CN104040744B - 在二硼化镁导体之间形成接头的方法 - Google Patents

在二硼化镁导体之间形成接头的方法 Download PDF

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CN104040744B
CN104040744B CN201280067106.2A CN201280067106A CN104040744B CN 104040744 B CN104040744 B CN 104040744B CN 201280067106 A CN201280067106 A CN 201280067106A CN 104040744 B CN104040744 B CN 104040744B
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穆哈迈德.拉克里米
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    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/68—Connections to or between superconductive connectors
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    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
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    • H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
    • H01B12/06—Films or wires on bases or cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • H10N60/0856—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising metal borides, e.g. MgB2
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在超导导线的MgB2细丝间形成接头的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：从待连接的导线中暴露出MgB2细丝；将MgB2细丝暴露在熔炉内的镁粉和硼粉的混合物之中；以及在超过或约540℃的温度将MgB2细丝与镁和硼的粉末压制在一起。在熔炉内提供钛并且钛优先捕获熔炉内存在的氧气。

Description

在二硼化镁导体之间形成接头的方法
二硼化镁(MgB2)用作例如作为导线中细丝的超导体，该导线用来制造用于如MRI系统的成像系统的超导磁体。必须低温冷却所述导线以便使其变成超导的。
已发现的是，难以在MgB2细丝间制造合适的接头。该接头要么即使处于运行温度下也不能变成超导的，要么处于不合格的低背景磁场强度时或当流过超出不合格的低阈值的电流时，变为电阻性的(resistive)(被称为“骤冷(quenching)”)。
在LI等人的“High critical current joint of MgB2tapes using Mg and Bpowder mixture as flux”；Superconductor Science Technology；Vol.21；No.2；250172008-02-01pp.1-5；ISSN:0953-2048；XP020128600.中描述了用于接合MgB2导线的公知方法。
用于形成MgB2接头的典型的已知方法包括：从待连接的导线中暴露出MgB2细丝，将它们压制在一起，以及在超过或约540℃的温度、真空下将其暴露在熔炉内模具中的镁粉和硼粉中以除气。混合并压制所述粉末以最大化所得到的MgB2接头的密度。例如，可用2～30吨的重量来压实该粉末。压实的目的是防止所得到的接头变成多孔的，多孔会降低该接头的有效性。选择稍低于镁或硼熔点的温度，以使该粉末实际上不会熔化，但可被有效地压实。高温确保生成MgB2的反应以合理的速率进行。
这种方法使得MgB2沉积在细丝上，从而提供从一根导线的细丝至另一根导线的细丝的含MgB2的接头。在可替代的方法中，在热处理步骤期间可保持压力，或者在热处理步骤之前，一旦粉末已经被压实就可释放压力。
在这样的制备方法中，所述粉末通常由直径约25μm的颗粒组成。在热处理步骤期间，Mg和B一起反应从而在Mg颗粒的表面形成约2～5μm厚的MgB2层。在经接合导线的MgB2细丝之间的超导性通过这些MgB2表面层来实现。压实步骤是必需的以确保颗粒处于紧密接触，旨在提供有效的传导路径。在Mg或B熔点以下的温度但在使生成MgB2的反应以合理的速率进行的足够高的温度下实施所述热处理。
在典型的MgB2超导导线中，设置有数根MgB2芯，每根芯都被包覆在例如铁、或铌、或MONEL(RTM)合金层的保护层中。然后将经包覆的芯封装在外侧的铜中以提供机械强度和在骤冷的情形下MgB2芯中可替代的电通路。护套是必要的以防止MgB2芯与外侧的铜反应和在导线的制造过程中增加芯的机械强度。已知MgB2是脆性的，并如果MgB2被过度弯曲就会碎裂。
常规的接合方法已经包括从芯中剥离保护层。然后，如上所述的，将暴露后的芯放置在含镁和硼的粉末的模具中用于接头。任选地，不剥离保护层，而是以较小的角度(例如2°～5°)切割或刮削细丝以在相对大的表面区域内暴露出芯，其中每根细丝都包含MgB2芯和保护层。在实施例中，在约40mm的长度范围暴露出芯。然后，将这些细丝放置在如上所述的含镁和硼的粉末的模具中。
尽管理论上诱人，但这种MgB2持久性(persistent)接头已经被证明是非常难以实现的。限制因素之一在于在接头的沉积MgB2中所发现的一定量氧化镁。已经发现受氧化镁污染的接头是非持久性的，也就是说，即使背景磁场为0T，也不是超导性的。
据认为，从来自应用于该方法的镁粉中存在的氧化镁和也可能来自熔炉本身结构脱去的氧气进入真空熔炉。氧化镁MgO分解成镁和氧气的温度远低于根据本文所述的方法通常用来形成MgB2的温度。
接合MgB2导线的常规方法包括以下步骤：
-暴露待连接的每根导线中的至少一根MgB2细丝；
-将暴露后的MgB2细丝放置于模具中；
-将镁和硼的粉末加入模具中；
-机械压制模具中的粉末；以及
-热处理所述细丝和粉末以制造在已接合导线的细丝之间延伸的MgB2接头。
本发明涉及上述最后步骤。在热处理步骤的过程中，熔炉内的任何游离氧气都可能和镁粉反应生成MgO或复合的镁-硼-氧化物(complex magnesium-boron-oxid)。
相应地，本发明涉及一种用于制造MgB2导体间的超导接头的方法，如附加权利要求中所定义的。
本发明提供一种用于在MgB2导体之间形成接头的方法，其中在形成接头的同时从熔炉内的氛围中有效地除去氧气，如附加的权利要求中所定义的。
根据本发明的方法，在形成接头的同时，在熔炉内提供钛，优选料粒(pellet)形式的钛。钛充当氧气的吸气剂(getter)，并且可能存在于熔炉中的任何氧气会优先被钛捕获从而变成氧化钛，而不会与镁反应。将钛放置于紧邻接头模具处，从而从接头中快速且有效地除去氧气。钛对游离氧气的捕获避免了氧化镁对接头的任何污染，从而形成了对背景磁场强度和电流密度的相当耐受的持久性MgB2接头。
该方法的其余阶段未有改变。本发明的方法可应用于在接合过程期间保持机械压力的装置中，或者应用于在接合期间中释放机械压力的装置中。
可通过真空泵对熔炉抽空(evacuate)，优选抽空至10-7巴(0.01Pa)的数量级，或者该熔炉可设置有惰性气体冲洗装置(inert flush arrangement)以减少需要由钛捕获的氧气量。
相应地，本发明提供钛料粒应用于捕获在热处理镁和硼的粉末过程可能出现的任何氧气以实现用于MgB2导线接合的MgB2的形成。优选地，提供高真空泵用于抽空所述熔炉。剩余的氧会优先被钛捕获，从而避免形成氧化镁。

Claims (5)

1.在超导导线的MgB2细丝之间形成接头的方法，包括以下步骤：
-从待接合的导线中暴露出MgB2细丝；
-使MgB2细丝暴露于熔炉内的镁粉和硼粉的混合物；
-将MgB2细丝与镁和硼的粉末压制在一起；以及
-加热所述MgB2细丝与镁和硼的粉末，
其特征在于，在熔炉内提供钛并且所述钛捕获存在于熔炉内的氧气，从而从所述接头中除去氧气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在加热步骤过程中保持压制步骤过程中所施加的压力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在加热处理步骤之前，一旦已经压实所述粉末就释放在压制步骤过程中所施加的压力。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中以料粒的形式提供所述钛。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在实施所述方法的同时，通过真空泵抽空所述熔炉。
CN201280067106.2A 2012-01-20 2012-11-16 在二硼化镁导体之间形成接头的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN104040744B (zh)

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