CN104048849A - Method and device for water-sediment interface in-situ sampling and fixing - Google Patents
Method and device for water-sediment interface in-situ sampling and fixing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104048849A CN104048849A CN201310080310.4A CN201310080310A CN104048849A CN 104048849 A CN104048849 A CN 104048849A CN 201310080310 A CN201310080310 A CN 201310080310A CN 104048849 A CN104048849 A CN 104048849A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for water-sediment interface in-situ sampling and fixing. The device is supported by a self-gravity sediment column sampling support and comprises a sediment column sampling pipe and a liquid nitrogen refrigeration system. The sediment column sampling pipe comprises an inner sampling pipe and an outer liquid-nitrogen refrigeration chamber, and the liquid-nitrogen refrigeration chamber, a liquid-nitrogen input pipe, a unidirectional nitrogen discharge valve, and a self-pressurization-type liquid nitrogen tank form the liquid nitrogen refrigeration system. The sediment column sampling pipe is put into the self-gravity sediment column sampling support and is connected to the liquid nitrogen refrigeration system, when the water-sediment interface enters into the refrigeration chamber of the sampling pipe, the self-pressurization-type liquid nitrogen tank is started and fixes a sediment column, after the sediment column is fixed, the sampler is taken out of water surface, lake water is added into the refrigeration chamber, the solid sediment column slips out of the sampling pipe, and the sediment column is subjected to refrigeration preservation and transport. The method prevents deposit structure disturbance in sampling and transport adopting the conventional method and is convenient for secondary sampling analysis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Study of Water Environment field, relate to a kind of sediment sampling method, particularly in-situ acquisition Water-sediment interface the fixing method of sampling and device.
Background technology
River, lake water-sediment interface hole carry out the passage of mass exchange as sediment and overlying water, the architectural characteristics such as its pore size, interconnectedness, tortuosity greatly affect the material diffusion flux of Water-sediment interface, significant to the biogeochemical cycle of pollutant.Water-sediment interface is very easy to be disturbed in sampling and transportation.From gravity column sampling pipe method, be can the sedimental method of less disturbance in current existing sediment sampling method, the sedimentary column after collection be transported to laboratory and is carried out subsequent treatment.The following problem of this method of sampling: the degree of depth that gathers sedimentary column is uncertain, transportation median surface structure can be received impact, the sample collecting is difficult to carry out secondary sample in the situation that of not disturbance, cannot obtain undisturbed sediment interfacial structure by follow-up X ray computer tomography, electron-microscope scanning analytical technology.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome sampling and to transport to process the problem to sediment structural perturbation, facilitate the analysis of sample secondary sample, the invention provides the fixing method and apparatus of a set of Water-sediment interface in situ sampling, can realize and lacking in the sedimental situation of disturbance as far as possible, positioning acquisition Water-sediment interface is also fixed, and reduces accumulation disturbance and facilitates secondary sample.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: rely on from gravity sedimentary column sampling support design sedimentary column sampling pipe (comprising inner sample collection tube and external refrigerating system chamber) and liquid nitrogen frozen system (auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container, freezing chamber, liquid nitrogen input pipe, unidirectional nitrogen exhaust valve).Concrete operations are that sampling pipe is put into sampling support connecting fluid chilled nitrogen system, sampling pipe is put under water, when Water-sediment interface enters after the freezing chamber scope of sampling pipe, open fixedly sedimentary column of auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container, after sedimentary column is fixing, sampling thief is taken out to the water surface, realize the in situ sampling of Water-sediment interface and fix.Core technology scheme is sedimentary column sampling pipe and liquid nitrogen frozen system.
Sampling pipe design comprises inner sample collection tube and external refrigerating system chamber two parts.Inner sample collection tube is the irony pipe that diameter is little, wall is thin, and key index is diameter and wall thickness.Tube wall is thinner, and to guarantee that tube wall accounts for sedimentary column sample diameter ratio less, and reducing tube wall affect sedimental extruding, in assurance sampling process, does not destroy sediment structure; The generation of lattice in refrigerating process, by the efficiency of iron pipe heat conduction to sedimentary column sample cryofixation, is reduced in the less assurance external refrigerating system of iron pipe diameter chamber, and guaranteeing does not affect sediment structure in sample fixation procedure.External refrigerating system chamber is the heatpiston's pipe (having vacuum interlayer) that is looped around inner sample collection tube external wall of upper portion, has liquid nitrogen import and outlet, and key index is the position of freezing chamber and the position that volume, liquid nitrogen are imported and exported.It is inwall that freezing chamber be take sampling pipe (sampling pipe top 2/3 scope), and the liquid nitrogen by freezing chamber sees through iron pipe and sedimentary column carries out quick heat crossover fixation sedimentary column; Except inwall, the material of freezing chamber is heatpiston's pipe, guarantees only by the sedimentary column in iron pipe and sampling pipe, to carry out heat interchange after liquid nitrogen enters cavity, and the water and sediment outside sampling pipe is not had to heat interchange, improves liquid nitrogen utilization factor; Freezing chamber thickness is thicker, guarantee on the one hand larger volume and then improve freezing efficiency, inner portion's sampling pipe bottom 1/3 nascent freezing chamber thickness in position increases resistance on the other hand, guarantees the scope that Water-sediment interface position contacts with liquid nitrogen chamber in inside deposition post collection tube.Liquid nitrogen import is in freezing chamber bottom, and outlet is on freezing chamber top.
Original position liquid nitrogen frozen system comprises auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container, liquid nitrogen intake line, sampling pipe external refrigerating system chamber and spring loaded check valve.Auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container is placed on ship, and liquid nitrogen is pumped into refrigeration system; Liquid nitrogen intake line is the heat insulation material of resistance to compression, and guaranteeing under certain hydraulic pressure also can unobstructed conveying liquid nitrogen, and in course of conveying, reduces thermal losses; Sampling pipe external refrigerating system chamber is mainly used in the sedimentary column of freezing sampling pipe inside; Spring loaded check valve is positioned at the liquid nitrogen outlet in sampling pipe external refrigerating system chamber, guarantees that the nitrogen of heat interchange generation can be discharged in time, avoids water to enter refrigeration system simultaneously.The common liquid nitrogen frozen system forming of these assemblies is opened sedimentary column in fixed sample pipe after Water-sediment interface enters sampling pipe.
Advantage of the present invention and effect: can positioning acquisition Water-sediment interface, make interface be positioned at liquid nitrogen frozen region, reduce the poor efficiency of bringing because interface location is uncertain freezing; Can gather in position and fixing Water-sediment interface, avoid the disturbance to Sediment Interface structure in sampling and transportation; Sedimentary column after freezing is difficult for change structure when secondary sample.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is front elevation, vertical view and the sectional view of sedimentary column sampling pipe.
Fig. 2 is from gravity sedimentary column sampling support figure.
Fig. 3 is fixedly schematic diagram of Water-sediment interface sampling original position.
In figure: 1-sedimentary column sampling pipe, 2-liquid nitrogen input hole, 3-nitrogen exhaust opening, 4-heatpiston pipe (containing vacuum interlayer), 5-external refrigerating system chamber, 6-iron pipe, 7-sampling pipe, 8-sampling pipe securing rod, 9-sampling pipe lock bracket, 10-falope ring, 11-sampling pipe support, 12-gravity ring, the unidirectional blockade lid of 13-, 14-Water-sediment interface, 15-liquid nitrogen.
Embodiment
Design sedimentary column sampling pipe: iron pipe (6) is nested with heatpiston's pipe (4), guarantee freezing chamber impermeability, in heatpiston's pipe (4) lower end, liquid nitrogen input hole (2) is set, upper end arranges nitrogen exhaust opening (3), guarantees the pipeline impermeability in liquid nitrogen frozen system.
Assembling sampling apparatus: open sampling pipe securing rod (8), sedimentary column sampling pipe (1) is inserted from gravity sedimentary column sampling support, close sampling pipe securing rod (8), by lock bracket (9) extruding falope ring (10), fixedly sedimentary column sampling pipe (1).The liquid nitrogen input pipe of auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container is received to the liquid nitrogen input hole (2) of sedimentary column sampling pipe (1), spring loaded check valve is received to the nitrogen exhaust opening (3) of sedimentary column sampling pipe (1).
Sedimentary column sampling: put into water from gravity sedimentary column sampling thief by what assemble, sampling pipe under the effect of gravity ring (12) (7) vertically inserts in sediment, Water-sediment interface (14) enters iron pipe (6) and arrives behind freezing chamber (5) lower end, heatpiston pipe (4) lower end and gravity ring (12) lower end have started drag effect, and position can be excessively not dark in sampling pipe (1) to make Water-sediment interface (14).
Sedimentary column is fixed: after sampling thief stops declining, open auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container, liquid nitrogen starts to enter freezing chamber (5) by liquid nitrogen input hole (2), in freezing chamber, liquid nitrogen (15) is owing to becoming nitrogen with the interior sediment of iron pipe (6) (14) heat interchange, after reaching certain pressure, by nitrogen exhaust opening (3), discharge nitrogen, spring loaded check valve guarantees that water can not pour in down a chimney and enter freezing chamber.
Sedimentary column sampling: close liquid nitrogen valve after 5 minutes, sampling thief is left the water, unload spring loaded check valve, from taking down sampling pipe from gravity sedimentary column sampling support.Keep flat sampling pipe (1), inject the lake water of freezing chamber 1/3 volume from nitrogen exhaust opening (3), block liquid nitrogen input hole (2), the sampling pipe (1) 2 week of rolling rapidly, melts iron pipe (6) and sample (14) contact site.Sampling pipe (1) is erect, and freezing water-sediment post (14) landing under Action of Gravity Field, puts into household freezer by water-sediment post (14) and preserves transportation, is directly used in and analyzes or carry out secondary cut and get.
Claims (5)
1. the method and apparatus that Water-sediment interface in situ sampling is fixing, it is characterized in that by sedimentary column sampling pipe (comprising freezing chamber and sampling pipe) and liquid nitrogen frozen system (freezing chamber and liquid nitrogen input pipe, unidirectional nitrogen exhaust valve), on gravity sedimentary column sampling support, carrying out in-situ acquisition Water-sediment interface fixing.
2. according to claim 1, sedimentary column sampling pipe feature is that sample collection length of tube is greater than freezing chamber, freezing chamber is positioned at the outside on sampling pipe top, freezing chamber reference position is not higher than sampling pipe support gravity ring position, liquid nitrogen input hole is positioned at freezing chamber lower end, and nitrogen exhaust opening is positioned at freezing chamber upper end.
3. according to claim 1, it is characterized in that sampling pipe diameter is less than 3cm, freezing chamber external diameter equals the lock bracket internal diameter of sampling pipe support.
4. according to claim 1, freezing chamber outer wall is instlated tubular, and sampling pipe outer wall is the material that thermal conductivity is good.
5. according to claim 1, Water-sediment interface is opened fixedly sedimentary column of liquid nitrogen frozen system after entering the freezing chamber scope of sampling pipe, after sedimentary column is fixing, sampling thief is taken out to the water surface, in freezing chamber, adds water to take out solid deposited post.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310080310.4A CN104048849A (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | Method and device for water-sediment interface in-situ sampling and fixing |
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| CN201310080310.4A CN104048849A (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | Method and device for water-sediment interface in-situ sampling and fixing |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105691557A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-22 | 舟山巨洋技术开发有限公司 | Unmanned exploration ship |
| CN107764586A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-06 | 河海大学 | Vertical freezing sampling apparatus and its application method |
| CN109762730A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-17 | 无锡海核装备科技有限公司 | A kind of biology freezing storage device |
| CN110208054A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-06 | 长江大学 | A kind of deposition simulated interior structure restoration methods |
| CN111189673A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-05-22 | 河海大学 | Water-sand interface water sample sampling system and sampling method thereof |
| CN112697493A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Undisturbed sampling sediment in-situ repair simulation device and method |
| CN112903335A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 中山大学 | Viscoelastic-plastic material automatic acquisition device |
| CN113309478A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所 | Freezing system of boring that is fit for operation on water and ice |
| CN114431197A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-06 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) | Marine benthos in-situ fixing system and method |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105691557A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-22 | 舟山巨洋技术开发有限公司 | Unmanned exploration ship |
| CN107764586A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-06 | 河海大学 | Vertical freezing sampling apparatus and its application method |
| CN109762730A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-17 | 无锡海核装备科技有限公司 | A kind of biology freezing storage device |
| CN110208054A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-06 | 长江大学 | A kind of deposition simulated interior structure restoration methods |
| CN111189673A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-05-22 | 河海大学 | Water-sand interface water sample sampling system and sampling method thereof |
| CN111189673B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-08-31 | 河海大学 | Water-sand interface water sample sampling system and sampling method thereof |
| CN112697493A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Undisturbed sampling sediment in-situ repair simulation device and method |
| CN112697493B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-12-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Undisturbed sampling sediment in-situ repair simulation device and method |
| CN112903335A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 中山大学 | Viscoelastic-plastic material automatic acquisition device |
| CN113309478A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所 | Freezing system of boring that is fit for operation on water and ice |
| CN114431197A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-06 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) | Marine benthos in-situ fixing system and method |
| CN114431197B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-11-04 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) | Marine benthos in-situ fixing system and method |
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