CN104019445A - Solid fuel combustion device with fire grate obliquely arranged and combustion method - Google Patents
Solid fuel combustion device with fire grate obliquely arranged and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104019445A CN104019445A CN201410276605.3A CN201410276605A CN104019445A CN 104019445 A CN104019445 A CN 104019445A CN 201410276605 A CN201410276605 A CN 201410276605A CN 104019445 A CN104019445 A CN 104019445A
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- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144985 peep Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid fuel combustion device with a fire grate obliquely arranged. The solid fuel combustion device comprises a furnace body, wherein an upper air inlet is formed in the upper portion or the top of the furnace body, a lower air inlet is formed in the lower portion of the furnace body, and a furnace chamber is formed in the furnace body; a fire outlet is formed in the side of the furnace body, the fire gate is obliquely arranged in the furnace chamber, the upper air inlet and the fire outlet are located in one side of the fire gate, and correspondingly the lower air inlet is located in the other side of the fire gate; the space, located on the fire gate, in the furnace chamber is a solid fuel containing cavity which is divided into a combustion preparing area and a combustion area from top to bottom, the height of the combustion preparing area is larger than 150 mm, the ratio of the largest breadth width of the fire gate to the height of the fire outlet is not larger than 1.5, and the height difference of the solid fuel containing cavity and the fire outlet is not smaller than 150 mm. The invention further discloses a solid fuel clean combustion method. Due to the device and the method, the clean combustion process of solid fuel can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid fuel combustion apparatus that fire grate is obliquely installed, and use the solid fuel ignition method of this device, belong to solid fuel ignition technical field.
Background technology
At present, haze has become China's disastrous weather in many areas, and then has caused the focus of the whole society.2014, China proposed by " decompression fire coal, strict car controlling, adjustment industry, tighten management, groupcontrol, improve according to law " the PM2.5 index of keeping under strict control, has prevented and treated the requirement of haze pollution from State-level.So the anti-haze of haze processed has become the important engineering of current Chinese society environmental improvement.
The formation of haze, tracing it to its cause is specific weather conditions and the interactional result of mankind's activity; Greatly developing of human economy and social activities, along with the increase of discharge capacity, concentration increases a large amount of fine particles of discharge, and under specific weather condition, circulation of air degree is very poor in addition, thus the particle having formed under quiet steady weather is assembled.From source, the source of " haze " mainly comprises waste gas, building and the dust on the roads of vehicle exhaust, coal-burning stove for heating waste gas, industrial discharge and the particle of can growing.Wherein, in the waste gas of industrial discharge, all relate to the waste gas because of burning and exhausting such as metallurgy, kiln, field of boilers.Visible, in the source of " haze ", because of burning and exhausting accounting very large.So system is administered burning and exhausting waste gas in " haze " engineering and is belonged to the most important thing, and administer burning and exhausting waste gas burning to be adjusted into clean burning exactly at all.
Burning relates generally to two main body key elements, and one is fuel, and another is burner.For fuel, conventional is all solid fuel, comprises coal, timber, stalk etc., and solid fuel is in when burning, in buring solid fuel contained fixed carbon, and the fugitive constituent that also can buring solid fuel gasifies and obtain in combustion process.Clean burning needs fugitive constituent and fixed carbon to be fully burned, thus show as the lingemann blackness of flue gas of discharge after burning be 0 and flue gas in CO content be 0.For burner, conventional comprise pressure-bearing stove, vertical atmospheric, kiln, metallurgical furnace, oven and saving furnace etc. taking solid fuel as the energy.As Chinese patent literature CN2605473Y discloses a kind of Dual-direction burner, be provided with turnover coal bunker lid in upper of furnace body, one side of body of heater middle and lower part is provided with port, the inclination angle of port end face is 45-60 degree, the bottom of body of heater is provided with fire bars, and the cross section of fire bars is rhombus, and the degree of depth of body of heater is at 1000-1600mm, body of heater opposite side is provided with peep hole, and the foot of body of heater is provided with water sealed tank.
When above-mentioned burner work, general is all just to add new solid fuel with postcombustion at solid fuel ignition before totally, but, the fuel adding is all limited, once because add a little fuel to see that black smoke produces at fume emission mouth, so existing burner only just cannot realize clean burning in reinforced link.In addition, also can not timing when solid fuel burns in above-mentioned burner give off a large amount of black smokes, and the CO content after burning in waste gas is still higher, this is mainly all cannot be fully burned and cause in above-mentioned burner due to the volatile matter in solid fuel and fixed carbon, so how can make the fully burning in solid combustion stove of volatile matter and fixed carbon, avoid black smoke to produce and reduce as far as possible CO discharge capacity, in currently available technology, also do not provide solution simultaneously.
Real clean burning, is the balance combustion that will reach volatile matter and fixed carbon, and concrete parameter characterization is that the lingemann blackness of the flue gas of discharge after burning is 0 grade, and in flue gas, the content of CO is 0.Lingemann blackness is greater than 0 grade or CO content and is greater than 0 and all represents that solid combustion burning is insufficient, and Here it is existing fired state detects by an unaided eye and can see black smoke.
With regard to balance combustion, be the most unmanageable in burning, it requires in whole combustion process, and volatile matter and fixed carbon all will burn according to the two ratio contained in fuel all the time.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that prior art is in the combustion process especially balance combustion of volatile matter and fixed carbon in reinforced link cannot realize fuel, thereby cannot realize solid-fuelled clean burning, and then on the basis of desirable Theory of Combustion and balance combustion technology, propose a kind of solid fuel clean combustion equipment that makes solid-fuelled volatile matter and fixed carbon balance combustion.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate, comprise,
Body of heater, is provided with enterprising air port at top or the top of described body of heater, and bottom is provided with lower air inlet, is provided with furnace chamber in described body of heater inside;
Crater, is arranged at the sidepiece of described body of heater;
At the tilted fire grate that is provided with of described furnace chamber;
Described enterprising air port and crater are positioned at a side of described fire grate, and accordingly, described lower air inlet is positioned at the opposite side of described fire grate;
The space being positioned in described furnace chamber above described fire grate is solid fuel container cavity, and described solid fuel container cavity is from top to bottom divided into Bei Ran district and combustion zone, and the height in described Bei Ran district is greater than 150mm;
The maximum breadth width of described fire grate and the aspect ratio of described crater are not more than 1.5;
The difference in height of described solid fuel container cavity and described crater is not less than 150mm.
The angle β of described fire grate and horizontal direction is solid-fuelled angle of repose.
Described fire grate 4 is not less than 30 ° with the angle β of horizontal direction.
Described fire grate is by the setting that is inclined upwardly of the lower end of described crater.
Described furnace chamber comprises reducing section and expansion segment from top to bottom, and described crater is positioned at described expansion segment, and the upper end of described crater is positioned at the intersection of described reducing section and expansion segment; Stretch out and form fire tube by described crater.
Described fire-outtaking tube extends setting straight up away from one end of crater.
On the body of heater vertical plane axially sectioning along crater, described crater upper end and the line of described fire grate upper end and the angle of fire grate plane are less than 90 °.
The height of described crater is not less than 200mm.
Described lower air inlet and crater are arranged on the both sides of described body of heater.
Between described fire grate bottom and furnace chamber inwall, be provided with ash discharge parts.
A combustion method for the solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate, solid fuel carries out standby combustion and burning from top to bottom successively, and standby combustion is highly greater than 150mm; The width of solid-fuelled maximum combustion breadth is not more than 1.5 with the ratio of crater height; The difference of the standby combustion height of solid fuel and burning height sum and crater height is not less than 150mm.
Full solid fuel will be filled in solid fuel container cavity, on fire grate, form the solid fuel layer of even thickness, by enterprising air port and lower air inlet to blowing air in described solid fuel container cavity, make solid fuel Jing Beiran district and combustion zone successively from top to bottom, solid fuel layer on described fire grate evenly burns, ashes after solid fuel ignition see through fire grate and are discharged by described lower air inlet, and the heat of generation is diffused out by crater.
The present invention has following beneficial effect compared with prior art scheme:
(1) solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention, is obliquely installed fire grate, and solid fuel particle can roll on fire grate, produces friction, collision effect; Above-mentioned effect contributes to peel off the ash content forming on fixed carbon surface in combustion process, improves the efficiency of combustion of fixed carbon.
By limiting the height in said apparatus Zhong Beiran district, the ratio of the maximum breadth width of fire grate and crater height, and the difference in height of solid fuel container cavity and crater, can decide flowing to solid-fuelled air capacity relation by enterprising air port and lower air inlet, coordinate the setting that in Bei Ran district, temperature raises gradually from top to bottom, the fuel that can make solid fuel and newly add is accompanied by decline process Jing Beiran district successively in combustion process, combustion zone, under radiation and conduction of heat, in Bei Ran district, solid fuel heats up gradually, the wind being entered by enterprising air port carries out cooling through Bei Ran district from top to bottom, guarantee in Liao Beiran district, to there is stable temperature field, thereby can be slow, stably producing volatile matter burns, in combustion process, enterprising air port is mainly solid-fuelled volatile combustion oxygen supply, lower air inlet is mainly solid-fuelled fixed carbon burning oxygen supply, volatile matter and fixed carbon in whole combustion process all will be burnt according to the two ratio contained in fuel all the time, thereby reach volatile matter in solid fuel and the balance combustion of fixed carbon, avoid the generation of black smoke in flue gas.It is 0 grade that this device can make the lingemann blackness of flue gas, and carbon monoxide content is 0, thereby completes solid-fuelled clean burning.
(2) solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention, when the angle β of fire grate and horizontal direction is solid-fuelled angle of repose α, in combustion zone, solid fuel layer is similar to a parallelogram, ensure that air-flow can pass solid fuel layer uniformly, thereby ensured the uniformity of combustion zone fixed carbon burning.Fire grate is by the setting that is inclined upwardly of the lower end of described crater, crater is positioned at described expansion segment, the upper end of crater is positioned at the intersection of reducing section and expansion segment, stretch out and form fire tube by crater, on the body of heater vertical plane axially sectioning along crater, the line of crater upper end and fire grate upper end and the angle of fire grate plane are less than 90 °.Above-mentioned setting can form certain thickness solid fuel layer on the fire grate tilting, can ensure solid fuel high-temp combustion time, there is rational air dynamic behaviour, bottom air intake can contact evenly and burn with solid fuel layer equably, has avoided the problem of local carbon distribution on fire grate.
(3) solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention, the height of described crater is not less than 200mm, in the part solid fuel container cavity adjacent with crater, it is combustion zone, the height that improves this part can extend the burning time of fixed carbon in solid fuel, and fixed carbon is fully burnt.
(4) combustion method of the solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention, solid fuel carries out standby combustion and burning from top to bottom successively, and standby combustion is highly greater than 150mm; The width of solid-fuelled maximum combustion breadth is not more than 1.5 with the ratio of crater height; The difference of the standby combustion height of solid fuel and burning height sum and crater height is not less than 150mm.By controlling, above-mentioned condition can realize volatile matter and fixed carbon all carries out clean burning according to the two ratio contained in fuel all the time.
Brief description of the drawings
For content of the present invention is more easily understood, the present invention is further detailed content of the present invention with detailed description of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings;
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the solid fuel combustion apparatus of tilting fire grate of the present invention;
Wherein Reference numeral is: the enterprising air port of 1-, 2-Bei Ran district, 3-combustion zone, 4-fire grate, air inlet under 5-, 6-body of heater, 7-crater, 8-solid fuel container cavity, 9-reducing section, 10-expansion segment, 11-fire-outtaking tube, 12-ash discharge parts, the maximum breadth width of A-fire grate, the height of B-crater, the difference in height of C-solid fuel container cavity and crater.
Detailed description of the invention
The solid fuel clean combustion equipment of tilting fire grate of the present invention, comprises body of heater 6, is provided with enterprising air port 1 at top or the top of described body of heater 6, and bottom is provided with lower air inlet 5, is provided with furnace chamber in described body of heater 6 inside; In the present embodiment, described enterprising air port 1 is arranged on body of heater 6 tops.Crater 7, is arranged at the sidepiece of described body of heater 6, and the setting position of described crater 7 is lower than described enterprising air port 1, and the height of described crater 7 is in the conventional range of choice of this area, and in the present embodiment, the height of described crater 7 is not less than 200mm.The position relationship of described lower air inlet 5 and crater 7 can arrange as required, in the present embodiment, described lower air inlet 5 and crater 7 are arranged on the both sides of described body of heater 6, the upper end of described crater 7 is higher than the upper end of described lower air inlet 5, and the lower end of described crater 7 is higher than the lower end of described lower air inlet 5.At the tilted fire grate 4 that is provided with of described furnace chamber, the structure of described furnace chamber and fire grate 4 and setting position can be selected as required, in the present embodiment, described fire grate 4 is by the setting that is inclined upwardly of the lower end of described crater 7, described fire grate 4 is β with the angle of horizontal direction, and preferably angle β is that solid-fuelled angle of repose α or angle β are not less than 30 °, in the present embodiment, angle β is solid-fuelled angle of repose α, makes the fuel bed on fire grate 4 be approximately parallelogram.Described enterprising air port 1 and crater 7 are positioned at a side of described fire grate 4, and accordingly, described lower air inlet 5 is positioned at the opposite side of described fire grate 4; The space being positioned in described furnace chamber above described fire grate 4 is solid fuel container cavity 8, and described solid fuel container cavity 8 is from top to bottom divided into Bei Ran district 2 and combustion zone 3, and the height in described Bei Ran district 2 is greater than 150mm; The maximum breadth width A of described fire grate is not more than 1.5 with the height B ratio of described crater; The difference in height C of solid fuel container cavity and crater is not less than 150mm.
When above-mentioned burner uses, to the interior filling solid fuel of solid fuel container cavity 8, solid fuel You Beiran district 2 drops to combustion zone 3, solid fuel particle rolls on fire grate 4, friction, the collision effect producing contributes to peel off the ash content that in combustion process, the fixed carbon surface at fire grate 4 forms, and improves the efficiency of combustion of fixed carbon, solid fuel is piled up in the solid fuel layer that forms even thickness on fire grate 4, by enterprising air port 1 and lower air inlet 5 to the interior blowing air of solid fuel container cavity 8, under radiation and conduction of heat, the interior solid fuel in Bei Ran district 2 heats up gradually, the wind being entered by enterprising air port 1 carries out cooling through Bei Ran district 2 from top to bottom, guarantee in Liao Beiran district 2, to there is stable temperature field, thereby can be slow, stably producing volatile matter burns, in combustion process, enterprising air port 1 is mainly solid-fuelled volatile combustion oxygen supply, lower air inlet 5 is mainly solid-fuelled fixed carbon burning oxygen supply, volatile matter and fixed carbon in whole combustion process all will be burnt according to the two ratio contained in fuel all the time, thereby reach volatile matter in solid fuel and the balance combustion of fixed carbon, in combustion zone 3, solid fuel layer is similar to a parallelogram, ensures that air-flow can pass solid fuel layer uniformly, thereby has ensured the uniformity of combustion zone 3 fixed carbon burnings, ashes after solid fuel ignition see through fire grate 4 and are discharged by described lower air inlet 5, and the heat of generation is diffused out by crater 7.By limiting height, the maximum breadth of fire grate 4 and crater 7 ratio highly in said apparatus Zhong Beiran district 2, and the difference in height of solid fuel container cavity 8 and crater 7, the relation that flows to solid-fuelled air capacity by enterprising air port 1 and lower air inlet 5 can be decided, coordinate the setting that in stove, temperature raises gradually from top to bottom, the fuel that can make solid fuel and newly add is accompanied by the decline process combustion process of Jing Beiran district 2, combustion zone 3 successively in combustion process, thereby reaches volatile matter in solid fuel and the balance combustion of fixed carbon.
On the basis of the above, as transformable embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, described furnace chamber comprises reducing section 9 and expansion segment 10 from top to bottom, described crater 7 is positioned at described expansion segment 10, and the upper end of described crater 7 is positioned at the intersection of described reducing section 9 and expansion segment 10; Stretch out and form fire tube 11 by described crater 7, in the present embodiment, extend to form described fire-outtaking tube 11 by described crater 7 edges perpendicular to fire grate 4 in-planes; On body of heater 6 vertical planes that axially section along crater 7, the line of described crater 7 upper ends and described fire grate 4 upper ends and the angle of fire grate 4 planes are less than 90 °; This is arranged so that on fire grate 4, to form certain thickness solid fuel layer, can be the even air feed of solid fuel layer thereby make lower air inlet, and the solid fuel layer on fire grate 4 can evenly be burnt.Described fire-outtaking tube 11 extends setting straight up away from one end of crater 7.Between described fire grate 4 bottoms and furnace chamber inwall, be provided with ash discharge parts 12, for the gangue of bulk and incombustible are discharged.
Except above-mentioned burner, the present invention also proposes a kind of method of solid fuel clean burning, and solid fuel carries out standby combustion and burning from top to bottom successively, and standby combustion is highly greater than 150mm; The width of solid-fuelled maximum combustion breadth and crater 7 height be not more than 1.5; The difference of the standby combustion height of solid fuel and burning height sum and crater 7 height is not less than 150mm.
Although the present invention has carried out detailed elaboration by above-mentioned specific embodiment to it; but; those skilled in the art should be understood that any form that does not exceed claim protection domain made on this basis and the variation of details, all belong to invention which is intended to be protected.
Claims (12)
1. a solid fuel combustion apparatus for tilting fire grate, comprises,
Body of heater (6), is provided with enterprising air port (1) at top or the top of described body of heater (6), and bottom is provided with lower air inlet (5), is provided with furnace chamber in described body of heater (6) inside;
Crater (7), is arranged at the sidepiece of described body of heater (6);
It is characterized in that,
At the tilted fire grate (4) that is provided with of described furnace chamber;
Described enterprising air port (1) and crater (7) are positioned at a side of described fire grate (4), and accordingly, described lower air inlet (5) is positioned at the opposite side of described fire grate (4);
The space that is positioned at described fire grate (4) top in described furnace chamber is solid fuel container cavity (8), and described solid fuel container cavity (8) is from top to bottom divided into Bei Ran district (2) and combustion zone (3), and the height in described Bei Ran district (2) is greater than 150mm;
The maximum breadth width (A) of described fire grate and the height (B) of described crater are than being not more than 1.5;
The difference in height (C) of described solid fuel container cavity and crater is not less than 150mm.
2. burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fire grate (4) is solid-fuelled angle of repose with the angle β of horizontal direction.
3. burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fire grate (4) is not less than 30 ° with the angle β of horizontal direction.
4. according to the arbitrary described burner of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described fire grate (4) is by the setting that is inclined upwardly of the lower end of described crater (7).
5. according to the arbitrary described burner of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, described furnace chamber comprises reducing section (9) and expansion segment (10) from top to bottom, described crater (7) is positioned at described expansion segment (10), and the upper end of described crater (7) is positioned at the intersection of described reducing section (9) and expansion segment (10); Stretch out and form fire tube (11) by described crater (7).
6. burner according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described fire-outtaking tube (11) extends setting straight up away from one end of crater (7).
7. according to the arbitrary described burner of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, on body of heater (6) vertical plane axially sectioning along crater (7), the line of described crater (7) upper end and described fire grate (4) upper end and the angle of fire grate (4) plane are less than 90 °.
8. according to the arbitrary described burner of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, the height of described crater (7) is not less than 200mm.
9. according to the arbitrary described burner of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, described lower air inlet (5) and crater (7) are arranged on the both sides of described body of heater (6).
10. according to the arbitrary described burner of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, between described fire grate (4) bottom and furnace chamber inwall, be provided with ash discharge parts (12).
The combustion method of the solid fuel combustion apparatus of 11. 1 kinds of tilting fire grates, is characterized in that, solid fuel carries out standby combustion and burning from top to bottom successively, and standby combustion is highly greater than 150mm; The ratio of the width of solid-fuelled maximum combustion breadth and crater (7) height is not more than 1.5; The difference of the standby combustion height of solid fuel and burning height sum and crater (7) height is not less than 150mm.
12. combustion methods according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, full solid fuel will be filled in solid fuel container cavity (8), the upper solid fuel layer that forms even thickness of fire grate (4), by enterprising air port (1) and lower air inlet (5) to the interior blowing air of described solid fuel container cavity (8), make from top to bottom Jing Beiran district (2) and combustion zone (3) successively of solid fuel, solid fuel layer on described fire grate (4) evenly burns, ashes after solid fuel ignition see through fire grate (4) and are discharged by described lower air inlet (5), the heat producing is diffused out by crater (7).
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| CN104266485A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-07 | 浙江森波特搪瓷有限公司 | Efficient energy-saving smokeless fire coal kiln and using method |
| CN106287661A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of grate-firing combustion device of vertical lift |
| CN106287661B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-08-17 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of grate-firing combustion device of vertical lift |
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