CN104056447A - Box game machine device based on Arduino single chip microcomputer - Google Patents
Box game machine device based on Arduino single chip microcomputer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104056447A CN104056447A CN201410249478.8A CN201410249478A CN104056447A CN 104056447 A CN104056447 A CN 104056447A CN 201410249478 A CN201410249478 A CN 201410249478A CN 104056447 A CN104056447 A CN 104056447A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- box
- unit
- control
- game
- chip microcomputer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a box game machine device based on an Arduino single chip microcomputer. The box game machine comprises a box game machine structure part and a control system part, wherein the box game machine structure part comprises a box casing with a flip-open cover, an platform in the box, a conveyer belt, a control rod, a flip-open cover supporting rod and a control button. The box game machine device is characterized in that the platform is positioned in the middle of the box; the conveyer belt and the control rod are arranged on the platform; the flip-open cover supporting rod is positioned on the left wall of the box; the control button is led to the outside of the box through a conducting wire. The control system part comprises an Arduino single chip microcomputer main control unit, an MP3 play module unit, a sounding power amplifier unit, a direct current motor conveyer belt driving unit, a steering engine supporting rod unit, a steering engine control rod unit, a Hoare magnetic sensor detecting unit, a button initialization reset unit and a button steering engine control unit. Through the design of the structure part and the control system, the whole game machine device has the advantages of strong sense of reality, high playability, scene replaceability and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of entertainment device, particularly a kind of game machine, especially refer to a kind of based on Arduino the monolithic processor controlled intelligence development class box game machine of dodging, scene of game comprises Super Mario Austria, flappy bird, the racing car etc. of competing for speed.
Background technology
Along with the development of computer and mobile phone terminal technology, various types of virtual games become one of major way of people's amusement and recreation, wherein dodge class game of intelligence development, and with its intelligence, interest, simple handling acquisition people's favor.The existing intelligence development class scene of game of dodging is generally presented in the terminal screens such as computer, mobile phone, PSP palm machine, by keyboard, and mouse or game paddle manipulation.But scene of game is confined in limited electronic curtain, lack game interactive, cannot give real entity game experiencing, therefore there is limitation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above that prior art exists, a kind of box game machine is provided, main scene of game is presented in the box of entity, by the intelligence development class virtual game scene hypostazation of dodging, realizing entity game manipulation by Arduino single-chip microcomputer and multiple control module experiences, realistic strong, the advantage such as playability is high, scene replaceability.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer, comprises box game structure part and control system part.Described box game machine mechanism part comprises: platform, conveyer belt, control lever in cassette housing that band is renovated, box, renovate support bar, control button.It is characterized in that, in described box, platform is positioned at box middle part, comprises conveyer belt, control lever in box on platform.Renovate support bar and be positioned at the left wall of box.Control button is drawn out to box outside by wire.Described control system part, comprise Arduino single-chip microcomputer main control unit, MP3 playing module unit, sound equipment power amplifier unit, direct current generator belt-driven unit, steering wheel support bar unit, steering wheel control lever unit, Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit, button initial reset unit, button steering wheel control module.
Further, in described box, above platform, present scene of game, the game role that is wherein arranged in conveyer belt on the box platform simulation virtual game scene of advancing of move, conveyer belt passes through direct current generator unit drives.The control lever simulation role who is arranged in box platform top moves up and down (role's jump or leap etc.), hides the barrier on conveyer belt, and control lever is by steering wheel unit controls.Cassette interior in box below platform is hidden each control module, comprises Arduino single-chip microcomputer main control unit, MP3 playing module unit, sound equipment power amplifier unit, direct current generator belt-driven unit, steering wheel control lever unit, steering wheel support bar unit.
Further, described in renovate support bar and be positioned at the left wall of box, by steering wheel steady arm unit controls, when realizing game and starting, support bar is propped up box and is renovated unlatching, enters game state.In the time of game over, support bar falls box and renovates and close, Exit Game state.
Further, post rectangle kicker magnet above described conveyer belt, magnet surface is posted the barrier in scene of game, and conveyer belt is by direct current generator belt-driven unit drives.
Further, in described control lever, there is a chain-wales above, above chain-wales, paste role in scene of game (as flappy bird, Super Mario Advance etc.), Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit is housed below chain-wales, when the role on control lever follows in the process that control lever moves up and down, if when Hall element is positioned at the top of the magnet barrier that conveyer belt posts, game over.
Further, described control button is drawn out to box outside by wire.Have two buttons, one is initial reset button, realizes after game over and resets and restart function.Another is control lever steering wheel control button, realizes the control of control lever steering wheel, the simulation role function that moves up and down.
Further, the Arduino single-chip microcomputer main control unit of described control system part, adopts Arduino uno R3 model single-chip microcomputer master control borad, realizes whole game control.
Further, described MP3 playing module unit adopts VS1003B model MP3 decoding module, the form of expanding plate with Arduino single-chip microcomputer is connected to Arduino uno R3 single-chip microcomputer master control borad, described sound equipment power amplifier unit is connected to MP3 playing module voice output port, plays the game background sound effect in SD.
Further, described direct current generator belt-driven unit adopts 5-8 volt direct current generator and L298N model dual H-bridge direct current generator to drive chip, controls by 5 and No. 6 numerals mouthful of Arduino controller.
Further, described steering wheel control lever unit, adopts 9 grams of steering wheels of SG90 model, controls by No. 10 numerals mouthful of Arduino controller.Described steering wheel control button is connected to No. A2 simulation mouthful of Arduino controller, when realizing button and pressing, control steering wheel and clockwise rotate 60 degree, when button Panasonic, control steering wheel and rotate counterclockwise 60 degree, control lever is along with the rotation simulation role's of steering wheel moves up and down.
Further, described Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit, adopt 44E model Hall element, be connected to No. A1 simulation mouthful of Arduino controller, realize and moving up and down in process with this control lever, in the time that Hall magnetic sensor approaches the kicker magnet above conveyer belt, Hall magnetic sensor detects that magnet magnetic works, Exit Game.
Further, described steering wheel support bar unit, adopts 9 grams of steering wheels of SG90 model, is connected to No. A2 simulation mouthful of Arduino controller, described button initial reset unit, be connected on the RSET port of Arduino controller, when pressing after reset key, realize support bar 100 degree that turn clockwise, supporting box renovates, game in the time that Hall element approaches kicker magnet, extensive 100 degree that are rotated counterclockwise of support bar, box is renovated and is closed.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
Box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer of the present invention, realized the dodge hypostazation of class virtual game of intelligence development, scene of game has replaceability, by the process of the whole game of Arduino Single-chip Controlling, game difficulty can be adjusted at any time by program, and flexibility is strong.Meanwhile, whole game has interesting man-machine interaction mode, has made up the limitation of existing virtual game game experiencing in finite baffle.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereogram that the present invention is based on the box game machine of Arduino single-chip microcomputer;
Fig. 2 is the isometric front view of platform in the box in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the reverse side stereogram of platform in the box in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is control system structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the logical order schematic diagram of control object of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the situation that the takies schematic diagram of the I/O interface of Arduino controller;
Wherein: 1, cassette housing; 2, box is renovated; 3, platform in box; 4, conveyer belt; 5, control lever; 6, renovate support bar; 7, control button; 8, chain-wales; 9, kicker magnet; 10, control lever connecting rod; 11, renovate the control steering wheel of steady arm 6; 12, the composite module that Arduino Single-chip Controlling unit and MP3 playing module unit, sound equipment power amplifier unit are packaged into; 13, the control steering wheel of control lever 5; 14, control the direct current generator module of conveyer belt 4; 15, Arduino singlechip controller; 16, Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit; 17, button initial reset unit; 18, button steering wheel control module; 19, direct current generator belt-driven unit; 20, steering wheel support bar unit; 21, steering wheel control lever unit; 22, MP3 playing module unit; 23, sound equipment power amplifier unit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of a kind of box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer of the present invention, comprise: band is renovated platform 3, conveyer belt 4, control lever 5 in 2 cassette housing 1, box, renovated support bar 6, control button 7, wherein box renovate 2, in box, platform 3 is arranged in box 1, and in box, platform 3 is provided with conveyer belt 4, and control lever 5 accumbency are above conveyer belt 4, renovate the left wall that support bar 6 is positioned at box 1, control button 7 is drawn from box by wire.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, accumbency is provided with chain-wales 8 on the control lever 5 above conveyer belt 4, and the game role in scene of game is posted in chain-wales 8 tops, and Hall magnetic sensor is equipped with in chain-wales 8 belows.Control lever 5 ends are connected by rotating shaft with connecting rod 10, and connecting rod 10 is controlled it by steering wheel 13 and rotated, and drive control lever above platform 3, to move up and down in box, and simulation role moves up and down.Above conveyer belt 4, the kicker magnet 9 of some is posted at interval, and magnet surface is posted the barrier in scene of game, and wherein conveyer belt 4 is driven by direct current generator 14.Be arranged in the support bar 6 in box platform 3 left sides, control its rotation by steering wheel 11, to realize 2 switchings of renovating of the flip-top box 1 that supports in Fig. 1.
Referring to Fig. 3, the steering wheel 11 of controlling support bar 6 is fixed on platform 3 left sides, the back side in box, embeds the left wall of box 1.The composite module 12 that Arduino Single-chip Controlling unit and MP3 playing module unit, sound equipment power amplifier unit are packaged into is fixed on platform 3 back sides in box.The control steering wheel 13 of control lever 5 is arranged in the back side postmedian of box platform 3, and rotating shaft drives role in control lever 5 simulations to move up and down by the notch on platform in box 3.The direct current generator module 14 of controlling conveyer belt 4 is arranged in the back side of box platform 3, drives the rotating speed wheel of conveyer belt to rotate, thereby drives conveyer belt 4.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5, according to the embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of control procedure of carton game machine simultaneously.First, startup system, system enters initialization, and each sensor and control module reset; Steering wheel 11 controls are renovated steady arm 6 and are upwards clockwise rotated 100 degree, and steady arm is propped up box and renovated 2; The direct current generator 14 of controlling conveyer belt 4 starts to rotate, and kicker magnet 9 is along with conveyer belt 4 setting in motions; Game background sound effect in MP3 playing module starts to play.Player realizes the control to steering wheel 11 by pressing control button 7 button below, press the button, steering wheel 11 clockwise rotates 60 degree, drive control lever 5 to move up 5 centimetres along control lever 5 directions, chain-wales 8 is followed control lever 5 and is moved up 5 centimetres, the process that moves upward of the game role on simulation chain-wales 8.In the time of Panasonic's button, steering wheel 11 rotates counterclockwise 60 degree, the process that moves downward of the game role on simulation chain-wales 8.Player, by above-mentioned control, hides chain-wales 8 belows, kicker magnet 9 barriers on conveyer belt 4.Once player does not control well, while making chain-wales 8 be positioned at kicker magnet 9 barrier top, the Hall magnetic sensor that be equipped with chain-wales 8 belows is exported high level under the effect of kicker magnet 9, stop game process, conveyer belt 4 stalls, renovate 2 and close, and the dead background sound effect of role starts to play.If player wants to restart game, only need press a button above of control button 7, system reset, game restarts, and repeats above-mentioned game process.
In sum, see ginseng Fig. 4, the box Gamecontrol system of various embodiments of the present invention, is made up of Arduino singlechip controller 15, Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit 16, button initial reset unit 17, button steering wheel control module 18, direct current generator belt-driven unit 19, steering wheel support bar unit 20, steering wheel control lever unit 21, MP3 playing module unit 22, sound equipment power amplifier unit 23.
Described Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit 16 interconnects by functional pin with Arduino singlechip controller 15, realizes and detects strong magnet barrier termination game.Described button initial reset unit 17 interconnects by functional pin with Arduino singlechip controller 15, realizes the initial reset function of whole control system.Described button steering wheel control module 18 interconnects by functional pin with Arduino singlechip controller 15, realizes the process that moves up and down of role in being played by button control by player.Described direct current generator belt-driven unit 19 interconnects by functional pin with Arduino singlechip controller 15, realizes motion and termination by Single-chip Controlling conveyer belt.Described steering wheel support bar unit 20 interconnects by functional pin with Arduino singlechip controller 15, and realization is rotated by Single-chip Controlling support bar steering wheel, thereby props up the open and close of lid.Described steering wheel control lever unit 21 interconnects by functional pin with Arduino singlechip controller 15, when realizing button steering wheel control module 18 and pressing or unclamp, and the running of Single-chip Controlling control lever steering wheel, simulation role moves up and down.Described MP3 playing module unit 22 is directly inserted on Arduino singlechip controller 15 panels and with sound equipment power amplifier unit 23 and interconnects by functional pin with the form of Arduino singlechip controller expansion board, realizes the effect of game replaying background sound effect.
Finally it should be noted that: the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer, comprises box game structure part and control system part.Described box game machine mechanism part comprises: platform, conveyer belt, control lever in cassette housing that band is renovated, box, renovate support bar, control button.It is characterized in that, in described box, platform is positioned at box middle part, comprises conveyer belt, control lever in box on platform.Renovate support bar and be positioned at the left wall of box.Control button is drawn out to box outside by wire.Described control system part, comprise Arduino single-chip microcomputer main control unit, MP3 playing module unit, sound equipment power amplifier unit, direct current generator belt-driven unit, steering wheel support bar unit, steering wheel control lever unit, Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit, button initial reset unit, button steering wheel control module.
2. according to presenting scene of game above platform in box described in claim 1, the game role that is wherein arranged in the conveyer belt simulation virtual game on the box platform scene of advancing of move, conveyer belt passes through direct current generator unit drives.The control lever simulation role who is arranged in box platform top moves up and down (role's jump or leap etc.), hides the barrier on conveyer belt, and control lever is by steering wheel unit controls.Cassette interior in box below platform is hidden each control module, comprises Arduino single-chip microcomputer main control unit, MP3 playing module unit, sound equipment power amplifier unit, direct current generator belt-driven unit, steering wheel control lever unit, steering wheel support bar unit.
3. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in renovate support bar and be positioned at the left wall of box, by steering wheel steady arm unit controls, while realizing game beginning, support bar is propped up box and is renovated unlatching, enters game state.In the time of game over, support bar falls box and renovates and close, Exit Game state.
4. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, above described conveyer belt, post rectangle kicker magnet, magnet surface is posted the barrier in scene of game, and conveyer belt is by direct current generator belt-driven unit drives.
5. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described control lever, there is a chain-wales above, above chain-wales, paste role in scene of game (as flappy bird, Super Mario Advance etc.), Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit is housed below chain-wales, when the role on control lever follows in the process that control lever moves up and down, if when Hall element is positioned at the top of the magnet barrier that conveyer belt posts, game over.
6. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control button is drawn out to box outside by wire.Have two buttons, one is initial reset button, realizes after game over and resets and restart function.Another is control lever steering wheel control button, realizes the control of control lever steering wheel, the simulation role function that moves up and down.
7. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the Arduino single-chip microcomputer main control unit of described control system part, adopts Arduino uno R3 model single-chip microcomputer master control borad, realizes whole game control.
8. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described MP3 playing module unit adopts VS1003B model MP3 decoding module, the form of expanding plate with Arduino single-chip microcomputer is connected to Arduino unoR3 single-chip microcomputer master control borad, described sound equipment power amplifier unit is connected to MP3 playing module voice output port, plays the game background sound effect in SD.
9. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described direct current generator belt-driven unit adopts 5-8 volt direct current generator and L298N model dual H-bridge direct current generator to drive chip, controls by 5 and No. 6 numerals mouthful of Arduino controller.
10. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steering wheel control lever unit, adopts 9 grams of steering wheels of SG90 model, controls by No. 10 numerals mouthful of Arduino controller.Described steering wheel control button is connected to No. A2 simulation mouthful of Arduino controller, when realizing button and pressing, control steering wheel and clockwise rotate 60 degree, when button Panasonic, control steering wheel and rotate counterclockwise 60 degree, control lever is along with the rotation simulation role's of steering wheel moves up and down.
11. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Hall magnetic sensor detecting unit, adopt 44E model Hall element, be connected to No. A1 simulation mouthful of Arduino controller, realize and moving up and down in process with this control lever, in the time that Hall magnetic sensor approaches the kicker magnet above conveyer belt, Hall magnetic sensor detects that magnet magnetic works, Exit Game.
12. according to the box game machine based on Arduino single-chip microcomputer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steering wheel support bar unit, adopt 9 grams of steering wheels of SG90 model, be connected to No. A2 simulation mouthful of Arduino controller, described button initial reset unit, be connected on the RSET port of Arduino controller, when pressing after reset key, realize support bar 100 degree that turn clockwise, support box and renovate, game in the time that Hall element approaches kicker magnet, extensive 100 degree that are rotated counterclockwise of support bar, box is renovated and is closed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410249478.8A CN104056447A (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Box game machine device based on Arduino single chip microcomputer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410249478.8A CN104056447A (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Box game machine device based on Arduino single chip microcomputer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104056447A true CN104056447A (en) | 2014-09-24 |
Family
ID=51544557
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410249478.8A Pending CN104056447A (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Box game machine device based on Arduino single chip microcomputer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104056447A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110743157A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-04 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Intelligence development game machine based on liquid metal printing circuit |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002346189A (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-03 | Fuji Shoji:Kk | Pinball game machine |
| ES2184611B1 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-08-16 | Jose Plaza Miranzo | FRAUD DETECTION SYSTEM IN RECREATIONAL MACHINES. |
| JP2004267389A (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-30 | Daiman:Kk | Control board of game machine |
| US20100133746A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-03 | Throwmotion | System and Method For Providing A Table Game |
| CN102179045A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2011-09-14 | 湖北中网科技有限公司 | Intelligent electronic stratego |
| CN202637946U (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-01-02 | 马龙 | Operation controller of electronic game |
-
2014
- 2014-05-29 CN CN201410249478.8A patent/CN104056447A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2184611B1 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-08-16 | Jose Plaza Miranzo | FRAUD DETECTION SYSTEM IN RECREATIONAL MACHINES. |
| JP2002346189A (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-03 | Fuji Shoji:Kk | Pinball game machine |
| JP2004267389A (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-30 | Daiman:Kk | Control board of game machine |
| US20100133746A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-03 | Throwmotion | System and Method For Providing A Table Game |
| CN102179045A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2011-09-14 | 湖北中网科技有限公司 | Intelligent electronic stratego |
| CN202637946U (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-01-02 | 马龙 | Operation controller of electronic game |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110743157A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-04 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Intelligence development game machine based on liquid metal printing circuit |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3495028B1 (en) | Information processing device, information processing method, and information medium | |
| CN201519461U (en) | Multifunctional table-type digital amusement machine | |
| CN106310678A (en) | Intelligent building block system and control method thereof | |
| JP2002041206A (en) | Image display method | |
| CN101219266A (en) | Sound control device of running device | |
| JP2011024693A (en) | Lever input device | |
| CN104056447A (en) | Box game machine device based on Arduino single chip microcomputer | |
| Ensslin | Computer gaming | |
| CN102228741A (en) | Full-automatic chess game table | |
| KR101163545B1 (en) | basketball game apparatus | |
| CN205521446U (en) | Robot is played to wooden drum | |
| KR20120105845A (en) | Game machine for feeling high altitude thrill using virtual reality | |
| JP2015167776A (en) | Game machine | |
| CN206325202U (en) | Animal Big Ben Pinball machine | |
| CN206400696U (en) | A kind of bicycle speed runs game machine | |
| JP2010026903A (en) | Image generation device, game machine and image generation program | |
| JP2008229000A (en) | Image generator, game machine and program | |
| JP2000300753A (en) | Game machine | |
| CN201006238Y (en) | Voice control device of treadmill | |
| CN206249649U (en) | Virtual navigation simulated training system based on motion sensing control device | |
| Thomasson | Retrogaming | |
| CN202211994U (en) | Hamster-stamping popular science game device | |
| CN208003419U (en) | Animal house recreational machine | |
| CN205379653U (en) | Child game machine | |
| CN207352806U (en) | A kind of aircraft carrier experience apparatus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20140924 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |