CN104019445B - A kind of solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate and combustion method - Google Patents
A kind of solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104019445B CN104019445B CN201410276605.3A CN201410276605A CN104019445B CN 104019445 B CN104019445 B CN 104019445B CN 201410276605 A CN201410276605 A CN 201410276605A CN 104019445 B CN104019445 B CN 104019445B
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144985 peep Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate, comprise body of heater, the top of described body of heater or top are provided with enterprising air port, bottom is provided with lower air inlet, and described furnace interior is provided with furnace chamber; Crater, is arranged at described body of heater sidepiece; Be provided with fire grate described furnace chamber is tilted; Described enterprising air port and crater are positioned at the side of described fire grate, and accordingly, described lower air inlet is positioned at the opposite side of described fire grate; The space be positioned in furnace chamber above described fire grate is solid fuel container cavity, and described solid fuel container cavity is from top to bottom divided into standby combustion district and combustion zone, and the height in described standby combustion district is greater than 150mm; The maximum breadth width of described fire grate and the aspect ratio of described crater are not more than 1.5; The difference in height of described solid fuel container cavity and described crater is not less than 150mm.Also disclose the method for solid fuel clean burning.Said apparatus and method can realize solid-fuelled clean combustion process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid fuel combustion apparatus be obliquely installed by fire grate, and use the solid fuel ignition method of this device, belong to solid fuel ignition technical field.
Background technology
At present, haze has become the weather of the many area damage of China, and then causes the focus of the whole society.2014, China proposed the requirement by " decompression fire coal, strict car controlling, adjustment industry, tighten management, groupcontrol, to improve according to law " PM2.5 index of keeping under strict control, the pollution of control haze from State-level.So the anti-haze of haze processed has become the important engineering of current Chinese society environmental improvement.
The formation of haze, tracing it to its cause is specific weather conditions and the interactional result of mankind's activity; Greatly developing of human economy and social activities, along with the increase of discharge capacity, concentration increases a large amount of fine particles of discharge, and under specific weather condition, air circulation degree is very poor in addition, thus defines the focusing particles under quiet steady weather.From source, the source of " haze " mainly comprise vehicle exhaust, coal-burning stove for heating waste gas, industrial discharge waste gas, building and dust on the roads and can particle be grown.Wherein, in the waste gas of industrial discharge, such as metallurgy, kiln, field of boilers all relate to the waste gas because of burning and exhausting.Visible, in the source of " haze ", because burning and exhausting accounting is very large.So, administer burning and exhausting waste gas and belong to the most important thing in system " haze " engineering, and to administer the basic of burning and exhausting waste gas to be clean burning by firing optimization exactly.
Burning relates generally to two main body key elements, and one is fuel, and another is burner.For fuel, conventional is all solid fuel, comprises coal, timber, stalk etc., and solid fuel, when burning, except fixed carbon contained in buring solid fuel, also can to gasify the fugitive constituent obtained by buring solid fuel in combustion.Clean burning then needs fugitive constituent and fixed carbon to be fully burned, thus the lingemann blackness showing as the flue gas of post combustion emission is 0 and CO content in flue gas is 0.For burner, conventional with solid fuel the is energy comprise pressure-bearing stove, vertical atmospheric, kiln, metallurgical furnace, oven and saving furnace etc.As Chinese patent literature CN2605473Y discloses a kind of Dual-direction burner, turnover coal bunker lid is provided with in upper of furnace body, the side of body of heater middle and lower part is provided with port, the inclination angle of port end face is 45-60 degree, the bottom of body of heater is provided with fire bars, and the cross section of fire bars is rhombus, and the degree of depth of body of heater is at 1000-1600mm, body of heater opposite side is provided with peep hole, and the foot of body of heater is provided with water sealed tank.
During above-mentioned burner work, general be all solid fuel ignition totally before just add new solid fuel with postcombustion, but, the fuel added is all limited, because once add a little fuel will see that black smoke produces at fume emission mouth, so existing burner only just cannot realize clean burning in reinforced link.In addition, when solid fuel burns in above-mentioned burner also can not timing give off a large amount of black smoke, and CO content in exhaust gases after combustion is still higher, this mainly causes because the volatile matter in solid fuel and fixed carbon all cannot be fully burned in above-mentioned burner, so how can make volatile matter and fixed carbon Thorough combustion in solid combustion stove, avoid black smoke to produce and reduce CO discharge capacity as far as possible simultaneously, in currently available technology, also do not provide solution.
Real clean burning is the balance combustion that will reach volatile matter and fixed carbon, and concrete parameter characterization is the lingemann blackness of the flue gas of post combustion emission is 0 grade, and in flue gas, the content of CO is 0.Lingemann blackness is greater than 0 grade or CO content and is greater than 0 and all represents that solid combustion burning is insufficient, Here it is existing fired state, detects by an unaided eye and namely can see black smoke.
With regard to balance combustion, be the most unmanageable in burning, it requires in whole combustion process, and volatile matter and fixed carbon all will burn according to the two ratio contained in fuel all the time.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is prior art especially cannot realize volatile matter and fixed carbon in fuel in reinforced link balance combustion in combustion process, thus solid-fuelled clean burning cannot be realized, and then on the basis of desirable Theory of Combustion and balance combustion technology, a kind of solid fuel clean combustion equipment making solid-fuelled volatile matter and fixed carbon balance combustion is proposed.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate, comprising,
Body of heater, is provided with enterprising air port on the top of described body of heater or top, and bottom is provided with lower air inlet, and described furnace interior is provided with furnace chamber;
Crater, is arranged at the sidepiece of described body of heater;
Be provided with fire grate described furnace chamber is tilted;
Described enterprising air port and crater are positioned at the side of described fire grate, and accordingly, described lower air inlet is positioned at the opposite side of described fire grate;
The space be positioned in described furnace chamber above described fire grate is solid fuel container cavity, and described solid fuel container cavity is from top to bottom divided into standby combustion district and combustion zone, and the height in described standby combustion district is greater than 150mm;
The maximum breadth width of described fire grate and the aspect ratio of described crater are not more than 1.5;
The difference in height of described solid fuel container cavity and described crater is not less than 150mm.
The angle β of described fire grate and horizontal direction is solid-fuelled angle of repose.
Described fire grate 4 is not less than 30 ° with the angle β of horizontal direction.
Described fire grate to be inclined upwardly setting by the lower end of described crater.
Described furnace chamber comprises reducing section and expansion segment from top to bottom, and described crater is positioned at described expansion segment, and the upper end of described crater is positioned at the intersection of described reducing section and expansion segment; Stretched out by described crater and form fire-outtaking tube.
Described fire-outtaking tube is extended straight up away from one end of crater.
On the body of heater vertical plane that crater axially sections, the line of described crater upper end and described fire grate upper end and the angle of fire grate plane are less than 90 °.
The height of described crater is not less than 200mm.
Described lower air inlet and crater are arranged on the both sides of described body of heater.
Ash discharge parts are provided with between described fire grate bottom and furnace chamber inwall.
A combustion method for the solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate, solid fuel carries out standby combustion and burning from top to bottom successively, and standby combustion is highly greater than 150mm; The width of solid-fuelled maximum combustion breadth and the ratio of crater height are not more than 1.5; The difference of the standby combustion height of solid fuel and burning height sum and crater height is not less than 150mm.
Full solid fuel will be filled in solid fuel container cavity, fire grate is formed the uniform solid fuel layer of thickness, by enterprising air port and lower air inlet to blowing air in described solid fuel container cavity, make solid fuel from top to bottom successively through standby combustion district and combustion zone, solid fuel layer homogenous combustion on described fire grate, ashes after solid fuel ignition are discharged by described lower air inlet through fire grate, and the heat of generation is diffused out by crater.
The present invention has following beneficial effect compared with prior art:
(1) solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention, is obliquely installed fire grate, and solid fuel particle can roll on fire grate, produces friction, collision effect; Above-mentioned effect contributes to peeling off at the ash content that fixed carbon surface is formed in combustion process, the efficiency of combustion of raising fixed carbon.
By limiting the height in said apparatus Zhong Beiran district, the ratio of the maximum breadth width of fire grate and crater height, and the difference in height of solid fuel container cavity and crater, can decide flowing to solid-fuelled air capacity relation by enterprising air port and lower air inlet, coordinate the setting that in standby combustion district, temperature raises gradually from top to bottom, can make solid fuel and the fuel that newly adds in combustion along with decline process successively through standby combustion district, combustion zone, under radiation and conduction of heat, in standby combustion district, solid fuel heats up gradually, the wind entered by enterprising air port cools through standby combustion district from top to bottom, ensure that in standby combustion district that there is stable temperature field, thus can be slow, stably produce volatile matter to burn, in combustion process, enterprising air port is mainly solid-fuelled volatile combustion oxygen supply, lower air inlet is mainly solid-fuelled fixed carbon burning oxygen supply, volatile matter and fixed carbon in whole combustion process all will be burnt according to the two ratio contained in fuel all the time, thus the balance combustion of the volatile matter reached in solid fuel and fixed carbon, avoid the generation of black smoke in flue gas.This device can make the lingemann blackness of flue gas be 0 grade, and carbon monoxide content is 0, thus completes solid-fuelled clean burning.
(2) solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention, when the angle β of fire grate and horizontal direction is solid-fuelled angle of repose α, in combustion zone, solid fuel layer is similar to a parallelogram, ensure that air-flow can pass solid fuel layer uniformly, thus ensure that the uniformity of combustion zone fixed carbon burning.Fire grate to be inclined upwardly setting by the lower end of described crater, crater is positioned at described expansion segment, the upper end of crater is positioned at the intersection of reducing section and expansion segment, stretched out by crater and form fire-outtaking tube, on the body of heater vertical plane that crater axially sections, the line of crater upper end and fire grate upper end and the angle of fire grate plane are less than 90 °.Above-mentioned setting can form certain thickness solid fuel layer on the fire grate tilted, when can ensure solid fuel high-temp combustion, there is rational air dynamic behaviour, bottom air intake can contact with solid fuel layer equably and carry out homogenous combustion, avoids the problem of local carbon distribution on fire grate.
(3) solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention, the height of described crater is not less than 200mm, be combustion zone in the fraction solids fuel container cavity adjacent with crater, the height improving this part can extend the burning time of fixed carbon in solid fuel, makes fixed carbon Thorough combustion.
(4) combustion method of the solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention, solid fuel carries out standby combustion and burning from top to bottom successively, and standby combustion is highly greater than 150mm; The width of solid-fuelled maximum combustion breadth and the ratio of crater height are not more than 1.5; The difference of the standby combustion height of solid fuel and burning height sum and crater height is not less than 150mm.Volatile matter and fixed carbon can be realized all carry out clean burning according to the two ratio contained in fuel all the time by controlling above-mentioned condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make content of the present invention more easily be understood, the present invention is further detailed content of the present invention with detailed description of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings;
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention;
Wherein Reference numeral is: the enterprising air port of 1-, 2-standby combustion district, 3-combustion zone, 4-fire grate, air inlet under 5-, 6-body of heater, 7-crater, 8-solid fuel container cavity, 9-reducing section, 10-expansion segment, 11-fire-outtaking tube, 12-ash discharge parts, the maximum breadth width of A-fire grate, the height of B-crater, the difference in height of C-solid fuel container cavity and crater.
Detailed description of the invention
The solid fuel clean combustion equipment of tilting fire grate of the present invention, comprises body of heater 6, and the top of described body of heater 6 or top are provided with enterprising air port 1, and bottom is provided with lower air inlet 5, and described body of heater 6 inside is provided with furnace chamber; In the present embodiment, described enterprising air port 1 is arranged on body of heater 6 top.Crater 7, is arranged at the sidepiece of described body of heater 6, and the setting position of described crater 7 is lower than described enterprising air port 1, and the height of described crater 7 is in the conventional range of choice of this area, and in the present embodiment, the height of described crater 7 is not less than 200mm.The position relationship of described lower air inlet 5 and crater 7 can be arranged as required, in the present embodiment, described lower air inlet 5 and crater 7 are arranged on the both sides of described body of heater 6, the upper end of described crater 7 is higher than the upper end of described lower air inlet 5, and the lower end of described crater 7 is higher than the lower end of described lower air inlet 5.Be provided with fire grate 4 described furnace chamber is tilted, the structure of described furnace chamber and fire grate 4 and setting position can be selected as required, in the present embodiment, described fire grate 4 to be inclined upwardly setting by the lower end of described crater 7, described fire grate 4 is β with the angle of horizontal direction, can angle β be preferably that solid-fuelled angle of repose α or angle β is not less than 30 °, in the present embodiment, angle β is solid-fuelled angle of repose α, makes the fuel bed on fire grate 4 be approximately parallelogram.Described enterprising air port 1 and crater 7 are positioned at the side of described fire grate 4, and accordingly, described lower air inlet 5 is positioned at the opposite side of described fire grate 4; The space be positioned in described furnace chamber above described fire grate 4 is solid fuel container cavity 8, and described solid fuel container cavity 8 is from top to bottom divided into standby combustion district 2 and combustion zone 3, and the height in described standby combustion district 2 is greater than 150mm; The maximum breadth width A of described fire grate is not more than 1.5 with the height B ratio of described crater; The difference in height C of solid fuel container cavity and crater is not less than 150mm.
When above-mentioned burner uses, solid fuel is loaded in solid fuel container cavity 8, solid fuel drops to combustion zone 3 by standby combustion district 2, solid fuel particle rolls on fire grate 4, the friction produced, collision effect contribute to peeling off at the ash content that the fixed carbon surface of fire grate 4 is formed in combustion process, the efficiency of combustion of raising fixed carbon, solid fuel is piled up on fire grate 4 and forms the uniform solid fuel layer of thickness, by enterprising air port 1 and lower air inlet 5 to blowing air in solid fuel container cavity 8, under radiation and conduction of heat, in standby combustion district 2, solid fuel heats up gradually, the wind entered by enterprising air port 1 cools through standby combustion district 2 from top to bottom, ensure that in standby combustion district 2 that there is stable temperature field, thus can be slow, stably produce volatile matter to burn, in combustion process, enterprising air port 1 is mainly solid-fuelled volatile combustion oxygen supply, lower air inlet 5 is mainly solid-fuelled fixed carbon burning oxygen supply, volatile matter and fixed carbon in whole combustion process all will be burnt according to the two ratio contained in fuel all the time, thus the balance combustion of the volatile matter reached in solid fuel and fixed carbon, in combustion zone 3, solid fuel layer is similar to a parallelogram, ensures that air-flow can pass solid fuel layer uniformly, thus ensure that the uniformity of combustion zone 3 fixed carbon burning, ashes after solid fuel ignition are discharged by described lower air inlet 5 through fire grate 4, and the heat of generation is diffused out by crater 7.By limiting the height in said apparatus Zhong Beiran district 2, the maximum breadth of fire grate 4 and crater 7 ratio highly, and the difference in height of solid fuel container cavity 8 and crater 7, the relation flowing to solid-fuelled air capacity by enterprising air port 1 and lower air inlet 5 can be decided, coordinate the setting that in-furnace temperature raises gradually from top to bottom, can make solid fuel and the fuel that newly adds in combustion along with decline process successively through the combustion process of standby combustion district 2, combustion zone 3, thus the balance combustion of the volatile matter reached in solid fuel and fixed carbon.
On the basis of the above, as transformable embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, described furnace chamber comprises reducing section 9 and expansion segment 10 from top to bottom, described crater 7 is positioned at described expansion segment 10, and the upper end of described crater 7 is positioned at the intersection of described reducing section 9 and expansion segment 10; Stretched out by described crater 7 and form fire-outtaking tube 11, in the present embodiment, extend to form described fire-outtaking tube 11 by described crater 7 along perpendicular to fire grate 4 in-plane; On body of heater 6 vertical plane that crater 7 axially sections, the line of described crater 7 upper end and described fire grate 4 upper end and the angle of fire grate 4 plane are less than 90 °; This is arranged to form certain thickness solid fuel layer on fire grate 4, thus makes lower air inlet can for the even air feed of solid fuel layer, makes the solid fuel layer on fire grate 4 can homogenous combustion.Described fire-outtaking tube 11 is extended straight up away from one end of crater 7.Ash discharge parts 12 are provided with, for the gangue of bulk and incombustible being discharged between described fire grate 4 bottom and furnace chamber inwall.
Except above-mentioned burner, the present invention also proposes a kind of method of solid fuel clean burning, and solid fuel carries out standby combustion and burning from top to bottom successively, and standby combustion is highly greater than 150mm; The width of solid-fuelled maximum combustion breadth and crater 7 height be not more than 1.5; The difference of the standby combustion height of solid fuel and burning height sum and crater 7 height is not less than 150mm.
Although the present invention has carried out detailed elaboration by above-mentioned specific embodiment to it; but; those skilled in the art should be understood that and made on this basis not exceed any form of claims and the change of details, all belong to invention which is intended to be protected.
Claims (12)
1. a solid fuel combustion apparatus for tilting fire grate, comprises,
Body of heater (6), is provided with enterprising air port (1) on the top of described body of heater (6) or top, and bottom is provided with lower air inlet (5), and described body of heater (6) inside is provided with furnace chamber;
Crater (7), is arranged at the sidepiece of described body of heater (6);
It is characterized in that,
Be provided with fire grate (4) described furnace chamber is tilted;
Described enterprising air port (1) and crater (7) are positioned at the side of described fire grate (4), and accordingly, described lower air inlet (5) is positioned at the opposite side of described fire grate (4);
The space being positioned at described fire grate (4) top in described furnace chamber is solid fuel container cavity (8), described solid fuel container cavity (8) is from top to bottom divided into standby combustion district (2) and combustion zone (3), and the height of described standby combustion district (2) is greater than 150mm;
The maximum breadth width (A) of described fire grate and the height (B) of described crater are than being not more than 1.5;
The difference in height (C) of described solid fuel container cavity and crater is not less than 150mm.
2. burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fire grate (4) is solid-fuelled angle of repose with the angle β of horizontal direction.
3. burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fire grate (4) is not less than 30 ° with the angle β of horizontal direction.
4. according to the arbitrary described burner of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described fire grate (4) to be inclined upwardly setting by the lower end of described crater (7).
5. burner according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described furnace chamber comprises reducing section (9) and expansion segment (10) from top to bottom, described crater (7) is positioned at described expansion segment (10), and the upper end of described crater (7) is positioned at the intersection of described reducing section (9) and expansion segment (10); Stretched out by described crater (7) and form fire-outtaking tube (11).
6. burner according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described fire-outtaking tube (11) is extended straight up away from one end of crater (7).
7. the burner according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, on body of heater (6) vertical plane that crater (7) axially sections, the line of described crater (7) upper end and described fire grate (4) upper end and the angle of fire grate (4) plane are less than 90 °.
8. the burner according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, the height of described crater (7) is not less than 200mm.
9. arbitrary described burner according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that, described lower air inlet (5) and crater (7) are arranged on the both sides of described body of heater (6).
10. the burner according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5 or 6 or 9, is characterized in that, be provided with ash discharge parts (12) between described fire grate (4) bottom and furnace chamber inwall.
The combustion method of the solid fuel combustion apparatus of 11. 1 kinds of tilting fire grates, is characterized in that, solid fuel carries out standby combustion and burning from top to bottom successively, and standby combustion is highly greater than 150mm; The ratio of the width of solid-fuelled maximum combustion breadth and crater (7) height is not more than 1.5; The difference of the standby combustion height of solid fuel and burning height sum and crater (7) height is not less than 150mm.
12. combustion methods according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, full solid fuel will be filled in solid fuel container cavity (8), fire grate (4) is upper forms the uniform solid fuel layer of thickness, by enterprising air port (1) and lower air inlet (5) to the interior blowing air of described solid fuel container cavity (8), make solid fuel from top to bottom successively through standby combustion district (2) and combustion zone (3), solid fuel layer homogenous combustion on described fire grate (4), ashes after solid fuel ignition are discharged by described lower air inlet (5) through fire grate (4), the heat produced is diffused out by crater (7).
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| CN106287661B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-08-17 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of grate-firing combustion device of vertical lift |
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