CN103878858A - Method for manufacturing formaldehyde-free bamboo and wood fiberboard - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing formaldehyde-free bamboo and wood fiberboard Download PDFInfo
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- CN103878858A CN103878858A CN201410076627.5A CN201410076627A CN103878858A CN 103878858 A CN103878858 A CN 103878858A CN 201410076627 A CN201410076627 A CN 201410076627A CN 103878858 A CN103878858 A CN 103878858A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a formaldehyde-free bamboo and wood fiberboard. The method is used with a technology for binderless fiberboards and a technology for fiberboards containing formaldehyde-free adhesives, a small number of formaldehyde-free environment-friendly adhesives are added in bamboo and wood fibers, the bamboo and wood fibers are dried and paved into a board blank, and the board blank is preheated in a microwave manner, and then is formed in a hot-pressing manner, so that the bamboo and wood fiberboard is obtained. The thickness of the bamboo and wood fiberboard can reach 5mm-18mm; and the density of the bamboo and wood fiberboard can reach 0.7g/cm(3) to 1.1g/cm(3). Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the production cost can be reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the quality stability of the fiberboard can be improved, and the fiberboard preparation technology has a high application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wood materials deep process technology field, relate in particular to a kind of preparation method without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate.
Background technology
At present, wood-fibred only limits to produce medium density fibre board (MDF) in application, and its production technology is divided into wet method and dry method.Wet processing producd fibers plate need to consume a large amount of water resources, and can cause serious waste water pollution problem, is therefore eliminated.The dry process adopting is now by serial operations such as fiber drying, applying glue, moulding, by the hot-forming wood-fibred medium density fibre board (MDF) that obtains.But apply wood adhesive in this production technology, and wood adhesive more than 90% belongs to three-aldehyde glue (urea aldehyde, phenolic aldehyde and melamine resin) at present, wherein again taking the use amount of urea-formaldehyde glue as maximum, the product that therefore obtains is most of for containing aldehyde fiberboard.The harmful substance such as free formaldehyde, phenol producing in production and use procedure containing aldehyde fiberboard more and more receives people's concern, especially from 2008 the California, USA air resource committee on April 18, (CARB) issued after the noxious material air borne control measure that reduce Wood composite products formaldehyde emissions, specify that the Wood composite products of all CARB of not meeting certifications and the finished product that contains Wood composite products all can not enter American market.This regulation has proposed a great challenge to China and even global artificial board enterprise and furniture enterprise.
Existing solution to the problems described above mainly contains two kinds: the one, adhesive is improved, but the method causes the production cost of adhesive, fiberboard to increase; The 2nd, product is processed, for example, by harmful substances such as the inner formaldehyde of the chemical agent absorbing products such as ammoniacal liquor, phenol, the drawback that this method exists equally to be increased operation, increase production cost, has introduced again new air pollution simultaneously.
Publication number is that the Chinese patent application of CN101058208A discloses a kind of formaldehyde-less fiber board and preparation method thereof, the method adopts and does not contain the vinylacetate of formaldehyde and the mixture of isocyanates as adhesive, the mass fraction ratio of the two is 10 ︰ 1, and the content of adhesive is 250～350kg/m
3, through impregnation, glue mixing, wood fibre is delivered on spreading machine and is mated formation, then through colding pressing in advance, hot-press solidifying makes formaldehyde-less fiber board.This fiberboard has reached formaldehydeless release substantially, and has protection against the tide, waterproof, the advantage such as durable, stable, but needs to add a large amount of synthetic resin in preparation, expensive.
Publication number is that the Chinese patent application of CN102335945A discloses a kind of composite fiber plate and manufacture method, and response type gel carbamic acid resin (polyurethane) and fibrous material are fully mixed to get mixture by the method; Described mixture is put into mould, at normal temperatures described mixture is compressed by high pressure, obtain composite fiber plate.The fiberboard that utilizes the method to make is substantially formaldehydeless, but because simple carbamic acid resin (polyurethane) price is very high, simultaneously in order to meet requirement of strength, use amount is also very large, causes fiberboard price very high.
Publication number is the production method that the Chinese patent application of CN102039623A discloses a kind of glue-free man-made carbonized wood, by moulding wood-fibred in base substrate precompressed, be 3MPa～12MPa at pressure, temperature is 150 DEG C～170 DEG C, temperature retention time is to be hot pressed into molding blank under the condition of 30min～120min, then send in retort and carry out conventional charing processing, carbonization temperature is 180 DEG C～230 DEG C, and carbonization time is 30min～150min.The non-glue fibre board that the method makes is limited to small breadth laboratory test, not yet form the ripe production technology of large format, and carbonization time is long, and production efficiency is low, cannot be applied to actual production.
Publication number is the production method that the Chinese patent application of CN1108988A discloses the glue-free hardboard of a kind of dry method, the method by plant material through separate, dry, do not adding the condition compacted under of cementing agent, hot pressing, in hot pressing, adopt the heat pressing process of three sections of pressurizations, high pressure is 3.4MPa～6.4MPa, low pressure is 0.5MPa～2.0MPa, hot pressing temperature is 180 DEG C～210 DEG C, hot pressing time is high-pressure closing 10s～90s, exhaust 30s～240s, mould and close 30s～240s, thereby make the glue-free hardboard that physical and mechanical property exceedes hardboard national standard seconds.But the maximum nominal thickness size of this glue-free hardboard is no more than 6mm, has greatly limited the practical application of this glue-free hardboard, can not meet the application of high thickness demand.
Publication number is the preparation method that the Chinese patent application of CN103029196A discloses a kind of glue-free high density fiberboard, the method is micron dimension by cross sectional dimensions and the length dimension of controlling wood-fibred, the thickness of controlling wood-fibred is 3～10 μ m, width is 10～50 μ m, length is 0.3～10mm, then through super-dry, mat formation, after precompressed, carry out hot-forming, the wood-fibred of micron dimension cellulose in wood-fibred under HTHP effect in this process, hemicellulose generation physical-chemical reaction produces Furnan products, form adhesivity compound with the lignin with phenolic structure, the adhesive producing by wood-fibred itself is made glue-free wood-fiber board.The weak point of the method is that hot pressing time is longer, and production efficiency is on the low side, if raw material is the wood-fibred that mixes seeds, production technology is difficult to control.
Therefore, existing formaldehyde-less fiber board technology of preparing delays to realize suitability for industrialized production, breaks through existing technical limitations bottleneck, research and development a kind of formaldehydeless, pollution-free, be significant without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate technology of preparing cheaply.
Summary of the invention
The present invention manufactures on basis at existing fiberboard, after a large amount of research practices, find: comprise dry, mat formation in the non-glue fibre board manufacture craft of slab, microwave preheating, the process such as hot-forming, hot pressing makes cellulose in bamboo and woods fiber, hemicellulose generation physical-chemical reaction and produces gunk-squeeze process, thereby provides adhesive source for non-glue fibre board; But, in production application, because the source of fiber mixes, in hot pressing the content of this adhesive of the generation that excites fluctuation larger, cause the non-glue fibre board quality that makes unstable.
For this reason, the inventor finds after exploratory development, when adding the adhesive without aldehyde environmental protection on a small quantity in the manufacture craft at this non-glue fibre board, its content be only fiber quality 1～3.5% time, there is following unforeseeable technique effect:
(1) adhesive of this interpolation has ensured the existence of adhesive in fiber, simultaneously, the adhesive acting in conjunction of the output that excites in the adhesive of this interpolation and hot pressing, effectively improve the quality stability of fiberboard, confirm afterwards after testing to utilize fiberboard that the method makes to meet the regulation of national medium density fibre board (MDF) GB/T11718-2009, compared with existing medium density fibre board (MDF), there is excellent elastic modelling quantity and MOR;
(2) due to the acting in conjunction of adhesive of the output that excites in the adhesive adding and hot pressing, not only make hot pressing temperature significantly reduce, and the temperature retention time in hot pressing is also greatly reduced, thus effectively improve production efficiency, save production cost;
(3) due to the acting in conjunction of adhesive of the output that excites in the adhesive adding and hot pressing; effectively reduce the source requirement to fibrous raw material; for example; the mixing of many seeds wood-fibred, the mixing of many bamboos kind fiber or bamboo fibre all can be used as raw material with mixing of wood-fibred; therefore described fiber is actual is bamboo and woods fiber, is more suitable for the large-scale production in practical application.
Therefore, the inventor has proposed a kind of preparation method without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate, comprises the steps:
Step 1, the auxiliary agent technique of adding:
Taking bamboo fibre and/or wood-fibred as raw material, polyurethane, isocyanates, epoxy resin, rubber made from soybean cake etc. are adhesive, and raw material is carried out to even applying glue, and adhesive quality accounts for 1～3.5% of material quality, preferably accounts for 2～3%;
Step 2, drying process:
By the raw material drying processing after applying glue, control its moisture content 6%～14%;
Step 3, mat formation into Slab:
Take appropriate raw material according to sheet material breadth, thickness, the moulding of then raw material being mated formation, then pass through precompressed processing, obtain preformed board embryo;
Step 4, microwave preheating technique:
Preformed slab is sent into microwave heating equipment, utilize heating using microwave, make preformed slab temperature rapidly increase to 80 DEG C～180 DEG C;
Step 5, hot press forming technology:
Preformed slab after treatment step 4 is carried out hot-forming, hot pressing temperature is 180 DEG C～260 DEG C, and briquetting pressure is 35kg/cm
2～110kg/cm
2, the dwell time is 1min～4.5min.
Described bamboo fibre and wood-fibred source is not limit, and the waste and old bamboo woods such as small diameter grade material or tailing or timber all can be and processes raw material, and makes bamboo fibre or wood-fibred by technical finesses such as softening, defibrator process.
Described bamboo fibre and wood-fibred shape are not limit, and comprise and are mainly shaped as prolate strip, tuberosity, graininess etc.As preferably, in bamboo fibre and wood-fibred, prolate strip quality accounts for 50～88%.
As preferably, in described step 1, bamboo fibre and wood-fibred diameter control are in micron dimension, and controlling thickness is 5～15 μ m, and width is 10～80 μ m, and length is 0.3～10mm.
As preferably, in described step 4, the time of heating using microwave is 0.5min～2min.
In sum, the present invention is in conjunction with non-glue fibre board technology and the fiberboard technology containing without aldehyde glue, in bamboo and woods fiber, add a small amount of aldehyde-free environment-friendly adhesive, employing is dried, mats formation into slab, microwave preheating, the process such as hot-forming makes bamboo and woods fiber plate, its thickness can reach 5mm～18mm, and density can reach 0.7g/cm
3～1.1g/cm
3.Compared with prior art, bamboo and woods fiber preparation method provided by the invention has not only reduced production cost, has improved production efficiency, and improve fiberboard quality stability, therefore greatly broken through existing formaldehyde-less fiber board expensive, inefficient, and non-glue fibre board is expensive, the restriction of low stability etc., is a kind of fiberboard technology of preparing with applications well prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment is described in further detail the present invention below, it is pointed out that the following stated embodiment is intended to be convenient to the understanding of the present invention, and it is not played to any restriction effect.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment is used for making plane without aldehyde wood-fiber board, and its book size is 2440mm × 1220mm, and thickness is 12mm.
The hot grinding wood fiber that employing cross section is micron dimension is as raw material.This hot grinding wood fiber thickness is 5～15 μ m, and width is 10～80 μ m, and length is 0.3～10mm.Below concrete making step:
Step 1, the auxiliary agent technique of adding:
Take the wood-fibred 32.1kg of above-mentioned defibrator process, utilize sizing applicator that the aqueous polyurethane glue of 1.6kg is evenly sprayed on wood-fibred, the solid content of this aqueous polyurethane glue is 41%;
Step 2, drying process:
Utilize pneumatic conveying dryer to be dried processing to the wood-fibred of applying glue, control its moisture content 12%;
Step 3, mat formation into Slab:
Utilize artificial board paving mechanism, loose wood-fibred after dry is evenly mated formation for meeting the slab of technological requirement, then through continuous rolling precompressed, obtain preformed slab;
Step 4, microwave preheating technique:
Preformed slab is sent into microwave heating equipment, utilize heating using microwave, make preformed slab temperature in 2 minutes, rise to 110 DEG C;
Step 5, hot press forming technology:
Preformed slab after treatment step 4 is sent into hot press and carry out hot-formingly, hot pressing temperature is 210 DEG C, and briquetting pressure is 40kg/cm
2, the dwell time is 4.1min.
The physical and mechanical property of the glue-free wood-fiber board that is 12mm to the above-mentioned thickness making is tested, and its test result is as follows:
Density: 0.83g/cm
3
MOR MOR//: 45.12MPa
Elastic modelling quantity MOE//: 4736.19MPa
Hold screw power: 1813.1N
24 hours water absorption rates: 8.16%
Above-mentioned test result shows that this meets the regulation of national medium density fibre board (MDF) GB/T11718-2009 without aldehyde wood-fiber board, compared with existing medium density fibre board (MDF), have excellent elastic modelling quantity and MOR.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is used for making plane without aldehyde bamboo fiberboard, and its book size is 2440mm × 1220mm, and thickness is 8mm.
The defibrator process bamboo fibre that employing cross section is micron dimension is as raw material.This defibrator process bamboo fibre thickness is 5～15 μ m, and width is 10～80 μ m, and length is 0.3～10mm.Below concrete making step:
Step 1, the auxiliary agent technique of adding:
Take the bamboo fibre 21.8kg of above-mentioned defibrator process, utilize sizing applicator that the rubber made from soybean cake of 1.1kg is evenly sprayed on bamboo fibre, the solid content of this rubber made from soybean cake is 42%;
Step 2, drying process:
Utilize pneumatic conveying dryer to be dried processing to the bamboo fibre of applying glue, control its moisture content 10%;
Step 3, mat formation into Slab:
Utilize artificial board paving mechanism, loose bamboo fibre after dry is evenly mated formation for meeting the slab of technological requirement, then through continuous rolling precompressed, obtain preformed slab;
Step 4, microwave preheating technique:
Preformed slab is sent into microwave heating equipment, utilize heating using microwave, make preformed slab temperature in 1.5 minutes, rise to 120 DEG C;
Step 5, hot press forming technology:
Preformed slab after treatment step 4 is sent into hot press and carry out hot-formingly, hot pressing temperature is 220 DEG C, and briquetting pressure is 45kg/cm
2, the dwell time is 2.9min.
The thickness that above-mentioned making is obtained is that the physical and mechanical property of the glueless bamboo fiberboard of 8mm is tested, and its test result is as follows:
Density: 0.85g/cm
3
MOR MOR//: 41.11MPa
Elastic modelling quantity MOE//: 4517.53MPa
Hold screw power: 1732.3N
24 hours water absorption rates: 7.21%.
Above-mentioned test result shows that this meets the regulation of national medium density fibre board (MDF) GB/T11718-2009 without aldehyde bamboo fiberboard, compared with existing medium density fibre board (MDF), have excellent elastic modelling quantity and MOR.
Above-described embodiment has been described in detail technical scheme of the present invention; be understood that and the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; all any amendments of making within the scope of principle of the present invention, supplement or similar fashion substitute etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. without a preparation method for aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step 1, the auxiliary agent technique of adding:
Taking bamboo fibre and/or wood-fibred as raw material, polyurethane, isocyanates, epoxy resin, rubber made from soybean cake are adhesive, and raw material is carried out to even applying glue, and adhesive quality accounts for 1～3.5% of material quality;
Step 2, drying process:
By the raw material drying processing after applying glue, control its moisture content 6%～14%;
Step 3, mat formation into Slab:
Take appropriate raw material according to sheet material breadth, thickness, the moulding of then raw material being mated formation, then pass through precompressed processing, obtain preformed board embryo;
Step 4, microwave preheating technique:
Preformed slab is sent into microwave heating equipment, utilize heating using microwave, make preformed slab temperature rapidly increase to 80 DEG C～180 DEG C;
Step 5, hot press forming technology:
Preformed slab after treatment step 4 is carried out hot-forming, hot pressing temperature is 180 DEG C～260 DEG C, and briquetting pressure is 35kg/cm
2～110kg/cm
2, the dwell time is 1min～4.5min.
2. the preparation method without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, adhesive quality accounts for 2～3% of material quality.
3. the preparation method without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, bamboo fibre and the wood-fibred of prolate strip account for 50～88%.
4. the preparation method without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, the thickness of bamboo fibre and wood-fibred is 5～15 μ m, and width is 10～80 μ m, and length is 0.3～10mm.
5. the preparation method without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 4, the time of heating using microwave is 0.5min～2min.
6. according to the preparation method without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate described in arbitrary claim in claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: the described thickness without aldehyde bamboo and woods fiber plate is 5mm～18mm, and density is 0.7g/cm
3～1.1g/cm
3.
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Application publication date: 20140625 |