CN104029079B - A kind of controllable nano fluid droplet spraying cutting process and device - Google Patents
A kind of controllable nano fluid droplet spraying cutting process and device Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
- B23Q11/1046—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using a minimal quantity of lubricant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
- B23Q11/1061—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using cutting liquids with specially selected composition or state of aggregation
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the controllable nano fluid droplet spraying cutting process and device in a kind of machining Cooling and Lubricator field, cutter connects the cathode output end of adjustable HV generator and ground connection by wire, charging nozzle connects the cathode output end of adjustable HV generator by high-tension cable, the rear end of charging nozzle connects micro-injection pump by silicone rubber tube, micro-injection pump is to charging nozzle conveying nano-fluid, adjustable HV generator provides negative direct current high voltage to charging nozzle, positive charge opposite polarity with the nozzle that charges is induced at tool surface, high-voltage electrostatic field is set up between nozzle and cutter, give full play to the cooling and lubricating effect of nano-fluid droplet to cutting region, improve the cooling and lubricating effect to cutting region, by changing the size of the electrostatic field controllable nano-fluid droplet between nozzle and cutter, distribution and movement locus, realizing droplet and transporting to the orientation of cutting region is controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machining Cooling and Lubricator field, be specially a kind of nano-fluid droplet spraying cutting process and device.
Background technology
Machining is the main method obtaining part.In machining, remove the catabiotic overwhelming majority of material and be all converted into heat in metal cutting and concentrate on cutting zone, cause cutter high temperature, cause cutter Fast Wearing.This performance when high speed, high-efficient cutting is more outstanding.In the past usual in the mode of pouring into a mould a large amount of cutting fluid to cutting region to reach reduction cutting temperature, extend cutter life, and then improve the object of working (machining) efficiency.But there is very high pressure because of cutter and chip, cutter and absorption surface interface, when making to pour into a mould a large amount of cutting fluid to cutting region, cutting region can be entered and the cutting fluid really playing cooling and lubricating effect only accounts for minimum ratio, heat exchange effectively cannot be carried out to cutting region, and a large amount of negative effects such as such as part manufacturing cost increases substantially, severe environmental pollution, harm workman are healthy that use cutting fluid to bring.
Micro lubricating (Minimumquantitylubrication, MQL) be injected into processing district by after compressed air and trace pollution-free, degradable green lubrication agent (vegetable oil, synthetic ester etc.) mixed aerosol, thus a kind of near dry cutting technology of cooling and lubricating is carried out to cutter and workpiece.It can reduce to cut the friction of contact interface, extends cutter life, and make amount be with lubricator only traditional wet cutting data ten thousand/, saved resource, decreased environmental pollution.At present, there are two main problems in Minimal Quantity Lubrication Technology: 1) because lubricating oil lubricating ability at high temperature declines, even evaporate and lose lubrication function and cause the cooling and lubricating performance of micro lubricating to be difficult to meet machining, especially at a high speed, the demand of highly-efficient processing; 2) using compressed air as droplet delivery vehicle, cause mist of oil particulate to flying away in air, cause mist of oil particle concentration to increase, all adverse influence is produced to working environment and health.Therefore, how effectively to improve the cooling and lubricating performance of micro lubricating, reduce mist of oil particulate to flying away in air, reducing mist of oil particle concentration in air is the problem that Minimal Quantity Lubrication Technology needs solution badly.
Nano-fluid adds nano particle to formed in base fluid two-phase suspension according to a certain percentage with mode.The base fluid of current employing mainly contains water, ethylene glycol, machine oil, transformer wet goods, and nano particle used mainly contains metal, nonmetal, oxide, nitride and carbide etc.Research shows, nano-fluid can significantly improve heat transfer property and the anti-wear and wear-resistant performance of base fluid, and simultaneously due to small-size effect and Brownian movement, add the fluid-phase ratio of micron or millimeter solids with tradition, suspension stability is better.Many excellent specific properties of nano-fluid have made it as the cooling and lubricating medium of micro lubricating to make up the defect of micro lubricating cooling and lubricating scarce capacity.
In droplet load mode, Chinese Patent Application No. is 201310042095.9, name is called " a kind of nano-fluid electrostatic atomization controllable jet micro lubricating grinding system ", disclosed in be that grinding nanometer fluid liquid and compressed air are sent into corona charging nozzle respectively by liquid-supplying system and air supply system simultaneously, nano-fluid is driven by compressed air and exports ejection atomization from nozzle body, simultaneously by high-magnitude DC electrostatic generator charged be controllable jet.The main drive that this patent application is atomized using aerodynamic force as grinding nanometer fluid liquid, droplet is the grinding area being distributed to processing work under the effect of aerodynamic force and electric field force, when being distributed to processing work grinding area under the effect of droplet at aerodynamic force and electric field force, because aerodynamic force is higher than electric field force, be difficult to the effective controlled distribution by regulating electric field to accomplish droplet, therefore the controllable degree of droplet in transport process is limited, and then reduces the limited efficiency of droplet environmental pollution in transport process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for effectively solving prior art Problems existing, a kind of controllable nano fluid droplet spraying cutting process is provided, the Charged Droplet that nano-fluid is broken under high voltage electrostatic field is adopted to carry out cooling and lubricating to cutting region, by the transport process of electric field controls Charged Droplet to cutting zone, thus reduce droplet flying away in transport process, reduce the pollution to environment; The present invention provides a kind of controllable nano fluid droplet spraying topping machanism implementing above-mentioned cutting process simultaneously, take electrostatic force as atomization driving force, realizes droplet and transport to the controlled of processing district.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that a kind of described controllable nano fluid droplet spraying topping machanism of the present invention adopts is: comprise cutter and charging nozzle, cutter connects the cathode output end of adjustable HV generator and ground connection by wire, charging nozzle connects the cathode output end of adjustable HV generator by high-tension cable, the rear end of charging nozzle connects micro-injection pump by silicone rubber tube, micro-injection pump is to charging nozzle conveying nano-fluid, and the front end exit place of charging nozzle is in the face of cutter.
Further, the angle charged between the front end of nozzle and the surface of cutter is 20 ~ 45 degree; On the central axis direction of charging nozzle, the front end of charging nozzle is 20 ~ 50mm to the jet length between tool surface.
The technical scheme that a kind of controllable nano fluid droplet spraying cutting process of the present invention adopts is according to the following steps:
1) with deionized water or with vegetalitas lubricating oil or unsaturated polyol ester for base fluid, by solid nanoparticles and base fluid mixing, obtain nano-fluid through ultrasonic vibration; Solid nanoparticles adopts the nano particle of metal or nonmetallic substance, metal is aluminium or zinc or copper, nonmetal is graphite, molybdenum bisuphide, diamond or CNT, and the granularity of solid nanoparticles is 1 ~ 100nm, and the mass fraction of solid nanoparticles is 0.1-1%;
2) adjustable HV generator provides negative direct current high voltage to charging nozzle, induces positive charge opposite polarity with the nozzle that charges, and forms electrostatic field between, produce power line at tool surface; Meanwhile, the nano-fluid prepared being pumped into charging nozzle by micro-injection carries out charged;
3) when the carrying capacity after nano-fluid is charged reaches critical value, electrostatic repulsion between charged nanosize flow surface electric charge is greater than its surface tension and viscous force, make nano-fluid be broken into Charged Droplet to eject from charging nozzle (3), electronegative nano-fluid droplet is by the repulsion of charging nozzle same sex electric charge, and be subject to the attraction of the tool surface charges of different polarity, under the promotion of electric field force, do directed movement along power line, fly to cutting region from different directions, cooling and lubricating is carried out to cutting region.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, have the following advantages:
1, the present invention sets up high-voltage electrostatic field between nozzle and cutter, trace nano-fluid delivers to nozzle charging, when carrying capacity reaches critical value, nano-fluid fragmentation becomes Charged Droplet, under the effect of electric field force, droplet flies to cutting region from different directions along power line, implements cooling and lubricating to cutting region.By changing the size of the electrostatic field controllable nano-fluid droplet between nozzle and cutter, distribution and movement locus, and then realize droplet and transport to the orientation of cutting region is controlled, thus nano-fluid droplet is permeated to cutting region from many routes such as the contact surface between cutter rake face and chip, contact surface between rear knife face and finished surface and cutter tooth both sides simultaneously, increase its permeability to cutting region, give full play to the cooling and lubricating effect of nano-fluid droplet to cutting region, improve the cooling and lubricating effect to cutting region.In addition, it is little and be evenly distributed that electrostatic participates in mist droplet particle size that nano-fluid atomization process produces, is conducive to the infiltration of droplet to cutting region; And compared with existing nano-fluid Pneumatic atomization device, all different on atomizing principles and droplet transfer ways, controllable nano fluid droplet spraying topping machanism of the present invention is simpler.
2, the solid nanoparticles with excellent heat transfer property or high temperature lubrication property is dispersed in base fluid and makes nano-fluid by the present invention, after nano-fluid Charged atomization, Charged Droplet does directed movement to cutting region under the effect of electric field force, the drift of effective minimizing minor diameter droplet is scattered and disappeared, reduce droplet concentration in air, improve working environment.Simultaneously, due to electrostatic induction principle, to make between nano-fluid droplet and tool surface, with the charges of different polarity attracted each other, to add the attraction between droplet and tool surface, bounce-back during minimizing high speed droplet shock cutting wall and splashing, improve sprayed deposit amount.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of controllable nano fluid of the present invention droplet spraying topping machanism;
Fig. 2 be charge in Fig. 1 nozzle 3 amplify structure sectional view;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that nozzle 3 and cutter 4 amplify that charges in Fig. 1;
When Fig. 4 is topping machanism work described in Fig. 1, nano-fluid Charged Droplet transports principle schematic to cutting region.
In figure: 1. adjustable HV generator; 2. micro-injection pump; 3. charge nozzle; 4. cutter; 5. silicone rubber tube; 6. high-tension cable; 7. wire; 8. central through hole.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of controllable nano fluid of the present invention droplet spraying topping machanism comprises cutter 4 and charging nozzle 3, and the material of cutter 4 is carbide alloy or high-speed steel.It is other that charging nozzle 3 is positioned at cutter 4, cutter 4 connects the cathode output end of adjustable HV generator 1 and ground connection by wire 7, charging nozzle 3 connects the cathode output end of adjustable HV generator 1 by high-tension cable 6, provide negative direct current high voltage to charging nozzle 3 by adjustable HV generator 1.The rear end of charging nozzle 3 connects micro-injection pump 2 by silicone rubber tube 5, and micro-injection pump 2 carries nano-fluid to charging nozzle 3, and the front end exit place of charging nozzle 3 is in the face of cutter 4.
As shown in Figure 2, the center of charging nozzle 3 has central through hole 8, for being communicated with silicone rubber tube 5, from the front end of nano-fluid arrival charging nozzle 3 after silicone rubber tube 5 with the central through hole 8 of charging nozzle 3 that micro-injection pump 2 is carried.Charging nozzle 3 is metallic nozzle, and the front end of charging nozzle 3 is tapered, and the field intensity of electric field formed because of conductor is directly proportional to the radius of curvature of conductive surface, so charging nozzle 3 exit design is taper, to improve the charged effect of nano-fluid drop.
As shown in Figure 3, the charging front end of nozzle 3 and its faced by cutter 4 surface between angle α be 20 ~ 45 degree, on the central axis direction of charging nozzle 3, the distance between front end to cutter 4 surface of charging nozzle 3 is jet length D, and jet length D is 20 ~ 50mm.
During controllable nano fluid droplet spraying topping machanism work, first nano-fluid will be prepared.Nano-fluid is that solid nanoparticles is dispersed to the two-phase suspension formed in base fluid, take deionized water as the water-based nano-fluid of base fluid or the oil base nano-fluid that is base fluid with vegetalitas lubricating oil or unsaturated polyol ester, after solid nanoparticles and base fluid are mixed by a certain percentage, use ultrasonic vibration again, obtain stable two-phase suspension.Solid nanoparticles adopts the nano particle of metal or nonmetallic substance.Metal is aluminium or zinc or copper, and nonmetal is graphite, molybdenum bisuphide, diamond or CNT.The granularity of solid nanoparticles is between 1 ~ 100nm, and the mass fraction of solid nanoparticles is at 0.1-1%.
Adjustable HV generator 1 provides negative direct current high voltage to charging nozzle 3, according to electrostatic induction principle, goes out and the opposite polarity positive charge of charging nozzle 3, and forms electrostatic field between, produce power line, see Fig. 4 at cutter 4 surface induction.The scope of the high direct voltage that adjustable HV generator 1 exports is 0 ~-120KV.Meanwhile, the nano-fluid prepared is pumped into silicone rubber tube 5 by micro-injection pump 2, send into charging nozzle 3 through silicone rubber tube 5 and carry out charged, in course of conveying, make the flow of nano-fluid be 10-200ml/h.When nano-fluid flows through charging nozzle 3, directly contact with the charging nozzle 3 of band negative direct current high voltage, bring the negative electrical charge with charging nozzle 3 same polarity, the high field intensity ionization surrounding air at charging nozzle 3 front end exit place produces a large amount of negative ions, there is corona discharge, neutralize with the cation of the charging nozzle 3 dissimilar polarities nozzle 3 that charged, be subject to the repulsion of same sex electric charge with the identical anion of charging nozzle 3 polarity and make to form anion district around, the anion that nano-fluid and corona discharge produce bumps against and brings negative electrical charge further.The discharge inception voltage of negative corona discharge comparatively low the and breakdown voltage of positive corona discharge comparatively positive corona discharge is high.The mode that charging nozzle 3 is combined by contact charging and corona charging is charged to nano-fluid, can improve charging effect.
When the nano-fluid adopted is water-based nano-fluid, the voltage of charging nozzle 3 is-5KV to-30KV, and electric current is not more than 1mA.When the nano-fluid adopted is oil base nano-fluid, the voltage of charging nozzle 3 is for being-20KV to-60KV, and electric current is not more than 1mA.
After nano-fluid is charged, its surface tension is caused to decline and the increase of interior pressure reduction, thus reduce atomization resistance, when carrying capacity critical value reaches Rayleigh limit, electrostatic repulsion between charged nanosize flow surface electric charge is greater than its surface tension and viscous force, make nano-fluid keep stable state, be broken into Charged Droplet and eject from charging nozzle 3.See Fig. 3, electronegative nano-fluid droplet by the repulsion of charging nozzle 3 same sex electric charge, and is subject to the attraction of the surperficial charges of different polarity of cutter 4, under the promotion of electric field force, do directed movement along power line, fly to cutting region B at a high speed from different directions, cooling and lubricating is carried out to cutting region B.The nano-fluid breakup of drop and drop carrying capacity is in the electric field relevant, and carrying capacity is relevant with the electric-field intensity of electric field residing for drop.The computing formula of carrying capacity critical value is as follows:
, in formula:
-carrying capacity critical value, C;
the dielectric constant of-surrounding medium;
-nano-fluid surface tension, mN/m;
-nano-fluid fogdrop diameter, μm.
Claims (4)
1. a controllable nano fluid droplet spraying cutting process, adopt controllable nano fluid droplet spraying topping machanism, this topping machanism comprises cutter (4) and charging nozzle (3), cutter (4) connects the cathode output end of adjustable HV generator (1) and ground connection by wire (7), charging nozzle (3) connects the cathode output end of adjustable HV generator (1) by high-tension cable (6), the rear end of charging nozzle (3) connects micro-injection pump (2) by silicone rubber tube (5), micro-injection pump (2) is to charging nozzle (3) conveying nano-fluid, the front end exit place of charging nozzle (3) is in the face of cutter (4), it is characterized in that according to the following steps:
1) with deionized water or with vegetalitas lubricating oil or unsaturated polyol ester for base fluid, by solid nanoparticles and base fluid mixing, obtain nano-fluid through ultrasonic vibration; Solid nanoparticles adopts the nano particle of metal or nonmetallic substance, metal is aluminium or zinc or copper, nonmetal is graphite, molybdenum bisuphide, diamond or CNT, and the granularity of solid nanoparticles is 1 ~ 100nm, and the mass fraction of solid nanoparticles is 0.1-1%;
2) adjustable HV generator (1) provides negative direct current high voltage to charging nozzle (3), goes out and charging nozzle (3) opposite polarity positive charge, and forms electrostatic field between, produce power line at cutter (4) surface induction; Meanwhile, the nano-fluid prepared being sent into charging nozzle (3) by micro-injection pump (2) carries out charged;
3) when the carrying capacity after nano-fluid is charged reaches critical value, electrostatic repulsion between charged nanosize flow surface electric charge is greater than its surface tension and viscous force, make nano-fluid be broken into Charged Droplet to eject from charging nozzle (3), electronegative nano-fluid droplet is by the repulsion of charging nozzle (3) same sex electric charge, and be subject to the attraction of cutter (4) the surperficial charges of different polarity, directed movement is done along power line under the promotion of electric field force, fly to cutting region from different directions, cooling and lubricating is carried out to cutting region.
2. cutting process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: carrying capacity critical value is:
,
carrying capacity critical value, C;
it is the dielectric constant of surrounding medium;
nano-fluid surface tension, mN/m;
nano-fluid fogdrop diameter, μm.
3. cutting process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the high direct voltage that in step 1), adjustable HV generator (1) exports is 0 ~-120KV; Step 2) in, the flow of nano-fluid is 10-200ml/h.
4. cutting process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: take deionized water as the nano-fluid of base fluid be water-based nano-fluid, the nano-fluid being base fluid with vegetalitas lubricating oil or unsaturated polyol ester is oil base nano-fluid, when the nano-fluid adopted is water-based nano-fluid, the voltage of charging nozzle (3) is-5KV to-30KV, and electric current is not more than 1mA; When the nano-fluid adopted is oil base nano-fluid, the voltage of charging nozzle (3) is for being-20KV to-60KV, and electric current is not more than 1mA.
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| JP2000317770A (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2000-11-21 | Taco Co Ltd | Cutting work method and its combined work device for machine tool and the like |
| EP2554329B1 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2014-01-29 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Cutting method for steel for use in machine structure |
| CN102029551A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-04-27 | 长沙理工大学 | Lubricating and cooling method for cutting process and device thereof |
| CN102658526B (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2014-03-12 | 青岛理工大学 | Nanoparticle jet flow micro-lubricating grinding lubricant supply system |
| CN103072084B (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2015-09-09 | 青岛理工大学 | Nano-fluid electrostatic atomization controllable jet flow trace lubrication grinding system |
| CN103753349A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-30 | 东莞康佳模具塑胶有限公司 | Cutting process and device for improving surface brightness of machined metal parts |
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