CN104019199B - 锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器 - Google Patents

锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器 Download PDF

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CN104019199B
CN104019199B CN201410275228.1A CN201410275228A CN104019199B CN 104019199 B CN104019199 B CN 104019199B CN 201410275228 A CN201410275228 A CN 201410275228A CN 104019199 B CN104019199 B CN 104019199B
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CN104019199A (zh
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郝建军
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Chongqing University of Technology
Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H9/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
    • F16H9/125Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members characterised by means for controlling the geometrical interrelationship of pulleys and the endless flexible member, e.g. belt alignment or position of the resulting axial pulley force in the plane perpendicular to the pulley axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0262Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being hydraulic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H2061/66204Control for modifying the ratio control characteristic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器,包括输入轴、输出轴、主从动锥盘、金属V带、凸轮加压装置和泵控闭式液压传动系统;主从动锥盘均由两个可动锥盘构成,金属V带套在输入轴上的两个可动锥盘和输出轴上的两个可动锥盘上,四个可动锥盘上各设有一个油缸;泵控闭式液压传动系统包括双向液压泵、直流电动机、单向阀和油箱;双向液压泵的一边与主动锥盘的两个油缸相通,另一边与从动锥盘的两个油缸相通。本发明采用凸轮加压装置提供夹紧力,不需要消耗能量,液压控制系统只用于改变速比和辅助夹紧,而且用泵控闭式取代开式伺服阀、比例阀液压控制系统,减少了溢流损失,大大降低了能量消耗,达到更节油、更环保。

Description

锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带式无级变速器,尤其是用于金属带式无级变速器(CVT)的控制。
背景技术
金属带式无级变速器(Continuously Variable Transmission,简称CVT) 能够实现传动比连续改变,从而实现传动系与发动机工况的最佳匹配,可改善整车的燃油经济性和动力性, 并提高操纵的方便性和乘坐舒适性,减少排放污染,被认为是理想的汽车传动装置。CVT技术已成为汽车变速传动发展的主要方向,其发展潜力极大,是汽车技术的重要发展领域之一,但现有技术CVT仍存在以下一些不足之处。
从原理上来说,CVT可以通过使发动机始终工作在经济性曲线上而省油,但由于 CVT 自身效率损失较大,导致其节油效果并不如预期理想。目前,装有CVT的汽车,其燃油经济性比液力机械自动变速器(AT)汽车有明显改善,但与手动变速器(MT)汽车相比,只是与其相当,并没有体现出发动机在最佳工作点工作所带来的益处。
其次,由于金属带轴向偏斜问题的存在,限制了无级变速器的变速比和锥盘工作半径的增大。这样,一方面限制了车辆节油的经济车速范围;另一方面限制了可传递转矩的增大;而且,金属带轴向偏斜还使带环承受附加侧向弯曲应力,影响金属带的寿命。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,本发明提供了一种锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器,包括输入轴、输出轴、主动锥盘、从动锥盘、金属V带、凸轮加压装置和泵控闭式液压传动系统;所述主动锥盘安装在输入轴上,所述从动锥盘安装在输出轴上;
所述主动锥盘和从动锥盘均由两个可动锥盘构成,同一轴上的两个可动锥盘通过联接结构连接并与对应的轴滑动配合,所述金属V带套在输入轴上的两个可动锥盘和输出轴上的两个可动锥盘上;
所述输入轴和输出轴上的每个可动锥盘均对应设置一凸轮加压装置,所述凸轮加压装置由设置在对应轴上的凸轮槽、设置在可动锥盘内孔上的凹孔和一端伸进凹孔内、另一端伸进凸轮槽内的圆锥滚子构成,同一轴上的左、右两个凸轮加压装置的凸轮槽是对称设置的,所述可动锥盘通过对应的圆锥滚子与相应的轴转动配合;
四个可动锥盘的外侧上各设有一个油缸,四个油缸的面积相同,同一轴上的两个可动锥盘的油缸分别相通;
所述泵控闭式液压传动系统包括双向液压泵、直流电动机、单向阀和油箱;所述双向液压泵的一边与主动锥盘的两个油缸相通,双向液压泵的另一边与从动锥盘的两个油缸相通,双向液压泵由直流电动机驱动;所述油箱通过管路分别与双向液压泵的两边连接,在油箱与双向液压泵两边连接的管路上分别安装单向阀。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点:
1、采用凸轮自动加压装置提供夹紧力,不需要消耗能量,液压控制系统只用于改变速比和辅助夹紧,而且用泵控闭式取代了开式伺服阀、比例阀液压控制系统,减少了溢流损失,因而大大降低了能量消耗。所以达到了更加节油、环保的目的。
2、主、从动锥盘均为一对可动锥盘,变速时左右锥盘沿轴向同时相向或相背移动,理论上不存在金属带偏斜的情况。由于不受金属带偏斜的限制,从而可以扩大传动比变化范围,并且可以通过加大工作带轮的工作半径和中心距,提高转矩传递能力,同时,也避免了由于金属带偏斜产生的附加的摩擦损失和零件磨损。
3、采用凸轮自动加压方式的无级变速器能随负载扭矩的大小自动调节夹紧力,系统运转稳定可靠,同时提高了传动效率和零件寿命。
4、采用闭式液压传动控制系统改变速比和凸轮自动加压装置提供夹紧力,不存在目前电液控制系统中速比控制和夹紧力控制互相耦合的问题,控制简单。
附图说明
图1为锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器的结构示意图;
图2为泵控闭式液压传动系统的示意图。
图中: 1—输入轴; 2—油缸; 3—输出轴; 4—凸轮加压装置; 5—凸轮槽; 6—圆锥滚子; 8—从动锥盘; 9—金属V带; 10—主动锥盘; 12—油孔; 13—双向液压泵; 14—直流电动机; 15—单向阀; 16—油箱。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细地描述。
如图1所示,锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器,包括输入轴1、输出轴3、主动锥盘10、从动锥盘8、金属V带9、凸轮加压装置4和泵控闭式液压传动系统。主动锥盘10安装在输入轴1上,从动锥盘8安装在输出轴3上。
其中,主动锥盘10和从动锥盘8均由两个可动锥盘构成,同一轴上的两个可动锥盘通过联接结构连接并与对应的轴滑动配合,金属V带9套在输入轴1上的两个可动锥盘和输出轴3上的两个可动锥盘上。四个可动锥盘的外侧上各设有一个油缸2,四个油缸2的面积相同,同一轴上的两个可动锥盘的油缸2分别相通。
输入轴1和输出轴3上的每个可动锥盘均对应设置一凸轮加压装置4,凸轮加压装置4由设置在对应轴上的凸轮槽5、设置在可动锥盘内孔上的凹孔和一端伸进凹孔内、另一端伸进凸轮槽5内的圆锥滚子6构成,同一轴上的左、右两个凸轮加压装置4的凸轮槽5是对称设置的,凸轮槽的升角沿轴向是变化的,以适应不同传动比时(不同传动比对应着锥盘在轴上的不同位置),锥盘对金属带夹紧力大小与传动轴转矩比例不同的需要;此外,输入轴与输出轴上凸轮槽升角的变化规律也是不同的,以适应各个传动比下,主动锥盘及从动锥盘对金属带夹紧力大小不同的需要。可动锥盘通过对应的圆锥滚子6与相应的轴转动配合。输入轴1和输出轴3上分别沿轴向设置有油孔12,每个轴上的油孔12与该轴上的两个油缸2均连通。
如图2所示,泵控闭式液压传动系统包括双向液压泵13、直流电动机14、单向阀15和油箱16。双向液压泵13的一边与主动锥盘10的两个油缸2相通,双向液压泵13的另一边与从动锥盘8的两个油缸2相通,双向液压泵13由直流电动机14驱动。油箱16通过管路分别与双向液压泵13的两边连接,在油箱16与双向液压泵13两边连接的管路上分别安装单向阀15。
在该锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器中,当需要增大传动比时,图2中的双向液压泵13在直流电动机14的作用下,就会向从动锥盘8中的油缸2泵入液压油,使两从动锥盘8向内做轴向运动。在力的作用下,金属V带9在从动锥盘8内向下滑动,两从动锥盘8间的间距减小,从动锥盘8工作半径增大,通过金属V带9的作用,两主动锥盘10向外做轴向运动,两主动锥盘10间的间距增大,主动锥盘10的工作半径减小,从而实现传动比增大。当需要减小传动比时,图2中的双向液压泵13在直流电动机14的作用下,就会向主动锥盘10中的油缸2泵入液压油,使两主动锥盘10向内做轴向运动,两主动锥盘10间的间距减小,工作半径增大,两从动锥盘8向外做轴向运动,两从动锥盘8间的间距增大,工作半径减小,从而实现传动比减小。
当发动机向输入轴1传递更大的转矩时,主动锥盘10上的凸轮加压装置4就会自动地增大夹紧力,使金属V带9传递更大的转矩,从动锥盘8上的凸轮加压装置4会作出相应的变化,使主、从动锥盘的夹紧力达到新的平衡状态,实现扭矩的传递。同理可得,当外界负载发生变化时,主、从动锥盘上的凸轮加压装置4会自动地改变夹紧力,使系统稳定运转。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (1)

1.锥盘对称移动金属带式无级变速器,包括输入轴(1)、输出轴(3)、主动锥盘(10)、从动锥盘(8)和金属V带(9);所述主动锥盘(10)安装在输入轴(1)上,所述从动锥盘(8)安装在输出轴(3)上;其特征在于:还包括凸轮加压装置(4)和泵控闭式液压传动系统;
所述主动锥盘(10)和从动锥盘(8)均由两个可动锥盘构成,同一轴上的两个可动锥盘通过联接结构连接并与对应的轴滑动配合,所述金属V带(9)套在输入轴(1)上的两个可动锥盘和输出轴(3)上的两个可动锥盘上;
所述输入轴(1)和输出轴(3)上的每个可动锥盘均对应设置一凸轮加压装置(4),所述凸轮加压装置(4)由设置在对应轴上的凸轮槽(5)、设置在可动锥盘内孔上的凹孔和一端伸进凹孔内、另一端伸进凸轮槽(5)内的圆锥滚子(6)构成,同一轴上的左、右两个凸轮加压装置(4)的凸轮槽(5)是对称设置的,所述可动锥盘通过对应的圆锥滚子(6)与相应的轴转动配合;
四个可动锥盘的外侧上各设有一个油缸(2),四个油缸(2)的面积相同,同一轴上的两个可动锥盘的油缸(2)分别相通;
所述泵控闭式液压传动系统包括双向液压泵(13)、直流电动机(14)、单向阀(15)和油箱(16);所述双向液压泵(13)的一边与主动锥盘(10)的两个油缸(2)相通,双向液压泵(13)的另一边与从动锥盘(8)的两个油缸(2)相通,双向液压泵(13)由直流电动机(14)驱动;所述油箱(16)通过管路分别与双向液压泵(13)的两边连接,在油箱(16)与双向液压泵(13)两边连接的管路上分别安装单向阀(15)。
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