宽比为3:1，各生物浮床之间串联起来。生物浮床上种植高生物量的本地优势水生植物， 如水雍菜。水雍菜的种满整个浮床，让阳光照不进水中，形成厌氧环境。理论上各生物浮床 的总长度应与沟渠长度一致，但因实际操作性制约（放进拿出、布置构建等）只能做成多个 浮床后再串联起来，根据所用材料决定浮床最大长度只能到宽度的3倍（长度太大时，放置 浮床的时候材料容易断裂）；宽度基本与渠道宽度一样，因为运种模式需要让植物长满整 个水面（即不透光），下面过水时才能形成厌氧环境来调控水中含氮有机物；植物选择水雍 菜，一是由于相对其它植物其经济价值高，二是水雍菜的生长周期和池塘所养殖的淡水鱼 基本一致。 阳化5] 生态渠道IV204内放置立体弹性填料。将立体弹性填料固定或悬吊在不诱钢框架 上，沉入水中。立体弹性填料总体积为生态渠道IV容积的10%-15%。主要是根据环境特 点和构建可操作性，选用立体弹性填料，比较适合构建环境。
[0056] 本发明构建了一种多功能复合生态沟渠，可W针对不同类型的养殖废水，净化水 质，应用于标准化水产养殖池塘附属污水排放。
[0057]例如：一般情况下需要换水，使用生态渠道I进行排放；当藻类爆发时，使用生态 渠道II进行排放；水体氮类有机物较高时，使用生态渠道IV进行排放；使用完渔药或生物 制剂等药物之后，需要换水时则使用生态渠道IV进行排放。也可组合应用，如COD较高时， 可同时开启生态渠道ΠΙ和生态渠道IV进行排放。需要大排大放，也可打开全部分闽口（4 种生态构建模式对养殖污水不同水质指标均有调控效果，采用不同模式（不同生态渠道过 水）针对某些指标效果会更明显。
[0058]W宽度为4米、深度Im的排水渠道为例，按W上方法将总渠分隔为4个生态渠道， 生态渠道I~IV的宽度为Im，每个生态渠道的分流过水口宽度为80~85cm。从池塘中排 放的水经过排水渠道的处理，再进行过滤。
[0059] 试验结果1表明：把排水渠道的进水口（池塘废水排放出口）和出水口设置为采 样点，每间隔20d进行一次水质检测和采样分析（平均流速为0.2m/s，污水流量为1500m3/ d)，同时选择一条相邻的传统排水沟渠（没有任何人为的调控处理手段，纯粹根据其自净 化能力）作为对照（其所相对应池塘的养殖品种、密度、使用的养殖设施等状况与试验池塘 基本一致）。通过一个养殖周期（240天）的对比，使用多功能复合生态沟渠的池塘养殖： 可减少养殖用水60%W上（即排放的污水经过过滤后有将近2/3的水可循环利用），其它 各项主要污染排放减少80%W上（表1)。
[0060] 表1试验池塘养殖和传统池塘养殖用水与污染排放比较
[0061]
[0062]注：总氮排放（单位产量的总氮排放量）=排放水体中总氮含量X单位产品排水 量；总憐排放与COD排放计算方法同总氮排放。排水量W养每千克鱼所需用水的立方米数 计。
[0063] 试验结果2表明：在试验1中，同时对4种生态渠道的出口（即各生态渠道处理完 后的水在流出各渠道与其它水混合之前）设置采样点进行水质监测。试验结果与试验结果 1进行对比，使用单一生态渠道处理养殖废水的综合效果不如复合生态沟渠的理想（表2)。
[0064] 表2不同生态渠道用水与污染排放情况 阳0化]
[0066] 具体应用实例说明：养殖场一般在春节前后（即每年1月下旬之2月中旬）放苗 种，如果池塘在上一年没有干塘清渺，放苗前换水使用生态渠道II;放苗后要使用一些消 毒类渔药，到水溫升至18°c前基本不需投喂饲料，此期间水质主要污染是药残，换水时使用 生态渠道IV;到5月份开始渐渐进入养殖高峰期，且生态渠道I和生态渠道II内的植物也 开始进入生长爆发期，需要换水时，一般使用生态渠道I;如近期饲料投喂量较大，会造成 含氮类有机污染物相对偏高较多，则使用生态渠道III，如换水量较大时也可同时使用生态 渠道I和III;到夏秋时节会有藻类爆发，换水时使用生态渠道II，换水量较大或藻类密度 较高时也可同时使用生态渠道IV;养殖期间需要周期性使用渔药，换水时可使用生态渠道 I或生态渠道IV;进入秋末冬初后需要清塘捕鱼，此时换水时排放量会达到最高，可W根据 排水量来选择使用1条生态渠道到4条生态渠道全开。一般来说，4种生态构建模式对养殖 污水不同水质指标均有调控效果，只是采用不同模式针对某些指标效果会更明显，效率更 高而已，在平时使用中如有特殊情况需要大排大放，根据使用换水量大小来开启1条至全 部4条渠道。但从要求循环利用角度讲，使用生态渠道I最适合，而使用生态渠道III过滤 后的水溶解氧含量很低，不合适再循环利用。
[0067] 试验结果表明：在养殖废水的排水渠道构建成本发明的多功能复合生态沟渠来 进行养殖排放污水处理，有明显效果。在一个养殖周期内，可W使总养殖排水量平均减少 63. 6 %，总氮排放量平均减少88. 4%，总憐排放量平均减少93. 6 %，COD排放量平均减少 81. 9%。
Claims (10)
1. 一种淡水池塘养殖污水的处理方法，其特征在于，用多功能复合生态沟渠进行处 理： 所述的多功能复合生态沟渠包括总渠，总渠的两端分别为进水口和出水口；其特征在 于，沿总渠内的水流方向设置垂直于渠底的三条分隔墙，将总渠分隔为沿水流方向一致的 4条生态渠道；每个生态渠道内分别按以下方案设置： (1) 生态渠道I:种植大型挺水植物； (2) 生态渠道II:放养滤食性鱼类和贝类； (3) 生态渠道III:放置生物浮床，所述生物浮床上种植高生物量的本地优势水生植 物； (4) 生态渠道IV:放置立体弹性填料； 每条生态渠道在进水口位置分别设有闸门，各闸门能够同时开启或关闭，或者分别开 启或关闭；每条生态渠道的出口汇入总渠的出水口； 处理方法为，开启生态渠道I~IV中至少一个闸门，处理后的养殖污水从出水口排出。
2. 权利要求1所述淡水池塘养殖污水处理方法，其特征在于，需要降低水体氮类有机 物时，至少开启生物渠道III或至少开启生物渠道I和III进行排放； 需要去除藻类时，至少开启生物渠道II或至少开启生物渠道II和IV进行排放； 需要去除水体中药物时，至少开启生物渠道IV或至少开启生物渠道I和IV进行排放。
3. 权利要求1所述淡水池塘养殖污水处理方法，多功能复合生态沟渠，其特征在于，所 述挺水植物种植密度为1~2株/平方米水面； 所述滤食性鱼的密度为〇. 5~1. 5尾/立方米水体，贝类的放养密度为0. 5~lkg/平 方米水面； 所述生物浮床宽度为所在生态渠道宽度的90% -100% ; 所述立体弹性填料固定或悬吊在不锈钢框架上，沉入水中；立体弹性填料总体积占水 体积的10% -15%。
4. 权利要求1所述淡水池塘养殖污水处理方法，其特征在于，所述大型挺水植物为美 人蕉或再力花； 所述滤食性鱼选自鲢鳙鱼，所述的贝类为螺蛳和河蚌中的至少一种； 所述本地优势水生植物为水雍菜。
5. 权利要求1所述淡水池塘养殖污水处理方法，其特征在于，所述多功能复合生态沟 渠的闸门的过水宽度为所在生态渠道宽度的75%~100%。
6. 权利要求1所述淡水池塘养殖污水处理方法，其特征在于，所述闸门的材料为碳钢 板。
7. 基于权利要求1所述处理方法的多功能复合生态沟渠，其特征在于，包括总渠，总渠 的两端分别为进水口和出水口；其特征在于，沿总渠内的水流方向设置垂直于渠底的三条 分隔墙，将总渠分隔为沿水流方向一致的4条生态渠道；每个生态渠道内分别按以下方案 设置： (1) 生态渠道I:种植大型挺水植物； (2) 生态渠道II:放养滤食性鱼类和贝类； (3) 生态渠道III:放置生物浮床，所述生物浮床上种植高生物量的本地优势水生植 物； (4)生态渠道IV:放置立体弹性填料； 每条生态渠道在进水口位置分别设有闸门，各闸门能够同时开启或关闭，或者分别开 启或关闭；每条生态渠道的出口汇入总渠的出水口。
8. 权利要求7所述的多功能复合生态沟渠，其特征在于， 所述挺水植物种植密度为1~2株/平方米水面； 所述滤食性鱼的密度为〇. 5~1. 5尾/立方米水体，贝类的放养密度为0. 5~lkg/平 方米水面； 所述生物浮床宽度为所在生态渠道宽度的90% -100% ; 所述立体弹性填料固定或悬吊在不锈钢框架上，沉入水中；立体弹性填料总体积占水 体积的10% -15%。
9. 权利要求7所述的多功能复合生态沟渠，其特征在于， 所述大型挺水植物为美人蕉或再力花； 所述滤食性鱼选自鲢鳙鱼，所述的贝类为螺蛳和河蚌中的至少一种； 所述本地优势水生植物为水雍菜。
10. 权利要求7所述的多功能复合生态沟渠，其特征在于，所述多功能闸门的过水宽度 为所在生态渠道宽度的75%~100%。
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| CN103319005A (zh) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-09-25 | 河海大学 | 一种可移动组装式农田排水沟水质净化器 |
| WO2013182309A1 (de) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-12 | Rogmans, Maria | Verfahren zur wasserbehandlung mit pflanzenanlagen, sowie pflanzenanlage (photobioreaktor) selbst |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101696059A (zh) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-04-21 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | 一种阻控农业面源污染的生态沟渠 |
| CN202416277U (zh) * | 2011-11-03 | 2012-09-05 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | 生态沟渠氮磷拦截潜流坝 |
| WO2013182309A1 (de) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-12 | Rogmans, Maria | Verfahren zur wasserbehandlung mit pflanzenanlagen, sowie pflanzenanlage (photobioreaktor) selbst |
| CN103086513A (zh) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-05-08 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | 一种控制农业面源污染提高农田n、p利用率的生态沟渠 |
| CN103319005A (zh) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-09-25 | 河海大学 | 一种可移动组装式农田排水沟水质净化器 |
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