CN104029257A - Manufacturing method of wood-fiber directional laminated veneer lumber - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of wood-fiber directional laminated veneer lumber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104029257A CN104029257A CN201410277936.9A CN201410277936A CN104029257A CN 104029257 A CN104029257 A CN 104029257A CN 201410277936 A CN201410277936 A CN 201410277936A CN 104029257 A CN104029257 A CN 104029257A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- veneer
- lumber
- mould
- square stock
- veneers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A manufacturing method of wood-fiber directional laminated veneer lumber includes the steps: 1, preparing raw veneers; 2, gluing and ageing the raw veneers; 3, drying the glued veneers; 4, curing the veneers; 5, directionally laying the veneers; 6, die-pressing lumber; 7, solidifying the lumber; 8, stripping the lumber; 9, cropping the lumber; 10, curing the lumber; 11, performing post-treatment. The manufacturing method has the advantages that waste veneers can be utilized, resources of raw materials are numerous, cost is saved, the problem that large thickness laminated veneer lumber is difficult to manufacture is solved effectively, the surface of each board and a core glue layer are solidified evenly, the lumber has stable performance superior to solid hardwood, the solid hardwood can be completely replaced with the lumber, the manufacturing process is simple, production efficiency is high, and the manufacturing method is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of timber square stock, the manufacture method of the directed laminated veneer lumber square bar of especially a kind of wood-fibred.
Background technology
china's Forest Resources is poor, and therefore wood supply anxiety, utilizes discarded timber resources to seem particularly important.Laminated veneer lumber is the thick veneer with rotary-cut, through applying glue, rift grain assembly, exert pressure gummed and a kind of new material of obtaining, can be used as structural lumber, also can be used as the interior decoration materials such as furniture.But the time that laminated veneer lumber is introduced to the market is at present not long, output is still very little, wherein very large reason is because its thickness of laminated veneer lumber of existing technical method manufacture is less, generally be difficult to exceed 30mm, owing to adopting, existing hot-pressing technique diabatic process is too slow, production efficiency is low, and the phenomenons such as sandwich layer cracking easily occur while suppressing large thickness sheet material, and sheet material bonding strength is inadequate.
" a kind of method with making non-formaldehyde laminated veneer lumber from gum wood " a kind of manufacture method without aldehyde laminated veneer lumber is disclosed, by Eucalyptus veneer is carried out to soften handled, substantially discharged the inherent strain of Eucalyptus veneer, simultaneously by scientific and reasonable assemble pattern, solution is made laminated veneer lumber with Eucalyptus and is easily occurred buckling deformation problem, and adhesive adopts the timber of formaldehydeless base composite modified starch adhesive, make the formaldehydeless release of Eucalyptus laminated veneer lumber, become environmentally friendly product." quick growing species of trees laminated veneer lumber manufacture method " of CN 102615681 discloses a kind of laminated veneer lumber manufacture method that adopts high temperature heat cure manufacturing process in preheating in cold moudling, kiln, kiln.
existing method has three drawbacks, one, and the higher meeting of actual pavement material exceedes the height of mould, do not adopt precompressed to be difficult to realize, its two, hot setting in the kiln of employing, it not continous way, in disposable airtight kiln the inside, substantially belong to cold enter cold go out, efficiency is low, they are three years old, the solidification temperature difference of kiln, is generally 70-100 DEG C, the long aging phenomenon that easily occurs of time.
Summary of the invention
technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the directed laminated veneer lumber square bar of a kind of wood-fibred manufacture method.
solving the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme is:
the directed laminated veneer lumber square bar of this wood-fibred manufacture method is carried out as follows:
(1) preparation of raw material veneer: after fast growing wood log cooking is softening, on peeler, be peeled into former veneer, or the discarded veneer of collection plywood making generation, the veneer of cut growth (600-2500) mm × wide (100-300) mm × thick (1.5-3) mm specification again, free of bark, not mouldy, pollute without resin canal and oiliness on surface, moisture content≤10%;
(2) applying glue of raw material veneer and ageing; With phenolic resin glue or urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or cyanurotriamide modified resin glue, adopt impregnation or roll coating model gluing, the impregnation time is 10-20min, and resin added is 5-15%, and digestion time is 1～5h;
(3) oven dry of applying glue veneer; Employing net belt type dry, heat transfer medium temperature is 40-60 DEG C, dry to impregnation Veneer moisture be 10%-25%;
(4) veneer health: after will applying glue veneer drying, put into warehouse or balance room, temperature in 10-50 DEG C, health 2-7 days;
(5) veneer orienting spreading; According to the design specification of laminated veneer lumber square bar and density, quantitatively take veneer, by longitudinally direction along the grain of veneer, parallel stacking in feeder equipment layer by layer, feeder equipment pushes the raw material paving in cold press, builds cover plate on material;
(6) square stock mold pressing; Cold press is by material press-in die, and the inside dimension of mould is long (600-2500) mm × wide (100-300) mm × height (100-300) mm; Pressing cycle: 1～3min, progressive die two ends beat out neatly, and pressure head is pressed onto behind position, and shop bolt is squeezed into locking hole on mould locking cover plate, and mould is pulled out to cold press, mould is pinned with screw rod;
(7) square stock solidifies; Solidify the long 40-60 rice in tunnel, tunnel divides four curing area, 1 district temperature 100-120 DEG C, and 2 district temperature 115-130 DEG C, 3 district temperature 120-135 DEG C, 4 district temperature 110-125 DEG C slowly advance, total time 8-13h; Curing process adopts continous way charging and discharge method;
(8) the square stock demoulding: mould, from being cooled to after 40 ± 2 DEG C, is dismantled pin and bolt, the mold demoulding;
(9) square stock tack: sawing amount in square stock two ends is equally cut to butt end;
(10) square stock health: by smooth square stock gravity-flow ventilation place, the conditioned time: 7 days winters, 15 days summers of being stacked in;
(11) post processing: fixed thick, fixed width, cut, quality inspection, packaging.
the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: mould is placed in to cold press, and quantitative taking the method paving, be pressed in mould with cold-press process, dry with continuous tunnel, heat enter cold go out, efficiency is high, the solidification temperature of kiln is 100-130 DEG C, and glue-line stable performance is not easy to produce aging phenomenon.
adopt this method, raw material sources are wide, can utilize discarded veneer, save cost, efficiently solve the problem of manufacturing the laminated veneer lumber difficulty that thickness is large, plate surface and sandwich layer curable adhesive layer are even, square bar stable performance and be better than solid wood hardwood, can replace solid wood hardwood completely, and manufacturing process is simple, production efficiency is high, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
detailed description of the invention
the present invention is below described in further detail in conjunction with the embodiments:
embodiment 1
the directed laminated veneer lumber square bar of this wood-fibred manufacture is carried out as follows:
(1) preparation of raw material veneer: after Eucalyptus log cooking is softening, on peeler, be peeled into former veneer, former veneer is cut into raw material veneer as required, raw material specification of the Board is long 2000mm × wide 150mm × thick 2mm, free of bark, without mouldy, pollute without resin canal and oiliness on surface, moisture content≤10%;
(2) applying glue of raw material veneer and ageing; Adopt impregnation pond impregnation to apply phenolic resin glue, the impregnation time is 15min, and resin added is 10%, and digestion time is 1.5h;
(3) oven dry of applying glue veneer; Employing net belt type is dried, and heat transfer medium temperature is 50 DEG C, dries to impregnation Veneer moisture in 15% scope;
(4) veneer health: put into balance room after will applying glue veneer drying, temperature is at 30 DEG C, health 5 days;
(5) veneer orienting spreading; According to the design specification of laminated veneer lumber square bar and density, quantitatively take veneer, by veneer cis-position direction, parallel stacking in feeder equipment layer by layer, feeder equipment pushes the raw material paving in cold press, builds cover plate on material;
(6) square stock mold pressing; Cold press is by material press-in die, and the inside dimension of mould is long 2000mm × wide 150mm × high 300mm; Pressing cycle: 3min, progressive die two ends beat out neatly, and pressure head is pressed onto behind position, and shop bolt is squeezed into locking hole on mould locking cover plate, and mould is pulled out to cold press, mould is pinned with screw rod, prevents the horizontal expanded by heating distortion of mould;
(7) square stock solidifies; Solidify long 50 meters of tunnel, tunnel divides four curing area, 1 120 DEG C of district's temperature, and 2 130 DEG C of district's temperature, 3 135 DEG C of district's temperature, 4 120 DEG C of district's temperature are slowly advanced, total time 10h; Curing process adopts continous way charging and discharging, to enhance productivity;
(8) the square stock demoulding: mould, from being cooled to 40 DEG C, is dismantled pin and bolt, the mold demoulding;
(9) square stock tack: sawing amount in square stock two ends is equally cut to butt end;
(10) square stock health: by smooth square stock gravity-flow ventilation place, the conditioned time: 7 days winters, 15 days summers of being stacked in;
(11) post processing: fixed thick, fixed width, cut, quality inspection, packaging.
the directed laminated veneer lumber square bar of Eucalyptus wood-fibred performance after compacting is: density 0.95g/cm3,24 hours expansion rate of water absorption 5.3%, MOR 75Mpa, elastic modelling quantity 24000Mpa, moisture content 12%, the properties of product regulation requirement in GB/T20241-2006 " laminated veneer lumber " that is up to state standards, this material can be used as structure material (as engineering construction house beam) and non-structure material (as interior decoration).
embodiment 2
(1) preparation of raw material veneer: after poplar log cooking is softening, on peeler, be peeled into former veneer, former veneer is cut into raw material veneer as required, raw material specification of the Board is long 2500mm × wide 150mm × thick 1.5mm, free of bark, without mouldy, pollute without resin canal and oiliness on surface, moisture content≤10%;
(2) applying glue of raw material veneer and ageing; Adopt impregnation pond impregnation to apply phenolic resin glue, the impregnation time is 20min, and resin added is 20%, and digestion time is 1.5h;
(3) oven dry of applying glue veneer; Employing net belt type is dried, and heat transfer medium temperature is 50 DEG C, dries to impregnation Veneer moisture in 10% scope;
(4) veneer health: put into balance room after will applying glue veneer drying, temperature is at 40 DEG C, health 4 days;
(5) veneer orienting spreading; According to the design specification of laminated veneer lumber square bar and density, quantitatively take veneer, by veneer cis-position direction, parallel stacking in feeder equipment layer by layer, feeder equipment pushes the raw material paving in cold press, builds cover plate on material;
(6) square stock mold pressing; Cold press is by material press-in die, and the inside dimension of mould is long 2500mm × wide 150mm × high 300mm; Pressing cycle: 3min, progressive die two ends beat out neatly, and pressure head is pressed onto behind position, and shop bolt is squeezed into locking hole on mould locking cover plate, and mould is pulled out to cold press, mould is pinned with screw rod, prevents the horizontal expanded by heating distortion of mould;
(7) square stock solidifies; Solidify long 50 meters of tunnel, tunnel divides four curing area, 1 120 DEG C of district's temperature, and 2 130 DEG C of district's temperature, 3 135 DEG C of district's temperature, 4 120 DEG C of district's temperature are slowly advanced, total time 10h; Curing process adopts continous way charging and discharging, to enhance productivity;
(8) the square stock demoulding: mould, from being cooled to 42 DEG C, is dismantled pin and bolt, the mold demoulding;
(9) square stock tack: sawing amount in square stock two ends is equally cut to butt end;
(10) square stock health: by smooth square stock gravity-flow ventilation place, the conditioned time: 7 days winters, 15 days summers of being stacked in;
(11) post processing: fixed thick, fixed width, cut, quality inspection, packaging.
the directed laminated veneer lumber square bar of poplar wood-fibred performance after compacting is: density 1.05g/cm3,24 hours expansion rate of water absorption 3.8%, MOR 79Mpa, elastic modelling quantity 27500Mpa, moisture content 9.6%, the properties of product regulation requirement in GB/T20241-2006 " laminated veneer lumber " that is up to state standards, this material can be used as structure material (as engineering construction house beam) and non-structure material (as interior decoration).
Claims (1)
1. the directed laminated veneer lumber square bar of a wood-fibred manufacture method, is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) preparation of raw material veneer: after fast growing wood log cooking is softening, on peeler, be peeled into former veneer, or the discarded veneer of collection plywood making generation, the veneer of cut growth (600-2500) mm × wide (100-300) mm × thick (1.5-3) mm specification again, free of bark, not mouldy, pollute without resin canal and oiliness on surface, moisture content≤10%;
(2) applying glue of raw material veneer and ageing; With phenolic resin glue or urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or cyanurotriamide modified resin glue, adopt impregnation or roll coating model gluing, the impregnation time is 10-20min, and resin added is 5-15%, and digestion time is 1～5h;
(3) oven dry of applying glue veneer; Employing net belt type dry, heat transfer medium temperature is 40-60 DEG C, dry to impregnation Veneer moisture be 10%-25%;
(4) veneer health: after will applying glue veneer drying, put into warehouse or balance room, temperature in 10-50 DEG C, health 2-7 days;
(5) veneer orienting spreading; According to the design specification of laminated veneer lumber square bar and density, quantitatively take veneer, by longitudinally direction along the grain of veneer, parallel stacking in feeder equipment layer by layer, feeder equipment pushes the raw material paving in cold press, builds cover plate on material;
(6) square stock mold pressing; Cold press is by material press-in die, and the inside dimension of mould is long (600-2500) mm × wide (100-300) mm × height (100-300) mm; Pressing cycle: 1～3min, progressive die two ends beat out neatly, and pressure head is pressed onto behind position, and shop bolt is squeezed into locking hole on mould locking cover plate, and mould is pulled out to cold press, mould is pinned with screw rod;
(7) square stock solidifies; Solidify the long 40-60 rice in tunnel, tunnel divides four curing area, 1 district temperature 100-120 DEG C, and 2 district temperature 115-130 DEG C, 3 district temperature 120-135 DEG C, 4 district temperature 110-125 DEG C slowly advance, total time 8-13h; Curing process adopts continous way charging and discharge method;
(8) the square stock demoulding: mould, from being cooled to after 40 ± 2 DEG C, is dismantled pin and bolt, the mold demoulding;
(9) square stock tack: sawing amount in square stock two ends is equally cut to butt end;
(10) square stock health: by smooth square stock gravity-flow ventilation place, the conditioned time: 7 days winters, 15 days summers of being stacked in;
(11) post processing: fixed thick, fixed width, cut, quality inspection, packaging.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410277936.9A CN104029257B (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2014-06-20 | The directed laminated veneer lumber square bar manufacture method of xylon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410277936.9A CN104029257B (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2014-06-20 | The directed laminated veneer lumber square bar manufacture method of xylon |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104029257A true CN104029257A (en) | 2014-09-10 |
| CN104029257B CN104029257B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
Family
ID=51460362
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410277936.9A Active CN104029257B (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2014-06-20 | The directed laminated veneer lumber square bar manufacture method of xylon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104029257B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016054920A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | 四川麦笠机械设备有限公司 | Restructured bamboo or wood automatic production system |
| CN107127839A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-05 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of preparation method of bamboo fibre laminated timber |
| CN107414976A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-01 | 中山市富木木制品有限公司 | A kind of moulding process of sheet |
| CN108582306A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-28 | 宋建平 | Using timber thin veneer as the Scrimber square stock production method of raw material |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5059472A (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1991-10-22 | Oy Partek Ab | Multi-ply wood product |
| JPH09123110A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1997-05-13 | Hokusan Kk | Manufacture of artificial grain veneer or artificial grain plate |
| CN1180604A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-05-06 | 河南农业大学林学系 | Single-panel Laminated timber |
| CN101100086A (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2008-01-09 | 李茂林 | Method for manufacturing high-strength anti-corrosion integrated material |
| CN101181789A (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2008-05-21 | 高晨 | Wood-plastic profiles and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN101830012A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2010-09-15 | 广西大学 | Board reconstructed by bidirectional oriented veneer strips and manufacturing method thereof |
| DE102009021364A1 (en) * | 2009-05-17 | 2010-11-18 | Dieffenbacher Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for producing veneer package during manufacturing laminated veneer lumber, involves moving veneer package to storage device in movement direction, where movement direction is directed against movement of laying device |
| CN102275200A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-12-14 | 浙江永裕竹业股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing bamboo-fiber composite section |
| WO2012034300A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Li Helin | Method for manufacturing laminated wood using wood |
| CN102837347A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-26 | 中南林业科技大学 | Poplar structural engineering material and manufacture method thereof |
| CN103231427A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-07 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | Method for manufacturing high-density board by using soft fast-growing forest trees |
| CN103240786A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-08-14 | 浙江华奔机械制造有限公司 | Process for manufacturing recombined bamboo square materials |
| CN103273552A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-04 | 江西省固欧家居实业有限公司 | Manufacturing method of bamboo sectional material for doors and windows |
-
2014
- 2014-06-20 CN CN201410277936.9A patent/CN104029257B/en active Active
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5059472A (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1991-10-22 | Oy Partek Ab | Multi-ply wood product |
| JPH09123110A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1997-05-13 | Hokusan Kk | Manufacture of artificial grain veneer or artificial grain plate |
| CN1180604A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-05-06 | 河南农业大学林学系 | Single-panel Laminated timber |
| CN101100086A (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2008-01-09 | 李茂林 | Method for manufacturing high-strength anti-corrosion integrated material |
| CN101181789A (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2008-05-21 | 高晨 | Wood-plastic profiles and manufacturing method therefor |
| DE102009021364A1 (en) * | 2009-05-17 | 2010-11-18 | Dieffenbacher Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for producing veneer package during manufacturing laminated veneer lumber, involves moving veneer package to storage device in movement direction, where movement direction is directed against movement of laying device |
| CN101830012A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2010-09-15 | 广西大学 | Board reconstructed by bidirectional oriented veneer strips and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2012034300A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Li Helin | Method for manufacturing laminated wood using wood |
| CN102275200A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-12-14 | 浙江永裕竹业股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing bamboo-fiber composite section |
| CN102837347A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-26 | 中南林业科技大学 | Poplar structural engineering material and manufacture method thereof |
| CN103240786A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-08-14 | 浙江华奔机械制造有限公司 | Process for manufacturing recombined bamboo square materials |
| CN103231427A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-07 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | Method for manufacturing high-density board by using soft fast-growing forest trees |
| CN103273552A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-04 | 江西省固欧家居实业有限公司 | Manufacturing method of bamboo sectional material for doors and windows |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016054920A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | 四川麦笠机械设备有限公司 | Restructured bamboo or wood automatic production system |
| CN107127839A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-05 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of preparation method of bamboo fibre laminated timber |
| CN107414976A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-01 | 中山市富木木制品有限公司 | A kind of moulding process of sheet |
| CN108582306A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-28 | 宋建平 | Using timber thin veneer as the Scrimber square stock production method of raw material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104029257B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100548603C (en) | The manufacture method of high-strength anti-corrosion integrated material | |
| CN101181789B (en) | Wood-plastic profiles and manufacturing method therefor | |
| CN102218758B (en) | High-strength light plate material and manufacture method thereof | |
| CN103878858A (en) | Method for manufacturing formaldehyde-free bamboo and wood fiberboard | |
| CN104029257B (en) | The directed laminated veneer lumber square bar manufacture method of xylon | |
| CN102229170A (en) | Method for manufacturing high-quality poplar composite material | |
| CN102085677A (en) | New process for producing wooden composite material by using waste and used plywood cement templates | |
| CN101066603A (en) | Process of making directional bamboo structure board | |
| CN105034092B (en) | A kind of efficient production method for being cold-pressed Recombined bamboo | |
| CN103934867A (en) | Joint preheating hot-pressing method for continuously forming large-sized scrimber | |
| CN102528861A (en) | Production method and manufacturing process for environmentally-friendly decorative board | |
| US20200139576A1 (en) | Method for Preparing Cold-Pressing Adhesive and Cold-Pressing Processing System for Plant Fiber Boards | |
| CN101712170A (en) | Method for manufacturing mechanical and electrical packaging high-strength laminated veneer lumber | |
| CN104339435A (en) | Hot pressing process for medium density fiberboards | |
| CN104139445B (en) | The manufacture method of indoor glued board or floor base material is glued together without aldehyde | |
| CN208052188U (en) | A kind of novel bamboo compound floor | |
| CN107498656B (en) | Efficient production method of small-diameter wood composite material | |
| CN203331157U (en) | Sandwich structure bamboo and wood composite recombinant structure material | |
| CN101973051A (en) | Production method of poplar laminated veneer lumber composite decorative plate | |
| CN103978537A (en) | One-time formed methanal-free compound panel and processing technique | |
| CN101748881B (en) | Floor and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102001122A (en) | Method for manufacturing structural mould-pressing bamboo/wooden sectional material | |
| CN102581917B (en) | Manufacturing method of scrimber comprising wood wool rod units | |
| CN103817750A (en) | Manufacturing method of reorganized solid board | |
| CN103586943B (en) | OSB (oriented strand board) high-strength composite laminated board and production process thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |