CN104057068B - A kind of electroslag smelting casting hollow object and upper czochralski process and special purpose device - Google Patents
A kind of electroslag smelting casting hollow object and upper czochralski process and special purpose device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104057068B CN104057068B CN201310096053.3A CN201310096053A CN104057068B CN 104057068 B CN104057068 B CN 104057068B CN 201310096053 A CN201310096053 A CN 201310096053A CN 104057068 B CN104057068 B CN 104057068B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of new process and equipment series of electroslag smelting casting hollow object, it is characterized in that: adopt the method that upwards lifts interior crystallizer to prepare electroslag smelting casting hollow object, fusion-casting process is accompanied by drawing process, monitor at any time the matching degree of drawing speed, prevent that boring mud from leaking slag and crystallizer is stuck; The device adopting when electroslag smelting casting comprises crystallizer and interlock pulling apparatus, and described crystallizer is divided into outer crystallizer and interior crystallizer two parts, and interlock pulling apparatus is for upwards lifting interior crystallizer; Outside at interior crystallizer is provided with sensor, and this sensor is apart from the distance L=H of interior crystallizer bottomThe slag degree of depth+(HMetal bath*0.4～HMetal bath*0.8)+(HHollow object average thickness*0.2～HHollow object average thickness* 0.4), 2*v whereinFounding≥vDrawing≥vFounding. This technique applicability is stronger, and cost of equipment is relatively cheap, portable good; The hollow object blank surface forming quality and the internal soundness that adopt this Processes and apparatus to produce are all good, completely satisfied or exceed technical requirement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to casting field, a kind of electroslag smelting casting hollow object and upper czochralski process thereof and special dress are provided especiallyPut.
Background technology
Electroslag smelting casting, as an advanced foundry engieering, combines liquid steel refining and casting two procedures,Foundry goods crystalline structure even compact, the purity of producing are high, sulphur and phosphorus content is low, non-metallic inclusion is few, have good powerLearn performance and anti-fatigue performance. The quality standard of forging can be reached, foundry goods near-net-shape, performance period and cost can be realized againDoulbe-sides' victory, by modern foundry enterprise extensive use. Hollow object is the current very wide foundry goods of application, product relate to nuclear power,The modernization industry such as electric power, chemical industry, aviation, shipbuilding and heavy-duty machinery.
As everyone knows, hollow object is the high-leveled and difficult foundry goods of electroslag smelting casting for a long time always, at present electroslag smelting casting hollow object(Fig. 1,2) mainly produces with hot piercing method and lower Hubbing method.
Adopt hot piercing or lower Hubbing method to produce, need special end water tank, chassis and complicated lower drawing control to beSystem; This task equipment costliness.
Crystallizer is the core component of electroslag smelting casting, and in the time of founding, the working chamber that it plays fusing, refining on the one hand doesWith; Play a part again on the other hand casting die and form foundry goods, fusing is all carried out with moulding in crystallizer, so crystallizerWork under bad environment, all the more so for the interior crystallizer of hollow object. Stressed complexity in interior crystallizer founding, must have heat conductionBy force, resistance to deformation by force, easily manufacture, be convenient to the feature that lifts of interlock.
The crystallizer internal cavity dimensional discrepancy of tradition model+manually beat method moulding is large, sometimes must additional structure weldingMoulding, not only increased in size deviation but also increase the weld seam quantity in inner chamber profile, leaks, leaks slag risk while improving founding, and these are allFor crystallizer use and maintenance brings difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of new process (upper czochralski process method) and equipment series of electroslag smelting casting hollow object.In employing, czochralski method production electroslag smelting casting hollow object, shuns the complicated and tackle the simple, and applicability is stronger, and cost of equipment is relatively cheap, and produceHollow object blank surface forming quality and internal soundness are all good, meet completely or exceed technical requirement. Meanwhile, the invention providesCrystallizer have easy to make, saving of labor, material-saving, founding is easy to operate, assembling accurate positioning, founding using rate of metal height etc. are excellentPoint.
The present invention specifically provides czochralski process in a kind of electroslag smelting casting hollow object, it is characterized in that: adopt and upwards liftThe method of interior crystallizer is prepared electroslag smelting casting hollow object, and fusion-casting process is accompanied by drawing process, monitor at any time drawing speedDegree of joining, prevents that boring mud from leaking slag and crystallizer is stuck;
Wherein, the device adopting when electroslag smelting casting comprises crystallizer and interlock pulling apparatus, and described crystallizer is divided into outer knotBrilliant device and interior crystallizer two parts, interlock pulling apparatus is for upwards lifting interior crystallizer;
Outside at interior crystallizer is provided with sensor, and this sensor is apart from distance L and the slag degree of depth of interior crystallizer bottomHThe slag degree of depth, metal bath depth HMetal bath, hollow object average thickness HHollow object average thicknessThere is following relation: L=HThe slag degree of depth+(HMetal bath*0.4～HMetal bath*0.8)+(HHollow object average thickness*0.2～HHollow object average thickness*0.4)，HMetal bathCan record according to experiment; Drawing speed vDrawingWith moltenCasting speed vFoundingThere is following relation: 2*vFounding≥vDrawing≥vFounding, wherein VFoundingCan be according to producing actual recording, described sensor isTemperature, curtage sensor.
Czochralski process in electroslag smelting casting hollow object provided by the invention, is characterized in that, technological parameter is:
A, slag system and quantity of slag control:
Slag system principal component is CaF2And Al2O3, its weight ratio is: CaF2：Al2O3=60～70:40～30, the quantity of slag is foundry goods1.5～5% of weight; At CaF2—Al2O3In slag system, add a small amount of MgO and CaO, its addition≤slag system gross weight 10%.
B, the mode of igniting:
Adopt solid-state or liquid slag to ignite, its chemical composition is TiO by weight percentage2：40%～60%，CaF2：60%～40%；
The selection of c, power supply parameter:
Founding voltage and current is:
U=[(0.50～0.75）DCrystallizer+（25～35）]
I=[(580～680)+(30～36)dElectrode]
D in above formulaCrystallizer、dElectrodeBe respectively the long-pending equivalent diameter of crystallizer and electrode sections, unit is mm, and the unit of U is V,The unit of I is A.
The present invention also provides czochralski process special purpose device in described electroslag smelting casting hollow object, it is characterized in that described dressPut and comprise crystallizer and interlock pulling apparatus, wherein crystallizer is divided into outer crystallizer and interior crystallizer two parts;
Outer crystallizer is made up of inner chamber template, water seam plate, water jacket, water jacket plate, flange, water inlet pipe and outlet pipe; Wherein, outerThe water seam plate of crystallizer is arranged on the outside of inner chamber template, the inner side of water jacket, and inner chamber template, water seam plate and water jacket plate are by upper and lowerFlange seal connects, and between water seam plate and inner chamber template, is water seam, between water seam plate and water jacket plate, is water jacket, lower flange placeThe water jacket that water jacket is provided with water inlet pipe, upper flange place is provided with outlet pipe;
Interior crystallizer is made up of inner chamber template, water seam plate, water jacket, flange, water inlet pipe and outlet pipe; Wherein, interior crystallizerWater seam plate be arranged on the inner side of inner chamber template, the outside of water jacket, the top of inner chamber template, water seam plate and water jacket is close by flangeEnvelope connects, and is water seam between water seam plate and inner chamber template, and inlet tube and outlet tube is inserted in water seam by flange;
Wherein, the distance between water seam plate and the inner chamber template of inside and outside crystallizer is 15-50mm, and water jacket and water seam plate are apart50-100mm；
For ensureing the making precision of crystallizer, can first manufacture inner model by 3D solid technology during fabrication, then adoptWith die forging method, by forging forming crystallizer internal cavity template of whole copper coin, the crystallizer dimensional accuracy of making is like this high, shapeThe product of shape and design is close, and without simplifying molded line, and on inner chamber template face, weld seam is few, has improved the use longevity of crystallizerLife.
One of described interlock pulling apparatus is to be supervised by telescopic tube, steel wire, pulley, guide rail, the frame that spreads out, controller, slag liquid levelSurvey device and form for the motor linkage device A that drives steel wire motion;
Wherein, steel wire is located at telescopic tube inside, and steel wire is connected with one end of telescopic tube and the flange of interior crystallizer, stretchesThe other end of Heat-Shrinkable Tubings is connected with the frame that spreads out of being located at outer crystallizer top, and steel wire is entered and is located at the guide rail spreading out in frame by pulley,And be connected with the motor linkage device A that is located at the frame outside of spreading out; Slag liquid level monitoring arrangement is made up of sensor and chromacoder,Wherein sensor is temperature, curtage sensor, is fixedly arranged on interior crystallizer outside, and by being located at the frame external signal conversion of spreading outDevice is passed to controller by signal, controller control motor linkage device A;
Sleeve pipe can reach the effect that drives interior crystallizer to move up and down and to move without the frame that spreads out under steel wire drives, and coverThe motion of pipe can avoid drawing on interior crystallizer the problem that affects on consutrode stroke; Controller can free adjustment motion speedDegree, makes it possible to accurately control drawing speed; By coordinating fusion casting current voltage, avoid occurring in fusion-casting process boring mud bleed-out andCrystallizer is stuck, and determines drawing speed by detecting slag liquid level position.
Two of described interlock pulling apparatus be by leading screw, worm couple, the frame that spreads out, slag liquid level monitoring arrangement, controller andForm for the motor linkage device B that drives guide screw movement;
Wherein, leading screw screw rod is connected at the frame place of spreading out with worm couple, and joins by being located at motor with motor linkage device BMajor axis docking on moving device B; Feed screw nut and interior crystallizer upper flange are fixed or are welded and fixed with pin, worm couple with establishMotor linkage device B in the frame outside of spreading out is connected; Slag liquid level monitoring arrangement is made up of sensor and chromacoder, Qi ZhongchuanSensor is temperature, curtage sensor, is fixedly arranged on interior crystallizer outside, and by being located at the chromacoder spreading out outside frameSignal is passed to controller, controller control motor linkage device B.
Czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object of the present invention, is characterized in that: described motor linkage dressPutting A forms by controlling motor, shaft coupling, brake, decelerator, gear and reel; Wherein control motor by shaft coupling andDecelerator is connected, and decelerator is connected with reel by gear drive, and brake is connected with shaft coupling.
Described motor linkage device B forms by controlling motor, shaft coupling, brake, decelerator and major axis, wherein controls electricityMachine is connected with decelerator by shaft coupling, and decelerator is connected with worm couple by major axis, and brake is connected with shaft coupling.
Czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object provided by the invention, is characterized in that: be located at outer crystallizerOn flange and linkage between set up alignment pin location, can ensure crystallizer good location, realize axial concentricity and be no more than4mm/m. Outside and the frame inside of spreading out of crystallizer is provided with reinforcement outside, and adopt template reinforcement become with lacing wire square crossing with inChamber template is integrally welded, and resistance of deformation and crystallizer when the water-cooled district of crystallizer is made to subregion water-cooled and strengthens founding are coldBut ability. Described interior crystallizer is with pattern draft, prevents from being stuck lifting in process, realizes the smooth demoulding of foundry goods, itsMiddle pattern draft is 1/150～1/70, and the inner chamber shape line of interior crystallizer has lower little large feature.
Upper pulling apparatus provided by the invention, utilizes interior crystallizer under the drive of motor linkage device, to carry out chain fortuneMoving, be not stuck in the motion of inside and outside crystallizer medial side founding limit to realize foundry goods. This device has solved following thorny problem.
(1) electroslag smelting casting interior crystallizer demoulding difficulty is very large;
(2) for long hollow casting, very long because of foundry goods endoporus, must realize interior crystallizer and lift motion on can be continuously;
(3) solve crystallizer and do not affect the problem of electrode travel;
(4), for long hollow casting, need to control the problem of the easy boring mud bleed-out of drawing process;
(5) lift in process, ensure the concentricity of foundry goods.
Czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object of the present invention, is characterized in that: in described crystallizer, inChamber template is copper material, and other position is steel matter.
Adopt the electroslag smelting casting hollow object that in electroslag smelting casting hollow object of the present invention prepared by czochralski process, its feature existsIn the brilliant arm of long shoot of: described electroslag smelting casting hollow object as cast condition blank macrostructure with solidify center and become 25-65 ° of angle.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1), technique of the present invention is little to the dependence of end water tank and chassis.
2), technology controlling and process of the present invention be the drawing of interior crystallizer and coordinating of casting solidification speed, relatively drop-downDraw out method, draw-off gear is light, and drawing difficulty is relatively little.
3), lower Hubbing method need to control the drawing of inside and outside crystallizer simultaneously, it is large that prevention boring mud leaks slag difficulty; The present inventionDescribed scheme is controlled emphatically the drawing of interior crystallizer, is more prone to control and grasp rule.
4), hot piercing method interior crystallizer work condition environment is severe, the interior crystallizer life-span is short; Scheme intercrystalline of the present inventionDevice operating mode is relatively better, and the crystallizer life-span is long.
5), lower Hubbing method is because strong to the dependence of chassis and end water tank, go out at the electroslag furnace that takes up lower draw-off gearWhen existing fault, equipment is portable poor; Upper pulling apparatus of the present invention, in the time that electroslag furnace breaks down, equipment can carry out wholeBody or local transplantation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 cylindricality hollow object (not heat treatment) GS-18NiMoCr3-6 blank and low power metallograph;
Fig. 2 cuboid hollow object (not heat treatment) GS-18NiMoCr3-6 blank and low power metallograph;
On Fig. 3 embodiment 1, lift electroslag smelting casting hollow object equipment series schematic diagram;
On Fig. 4 embodiment 2, lift electroslag smelting casting hollow object equipment series schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 embodiment 1 interior crystallizer structural representation;
Fig. 6 embodiment 2 interior crystallizer structural representations;
The outer mold structure schematic diagram of Fig. 7;
Pulling apparatus structural representation on Fig. 8 embodiment 1;
Pulling apparatus structural representation on Fig. 9 embodiment 2;
Figure 10 alignment pin schematic diagram;
The die cavity section of Figure 11 crystallizer is ring-type schematic diagram;
The die cavity section of Figure 12 crystallizer is hollow side's ring schematic diagram;
Figure 13 electrode schematic diagram of arranging in ring-type die cavity crystallizer;
Figure 14 electrode schematic diagram of arranging in the crystallizer of hollow square ring type chamber;
Figure 15 embodiment 1 founding position view;
Figure 16 embodiment 2 founding position views.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
1, adopt its composition of consutrode and percentage by weight in table 1, electrode size: the annular electro that width is 100mmThe utmost point, length 3000mm(Figure 13).
Table 1.GS-18NiMoCr3-6 steel consutrode composition and percentage by weight
| C% | Si% | Mn% | S% | P% | Cr% | Ni% | Mo% | Fe |
| 0.18 | 0.43 | 1.05 | 0.002 | 0.018 | 0.74 | 0.99 | 0.61 | Surplus |
2, czochralski process special purpose device:
First the die cavity section that goes out crystallizer according to Part Drawing Design is ring-type (seeing Figure 11), external diameter 560mm, highly1600mm, internal diameter 210mm, height 700mm, the height of slag is 220mm, sensor 38a bottom end points is apart from interior crystallizer bottomDistance L=400mm, wherein sensor 38a is temperature sensor.
In electroslag smelting casting hollow object, lift equipment series structure as shown in Fig. 3,5,7,8,10, described device comprises crystallizerAnd interlock pulling apparatus, wherein crystallizer is divided into outer crystallizer and interior crystallizer two parts, and inside and outside crystallizer includes inner chamber typePlate, water seam plate, water jacket, flange, water inlet pipe and outlet pipe, outer crystallizer is also provided with water jacket plate; Wherein inner chamber template is for adoptingForging forming of copper plate that 15mm is thick, other position is steel matter, flange steel plate thickness is 20mm, water seam plate and water jacket plateThickness is 10mm.
Described outer crystallizer is by outer crystallizer internal cavity template 11, outer crystallizer water seam plate 13, outer crystallizer water jacket 14, outer knotBrilliant device water jacket plate 19, flange 17, outer crystallizer water inlet pipe 15, outer crystallizer outlet pipe 16 form;
Outer crystallizer water seam plate 13 is arranged on the outside of outer crystallizer internal cavity template 11, the inner side of outer crystallizer water jacket 14,Outer crystallizer internal cavity template 11, outer crystallizer water seam plate 13 and outer crystallizer water jacket plate 19 are tightly connected by upper lower flange 17,Between crystallizer water seam plate 13 and outer crystallizer internal cavity template 11, be outer crystallizer water seam 12 outside, outer crystallizer water seam plate 13 HesBetween outer crystallizer water jacket plate 19, be outer crystallizer water jacket 14, outer crystallizer water jacket 14 bottoms be provided with outer crystallizer water inlet pipe 15,Top is provided with outer crystallizer outlet pipe 16, inlet tube and outlet tube respectively on pressing close to lower flange 17 positions and with 5 ° of flange 17 angulations-15 °; Crystallizer outside is provided with reinforcement 18 outside, reinforcement 18 and outer crystallizer internal cavity template 11 and outer crystallizer water seam plate 13Integrally welded, outer crystallizer internal cavity template 11 outsides are divided into independent water circulation region, this structure of crystallizer makes crystallizationDevice both can have been realized the independent water circulation in each district in the time that water flowing is cooling also can realize the associating water circulation of facing mutually region, and raising finishesResistance of deformation and the water-cooled ability of brilliant device; Wherein reinforcement 18 is that thickness is the steel plate of 25mm.
Described interior crystallizer is by interior crystallizer inner chamber template 21, interior crystallizer water seam plate 23, interior crystallizer water jacket 24, flange17 and interior crystallizer water inlet pipe 25, interior crystallizer outlet pipe 26 form;
Interior crystallizer water seam plate 23 is arranged on the inner side of interior crystallizer inner chamber template 21, the outside of interior crystallizer water jacket 24,The top of interior crystallizer inner chamber template 21, interior crystallizer water seam plate 23 and interior crystallizer water jacket 24 is tightly connected by flange 17,Between interior crystallizer water seam plate 23 and interior crystallizer inner chamber template 21, be interior crystallizer water seam 22, interior crystallizer water inlet pipe 25,Outlet pipe 26 is inserted in interior crystallizer water seam 22 by flange 17; Described interior crystallizer is with pattern draft, and pattern draft is1/100, the inner chamber shape line of interior crystallizer has lower little large feature.
Water jacket (14,24) is 60mm with the distance of water seam plate (13,23), inner chamber template (11,21) and water seam plate (12,22)Between water-cooled width be 25mm.
Described interlock pulling apparatus be by telescopic tube 31, steel wire 32, pulley 33, guide rail 34, the frame 35 that spreads out, controller 39,Slag liquid level monitoring arrangement and the motor linkage device A37 formation for driving steel wire to move;
Wherein, steel wire 32 is located at telescopic tube 31 inside, steel wire 32 and one end of telescopic tube 31 and the method for interior crystallizerBlue 17 connect, and the other end of telescopic tube 31 is connected with the frame 35 that spreads out of being located at outer crystallizer top, and steel wire 32 enters by pulley 33The guide rail 34 that enters to be located to spread out in frame 35, and be connected with the motor linkage device A37 that is located at frame 35 sides of spreading out; Slag liquid level monitoring arrangementBe made up of sensor 38a and chromacoder 38b, wherein sensor 38a is fixedly arranged on interior crystallizer outside, and spreads out by being located atSignal is passed to controller 39 by chromacoder 38b outside frame 35, and controller 39 is controlled motor linkage device A37, controller39 select PLC, and spreading out, frame 35 inside are provided with reinforcement 18.
To be located at the frame that spreads out one-sided by controlling motor 37a(for motor linkage device A37), shaft coupling 37b, brake 37c, decelerator37d, gear 37e and reel 37f form, and wherein control motor 37a and are connected with decelerator 37d by shaft coupling 37b, reel 37fBe connected with decelerator 37d by gear 37e, brake 37c is located on shaft coupling 37b.
Being located between flange 17 on outer crystallizer and linkage adopts alignment pin 51 to locate.
3, adopt czochralski process special purpose device to carry out electroslag smelting casting:
1) slag system proportioning is weight percentage: CaF2：60%、Al2O3: 30%, MgO:5% and CaO:5%. The quantity of slag is foundry goods weight3% of amount.
2) mode of igniting
Consutrode adopts solid slag to ignite in crystallizer, and its chemical analysis is weight percentage: TiO250%、CaF250%。
3) power consumption parameter:
Different parts (seeing Figure 15) power consumption parameter, in table 2, notes keeping the stability of electric current and voltage in fusion-casting process.
Table 2 different parts power consumption parameter
4) in hollow object fusion-casting process, adopt slag liquid level monitoring arrangement to position monitoring, carry for controlling drawing speedFor basic data.
When the top of the slag is monitored by slag liquid level monitoring arrangement, be the about 120mm height of casting solidification, carried out a drawing,Drawing speed is 10mm/min, and drawing is highly 10mm; In the time that slag liquid level touches temperature sensor 38a again, then carry out oneInferior drawing, drawing speed is 10mm/min, drawing is highly 10mm; Move in circles to founding and finish. By to foundry goods difference portionPosition adopts different electrical power and drawing control, and foundry goods is inner and surface quality is good.
5) through above-mentioned technical process, produce electroslag smelting casting hollow object. The long shoot crystalline substance one of its as cast condition blank macrostructureInferior arm becomes 25-65 ° of angle with axle center, as shown in Figure 1, its chemical composition is in table 3:
Table 3 electroslag smelting casting hollow object chemical composition
| C% | Si% | Mn% | S% | P% | Cr% | Ni% | Mo% | Fe |
| 0.18 | 0.42 | 1.03 | 0.002 | 0.017 | 0.71 | 0.98 | 0.60 | Surplus |
After founding, adopt the pre-heat treatment technique, heat treatment temperature is 750 DEG C, and foundry goods is cooling with stove. Adopt afterwards anti-deformationAnd Anti-cracking technique is carried out modifier treatment (quenching 960 DEG C, 600 DEG C of tempering).
After heat treatment, foundry goods mechanical performance is in table 4:
Foundry goods mechanical performance after table 4 heat treatment
Following standard test is pressed in nondestructive inspection:
UT:EN12680-1-1997(2) inspection area: all
MT:EN1369-1997(2) inspection area: all
Through chemical composition analysis, mechanical properties test, nondestructiving inspecting test, gained hollow object indices is all qualified.
Embodiment 2
1, adopt its composition of consutrode and percentage by weight in table 5, electrode size: Φ 200 × 10000mm, along knotMany (Figure 14) arranged in brilliant type chamber.
Table 5GS-34CrNiMo-6 steel consutrode composition and percentage by weight
| C% | Si% | Mn% | S% | P% | Cr% | Ni% | Mo% | Fe |
| 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.69 | 0.018 | 0.014 | 1.58 | 1.55 | 0.33 | Surplus |
2, determine interior crystallizer and outer crystallizer die cavity and manufacture and design on lift equipment series
First the section that goes out crystallizer according to Part Drawing Design is hollow Fang Huan (seeing Figure 12), and outer crystallizer die cavity is 1380× 700mm, height 2500mm, interior crystallizer die cavity is 580 × 160mm, height 800mm, pattern draft 1/80.
The height of slag is 220mm, and the bottom end points of sensor 38a is apart from the distance L=620mm of interior crystallizer bottom, whereinSensor 38a is current sensor.
Equipment therefor structure is as shown in Fig. 4,6,7,9,10, and it is to adopt different connection from the difference of embodiment 1Moving pulling apparatus, this interlock pulling apparatus by leading screw, worm couple 43, the frame 35 that spreads out, slag liquid level monitoring arrangement, controller 39 andForm for the motor linkage device B41 that drives guide screw movement;
Leading screw screw rod 42a is connected at frame 35 places of spreading out with worm couple 43, and passes through major axis with motor linkage device B4137g docking; Feed screw nut 42b and interior crystallizer upper flange 17 use pins 44 are fixing or be welded and fixed, worm couple 43 be located atThe transformation motor linkage device B41 of frame 35 outsides of spreading out is connected, and sensor 38a is fixedly arranged on interior crystallizer outside, and turns by signalChanging device 38b docks with controller 39, and controller 39 is controlled motor linkage device B41, and controller 39 is selected PLC.
To be located at the frame that spreads out one-sided by controlling motor 37a(for motor linkage device B41), shaft coupling 37b, brake 37c, decelerator37d, major axis 37g form; Decelerator 37d by shaft coupling 37b with control motor 37a and be connected with major axis 37g, brake 37c andShaft coupling 37b is connected.
3, electroslag smelting casting:
1) slag system proportioning is weight percentage: CaF2：70%、Al2O3: 30%, the quantity of slag is casting weight 3.2%.
2) mode of igniting
Consutrode adopts solid slag to ignite in crystallizer, and its chemical analysis is weight percentage: TiO250%、CaF250%。
3) power consumption parameter:
Different parts (as Figure 16) power consumption parameter, in table 6, notes keeping the stability of electric current and voltage in fusion-casting process.
Table 6 different parts power consumption parameter
4) in hollow object fusion-casting process, adopt slag liquid level monitoring arrangement to position monitoring, carry for controlling drawing speedFor basic data.
When the top of the slag is monitored by slag liquid level monitoring arrangement, be the about 150mm height of casting solidification, carried out a drawing,Drawing speed v=11mm/min, drawing is highly 12mm; In the time that slag liquid level touches current sensor 38a again, then carry out oneInferior drawing, drawing speed v=11mm/min, drawing is highly 12mm; Move in circles to founding and finish. By to foundry goods difference portionPosition adopts different electrical power and drawing control, and foundry goods is inner and surface quality is good.
5) through above-mentioned technical process, produce electroslag smelting casting part hollow object. The long shoot crystalline substance of its as cast condition blank macrostructureOne time arm becomes 25-65 ° of angle with axle center, as shown in Figure 2. After testing, chemical composition is in table 7:
Table 7 foundry goods chemical composition
| C% | Si% | Mn% | S% | P% | Cr% | Ni% | Mo% | Fe |
| 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.68 | 0.015 | 0.014 | 1.51 | 1.55 | 0.35 | Surplus |
After founding, adopt the pre-heat treatment technique, heat treatment temperature is that 760 DEG C of foundry goods are cooling with stove. Adopt afterwards anti-deformation andAnti-cracking technique is carried out modifier treatment (quenching 900 DEG C, 580 DEG C of tempering).
After heat treatment, foundry goods mechanical performance is in table 8:
Foundry goods mechanical performance after table 8 heat treatment
Following standard test is pressed in nondestructive inspection:
MT:EN1369-1997(2) inspection area: all
UT:EN12680-1-1997(2) inspection area: all
Through chemical composition analysis, mechanical properties test, nondestructiving inspecting test, gained foundry goods indices is all qualified.
Above-described embodiment is only explanation technical conceive of the present invention and feature, and its object is to allow person skilled in the artScholar can understand content of the present invention and implement according to this, can not limit the scope of the invention with this. All according to the present inventionThe equivalence that Spirit Essence is done changes or modifies, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a czochralski process in electroslag smelting casting hollow object, is characterized in that: adopt the method preparation that upwards lifts interior crystallizerElectroslag smelting casting hollow object, fusion-casting process is accompanied by drawing process, monitors at any time the matching degree of drawing speed, prevent boring mud leak slag andCrystallizer is stuck;
Wherein, the device adopting when electroslag smelting casting comprises crystallizer and interlock pulling apparatus, and described crystallizer is divided into outer crystallizerWith interior crystallizer two parts, interlock pulling apparatus is for upwards lifting interior crystallizer;
Outside at interior crystallizer is provided with sensor, and this sensor is apart from distance L and the slag depth H of interior crystallizer bottomThe slag degree of depth、Metal bath depth HMetal bath, hollow object average thickness HHollow object average thicknessThere is following relation: L=HThe slag degree of depth+(HMetal bath*0.4～HMetal bath*0.8)+(HHollow object average thickness*0.2～HHollow object average thickness*0.4)，HMetal bathCan record according to experiment; Drawing speed vDrawingWith foundingSpeed vFoundingThere is following relation: 2*vFounding≥vDrawing≥vFounding, wherein VFoundingCan be according to producing actual recording, described sensor is temperatureDegree, curtage sensor.
2. according to czochralski process in electroslag smelting casting hollow object described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, technological parameter is:
A, slag system and quantity of slag control:
Slag system principal component is CaF2And Al2O3, its weight ratio is: CaF2：Al2O3=60～70:40～30, the quantity of slag is casting weight1.5～5%; At CaF2—Al2O3In slag system, add a small amount of MgO and CaO, its addition≤slag system gross weight 10%;
B, the mode of igniting:
Adopt solid-state or liquid slag to ignite, its chemical composition is TiO by weight percentage2：40％～60％，CaF2：60％～40％；
The selection of c, power supply parameter:
Founding voltage and current is:
U＝[(0.50～0.75)DCrystallizer+(25～35)]
I＝[(580～680)+(30～36)dElectrode]
D in above formulaCrystallizer、dElectrodeBe respectively the long-pending equivalent diameter of crystallizer and electrode sections, unit is mm, and the unit of U is V, I'sUnit is A.
3. according to a czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described dressPut and comprise crystallizer and interlock pulling apparatus, wherein crystallizer is divided into outer crystallizer and interior crystallizer two parts;
Outer crystallizer is made up of inner chamber template, water seam plate, water jacket, water jacket plate, flange, water inlet pipe and outlet pipe; Wherein, outer crystallizationThe water seam plate of device is arranged on the outside of inner chamber template, the inner side of water jacket, and inner chamber template, water seam plate and water jacket plate are by upper lower flangeBe tightly connected, be water seam between water seam plate and inner chamber template, between water seam plate and water jacket plate, is water jacket, the water jacket at lower flange placeThe water jacket that is provided with water inlet pipe, upper flange place is provided with outlet pipe;
Interior crystallizer is made up of inner chamber template, water seam plate, water jacket, flange, water inlet pipe and outlet pipe; Wherein, the water of interior crystallizerSeam plate is arranged on the inner side of inner chamber template, the outside of water jacket, and the top of inner chamber template, water seam plate and water jacket connects by flange sealConnect, be water seam between water seam plate and inner chamber template, and inlet tube and outlet tube is inserted in water seam by flange;
Described interlock pulling apparatus has two kinds, and the first interlock pulling apparatus is by telescopic tube, steel wire, pulley, guide rail, spreads outFrame, controller, slag liquid level monitoring arrangement and the motor linkage device A formation for driving steel wire to move;
Wherein, steel wire is located at telescopic tube inside, and steel wire is connected with one end of telescopic tube and the flange of interior crystallizer, telescopicThe other end of pipe is connected with the frame that spreads out of being located at outer crystallizer top, and steel wire is entered and is located at the guide rail spreading out in frame by pulley, and withThe motor linkage device A that is located at the frame outside of spreading out is connected; Slag liquid level monitoring arrangement is made up of sensor and chromacoder, whereinSensor is temperature, curtage sensor, is fixedly arranged on interior crystallizer outside, and by being located at the signal conversion dress spreading out outside framePut signal is passed to controller, controller control motor linkage device A;
The second interlock pulling apparatus is by leading screw, worm couple, the frame that spreads out, slag liquid level monitoring arrangement, controller and for bandThe motor linkage device B of moving guide screw movement forms;
Wherein, leading screw screw rod is connected at the frame place of spreading out with worm couple, and fills by being located at motor linkage with motor linkage device BPut the major axis docking on B; Feed screw nut and interior crystallizer upper flange are fixed or are welded and fixed with pin, and worm couple spreads out with being located atThe motor linkage device of frame outside is connected; Slag liquid level monitoring arrangement is made up of sensor and chromacoder, wherein sensorFor temperature, curtage sensor, be fixedly arranged on interior crystallizer outside, and will believe by being located at the chromacoder spreading out outside frameNumber pass to controller, controller control motor linkage device B.
4. according to czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object described in claim 3, it is characterized in that:
Described outer crystallizer is by outer crystallizer internal cavity template (11), outer crystallizer water seam plate (13), outer crystallizer water jacket (14), outerCrystallizer water jacket plate (19), flange (17), outer crystallizer water inlet pipe (15), outer crystallizer outlet pipe (16) form;
Outer crystallizer water seam plate (13) be arranged on the outside of outer crystallizer internal cavity template (11), outer crystallizer water jacket (14) inSide, outer crystallizer internal cavity template (11), outer crystallizer water seam plate (13) and outer crystallizer water jacket plate (19) are by upper lower flange(17) being tightly connected, is outer crystallizer water seam outside between crystallizer water seam plate (13) and outer crystallizer internal cavity template (11)(12), between outer crystallizer water seam plate (13) and outer crystallizer water jacket plate (19), be outer crystallizer water jacket (14), outer crystallizer waterCover (14) bottom is provided with outer crystallizer water inlet pipe (15), top is provided with outer crystallizer outlet pipe (16);
Described interior crystallizer is by interior crystallizer inner chamber template (21), interior crystallizer water seam plate (23), interior crystallizer water jacket (24), methodBlue (17) and interior crystallizer water inlet pipe (25), interior crystallizer outlet pipe (26) form;
Interior crystallizer water seam plate (23) be arranged on interior crystallizer inner chamber template (21) inner side, interior crystallizer water jacket (24) outsideSide, flange is passed through on the top of interior crystallizer inner chamber template (21), interior crystallizer water seam plate (23) and interior crystallizer water jacket (24)(17) be tightly connected, be interior crystallizer water seam between interior crystallizer water seam plate (23) and interior crystallizer inner chamber template (21)(22), interior crystallizer water inlet pipe (25), outlet pipe (26) are inserted in interior crystallizer water seam (22) by flange (17);
Wherein, the distance between outer crystallizer water seam plate (13) and outer crystallizer internal cavity template (11) is 15-50mm, outer crystallizerWater jacket (14) and outer crystallizer water seam plate (13) 50-100mm apart; Interior crystallizer water seam plate (23) and interior crystallizer inner chamber template(21) distance between is 15-50mm, interior crystallizer water jacket (24) and interior crystallizer water seam plate (23) 50-100mm apart;
Described the first interlock pulling apparatus be by telescopic tube (31), steel wire (32), pulley (33), guide rail (34), frame spreads out(35), controller (39), slag liquid level monitoring arrangement and motor linkage device A (37) formation for driving steel wire (32) to move;
Wherein, steel wire (32) is located at telescopic tube (31) inside, one end and the interior crystallizer of steel wire (32) and telescopic tube (31)Flange (17) connect, the other end of telescopic tube (31) is connected with the frame that spreads out (35) of being located at outer crystallizer top, steel wire (32)Enter the guide rail (34) of being located in the frame that spreads out (35) by pulley (33), and with the motor linkage device A that is located at the frame that spreads out (35) side(37) be connected; Slag liquid level monitoring arrangement is made up of sensor (38a) and chromacoder (38b), and wherein sensor (38a) is solidBe located at interior crystallizer outside, and by being located at the outer chromacoder (38b) of the frame that spreads out (35), signal passed to controller (39),Controller (39) is controlled motor linkage device A (37);
Described the second interlock pulling apparatus is by leading screw, worm couple (43), the frame that spreads out (35), slag liquid level monitoring arrangement, electricityMachine linkage B (41) and controller (39) form;
Leading screw screw rod (42a) is located to be connected at the frame that spreads out (35) with worm couple (43), and by being located on motor linkage device BMajor axis (37g) docks with motor linkage device B (41); Flange (17) on feed screw nut (42b) and interior crystallizer pin (44)Fix or be welded and fixed, worm couple (43) the motor linkage device B (41) outside with being located at the frame that spreads out (35) is connected; Slag liquid levelMonitoring device is made up of sensor (38a) and chromacoder (38b), and wherein sensor (38a) is fixedly arranged on outside interior crystallizerSide, and by being located at the chromacoder (38b) spreading out outside frame, signal is passed to controller (39), controller (39) is controlled motorLinkage B.
5. according to czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object described in claim 4, it is characterized in that: be located at outer crystallizationBetween the flange (17) on device and interlock pulling apparatus, adopt alignment pin (51) location.
6. according to czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: knot outsideBrilliant device is outside is provided with reinforcement (18) with frame (35) inside of spreading out.
7. according to czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object described in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described crystallizerIn, inner chamber template is copper material, other position is steel matter.
8. according to czochralski process special purpose device in claim 3～5 or 7 arbitrary described electroslag smelting casting hollow object, it is characterized in that:Described interior crystallizer is with pattern draft, and wherein pattern draft is 1/150～1/70, and the inner chamber shape line of interior crystallizer has lower littleUpper large feature.
9. according to czochralski process special purpose device in electroslag smelting casting hollow object described in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described motor connectionMoving device A (37) by control motor (37a), shaft coupling (37b), brake (37c), decelerator (37d), gear (37e) andReel (37f) forms;
Described motor linkage device B (41) is by controlling motor (37a), shaft coupling (37b), brake (37c), decelerator (37d)And major axis (37g) forms.
10. an electroslag smelting casting hollow object of preparing according to czochralski process in electroslag smelting casting hollow object described in claim 1, its spyLevy and be: the brilliant arm of the long shoot of described electroslag smelting casting hollow object as cast condition blank macrostructure with solidify center and become 25-65 ° of angle.
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| JPS5841667A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1983-03-10 | ヘインズ インタ−ナシヨナル インコ−ポレ−テツド | Method and device for casting hollow body through electroslag remelting |
| JP2003522648A (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-07-29 | インテコ・インターナショナーレ・テクニシェ・ベラツング・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | Method and apparatus for manufacturing hollow metal castings |
| CN1589992A (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2005-03-09 | 潘明忠 | Technology of slag fused casting train shaft |
| CN101612661A (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2009-12-30 | 饶云福 | A kind of electro-slag continuous stripping heavy caliber uniform section hollow steel ingot device that is used for |
| CN201482972U (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2010-05-26 | 饶云福 | Hollow steel ingot crystallizer for continuous electroslag stripping |
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2013
- 2013-03-22 CN CN201310096053.3A patent/CN104057068B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS5841667A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1983-03-10 | ヘインズ インタ−ナシヨナル インコ−ポレ−テツド | Method and device for casting hollow body through electroslag remelting |
| JP2003522648A (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-07-29 | インテコ・インターナショナーレ・テクニシェ・ベラツング・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | Method and apparatus for manufacturing hollow metal castings |
| CN1589992A (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2005-03-09 | 潘明忠 | Technology of slag fused casting train shaft |
| CN101612661A (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2009-12-30 | 饶云福 | A kind of electro-slag continuous stripping heavy caliber uniform section hollow steel ingot device that is used for |
| CN201482972U (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2010-05-26 | 饶云福 | Hollow steel ingot crystallizer for continuous electroslag stripping |
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Address after: 110022 No. 17 Yunfeng Street South, Tiexi District, Liaoning, Shenyang Patentee after: Shenyang Foundry Research Institute Co., Ltd. of China National Machinery Research Institute Group Address before: 110022 No. 17 Yunfeng Street South, Tiexi District, Liaoning, Shenyang Patentee before: SHENYANG RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FOUNDRY Co.,Ltd. Address after: 110022 No. 17 Yunfeng Street South, Tiexi District, Liaoning, Shenyang Patentee after: SHENYANG RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FOUNDRY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 110022 No. 17 Yunfeng Street South, Tiexi District, Liaoning, Shenyang Patentee before: Shenyang Research Institute OF Foundry |