CN104018005B - Nickel matte bottom blowing converting process and nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace - Google Patents
Nickel matte bottom blowing converting process and nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种镍锍底吹吹炼工艺和镍锍底吹吹炼炉。所述镍锍底吹吹炼工艺包括以下步骤：将低镍锍和熔剂加入到镍锍底吹吹炼炉内；利用底吹喷枪从所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的底部向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的熔体内连续吹入含氧气体；当镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的镍锍含铁量达到第一预定值时，排出吹炼渣；继续向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的熔体内连续吹入含氧气体且不再加入低镍锍；和当所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的镍锍含铁量达到第二预定值时，从所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内排出高镍锍。根据本发明的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺和镍锍底吹吹炼炉，可实现镍锍的连续吹炼，产生的烟气连续，量少而稳定，SO2浓度稳定，环保好，效率高，高镍锍和烟气制酸生产成本低。
The invention discloses a nickel matte bottom blowing converting process and a nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace. The nickel matte bottom-blowing converting process comprises the following steps: adding low-nickel matte and flux into the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace; Continuously blow oxygen-containing gas into the melt in the matte bottom-blowing converting furnace; when the iron content of the nickel matte in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace reaches the first predetermined value, discharge the blowing slag; Continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the melt in the matte bottom blowing converting furnace and no longer adding low nickel matte; and when the nickel matte iron content in the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace reaches the second predetermined value, The high-nickel matte is discharged from the nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace. According to the nickel matte bottom blowing converting process and the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace of the present invention, the continuous blowing of nickel matte can be realized, the flue gas produced is continuous, the amount is small and stable, the SO2 concentration is stable, the environment is good, and the efficiency is high , high nickel matte and flue gas acid production cost is low.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及有色冶金技术领域，尤其是涉及镍锍底吹吹炼工艺和镍锍底吹吹炼炉。The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to a nickel matte bottom blowing converting process and a nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace.
背景技术Background technique
从硫化矿中提取镍的冶金方法主要采用火法冶金，其工艺流程主要是硫化镍精矿在电炉、闪速炉或其他熔炼炉内进行熔炼得到低镍锍，低镍锍在吹炼炉内经过吹炼得到高镍锍，高镍锍再经过进一步处理得到电镍、镍粉、镍丸等镍产品，并回收伴生的钴、铜、铂族金属和稀贵金属。目前，镍锍的吹炼主要采用PS转炉，液态低镍锍通过吊车和熔体包被周期性地加入到PS转炉内，从PS转炉侧部风口向镍锍熔池鼓入含氧气体，将镍锍中的硫化亚铁氧化并与加入的石英熔剂造渣，得到高镍锍和吹炼渣。一批次的镍锍吹炼完成后，排出高镍锍和吹炼渣，然后加入下一批次的镍锍进行吹炼。PS转炉吹炼作业只能间断进行，作业过程中炉体需要多次旋转停风才能实现加料、排渣、排高镍锍、清理炉口等操作，炉体不能完全密闭，因此作业率低，效率低，炉体内熔体温度波动大，吹炼烟气漏风量大且不稳定，烟气含SO2浓度低，烟气处理成本高；PS转炉炉寿命短，维护费用高，吹炼成本高；熔体倒运和镍锍吹炼过程中低浓度二氧化硫烟气逸散到车间内，低空污染严重；熔体倒运过程还存在重大安全隐患。The metallurgical method of extracting nickel from sulfide ore mainly adopts pyrometallurgy, and its technological process is mainly to smelt nickel sulfide concentrate in electric furnace, flash furnace or other smelting furnaces to obtain low-nickel matte, and low-nickel matte in blowing furnace High-nickel matte is obtained through blowing, and the high-nickel matte is further processed to obtain nickel products such as electro-nickel, nickel powder, nickel pellets, and associated cobalt, copper, platinum group metals and rare precious metals. At present, PS converter is mainly used for blowing nickel matte. Liquid low-nickel matte is periodically added to PS converter through crane and melt coating, and oxygen-containing gas is blown into nickel matte molten pool from side tuyeres of PS converter. Ferrous sulfide in nickel matte is oxidized and slagged with added quartz flux to obtain high nickel matte and blowing slag. After a batch of nickel matte blowing is completed, the high nickel matte and blowing slag are discharged, and then the next batch of nickel matte is added for blowing. The blowing operation of PS converter can only be carried out intermittently. During the operation, the furnace body needs to be rotated and stopped several times to realize operations such as feeding, slag discharge, nickel matte discharge, and furnace mouth cleaning. The furnace body cannot be completely sealed, so the operation rate is low. Low efficiency, large melt temperature fluctuations in the furnace body, large and unstable blowing flue gas leakage, low SO2 concentration in flue gas, and high flue gas treatment costs; PS converter has short service life, high maintenance costs, and high blowing costs; Low-concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas escapes into the workshop during the melt transfer and nickel matte blowing process, causing serious low-altitude pollution; there are also major safety hazards in the melt transfer process.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一或至少提供一种有用的商业选择。The present invention aims at solving one of the above technical problems at least to a certain extent or at least providing a useful commercial choice.
为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种镍锍底吹吹炼工艺，利用该镍锍底吹吹炼工艺，可实现镍锍的连续吹炼，产生的烟气量少，与PS转炉相比烟气含SO2浓度较高且稳定，操作环境好，环保好，效率高，高镍锍和烟气制酸生产成本低。For this reason, an object of the present invention is to propose a kind of nickel matte bottom blowing conversion process, utilize this nickel matte bottom blowing conversion process, can realize the continuous blowing of nickel matte, the flue gas amount that produces is few, and PS converter is comparable Compared with the flue gas, the concentration of SO2 is higher and stable, the operating environment is good, the environment is good, the efficiency is high, the production cost of acid production with high nickel matte and flue gas is low.
本发明的另一目的在于提出一种可以实现上述工艺的镍锍底吹吹炼炉。Another object of the present invention is to propose a nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace that can realize the above process.
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明第一方面的实施例提出一种镍锍底吹吹炼工艺，所述镍锍底吹吹炼工艺包括以下步骤：将低镍锍和熔剂加入到镍锍底吹吹炼炉内；利用底吹喷枪从所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的底部向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的熔体内连续吹入含氧气体；当所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的镍锍含铁量达到第一预定值时，排出吹炼渣；利用底吹喷枪从所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的底部继续向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的熔体内连续吹入含氧气体且不再加入低镍锍；和当所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的镍锍含铁量达到第二预定值时，从所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内排出高镍锍。In order to achieve the above object, according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a nickel matte bottom blowing conversion process is proposed, and the nickel matte bottom blowing conversion process includes the following steps: adding low nickel matte and flux to the nickel matte bottom blowing process. In the blowing furnace; Utilize the bottom-blowing lance to continuously blow oxygen-containing gas into the melt in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace from the bottom of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace; when the nickel matte bottom-blowing When the iron content of the nickel matte in the converting furnace reaches the first predetermined value, the blowing slag is discharged; the bottom blowing lance is used to continue blowing into the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace from the bottom of the nickel matte converting furnace. Continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the melt and no longer adding low-nickel matte; and when the nickel matte iron content in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace reaches the second predetermined value, blowing from the nickel matte bottom High nickel matte is discharged from the converting furnace.
根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺，通过利用底吹喷枪从所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的底部向镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的熔体内连续吹入含氧气体，可以实现连续吹炼，提高效率，降低成本，而且烟气量少，烟气浓度稳定，烟气逸出少，环保性能好，降低了污染。According to the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting process of the embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing the bottom-blowing lance from the bottom of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace to continuously blow oxygen-containing gas into the melt in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace , It can realize continuous blowing, improve efficiency, reduce cost, and has less flue gas volume, stable flue gas concentration, less flue gas escape, good environmental protection performance, and reduced pollution.
此外，当镍锍含铁量达到第一预定值时排出吹炼渣，实际上是在镍锍尚未吹炼到满足高镍锍品质要求的情况下先行排渣，这样能够确保渣中有价金属含量较少，减轻甚至免去弃渣回收利用的压力。在排渣后，继续吹炼使镍锍含铁量达到第二预定值，此时镍锍已经吹炼到位，可以排出高镍锍，进入下一步处理环节。In addition, the blowing slag is discharged when the iron content of the nickel matte reaches the first predetermined value. In fact, the slag is discharged first before the nickel matte is blown to meet the high-nickel matte quality requirements, so that the valuable metals in the slag can be guaranteed The content is less, reducing or even eliminating the pressure of waste slag recycling. After slagging, continue blowing to make the iron content of the nickel matte reach the second predetermined value. At this time, the nickel matte has been blown in place, and the high-nickel matte can be discharged to enter the next step of processing.
对于继续从第一预定值吹炼到第二预定值过程中产生的新的吹炼渣，其中含有较多的镍，当加入镍锍底吹吹炼炉的低镍锍中含钴时，大量的钴也会富集在新的吹炼渣中。对于该新的吹炼渣，有两种处理方案可供选择：第一种是不排出该新的吹炼渣，在排出高镍锍后，向镍锍底吹吹炼炉加入新的低镍锍，使炉内状态回到吹炼起始状态，此时富集在新的吹炼渣中的镍、钴等有价金属会重新还原到镍锍中，当镍锍含铁量再次吹炼到第一预定值时，再排出吹炼渣。第二种处理方案是排出该新的吹炼渣，送到后续环节回收其中各种有价金属。采用第二种处理方案时，后续环节采用何种工艺技术进行回收，本发明不予限制。For the new blowing slag produced in the process of continuing to blow from the first predetermined value to the second predetermined value, which contains more nickel, when the low nickel matte added to the nickel matte bottom blowing converter contains cobalt, a large amount The cobalt will also be enriched in the new converting slag. For the new blowing slag, there are two treatment options: the first one is not to discharge the new blowing slag, after discharging the high-nickel matte, add new low-nickel matte to the nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace Matte, so that the state in the furnace returns to the initial state of blowing. At this time, the nickel, cobalt and other valuable metals enriched in the new blowing slag will be restored to the nickel matte. When the iron content of the nickel matte is blown again When the first predetermined value is reached, the blowing slag is discharged. The second treatment scheme is to discharge the new blowing slag and send it to the subsequent link to recover various valuable metals therein. When adopting the second treatment scheme, the present invention does not limit what process technology is used for recovery in the subsequent link.
当然，也可以将上述第一、第二种处理方案相结合，即：部分排出新的吹炼渣，对于留在炉内的渣，按照第一种处理方案进行处理，对于排出的渣，采用第二种处理方案进行处理。Of course, it is also possible to combine the above-mentioned first and second treatment schemes, that is, partly discharge the new blowing slag, and treat the slag left in the furnace according to the first treatment scheme, and use the The second treatment option is processed.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述含氧气体被连续吹入到所述熔体的镍锍层内。According to one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen-containing gas is continuously blown into the nickel matte layer of the melt.
通过向镍锍熔体中连续吹入含氧气体，可使吹炼过程产生的烟气量均衡连续稳定，气量少、成分稳定，烟气余热回收、净化和制酸系统工况稳定，大幅降低烟气处理系统的建设费用和运行成本。By continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte melt, the amount of flue gas generated during the blowing process can be balanced, continuous and stable, the gas amount is small, the composition is stable, and the working conditions of the flue gas waste heat recovery, purification and acid production systems are stable, which can be greatly reduced. The construction cost and operation cost of the flue gas treatment system.
在所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内，镍锍层C1位于吹炼渣层C2下方，通过向镍锍层C1底部连续吹入含氧气体，可以更好地搅动熔体，优化吹炼气体在熔体内的分布，延长吹入的氧气在镍锍层C1内滞留时间长、反应更加充分，在利用吹入气体有效冷却保护喷枪的同时，提高了吹炼氧气的利用率，这可以减小含氧气体的用量，降低成本。此外由于底部连续吹入含氧气体可以使反应更加充分，从而避免了含氧气体浪费，这可以减小含氧气体的用量，进一步降低成本。In the nickel matte bottom blowing furnace, the nickel matte layer C1 is located below the blowing slag layer C2, and by continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas to the bottom of the nickel matte layer C1, the melt can be better stirred and the blowing gas can be optimized The distribution in the melt prolongs the residence time of the blown oxygen in the nickel matte layer C1, and the reaction is more sufficient. While using the blown gas to effectively cool and protect the spray gun, the utilization rate of blowing oxygen is improved, which can reduce The consumption of small oxygen-containing gas reduces the cost. In addition, the continuous blowing of oxygen-containing gas at the bottom can make the reaction more complete, thus avoiding the waste of oxygen-containing gas, which can reduce the consumption of oxygen-containing gas and further reduce the cost.
而且，通过向镍锍层内连续吹入含氧气体，可以使镍锍层底部的氧势最高，由下而上氧势逐步下降，这不但能够将夹杂在镍锍层中的杂质元素（Zn、Pb等）氧化除去，且有利于抑制吹炼渣层中NiO和Fe3O4的生成量，防止Fe3O4沉淀和泡沫渣的生成。Moreover, by continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte layer, the oxygen potential at the bottom of the nickel matte layer can be made the highest, and the oxygen potential gradually decreases from bottom to top, which can not only remove the impurity elements (Zn , Pb, etc.) are oxidized and removed, and it is beneficial to suppress the formation of NiO and Fe 3 O 4 in the blowing slag layer, and prevent the precipitation of Fe 3 O 4 and the formation of foamy slag.
通过向所述镍锍层内连续吹入含氧气体，可以使熔池内物理化学反应稳定进行，炉温保持稳定，克服了周期性吹炼作业温度波动大的缺点，有利于大幅度提高所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的使用寿命，降低了耐火材料消耗和维修工作量，从而降低了炼镍成本。而且所述镍锍底吹吹炼工艺可以使烟气量和烟气中的SO2含量稳定均衡，炉体不需要经常转动，从而使漏风率大幅下降。By continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte layer, the physical and chemical reactions in the molten pool can be stably carried out, and the furnace temperature can be kept stable. The service life of the nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace reduces the consumption of refractory materials and the workload of maintenance, thereby reducing the cost of nickel smelting. Moreover, the nickel matte bottom blowing process can make the amount of flue gas and the SO content in the flue gas stable and balanced, and the furnace body does not need to be rotated frequently, so that the air leakage rate is greatly reduced.
通过向所述镍锍层内连续吹入含氧气体，可以实现在保持连续吹炼的同时进行加料、排渣、排高镍锍等操作，可以避免旋转炉体通过排烟炉口进行加料、排渣、排高镍锍的周期性作业制度，大幅提高了吹炼过程密闭化程度，大幅减小了吹炼烟气外逸的几率，吹炼过程环保条件与水平显著提高，同时也克服了转炉周期作业烟气量和烟气成分波动大的缺点，有利于制酸，降低了酸厂投资和运行成本。By continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte layer, operations such as feeding, slag removal, and high nickel matte removal can be performed while maintaining continuous blowing, and it is possible to avoid feeding the rotating furnace body through the exhaust furnace mouth, The periodic operation system of slag discharge and high-nickel matte discharge has greatly improved the sealing degree of the blowing process, greatly reduced the probability of blowing flue gas escape, and significantly improved the environmental protection conditions and levels of the blowing process. The shortcomings of fluctuating flue gas volume and flue gas composition during converter cycle operation are beneficial to acid production and reduce investment and operating costs of acid plants.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一预定值选择范围是所述镍锍含铁量的质量百分数达到8-16%。当镍锍含铁量达到该范围时，镍锍尚未吹炼到满足高镍锍品质要求，渣中有价金属含量较低，此时排出吹炼渣则有价金属损失较小，吹炼直收率高。当然，镍锍含铁量大于16%的情况下，渣中有价金属含量更低，这种情况下也可以排出吹炼渣，但本发明认为该范围为8-16%是更为合理的范围。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the selection range of the first predetermined value is that the mass percentage of the iron content in the nickel matte reaches 8-16%. When the iron content of the nickel matte reaches this range, the nickel matte has not yet been blown to meet the quality requirements of high nickel matte, and the content of valuable metals in the slag is low. The yield is high. Of course, when the iron content of the nickel matte is greater than 16%, the valuable metal content in the slag is lower, and the blowing slag can also be discharged in this case, but the present invention thinks that the range is 8-16% is more reasonable scope.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一预定值选择范围是所述镍锍含铁量的质量百分数达到10-14%。与前述8-16%相比，将第一预定值选择范围确定为10-14%能够获得更好的经济性。实际生产中，可以把过程控制目标设定在10-14%之间，因生产中各种因素造成排渣时镍锍含铁量超出这一范围的，只要差距不悬殊，也可认为处于合理范围。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the selection range of the first predetermined value is that the mass percentage of the iron content in the nickel matte reaches 10-14%. Compared with the aforementioned 8-16%, determining the selection range of the first predetermined value as 10-14% can obtain better economic efficiency. In actual production, the process control target can be set between 10-14%. If the iron content of nickel matte exceeds this range during slag discharge due to various factors in production, as long as the difference is not too great, it can also be considered to be in a reasonable range. scope.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第二预定值选择范围是所述镍锍含铁量的质量百分数达到1-5%。当镍锍含铁量达到该范围时，可以认为镍锍已经吹炼到位，镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的镍锍已经达到高镍锍品质要求，此时可以排出高镍锍。当然，这并不是说镍锍含铁量小于1%或大于5%时镍锍不满足高镍锍品质要求，只是本发明认为该范围为2-4%是更为合理的范围。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the selection range of the second predetermined value is that the iron content of the nickel matte reaches 1-5% by mass. When the iron content of the nickel matte reaches this range, it can be considered that the nickel matte has been blown in place, and the nickel matte in the nickel matte bottom-blowing conversion furnace has reached the quality requirement of high nickel matte, and the high nickel matte can be discharged at this time. Of course, this is not to say that the nickel matte does not meet the high nickel matte quality requirements when the iron content of the nickel matte is less than 1% or greater than 5%, but the present invention thinks that the range is 2-4% is a more reasonable range.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第二预定值选择范围是所述镍锍含铁量的质量百分数达到2-4%。与前述1-5%相比，将第二预定值选择范围确定为2-4%能够获得更好的经济性。实际生产中，可以把过程控制目标设定在2-4%之间，因生产中各种因素造成排出高镍锍时镍锍含铁量超出这一范围的，只要差距不悬殊，也可认为处于合理范围。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the selection range of the second predetermined value is that the iron content of the nickel matte reaches 2-4% by mass. Compared with the aforementioned 1-5%, determining the selection range of the second predetermined value as 2-4% can obtain better economic efficiency. In actual production, the process control target can be set between 2-4%. Due to various factors in production, when the iron content of nickel matte exceeds this range when high nickel matte is discharged, as long as the difference is not too great, it can also be considered as within a reasonable range.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述低镍锍为固态低镍锍。根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺，可以处理固态低镍锍，而且通过向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内加入固态低镍锍，可以更加容易地、精确地对低镍锍的加入量进行计量和控制，可以更加容易地、精确地控制低镍锍与含氧气体（氧量）的用量比。由此可以更加容易地控制吹炼过程，通过这种控制可以实现吹炼过程连续稳定和吹炼产品品质的稳定控制。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the low-nickel matte is solid low-nickel matte. According to the nickel matte bottom blowing converting process of the embodiment of the present invention, solid low nickel matte can be processed, and by adding solid low nickel matte in the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace, low nickel can be more easily and accurately The amount of matte added is measured and controlled, which can more easily and accurately control the ratio of low-nickel matte to oxygen-containing gas (oxygen content). Therefore, the blowing process can be controlled more easily, and the continuous stability of the blowing process and the stable control of the quality of the blowing product can be realized through this control.
由于可以精确地控制低镍锍与含氧气体的用量比，从而可以避免因含氧气体喷入过多而导致镍锍过氧化形成的过多镍被氧化进入炉渣降低吹炼直收率，避免炉渣中铁的过氧化产生过多的磁性铁形成泡沫渣出现安全事故，还可以避免因含氧气体喷入过少而导致吹炼产品高镍锍含有过多的杂质（铁、硫等）影响后续工艺的稳定运行，从而为吹炼过程安全稳定运行和产品质量保障创造更好地条件。Because the dosage ratio of low-nickel matte and oxygen-containing gas can be precisely controlled, it can avoid excessive nickel formed by over-oxidation of nickel matte due to excessive injection of oxygen-containing gas to be oxidized into the slag, reducing the direct yield of blowing, and avoiding The peroxidation of iron in the slag produces too much magnetic iron to form foamy slag, causing safety accidents, and it can also avoid the impact of excessive impurities (iron, sulfur, etc.) in the blowing product high-nickel matte due to too little oxygen-containing gas injection The stable operation of the process creates better conditions for the safe and stable operation of the blowing process and product quality assurance.
通过向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内加入固态低镍锍，可以大幅提高吹入镍锍熔体中的反应气体含氧浓度，大幅降低吹炼烟气量、提高烟气二氧化硫浓度，大幅降低吹炼烟气的处理成本。By adding solid low-nickel matte into the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace, the oxygen concentration of the reaction gas blown into the nickel matte melt can be greatly increased, the amount of blowing flue gas can be greatly reduced, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas can be increased, and the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas can be greatly increased. Reduce the processing cost of blowing flue gas.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述固态低镍锍通过加料溜管或加料溜槽加入到所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内或通过气流吹送到所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内。由此可以更加方便地、容易地将所述固态低镍锍加入到所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solid low-nickel matte is fed into the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace through a feeding chute or a feeding chute or blown into the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace through airflow. Thus, the solid low-nickel matte can be added more conveniently and easily into the nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述固态低镍锍被连续地加入所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内。由此可以连续化处理低镍锍，结合连续吹入含氧气体，进一步提高处理效率。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solid low-nickel matte is continuously fed into the nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace. Therefore, the low-nickel matte can be treated continuously, combined with the continuous blowing of oxygen-containing gas, the treatment efficiency is further improved.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述低镍锍为熔融的液态低镍锍。例如利用镍锍包将低镍锍通过所述镍锍底吹吹炼装置的加料口直接倒入所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内；或者将镍锍包中的低镍锍经溜槽加入到所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内；或者将镍锍包中的低镍锍倒入保温包，然后将所述保温包中的低镍锍经溜槽加入到所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内；或者直接用溜槽连接镍熔炼炉和镍锍底吹吹炼炉，从而将镍熔炼炉生产的液态低镍锍送入镍锍底吹吹炼炉。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the low-nickel matte is molten liquid low-nickel matte. For example, utilize the nickel matte bag to directly pour the low nickel matte into the described nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace through the charging port of the nickel matte bottom blowing converting device; perhaps the low nickel matte in the nickel matte bag is added into the In the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace; or pour the low-nickel matte in the nickel matte bag into the heat preservation bag, and then add the low-nickel matte in the heat preservation bag to the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace through the chute or directly connect the nickel smelting furnace and the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace with a chute, so that the liquid low-nickel matte produced by the nickel smelting furnace is sent to the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪设在所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的炉体的水平中心线以下。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom-blowing lance is arranged below the horizontal centerline of the furnace body of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α在-120度至+120度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle α between the bottom blowing lance and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -120° to +120°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α在-60度至+60度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle α between the bottom blowing lance and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -60° to +60°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α在-30度至+30度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle α between the bottom blowing lance and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -30° to +30°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与正交于所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的轴向的方向之间的夹角β在-30度至+30度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle β between the bottom-blowing lance and the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace is in the range of -30° to +30°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述夹角β为0度。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the included angle β is 0 degree.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述镍锍底吹吹炼工艺还包括向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内加入冶炼过程中产生的各种含镍中间物料或外购含镍物料（统称为冷料）。通过向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内加入冷料，既可以充分利用吹炼过程中产生的化学反应热节约能源，又便于稳定调节和控制吹炼温度，由此降低能耗和吹炼成本，进一步扩大了工艺适用范围。According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nickel matte bottom-blown converting process also includes adding various nickel-containing intermediate materials or purchased nickel-containing materials (collectively referred to as for cold feed). By adding cold material into the nickel matte bottom blowing furnace, the chemical reaction heat generated in the blowing process can be fully used to save energy, and it is convenient to stably adjust and control the blowing temperature, thereby reducing energy consumption and blowing The cost further expands the scope of application of the process.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述熔剂为石英石、石英石与石灰的混合物和石英石与石灰石的混合物中的至少一种。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flux is at least one of quartz stone, a mixture of quartz stone and lime, and a mixture of quartz stone and limestone.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述吹炼渣通过溢流方式连续排放。由此可以方便地排放吹炼渣，减少人工操作。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the blowing slag is discharged continuously through overflow. In this way, blowing slag can be discharged conveniently and manual operation can be reduced.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述高镍锍通过虹吸方式连续排放。这样可以在吹炼炉内镍锍积累到一定量时一次性放出较多的高镍锍。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-nickel matte is discharged continuously by siphon. In this way, when the nickel matte accumulates to a certain amount in the converting furnace, more high-nickel matte can be released at one time.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的吹炼温度为1150-1330摄氏度。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the converting temperature in the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace is 1150-1330 degrees Celsius.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的吹炼温度为1200-1280摄氏度。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the converting temperature in the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace is 1200-1280 degrees Celsius.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述含氧气体的炉前压力为0.2-0.8MPa。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the furnace pressure of the oxygen-containing gas is 0.2-0.8 MPa.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述含氧气体的炉前压力为0.4-0.6MPa。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the furnace pressure of the oxygen-containing gas is 0.4-0.6 MPa.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述含氧气体的氧气浓度为20-99.6%。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas is 20-99.6%.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述含氧气体的氧气浓度为30-75%。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas is 30-75%.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪还向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内喷入氮气。通过喷入氮气，不但可以对喷枪进行冷却，而且可以对镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的熔体进行搅拌，进一步提高吹炼效果，提高吹炼产品高镍锍的品质。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom blowing lance also injects nitrogen into the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace. By injecting nitrogen, not only can the spray gun be cooled, but also the melt in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace can be stirred to further improve the converting effect and improve the quality of the converted high-nickel matte.
根据本发明第二方面的实施例提出一种镍锍底吹吹炼炉，包括：炉体，所述炉体内具有炉腔，所述炉体具有用于向所述炉腔内加入包括低镍锍的物料的加料口、用于排放吹炼渣的排渣口、用于排出高镍锍的高镍锍排放口、用于排出烟气的出烟口和设在所述炉体的底部的喷枪插孔；和底吹喷枪，所述底吹喷枪插入到所述喷枪插孔内，用于向所述炉腔内的熔体内连续地吹入含氧气体。According to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, a nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace is proposed, comprising: a furnace body, the furnace body has a furnace chamber, and the furnace body has a furnace chamber for adding low nickel The feeding port for matte material, the slag discharge port for discharging blowing slag, the high-nickel matte discharge port for discharging high-nickel matte, the smoke outlet for discharging flue gas and the bottom of the furnace body a lance insertion hole; and a bottom blowing lance inserted into the lance insertion hole for continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the melt in the furnace cavity.
根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉具有处理镍锍效率高，环保性好，高镍锍品质高，炉体寿命长的优点。The nickel matte bottom-blowing conversion furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of high efficiency in treating nickel matte, good environmental protection, high quality of high-nickel matte, and long service life of the furnace body.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述加料口包括用于向所述炉腔内加入低镍锍和熔剂的第一加料口和用于向所述炉腔内加入冷料的第二加料口。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feed port includes a first feed port for adding low-nickel matte and flux into the furnace cavity and a second feed port for adding cold material into the furnace cavity.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述加料口与所述出烟口共用一个开口。由此可以减少所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的开口数量，降低加工难度，提高密封性能，减少炉体的漏风量，环保性能进一步提高。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding port and the smoke outlet share an opening. Thereby, the number of openings of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace can be reduced, the processing difficulty can be reduced, the sealing performance can be improved, the air leakage of the furnace body can be reduced, and the environmental protection performance can be further improved.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪将所述含氧气体连续吹入所述熔体的镍锍层内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom blowing lance continuously blows the oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte layer of the melt.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述低镍锍为固态低镍锍或或熔融的液态低镍锍。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the low-nickel matte is solid low-nickel matte or molten liquid low-nickel matte.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述炉体为可转动的圆筒形卧式容器。通过转动，可以方便更换底吹喷枪。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the furnace body is a rotatable cylindrical horizontal container. By turning, the bottom blowing spray gun can be easily replaced.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪布置在所述炉体的水平中心线以下。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom blowing lance is arranged below the horizontal centerline of the furnace body.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α在-120度至+120度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle α between the bottom blowing lance and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -120° to +120°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α在-60度至+60度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle α between the bottom blowing lance and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -60° to +60°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α在-30度至+30度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle α between the bottom blowing lance and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -30° to +30°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与正交于所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的轴向的方向之间的夹角β在-30度至+30度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle β between the bottom-blowing lance and the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace is in the range of -30° to +30°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪与正交于所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的轴向的方向之间的夹角β为0度。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle β between the bottom-blowing lance and the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace is 0 degree.
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and comprehensible from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉的炉体的横向剖视图；Fig. 2 is the transverse sectional view of the furnace body of the nickel matte bottom blowing conversion furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention;
图3是根据本发明另一个实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉的炉体的横向剖视图；Fig. 3 is the transverse sectional view of the furnace body of the nickel matte bottom blowing conversion furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉的在竖直平面上的投影的示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the projection on the vertical plane of the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention;
图5是根据本发明一个实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺的流程图。Fig. 5 is a flow chart of nickel matte bottom blowing conversion process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
镍锍底吹吹炼炉1、炉体10、炉腔101、加料口102、排渣口103、高镍锍排放口104、出烟口105、喷枪插孔106、底吹喷枪20、托座30、托圈40、齿圈50、驱动装置60、镍锍层C1、吹炼渣层C2、L1镍锍液线、L2吹炼渣液线。Nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace 1, furnace body 10, furnace cavity 101, feeding port 102, slag discharge port 103, high-nickel matte discharge port 104, smoke outlet 105, spray gun socket 106, bottom blowing spray gun 20, bracket 30. Support ring 40, ring gear 50, driving device 60, nickel matte layer C1, blowing slag layer C2, L1 nickel matte liquid line, L2 blowing slag liquid line.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Orientation or position indicated by "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. The relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore It should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "on" or "under" a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, and may also include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through another characteristic contact between them. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "under" the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
需要特别说明的是：为便于描述和理解，在本发明中提到的镍锍、高镍锍、低镍锍的含义与其通常含义有所区别。在本发明所述的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺中，镍锍底吹吹炼炉中的熔体分为上下两层，上层是吹炼渣层，下层是镍锍层。本发明中提到的镍锍特指镍锍层中的镍锍，与本发明中提到的高镍锍、低镍锍是并列关系而非包含/被包含关系。本发明中提到的低镍锍是进入镍锍底吹吹炼炉的一种物料，该物料在镍锍底吹吹炼炉内熔化后即成为本发明所说的镍锍，不再称为低镍锍；本发明中提到的高镍锍是从镍锍底吹吹炼炉排出的产品，该产品尚未排出时仍称为镍锍，而非高镍锍。It should be noted that: for the convenience of description and understanding, the meanings of nickel matte, high nickel matte and low nickel matte mentioned in the present invention are different from their usual meanings. In the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting process described in the present invention, the melt in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace is divided into upper and lower layers, the upper layer is the blowing slag layer, and the lower layer is the nickel matte layer. The nickel matte mentioned in the present invention specifically refers to the nickel matte in the nickel matte layer, and the high-nickel matte and low-nickel matte mentioned in the present invention are in a parallel relationship rather than a contained/contained relationship. The low-nickel matte mentioned in the present invention is a kind of material that enters the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace. After the material is melted in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace, it becomes the said nickel matte of the present invention, which is no longer called Low-nickel matte; the high-nickel matte mentioned in the present invention is the product discharged from the nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace. When the product is not discharged, it is still called nickel matte, rather than high-nickel matte.
下面首先参考图1-5描述根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉和镍锍底吹吹炼工艺。根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉可以用于执行根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺，需要理解的是，根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹熔炼工艺并不限于使用根据本发明实施例的描述的镍锍底吹吹炼炉。The nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace and the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting process according to the embodiment of the present invention will first be described below with reference to FIGS. 1-5 . The nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used to carry out the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting process according to the embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the nickel matte bottom-blowing smelting process according to the embodiment of the present invention does not The nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace described is limited to use according to the embodiments of the present invention.
如图1所示，根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉1包括炉体10和底吹喷枪20。As shown in FIG. 1 , a nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a furnace body 10 and a bottom-blowing lance 20 .
炉体10内具有炉腔101，炉体10具有用于向炉腔101内加入包含低镍锍的物料的加料口102、用于排放吹炼渣的排渣口103、用于排出高镍锍的高镍锍排放口104、用于排出烟气的出烟口105和设在炉体10底部的喷枪插孔106。底吹喷枪20插入到喷枪插孔106内，用于向炉腔101内的熔体内连续地吹入含氧气体。There is a furnace cavity 101 in the furnace body 10, and the furnace body 10 has a feeding port 102 for adding materials containing low-nickel matte into the furnace cavity 101, a slag discharge port 103 for discharging blowing slag, and a discharge port for discharging high-nickel matte. The high-nickel matte discharge port 104, the smoke outlet 105 for exhausting the smoke, and the spray gun insertion hole 106 arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 10. The bottom blowing lance 20 is inserted into the lance insertion hole 106 for continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the melt in the furnace chamber 101 .
根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉，可以通过底吹含氧气体对镍锍进行吹炼，环保性能好，污染降低，产生的烟气量少，浓度稳定，高镍锍品质高，可以对各种熔炼炉产出的低镍锍进行处理，可以连续化吹炼，效率提高，可以吹炼液态和固态低镍锍，适用性高。According to the nickel matte bottom-blowing conversion furnace of the embodiment of the present invention, nickel matte can be blown by bottom-blowing oxygen-containing gas, which has good environmental protection performance, reduced pollution, less smoke generated, stable concentration, and high-quality nickel matte. , It can process the low-nickel matte produced by various smelting furnaces, it can be continuous blowing, the efficiency is improved, it can blow liquid and solid low-nickel matte, and it has high applicability.
向炉腔101内加入的物料可以是低镍锍和熔剂，优选地，还可以通过加料口102加入冶炼过程中产生的各种含镍中间物料或外购含镍物料（统称为冷料），既可以充分利用吹炼过程中产生的化学反应热节约能源，又便于稳定调节和控制吹炼温度，降低能耗和吹炼成本，进一步扩大了工艺适用范围。The materials added to the furnace chamber 101 can be low-nickel matte and flux. Preferably, various nickel-containing intermediate materials generated during the smelting process or purchased nickel-containing materials (collectively referred to as cold materials) can also be added through the feeding port 102. It can not only make full use of the chemical reaction heat generated in the blowing process to save energy, but also facilitate stable adjustment and control of the blowing temperature, reduce energy consumption and blowing cost, and further expand the scope of application of the process.
可选地，加料口102可以分为用于向炉腔101内加入低镍锍和熔剂的第一加料口和用于向炉腔101内加入冷料的第二加料口。更具体地，第一加料口可以再分成低镍锍加料口和熔剂加料口。优选地，加料口102可以与出烟口105为同一个开口，由此减少炉体10的开口数量，降低制造成本。可选地，出烟口105可以与第一和第二加料口中任何一个共用一个开口，或者出烟口105可以与低镍锍加料口、熔剂加料口、冷料加料口中任何一个或多个共用一个开口。Optionally, the feed port 102 can be divided into a first feed port for adding low-nickel matte and flux into the furnace cavity 101 and a second feed port for adding cold material into the furnace cavity 101 . More specifically, the first feed port can be further divided into a low-nickel matte feed port and a flux feed port. Preferably, the feeding port 102 and the smoke outlet 105 can be the same opening, thereby reducing the number of openings in the furnace body 10 and reducing manufacturing costs. Optionally, the smoke outlet 105 can share an opening with any one of the first and second feed ports, or the smoke outlet 105 can share any one or more of the low nickel matte feed port, the flux feed port, and the cold material feed port an opening.
如图1所示，在本发明的一些实施例中，喷枪插孔106可以是多个且多个喷枪插孔106可以间隔开地形成在炉体10底部，需要理解的是，这里的术语“底部”应作广义理解，包括炉体10的水平中心线X以下的任何合适的位置，优选地，喷枪靠近炉体10的正下方，下面将会更详细描述。底吹喷枪20可以是多个且多个底吹喷枪20可以分别对应地插入到多个喷枪插孔106内，即，一个底吹喷枪20可以插入到一个喷枪插孔106内。由此可以将含氧气体更加均匀地吹入镍锍层C1内，从而进一步优化吹炼过程的炉况。这里，含氧气体应做广义理解，例如包括纯氧，富氧气体和含氧空气等。优选地，含氧气体为富氧空气，例如氧气浓度在70%以上的富氧空气。底吹喷枪20可以设在镍锍底吹吹炼炉1的炉体10的水平中心线X以下。As shown in FIG. 1 , in some embodiments of the present invention, there may be multiple spray gun insertion holes 106 and multiple spray gun insertion holes 106 may be formed at the bottom of the furnace body 10 at intervals. It should be understood that the term " The "bottom" should be understood in a broad sense, including any suitable position below the horizontal centerline X of the furnace body 10. Preferably, the spray gun is close to the directly below the furnace body 10, which will be described in more detail below. There may be multiple bottom blowing lances 20 and the multiple bottom blowing lances 20 may be inserted into multiple lance insertion holes 106 correspondingly, that is, one bottom blowing lance 20 may be inserted into one lance insertion hole 106 . As a result, the oxygen-containing gas can be blown into the nickel matte layer C1 more uniformly, thereby further optimizing the furnace conditions of the blowing process. Here, oxygen-containing gas should be understood broadly, including pure oxygen, oxygen-enriched gas, and oxygen-containing air, for example. Preferably, the oxygen-containing gas is oxygen-enriched air, such as oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen concentration above 70%. The bottom blowing lance 20 may be arranged below the horizontal centerline X of the furnace body 10 of the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace 1 .
具体地，所述含氧气体的炉前压力可以是0.2MPa-0.8MPa。进一步地，所述含氧气体的炉前压力可以是0.4MPa-0.6MPa。Specifically, the furnace pressure of the oxygen-containing gas may be 0.2MPa-0.8MPa. Further, the furnace pressure of the oxygen-containing gas may be 0.4MPa-0.6MPa.
所述含氧气体的氧气浓度可以是20%-99.6%。进一步地，所述含氧气体的氧气浓度可以是30%-75%。The oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas may be 20%-99.6%. Further, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas may be 30%-75%.
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，炉体10可以是可转动的圆筒形卧式容器。通过转动炉体10，可以方便地更换和维修底吹喷枪20，以及维修炉口或炉体内衬等。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the furnace body 10 may be a rotatable cylindrical horizontal container. By rotating the furnace body 10, the bottom blowing lance 20 can be replaced and repaired conveniently, as well as the furnace mouth or the lining of the furnace body, etc. can be repaired.
如图1所示，镍锍底吹吹炼炉1进一步包括托座30、托圈40、齿圈50和驱动装置60。托圈40套设在炉体10上且可旋转地被支撑在托座30上。齿圈50套设在炉体10的外表面上。驱动装置60与齿圈50相连，以通过驱动齿圈50转动而驱动炉体10转动。驱动装置60例如可以包括电机，与电机相连的减速器，减速器的输出轴上可以安装齿轮，齿轮与齿圈50啮合以驱动齿圈50转动。炉体10在齿圈50的带动下，在托座30上转动，由于炉体10可以转动，便于更换底吹喷枪20以及其他操作。As shown in FIG. 1 , the nickel matte bottom blowing furnace 1 further includes a bracket 30 , a bracket 40 , a ring gear 50 and a driving device 60 . The support ring 40 is sleeved on the furnace body 10 and rotatably supported on the bracket 30 . The ring gear 50 is sleeved on the outer surface of the furnace body 10 . The driving device 60 is connected with the ring gear 50 to drive the furnace body 10 to rotate by driving the ring gear 50 to rotate. The driving device 60 may include, for example, a motor, a reducer connected to the motor, a gear may be installed on the output shaft of the reducer, and the gear meshes with the ring gear 50 to drive the ring gear 50 to rotate. The furnace body 10 is driven by the ring gear 50 and rotates on the bracket 30. Since the furnace body 10 can rotate, it is convenient to replace the bottom blowing spray gun 20 and other operations.
如图2和3所示，底吹喷枪20与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α可以在-120度至+120度的范围内，即-120度≤α≤+120度。换言之，底吹喷枪20的喷出方向与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角在-120度至+120度的范围内。如图2和3所示，从底吹喷枪20的喷吹方向沿逆时针方向到竖直向上的方向的夹角α为正，从底吹喷枪20的喷吹方向沿顺时针方向到竖直向上的方向的夹角α为负。As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the angle α between the bottom blowing lance 20 and the vertical upward direction may be in the range of -120° to +120°, ie -120°≤α≤+120°. In other words, the included angle between the spraying direction of the bottom blowing lance 20 and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -120 degrees to +120 degrees. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the included angle α from the blowing direction of the bottom blowing lance 20 along the counterclockwise direction to the vertical upward direction is positive, and from the blowing direction of the bottom blowing lance 20 along the clockwise direction to the vertical direction. The angle α in the upward direction is negative.
更具体地，底吹喷枪20与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α可以在-60度至+60度的范围内，即-60度≤α≤+60度。有利地，底吹喷枪20与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角在-30度至+30度的范围内，即-30度≤α≤+30度。由此可以提高吹炼效果。More specifically, the included angle α between the bottom blowing lance 20 and the vertical upward direction may be in the range of -60° to +60°, ie -60°≦α≦+60°. Advantageously, the included angle between the bottom blowing lance 20 and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -30° to +30°, ie -30°≤α≤+30°. As a result, the blowing effect can be increased.
在本发明可选的实施例中，底吹喷枪20与正交于炉体10的轴向的方向（即图4中的竖直方向）之间的夹角β在-30度至+30度的范围内。更优选地，夹角β为0度，即底吹喷枪20沿竖直方向定向。In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the angle β between the bottom blowing lance 20 and the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the furnace body 10 (that is, the vertical direction in FIG. 4 ) ranges from -30 degrees to +30 degrees In the range. More preferably, the included angle β is 0 degrees, that is, the bottom blowing lance 20 is oriented vertically.
根据本发明优选实施例，底吹喷枪20将含氧气体连续吹入熔体的镍锍层C1内，下面会详细描述有益的技术效果。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom blowing lance 20 continuously blows oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte layer C1 of the melt, and the beneficial technical effects will be described in detail below.
根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉，可以用于处理各种熔炼炉熔炼得到的低镍锍，包括固态低镍锍或或熔融的液态低镍锍。The nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used to process low-nickel matte obtained from various smelting furnaces, including solid low-nickel matte or molten liquid low-nickel matte.
下面参照图5结合图1-4描述根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺。如图5所示，根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺包括以下步骤：The nickel matte bottom blowing conversion process according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 5 in combination with FIGS. 1-4 . As shown in Figure 5, the nickel matte bottom blowing process according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
将低镍锍和熔剂加入到炉腔101内；利用底吹喷枪20从炉体10的底部向炉腔101内的熔体内连续吹入含氧气体；当所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉炉腔101内的镍锍含铁量达到第一预定值时，排出吹炼渣；利用底吹喷枪20从所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉炉体10的底部继续向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉炉腔101内的熔体内连续吹入含氧气体且不再加入低镍锍；和当所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉炉腔101内的镍锍含铁量达到第二预定值时，从炉腔101内排出高镍锍。Add low-nickel matte and flux into furnace chamber 101; Utilize bottom-blown lance 20 to continuously blow oxygen-containing gas into the melt in furnace chamber 101 from the bottom of furnace body 10; When the iron content of the nickel matte in the furnace cavity 101 reaches the first predetermined value, discharge the blowing slag; utilize the bottom blowing lance 20 to continue to blow the nickel matte from the bottom of the nickel matte bottom blowing furnace body 10 to the nickel matte. Continuous blowing of oxygen-containing gas into the melt in the converting furnace chamber 101 and no longer adding low-nickel matte; When the value is high, the high-nickel matte is discharged from the furnace chamber 101.
根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺，通过利用底吹喷枪从所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的底部向镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的熔体内连续吹入含氧气体，可以实现连续吹炼，提高效率，降低成本，而且烟气量少，烟气浓度稳定，烟气逸出少，环保性能好，降低了污染，吹炼产品高镍锍的品质高。According to the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting process of the embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing the bottom-blowing lance from the bottom of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace to continuously blow oxygen-containing gas into the melt in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace , can realize continuous blowing, improve efficiency, reduce cost, and have less flue gas volume, stable flue gas concentration, less flue gas escape, good environmental protection performance, reduced pollution, high-quality nickel matte blowing products.
此外，当镍锍含铁量达到第一预定值时排出吹炼渣，实际上是在镍锍尚未吹炼到满足高镍锍品质要求的情况下先行排渣，这样能够确保渣中有价金属含量较少，减轻甚至免去弃渣回收利用的压力。在排渣后，继续吹炼使镍锍含铁量达到第二预定值，此时镍锍已经吹炼到位，可以排出高镍锍，进入下一步处理环节。In addition, the blowing slag is discharged when the iron content of the nickel matte reaches the first predetermined value. In fact, the slag is discharged first before the nickel matte is blown to meet the high-nickel matte quality requirements, so that the valuable metals in the slag can be guaranteed The content is less, reducing or even eliminating the pressure of waste slag recycling. After slagging, continue blowing to make the iron content of the nickel matte reach the second predetermined value. At this time, the nickel matte has been blown in place, and the high-nickel matte can be discharged to enter the next step of processing.
对于继续从第一预定值吹炼到第二预定值过程中产生的新的吹炼渣，其中含有较多的镍；当加入镍锍底吹吹炼炉炉体10的低镍锍中含钴时，大量的钴也会富集在新的吹炼渣中。对于该新的吹炼渣，有两种处理方案可供选择：第一种是不排出该新的吹炼渣，在排出高镍锍后，向镍锍底吹吹炼炉炉腔101加入新的低镍锍，使炉内状态回到吹炼起始状态，此时富集在新的吹炼渣中的镍、钴等有价金属会重新还原到镍锍中，当镍锍含铁量再次吹炼到第一预定值时，再排出吹炼渣。第二种处理方案是排出该新的吹炼渣，送到后续环节回收其中各种有价金属。采用第二种处理方案时，后续环节采用何种工艺技术进行回收，本发明不予限制。For the new blowing slag that continues to produce in the process of blowing from the first predetermined value to the second predetermined value, it contains more nickel; At the same time, a large amount of cobalt will also be enriched in the new blowing slag. For this new blowing slag, there are two treatment options to choose from: the first one is not to discharge the new blowing slag, after discharging the high nickel matte, add new Low-nickel matte, so that the state in the furnace returns to the initial state of blowing. At this time, the nickel, cobalt and other valuable metals enriched in the new blowing slag will be restored to the nickel matte. When the iron content of the nickel matte When blowing reaches the first predetermined value again, the blowing slag is discharged. The second treatment scheme is to discharge the new blowing slag and send it to the subsequent link to recover various valuable metals therein. When adopting the second treatment scheme, the present invention does not limit what process technology is used for recovery in the subsequent link.
当然，也可以将上述第一、第二种处理方案相结合，即：部分排出新的吹炼渣，对于留在炉内的渣，按照第一种处理方案进行处理，对于排出的渣，采用第二种处理方案进行处理。Of course, it is also possible to combine the above-mentioned first and second treatment schemes, that is, partly discharge the new blowing slag, and treat the slag left in the furnace according to the first treatment scheme, and use the The second treatment option is processed.
需要理解的是，向炉腔101内连续吹入含氧气体是指：正常生产时，不间断连续吹送含氧气体，可以避免损坏底吹喷枪20，当然，当镍锍底吹吹炼炉出现故障或正常维修时，底吹喷枪20也需要停止吹送。It should be understood that the continuous blowing of oxygen-containing gas into the furnace cavity 101 refers to: during normal production, continuous blowing of oxygen-containing gas can avoid damage to the bottom-blowing lance 20. Of course, when the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace appears During failure or normal maintenance, the bottom blowing spray gun 20 also needs to stop blowing.
与传统PS转炉周期性侧吹含氧气体相比，单位时间送风量减小，单位时间烟气量小，热稳定性好，吹炼过程和吹炼烟气处理过程成本和能耗低，效率高。Compared with the traditional PS converter, which periodically blows oxygen-containing gas sideways, the air supply volume per unit time is reduced, the flue gas volume per unit time is small, the thermal stability is good, the cost and energy consumption of the blowing process and the blowing flue gas treatment process are low, efficient.
有利地，底吹喷枪20将含氧气体从炉体10的底部连续吹入炉腔101内的镍锍层C1内。Advantageously, the bottom blowing lance 20 continuously blows the oxygen-containing gas from the bottom of the furnace body 10 into the nickel matte layer C1 in the furnace cavity 101 .
如图1所示，在炉腔101内，熔体可以分为两部分（两相）：镍锍层C1和吹炼渣层C2，L1，L2分别是镍锍液面线和吹炼渣液面线。As shown in Figure 1, in the furnace cavity 101, the melt can be divided into two parts (two phases): nickel matte layer C1 and blowing slag layer C2, L1 and L2 are nickel matte liquid surface line and blowing slag liquid respectively Noodles.
向镍锍层内连续吹送含氧气体的有益效果在于：在所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内，镍锍层C1位于吹炼渣层C2下方，通过向镍锍层C1底部连续吹入含氧气体，可以更好地搅动熔体，优化吹炼气体在熔体内的分布，延长吹入的氧气在镍锍层C1内滞留时间，反应更加充分，在利用吹入气体有效冷却保护喷枪的同时，提高了吹炼氧气的利用率，这可以减小含氧气体的用量，降低成本。此外由于底部连续吹入含氧气体可以使反应更加充分，从而避免了含氧气体浪费，这可以减小含氧气体的用量，进一步降低成本。The beneficial effect of continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte layer is that: in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace, the nickel matte layer C1 is located below the blowing slag layer C2, by continuously blowing the oxygen-containing gas into the bottom of the nickel matte layer C1 Oxygen gas can better stir the melt, optimize the distribution of the blowing gas in the melt, prolong the residence time of the blown oxygen in the nickel matte layer C1, and react more fully. At the same time, the utilization rate of blowing oxygen is improved, which can reduce the consumption of oxygen-containing gas and reduce the cost. In addition, the continuous blowing of oxygen-containing gas at the bottom can make the reaction more complete, thus avoiding the waste of oxygen-containing gas, which can reduce the consumption of oxygen-containing gas and further reduce the cost.
而且，通过向镍锍层内连续吹入含氧气体，可以使镍锍层底部的氧势最高，由下而上氧势逐步下降，这既有利于将夹杂在镍锍层中的杂质元素（Zn、Pb等）氧化除去，又有利于抑制镍的氧化和Fe3O4的生成量，防止Fe3O4沉淀和泡沫渣的生成。通过向所述镍锍层内连续吹入含氧气体，可以使炉温稳定，克服了转炉周期作业温度波动过大的缺点，有利于大幅度提高所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的使用寿命，降低了耐火材料消耗和维修工作量，从而降低了炼镍成本。而且所述镍锍底吹吹炼工艺可以使烟气量和烟气中的SO2含量稳定均衡，炉体不需要经常转动，从而使漏风率大幅下降，克服了转炉周期作业烟气量和烟气成分波动大的缺点，有利于制酸，降低了酸厂投资和运行成本。Moreover, by continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte layer, the oxygen potential at the bottom of the nickel matte layer can be made the highest, and the oxygen potential gradually decreases from bottom to top, which is beneficial to the removal of impurity elements ( Zn, Pb, etc.) are oxidized and removed, which is beneficial to inhibit the oxidation of nickel and the formation of Fe 3 O 4 , and prevent the precipitation of Fe 3 O 4 and the formation of foamy slag. By continuously blowing oxygen-containing gas into the nickel matte layer, the furnace temperature can be stabilized, which overcomes the shortcoming of excessive temperature fluctuations in the converter cycle operation, and is conducive to greatly improving the service life of the nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace , Reduce the consumption of refractory materials and maintenance workload, thereby reducing the cost of nickel smelting. Moreover, the nickel matte bottom blowing process can make the amount of flue gas and the SO content in the flue gas stable and balanced, and the body of furnace does not need to be rotated frequently, so that the air leakage rate is greatly reduced, and the amount of flue gas and the amount of flue gas in the periodic operation of the converter are overcome. The disadvantage of large fluctuations in gas composition is beneficial to acid production and reduces the investment and operating costs of acid plants.
有利地，在低镍锍加入到炉腔101内吹炼出高镍锍后，先将部分高镍锍排出。然后提高加入炉腔101中低镍锍与吹入镍锍层C1中吹炼氧气的比值，可将吹炼渣中的镍、钴、铜等有价金属的氧化物部分还原、渣中磁性铁含量降低后排渣，从而降低吹炼渣的粘性，降低吹炼渣中镍等有价金属含量，减少排渣作业强度，提高排渣作业的安全性。Advantageously, after the low-nickel matte is added into the furnace cavity 101 to blow the high-nickel matte, part of the high-nickel matte is discharged first. Then increase the ratio of the low-nickel matte added to the furnace chamber 101 to the blowing oxygen blown into the nickel matte layer C1, the oxides of nickel, cobalt, copper and other valuable metals in the blowing slag can be partially reduced, and the magnetic iron in the slag can be partially reduced. After the content is reduced, the slag is discharged, thereby reducing the viscosity of the blowing slag, reducing the content of valuable metals such as nickel in the blowing slag, reducing the intensity of the slag discharge operation, and improving the safety of the slag discharge operation.
有利地，所述第一预定值选择范围是所述镍锍含铁量的质量百分数达到8-16%。当镍锍含铁量达到该范围时，镍锍尚未吹炼到满足高镍锍品质要求，渣中有价金属含量较低，此时排出吹炼渣则有价金属损失较小，吹炼直收率高。当然，镍锍含铁量大于16%的情况下，渣中有价金属含量更低，这种情况下也可以排出吹炼渣，但本发明认为该范围为8-16%是更为合理的范围。Advantageously, the selection range of the first predetermined value is that the iron content of the nickel matte reaches 8-16% by mass. When the iron content of the nickel matte reaches this range, the nickel matte has not yet been blown to meet the quality requirements of high nickel matte, and the content of valuable metals in the slag is low. The yield is high. Of course, when the iron content of the nickel matte is greater than 16%, the valuable metal content in the slag is lower, and the blowing slag can also be discharged in this case, but the present invention thinks that the range is 8-16% is more reasonable scope.
更优地，所述第一预定值选择范围是所述镍锍含铁量的质量百分数达到10-14%。与另一个实施例中选取的8-16%相比，将第一预定值选择范围确定为10-14%能够获得更好的经济性。实际生产中，可以把过程控制目标设定在10-14%之间，因生产中各种因素造成排渣时镍锍含铁量超出这一范围的，只要差距不悬殊，也可认为处于合理范围。More preferably, the selection range of the first predetermined value is that the iron content of the nickel matte reaches 10-14% by mass. Compared with 8-16% selected in another embodiment, determining the selection range of the first predetermined value as 10-14% can obtain better economic efficiency. In actual production, the process control target can be set between 10-14%. If the iron content of nickel matte exceeds this range during slag discharge due to various factors in production, as long as the difference is not too great, it can also be considered to be in a reasonable range. scope.
有利地，所述第二预定值选择范围是所述镍锍含铁量的质量百分数达到2-4%。当镍锍含铁量达到该范围时，可以认为镍锍已经吹炼到位，镍锍底吹吹炼炉内的镍锍已经达到高镍锍品质要求，此时可以排出高镍锍。当然，这并不是说镍锍含铁量小于2%或大于4%时镍锍不满足高镍锍品质要求，只是本发明认为该范围为2-4%时更为有利。Advantageously, the selection range of the second predetermined value is that the iron content of the nickel matte reaches 2-4% by mass. When the iron content of the nickel matte reaches this range, it can be considered that the nickel matte has been blown in place, and the nickel matte in the nickel matte bottom-blowing conversion furnace has reached the quality requirement of high nickel matte, and the high nickel matte can be discharged at this time. Of course, this is not to say that the nickel matte does not meet the high nickel matte quality requirements when the iron content of the nickel matte is less than 2% or greater than 4%, but the present invention thinks that the range is more favorable when the iron content is 2-4%.
更优地，所述第二预定值选择范围是所述镍锍含铁量的质量百分数达到2-4%。与另一个实施例中选取的1-5%相比，将第二预定值选择范围确定为2-4%能够获得更好的经济性。实际生产中，可以把过程控制目标设定在2-4%之间，因生产中各种因素造成排出高镍锍时镍锍含铁量超出这一范围的，只要差距不悬殊，也可认为处于合理范围。More preferably, the selection range of the second predetermined value is that the mass percentage of the iron content in the nickel matte reaches 2-4%. Compared with 1-5% selected in another embodiment, determining the selection range of the second predetermined value as 2-4% can obtain better economic efficiency. In actual production, the process control target can be set between 2-4%. Due to various factors in production, when the iron content of nickel matte exceeds this range when high nickel matte is discharged, as long as the difference is not too great, it can also be considered as within a reasonable range.
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述低镍锍可以是固态低镍锍。换言之，所述低镍锍可以以固体形式加入到炉腔101内。根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺可以处理固态低镍锍，而且通过向所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内加入固态低镍锍，可以更加容易地、精确地对低镍锍的加入量进行计量和控制，而且可以更加容易地、精确地控制低镍锍与含氧气体（氧量）的用量比。由此可以更加容易地控制吹炼过程。例如在本发明的一些实施例中，通过精确地控制低镍锍与含氧气体（氧量）的用量比，低镍锍进入炉腔101内即被吹炼为满足高镍锍品质要求的镍锍和吹炼渣，在这种情况下，高镍锍品质高，杂质低。由于可以精确地控制低镍锍与含氧气体的用量比，从而可以避免因含氧气体喷入过多而导致镍锍过氧化形成的过多镍被氧化进入炉渣降低吹炼直收率，避免炉渣中铁的过氧化产生过多的磁性铁形成泡沫渣出现安全事故，还可以避免因含氧气体喷入过少而导致吹炼产品高镍锍含有过多的杂质（铁、锍等）影响后续工艺的稳定运行，从而为吹炼过程安全稳定运行和产品质量保障创造更好地条件。In some embodiments of the present invention, the low-nickel matte may be solid low-nickel matte. In other words, the low-nickel matte can be added into the furnace chamber 101 in solid form. The nickel matte bottom blowing converting process according to the embodiment of the present invention can handle solid low nickel matte, and by adding solid low nickel matte in the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace, it is easier and more accurate to low nickel matte The amount of the added amount is measured and controlled, and the ratio of the amount of low-nickel matte to oxygen-containing gas (oxygen content) can be controlled more easily and accurately. This makes it easier to control the blowing process. For example, in some embodiments of the present invention, by precisely controlling the ratio of low-nickel matte to oxygen-containing gas (oxygen content), the low-nickel matte enters the furnace chamber 101 and is blown into nickel that meets the quality requirements of high-nickel matte. Matte and converting slag, in this case high nickel matte with high quality and low impurities. Because the dosage ratio of low-nickel matte and oxygen-containing gas can be precisely controlled, it can avoid excessive nickel formed by over-oxidation of nickel matte due to excessive injection of oxygen-containing gas to be oxidized into the slag, reducing the direct yield of blowing, and avoiding The peroxidation of iron in the slag produces too much magnetic iron to form foamy slag, causing safety accidents, and it can also avoid the impact of excessive impurities (iron, matte, etc.) in the high-nickel matte in the blowing product due to too little oxygen-containing gas injection. The stable operation of the process creates better conditions for the safe and stable operation of the blowing process and product quality assurance.
具体地，可以对镍熔炼产生的液态低镍锍进行水碎、干法粒化或冷却后破碎以便得到固态低镍锍。Specifically, the liquid low-nickel matte produced by nickel smelting can be subjected to water crushing, dry granulation or crushing after cooling to obtain solid low-nickel matte.
所述固态低镍锍可以通过加料溜管或加料溜槽加入镍锍底吹吹炼炉1，所述固态低镍锍还可以通过气流吹送到镍锍底吹吹炼炉1内。由此可以更加方便地、容易地将所述固态低镍锍加入到所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内。有利地，所述固态低镍锍可以连续地加入镍锍底吹吹炼炉1内。由此可以连续化处理低镍锍，结合连续吹氧，进一步提高处理效率。The solid low-nickel matte can be fed into the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace 1 through a feeding chute or a feeding chute, and the solid low-nickel matte can also be blown into the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace 1 by airflow. Thus, the solid low-nickel matte can be added more conveniently and easily into the nickel matte bottom-blown converting furnace. Advantageously, the solid low-nickel matte can be continuously fed into the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace 1 . In this way, the low-nickel matte can be treated continuously, and combined with continuous oxygen blowing, the treatment efficiency can be further improved.
有利地，所述低镍锍为熔融的液态低镍锍。例如利用镍锍包将低镍锍通过所述镍锍底吹吹炼装置的加料口直接倒入所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内；或者将镍锍包中的低镍锍经溜槽加入到所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内；或者将镍锍包中的低镍锍倒入保温包，然后将所述保温包中的低镍锍经溜槽加入到所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉内；或者直接用溜槽连接镍熔炼炉和镍锍底吹吹炼炉，从而将镍熔炼炉生产的液态低镍锍送入镍锍底吹吹炼炉。Advantageously, the low-nickel matte is molten liquid low-nickel matte. For example, utilize the nickel matte bag to directly pour the low nickel matte into the described nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace through the charging port of the nickel matte bottom blowing converting device; perhaps the low nickel matte in the nickel matte bag is added into the In the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace; or pour the low-nickel matte in the nickel matte bag into the heat preservation bag, and then add the low-nickel matte in the heat preservation bag to the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace through the chute or directly connect the nickel smelting furnace and the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace with a chute, so that the liquid low-nickel matte produced by the nickel smelting furnace is sent to the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace.
如上所述，底吹喷枪20的喷射方向与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α可以在-120度至+120度的范围内。优选地，底吹喷枪20的喷射方向与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α可以在-60度至+60度的范围内。有利地，底吹喷枪20的喷射方向与竖直向上的方向之间的夹角α在-30度至+30度的范围内。可以理解的是，当镍锍底吹吹炼炉1的容积大时，处理的熔体多，夹角α可以大一些，反之，夹角α可以小一些，以免吹穿，导致含氧气体浪费，影响吹炼效果。As mentioned above, the angle α between the spraying direction of the bottom blowing lance 20 and the vertical upward direction may be in the range of -120° to +120°. Preferably, the included angle α between the spraying direction of the bottom blowing lance 20 and the vertical upward direction may be in the range of -60° to +60°. Advantageously, the angle α between the spraying direction of the bottom blowing lance 20 and the vertical upward direction is in the range of -30° to +30°. It can be understood that when the volume of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace 1 is large, there are many melts to be processed, and the included angle α can be larger; otherwise, the included angle α can be smaller to avoid blowing through, resulting in waste of oxygen-containing gas , affecting blowing effect.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述底吹喷枪20与正交于所述镍锍底吹吹炼炉的轴向的方向之间的夹角β在-30度至+30度的范围内。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle β between the bottom-blowing lance 20 and the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace is in the range of -30° to +30°.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述夹角β为0度。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the included angle β is 0 degree.
根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼工艺还可以包括向炉腔101内加入冶炼过程中产生的各种含镍中间物料或外购含镍物料（统称为冷料），既可以充分利用吹炼过程中产生的化学反应热节约能源，又便于稳定调节和控制吹炼温度，降低能耗和吹炼成本，进一步扩大了工艺适用范围。The nickel matte bottom blowing blowing process according to the embodiment of the present invention may also include adding various nickel-containing intermediate materials or purchased nickel-containing materials (collectively referred to as cold materials) produced during the smelting process into the furnace chamber 101, which can be fully utilized The chemical reaction heat generated in the blowing process saves energy, facilitates stable adjustment and control of the blowing temperature, reduces energy consumption and blowing costs, and further expands the scope of application of the process.
根据本发明的实施例，所述熔剂可以是石英石、石英石与石灰的混合物和石英石与石灰石的混合物中的至少一种。采用石英石作为熔剂造出的酸性渣对炉衬的侵蚀较小，但酸性渣黏性大、流动性较差，导致吹炼渣中夹杂的镍等金属硫化物较高，且容易产生泡沫渣，影响生产安全。为解决酸性渣的问题，本发明又提出采用石英石与石灰的混合物或石英石与石灰石的混合物作为熔剂造渣，本发明将这种吹炼渣称为弱酸性渣。采用弱酸性渣既能保持对炉衬的侵蚀性较小，又能在一定程度上改善渣的流动性，降低镍锍在渣中的夹杂，且能降低泡沫渣的风险，是更优选的技术方案。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flux may be at least one of quartz stone, a mixture of quartz stone and lime, and a mixture of quartz stone and limestone. The acid slag produced by using quartz stone as a flux has less corrosion on the furnace lining, but the acid slag has a high viscosity and poor fluidity, resulting in high metal sulfides such as nickel mixed in the blowing slag, and it is easy to produce foamy slag. affect production safety. In order to solve the problem of acidic slag, the present invention further proposes to use a mixture of quartz stone and lime or a mixture of quartz stone and limestone as a flux to form slag, and the present invention calls this blowing slag a weakly acidic slag. The use of weakly acidic slag can not only maintain less corrosion to the furnace lining, but also improve the fluidity of the slag to a certain extent, reduce the inclusion of nickel matte in the slag, and reduce the risk of foamy slag, which is a more preferred technical solution .
优选地，所述吹炼渣可以通过溢流方式连续排放。当然，也可以通过溢流方式间断排放，或通过在炉体10上打眼的方式间断排放。Preferably, the blowing slag can be discharged continuously through overflow. Of course, it can also be discharged intermittently by means of overflow, or by drilling holes in the furnace body 10 .
优选地，所述高镍锍可以通过虹吸方式连续排放。当然，也可以通过虹吸方式间断排放，或通过在炉体10上打眼的方式间断排放。Preferably, the high-nickel matte can be discharged continuously by siphon. Of course, it can also be discharged intermittently by siphoning, or by punching holes in the furnace body 10 .
在本发明的一些示例中，镍锍底吹吹炼炉1内的吹炼温度可以是1150摄氏度-1330摄氏度，维持吹炼过程的进行。有利地，镍锍底吹吹炼炉1内的吹炼温度可以是1200摄氏度-1280摄氏度，更安全地维持吹炼过程的进行。此外，根据本发明实施例的吹炼工艺，可以向镍锍底吹吹炼炉1内的镍锍层内喷入氮气，以搅拌熔体，提高吹炼效果和高镍锍质量。In some examples of the present invention, the blowing temperature in the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace 1 may be 1150°C-1330°C to maintain the blowing process. Advantageously, the blowing temperature in the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace 1 can be 1200°C-1280°C, and the blowing process can be maintained more safely. In addition, according to the blowing process of the embodiment of the present invention, nitrogen can be injected into the nickel matte layer in the nickel matte bottom blowing converting furnace 1 to stir the melt, improve the blowing effect and improve the quality of nickel matte.
根据本发明实施例的镍锍底吹吹炼炉和镍锍底吹吹炼工艺，可以实现镍锍的连续吹炼，产生的烟气量少，浓度稳定，环保，高镍锍品质稳定，吹炼效率高，成本低，使用范围广。According to the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting furnace and the nickel matte bottom-blowing converting process according to the embodiment of the present invention, the continuous converting of nickel matte can be realized, the amount of flue gas produced is small, the concentration is stable, environmental protection, the quality of high-nickel matte is stable, and blowing The refining efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the application range is wide.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be construed as limitations to the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions, and modifications to the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention.
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| CN113251799A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-13 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Device for producing metallized anode plate by oxygen-enriched combustion furnace |
| CN113930627A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-14 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for producing nickel matte |
| CN113957265A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 | Process and system for producing high-nickel matte by continuously converting laterite smelting low-nickel matte |
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