CN104014890B - Blisk line cutting roughing surplus minimizing technology and special fixture - Google Patents
Blisk line cutting roughing surplus minimizing technology and special fixture Download PDFInfo
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- CN104014890B CN104014890B CN201410164169.0A CN201410164169A CN104014890B CN 104014890 B CN104014890 B CN 104014890B CN 201410164169 A CN201410164169 A CN 201410164169A CN 104014890 B CN104014890 B CN 104014890B
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of blisk line cutting roughing surplus minimizing technology and special fixture, the blisk blank anglec of rotation is calculated initially with sciagraphy, secondly blisk blank is arranged on two coordinate machines by special fixture, and blisk blank is rotated by the anglec of rotation obtained according to step 1, finally the blisk blank being rotated in place is carried out line cutting roughing.Traditional Wire-cut machining principle is applied in blisk passage fluting by this method, due in Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining without cutting force, processing vibration deformation problem impact is the least, there is not tool wear problem, and it is the lowest to use two coordinate machines to carry out the processing charges of line cutting, makes the processing charges of blisk reduce by more than 50%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and exclusive clamps utilizing line cutting that blisk passage carries out roughing surplus removal
Tool.
Background technology
Blisk is that blade and wheel disc are designed to entirety, eliminates the structure such as tenon, tongue-and-groove, decreases Ye Panchong
Amount and number of parts；Aerodynamic arrangement have employed wide string, flexural tensile elastic modulus and narrow runner, thus improve pneumatic efficiency.
Blisk makes engine structure greatly simplified, and thrust-weight ratio and reliability improve further.Blisk form master
There are two kinds of typical structures: (1) closed type structure band outer wheel hub blisk；(2) open architecture is without wheel hub entirety leaf
Dish.Blade profile of integrated bladed disk is generally Space Free-Form Surface, mutually covers between blade, and passage constraint is many, and whole
It is relatively thin that body leaf dish has again blade wall ratio, yielding, easy tremor, the feature that cutter interference is serious, and material mostly is titanium and closes
The material of the difficult cutting such as gold, high temperature alloy, all makes the processing of blisk become difficulty.
At present blisk passage is slightly slotted three kinds of processing methods: numerical control milling, numerical control electrolysis and spark machined.
Numerical control milling technology is the processing method that blisk is conventional, and blisk passage is special surface cavity structure,
Traditional milling method uses slotting cutter layering side milling, and side milling cutter is by radial force effect, along with passage milling is deep
The intensification cutter Mold processing of degree lengthens, and the rigidity of cutter is deteriorated, under the effect of radial force cutter distortion, vibration,
Abrasion aggravation, working (machining) efficiency significantly reduces.The problem existed for blisk complex passages Flank machining, numerical control mill
Cut fluting plunge milling and solve some the problems referred to above, but, numerical control milling cutting force is big, and blade is easily deformed, cutter
The problems such as tool easily interferes with leaf dish, and tool wear is serious still exist.Blisk another kind processing method is several
Control Electrolyzed Processing, in place of Electrolyzed Processing there is also some shortcomings, the influence factor of processing is many, and processing stability and weight
Renaturation is the most poor, especially during processing enclosed blisk part, and leaf dish runner bending moment and torsion complex, and rush liquid problem also
It is difficult to solve；Current requirements is high, and electrolyte and electrolysate need special disposal, and environmental pollution is serious.Electrical spark working
Work technology is also blisk one processing method, and spark machined there is also some problems, such as: 1) export license is tight
Weight, electrode is relatively costly；2) finished surface has recast layer；3) working (machining) efficiency is compared with electrolysis, inefficient.Cause
This, in blisk batch production process, spark machined runs into many obstacles.
Blisk rough forging is generally short cylindric, and it exists bigger difference with the shape of final part, and material is cut
Except amount reaches 60%～90%, wherein it is mostly and completes during roughing leaf dish passage.At blisk
Numerical control milling aspect in passage roughing, general employing 4-coordinate or five-coordinate numerally controlled machine tool, the price of Digit Control Machine Tool own
High, processing price is high, for different materials and requirement on machining accuracy, and 300～1000 yuan the most per hour；Number
Control Electrolyzed Processing processing charges, 100～200 yuan the most per hour；Numerical control electric spark processing charges, the most per hour
150～300 yuan.Therefore, the research of reduction processing cost of slightly slotting blisk passage has great importance.
Summary of the invention
Technical scheme
Wire electric discharge machine method is that the thin plain conductor (molybdenum filament) utilizing movement does electrode, passes through Numeric Control Technology
Workpiece is carried out pulse spark electric discharge, completes the cutting to workpiece.The advantage of Wire EDM: (1) can processed complex
Workpiece, to processing thin-wall workpiece, deep narrow slot processing, microfabrication have uniqueness advantage；(2) Wire EDM adds
Without cutting force in work, do not affected by cutting force.Owing to blisk Five Axis digital control processing spends, per hour
Reach unit up to a hundred, and linear cutter expense hourly is less than 10 yuan, particularly in blisk material removal amount very
Big close to 90%, wherein overwhelming majority surplus is removed is slightly to slot in processing at leaf dish passage.Owing to using five axle connection
The cost that dynamic or four-shaft linkage numerical control machine carries out blisk processing is the hugest, so its economy problems just seems
Particularly important.And utilizing the wire cutting technology thick fluting to blisk, it is in roughing more than removal as much as possible
Amount, leaves few removal amount for follow-up semifinishing and polish, so can accomplish reasonable employment lathe, improve whole
The efficiency of lathe, shortens process time, saves processing cost.Without cutting force in linear cutter, owing to cutting force is straight
Connecing and affect workpiece quality, cutter life, machine power consumption, the existence of cutting force can cause system of processing in addition:
Machine tool workpiece, it causes system of processing to vibrate it can have a strong impact on machining accuracy and surface quality, but also
The life-span of lathe and cutter can be shortened, the noise pollution environment of vibration, the health of infringement workman.Therefore line cuts whole
Body leaf dish passage roughing reduces cost and has great importance with increasing economic efficiency.
The present invention solves the problem that numerical control milling in prior art, numerical control electrolysis and spark machined cost are bigger, pin
To wire electric discharge machine method, it is proposed that a kind of blisk line cutting roughing surplus minimizing technology.Use two
Coordinate machine, with blank removal value as object function, optimum when searching algorithm obtains blisk axis in cutting
Direction vector, and in this, as fixture clamping foundation.
The technical scheme is that
Described a kind of blisk line cutting roughing surplus minimizing technology, it is characterised in that: employing following steps:
Step 1: the sciagraphy calculating blisk blank anglec of rotation:
Step 1.1: by constituting the inner wheel hub face of a passage, leaf basin, blade back profile carry out iso-metric offset, the most partially
The amount of putting is allowance and linear cutting equipment cutting wire radius sum；Extract above leaf basin biasing surface, blade back biasing surface two
Bar boundary curve constitutes curved surface S1, two, lower section boundary curve constitutes curved surface S2；
Step 1.2: at curved surface S2First-class parameter discrete M bar U line and M bar V line, M is odd number, takes centre
Article one, the intersection point of U line and a middle V line is P0；At curved surface S1First-class parameter discrete N bar U line and N bar V
Line, the intersection point obtaining N bar U line and N bar V line is Pij(i, j=0,1,2...N-1), puts P0、PijConstitute vector nij
(i, j=0,1,2...N-1)；With nijVow for method and be some P0Plane be Spro；
Step 1.3: by blade back biasing surface, leaf basin biasing surface, interchannel inner wheel hub face biasing surface, blank round surface edge
nijDirection projection is to SproOn, the closed area obtaining surrounding is Sij(i, j=0,1,2...n), SijArea is Sarea；
Step 1.4: search for all nijIn the case of SareaIn maximum Smax, obtain the projection vector of its correspondence
For n0；Vector n0Being expressed as [a, b, c] in blisk model coordinate systems, blisk model coordinate systems is: overall
Leaf dish gyroaxis is Z axis, is Z axis forward to the direction on aerofluxus limit from leading edge, and the inlet end axial end center of circle is coordinate
Initial point, gyroaxis radial direction is X-axis；
Step 1.5: the angle α taking vector [0, b, c] and vector [0,0, d] is the angle that blisk blank rotates around X-axis
Degree；By vector n0Around X-axis rotation alpha, obtain vector n0', take vector n0' and vector n0Angle β be blisk
The angle that blank rotates around Y-axis；Wherein
Step 2: blisk blank is arranged on two coordinate machines by special fixture, and obtains according to step 1
Angle [alpha] and β blisk blank is rotated；
Described special fixture includes adjusting blisk blank at X axis and the sine gauge of Y-axis, adjustment blisk
The index dial of blank processing channel and support and compacting part；Support and compacting part includes support column, pressing plate；Whole
Body leaf dish blank is fixed on support column one end, and the support column other end is coaxially through the 3rd substrate with sine gauge after index dial
Bearing is rotatably assorted；Index dial constrains on the 3rd substrate by pressing plate, and index dial is divided into rotating disk and price fixing, support column
With rotating disk interference fit, coordinate with disc gap, positioned by alignment pin between rotating disk and price fixing；Sine gauge includes
Three substrates, second substrate, first substrate, the second gauge block, the first gauge block, the second support shaft, the first support shaft,
Two axis of rolling and first axis of rolling；Wherein second substrate, the second gauge block, the second support shaft and second axis of rolling support the
Three substrates, and for adjusting the anglec of rotation around Y-axis of blisk blank；Wherein first substrate, the first gauge block,
First support shaft and first axis of rolling support second substrate, and for adjusting the anglec of rotation around X-axis of blisk blank
Degree；
Step 3: the blisk blank being rotated in place is carried out line cutting roughing.
Beneficial effect
The present invention proposes the method that the roughing surplus of line cutting blisk passage fluting is removed, and adds for realizing line cutting
Work designs corresponding fixture.Traditional Wire-cut machining principle is applied in blisk passage fluting by this method,
Its advantage shows: without cutting force in Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining, and processing vibration deformation problem impact is the least；And by
Yu Yepan fluting surplus is removed many, and the abrasion to cutter is very serious, causes shorten cutter life, and line cuts almost
Not there is problems in that；Using two coordinate machines to carry out the processing charges of line cutting the lowest, processing is hourly takes for it
With less than 10 yuan, it makes the processing charges of blisk reduce by more than 50%, and therefore its huge economic benefit is raw
Produce the problem that enterprise pays special attention to.In addition set forth herein that it can solve well to blisk location and installation way
The certainly processing problems of line cutting blisk passage fluting.The fixture operation of the present invention is simple, and clamping is stable and reliable,
And design special indexing means and can realize the fluting of leaf dish passage diverse location；Improve machining accuracy to decrease
Datum transfer, and due to the cost of spent time such as dismounting, clamping, man power and material etc..
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 open type blisk figure
Fig. 2 leaf dish passage biasing surface figure
Fig. 3 leaf dish path partially biasing surface figure
Fig. 4 sets up initial ranging figure
Fig. 5 sets up plane graph
Fig. 6 line cutting track line chart
Fig. 7 open type leaf dish integral clamp figure
Fig. 8 fixture side view
Fig. 9 fixture partial cutaway figure
In figure: 1. the curved surface S that blade back is formed with leaf basin biasing surface lower limb curve2, 2. blank round surface, the 3. biasing of leaf basin
Curved surface, 4. interchannel inner wheel hub face biasing surface, 5. interchannel inner wheel hub face, 6. leaf dish blade back screw rotor, 7. leaf dish leaf
The back of the body curved surface, 8. leaf dish leaf pelvic curvature face, 9. open type impeller blade, the song that 10. blade back is formed with leaf basin biasing surface top edge curve
Face S1, 11. curved surface S1Deng parameter discrete point, 12. connect 2 formation methods on curved surface vows, 13 curved surface S2In parameter field
The heart, 14. planes generated, 15. optimum vectors, 16. molybdenum filament incisions, 17. molybdenum filaments cut out, 18. line cutting tracks, and 19.
Open type blisk, 20. support columns, 21. blocks, 22. second axis of rolling, 23. the 3rd substrates, 24. first index dials,
25. first pressing plates, 26. second gauge blocks, 27. first substrates, 28. second substrates, 29. first gauge blocks, 30. first support shafts,
31. second support shafts, 32. second pressing plates, 33. first fixed plates, 34. straight pins, 35. first bolts, 36. first nuts,
37. first axis of rolling, 38. second index dials, 39. second nuts, 40. second bolts, 41. second fixed plates, 42. first
Double end straight pin, 43. rolling bearings, 44. second double end straight pins.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention described:
The present invention uses wire cutting method to substitute usual blisk and goes surplus processing method numerical control milling method.?
On the basis of ensureing that the final geometry of integrated impeller blade is unaffected, remove surplus by wire cutting method and reach
Bigization.
Using the cutting of blisk line to remove margin approach, owing to leaf dish passage opening character is poor, when line cutting, molybdenum filament is easy
Switch to workpiece；Utilize leaf dish to adjust angle and realize the change of leaf dish channel space projected area, thus avoid molybdenum filament and workpiece
Interfere.This method adjusts leaf dish channel position, i.e. adjusts the angle of two axles of leaf dish, i.e. around X-axis and two of Y-axis
Angle realize leaf dish passage in space when of certain position channel projection area maximum.
So with blank removal value as object function in method, when searching algorithm obtains blisk axis in cutting
Optimum direction vector.Fig. 1 show open type blisk physical model, and main purpose of the present invention is exactly that opposite opened is overall
Leaf dish is in roughing stage removal as much as possible surplus, and its surplus to be removed is inclined at blade back biasing surface 7, leaf basin
Put face 8, interchannel inner wheel hub face biasing surface 4, blank round surface 2 and blade back and leaf basin biasing surface top edge shaped form
The curved surface S become1, the curved surface S that formed of blade back and leaf basin biasing surface lower limb curve2, the space that surrounded by this six faces altogether,
As shown in Figure 2.Calculate the blisk blank anglec of rotation by sciagraphy to concretely comprise the following steps:
Step 1.1: by constituting the inner wheel hub face of a passage, leaf basin, blade back profile carry out iso-metric offset, the most partially
The amount of putting is allowance and linear cutting equipment cutting wire radius sum；Extract above leaf basin biasing surface, blade back biasing surface two
Bar boundary curve constitutes curved surface S1, two, lower section boundary curve constitutes curved surface S2；It is upper with the positive direction of Z axis；Such as figure
Shown in 2 and Fig. 3；
Step 1.2: as shown in Figure 4, at curved surface S23 U lines of first-class parameter discrete and 3 V lines, take centre
Article one, the intersection point of U line and a middle V line is P0；At curved surface S120 U lines of first-class parameter discrete and 20 V
Line, the intersection point obtaining 20 U lines and 20 V lines is Pij(i, j=0,1,2...19), puts P0、PijConstitute vector nij
(i, j=0,1,2...19)；With nijVow for method and be some P0Plane be Spro；As shown in Figure 5；
Step 1.3: by blade back biasing surface, leaf basin biasing surface, interchannel inner wheel hub face biasing surface, blank round surface edge
nijDirection projection is to SproOn, the closed area obtaining surrounding is Sij(i, j=0,1,2...n), SijArea is Sarea；
Step 1.4: search for all nijIn the case of SareaIn maximum Smax, obtain the projection vector of its correspondence
For n0；As shown in Figure 6, vector n0Being expressed as [a, b, c] in blisk model coordinate systems, blisk model is sat
Mark system is: blisk gyroaxis is Z axis, is Z axis forward to the direction on aerofluxus limit from leading edge, inlet end axle head
The center of circle, face is zero, and gyroaxis radial direction is X-axis；
Step 1.5: the angle α taking vector [0, b, c] and vector [0,0, d] is the angle that blisk blank rotates around X-axis
Degree；By vector n0Around X-axis rotation alpha, obtain vector n0', take vector n0' and vector n0Angle β be blisk
The angle that blank rotates around Y-axis.
Ask for obtaining angle [alpha] and angle beta according to said process, be angle [alpha] that blisk blank rotates around X-axis and
The angle beta rotated around Y-axis.Blisk blank is forwarded to optimal cutting position through the adjustment of over-angle.
Next just blisk blank is arranged on two coordinate machines by special fixture, and obtain according to step 1
Angle [alpha] and β blisk blank is rotated.Here special fixture, exists including adjusting blisk blank
X axis and the sine gauge of Y-axis, the index dial adjusting blisk blank processing channel and support and compacting part.
Utilizing sine gauge to adjust α angle is exactly the angle rotated around X-axis, and adjusting β angle is exactly to become around the angle that Y-axis rotates
Change.The setting of indexing includes that two circular flat boards are the first index dial 24 and the second index dial 38, and i.e. one is Moving plate,
One is price fixing, makees equal number of index hole respectively on two plectanes, and the quantity in its hole is consistent with lobe numbers,
Indexing process is rotarily driven Moving plate by support column and rotates, and makes on the first index dial 24 and 38 two plectanes of the second index dial
Relevant position, hole overlap, position with straight pin 42 thus realize opposite opened leaf dish passage indexing carry out respectively line cutting add
Work.
Support and compacting part includes support column 20, pressing plate.Blisk blank 19 is fixed on support column one end,
Dagger upper end and the second fixed plate 41 are threaded connection fixing, open type entirety leaf are placed above in the second fixed plate 41
Dish blank 19, blisk blank 19 first fixed plate 33 above is compressed, and connects two by bolt and fixes
Pressing plate realizes the fixing of blisk blank.Equipped with deep-groove ball rolling bearing 44, it is arranged in the lower end of support column 20
On 3rd substrate 23 of sine gauge, can turn and realize leaf dish 19 and rotate.
First substrate 27 is bolted on platen and is positioned at the bottom, and index dial is positioned at the 3rd base of sine gauge
Above plate 23, index dial has two plectanes to be the first index dial 24 and the second index dial 38 realizes the processing of leaf dish
Indexing, the first index dial 24 is positioned at above the second index dial 38, can rotate between them, and its rotation is by supporting
Post 20 drives the second index dial 38 to realize, as it is shown in figure 9, the second index dial 38 and the 3rd substrate 23 are by two
Individual double end straight pin, is the first double end straight pin 42 and the second double end straight pin 44 respectively, realizes being fixed on the 3rd
On substrate 23, the position of its first double end straight pin 42 and the second double end straight pin 44 is symmetrical, divides every time
Degree rotates through slotting straight pin 41 location and realizes.As it is shown in fig. 7, the first pressing plate 25 is pressed in the lower left of index dial,
First bolt 35 is screwed into by the hole on pressing plate, is compressed with fixing finally by the first nut 36, the second pressing plate
32 upper left sides being pressed in index dial, the second bolt 40 is screwed into by the hole on pressing plate, will finally by the second nut 39
It compresses with fixing, is compressed by indexing table apparatus.
Utilize sine gauge to realize the adjustment of two angle directions, sine gauge include the 3rd substrate, second substrate, first
Substrate, the second gauge block, the first gauge block, the second support shaft, the first support shaft, second axis of rolling and first axis of rolling；
Wherein second substrate, the second gauge block, the second support shaft and second axis of rolling support the 3rd substrate, and are used for adjusting entirety
The anglec of rotation around Y-axis of leaf dish blank；Wherein first substrate, the first gauge block, the first support shaft and first axis of rolling
Support second substrate, and for adjusting the anglec of rotation around X-axis of blisk blank.
Finally the blisk blank being rotated in place is carried out line cutting roughing.
Claims (1)
1. a blisk line cutting roughing surplus minimizing technology, it is characterised in that: employing following steps:
Step 1: the sciagraphy calculating blisk blank anglec of rotation:
Step 1.1: by constituting the inner wheel hub face of a passage, leaf basin, blade back profile carry out iso-metric offset, the most partially
The amount of putting is allowance and linear cutting equipment cutting wire radius sum；Extract above leaf basin biasing surface, blade back biasing surface two
Bar boundary curve constitutes curved surface S1, two, lower section boundary curve constitutes curved surface S2；
Step 1.2: at curved surface S2First-class parameter discrete M bar U line and M bar V line, M is odd number, takes centre
Article one, the intersection point of U line and a middle V line is P0；At curved surface S1First-class parameter discrete N bar U line and N bar V
Line, the intersection point obtaining N bar U line and N bar V line is Pij(i, j=0,1,2...N-1), puts P0、PijConstitute vector nij
(i, j=0,1,2...N-1)；With nijVow for method and be some P0Plane be Spro；
Step 1.3: by blade back biasing surface, leaf basin biasing surface, interchannel inner wheel hub face biasing surface, blank round surface edge
nijDirection projection is to SproOn, the closed area obtaining surrounding is Sij(i, j=0,1,2...n), SijArea is Sarea；
Step 1.4: search for all nijIn the case of SareaIn maximum Smax, obtain the projection vector of its correspondence
For n0；Vector n0Being expressed as [a, b, c] in blisk model coordinate systems, blisk model coordinate systems is: overall
Leaf dish gyroaxis is Z axis, is Z axis forward to the direction on aerofluxus limit from leading edge, and the inlet end axial end center of circle is coordinate
Initial point, gyroaxis radial direction is X-axis；
Step 1.5: the angle α taking vector [0, b, c] and vector [0,0, d] is the angle that blisk blank rotates around X-axis
Degree；By vector n0Around X-axis rotation alpha, obtain vector n0', take vector n0' and vector n0Angle β be blisk
The angle that blank rotates around Y-axis；Wherein
Step 2: blisk blank is arranged on two coordinate machines by special fixture, and obtains according to step 1
Angle [alpha] and β blisk blank is rotated；
Described special fixture includes adjusting blisk blank at X axis and the sine gauge of Y-axis, adjustment blisk
The index dial of blank processing channel and support and compacting part；Support and compacting part includes support column, pressing plate；Whole
Body leaf dish blank is fixed on support column one end, and the support column other end is coaxially through the 3rd substrate with sine gauge after index dial
Bearing is rotatably assorted；Index dial constrains on the 3rd substrate by pressing plate, and index dial is divided into rotating disk and price fixing, support column
With rotating disk interference fit, coordinate with disc gap, positioned by alignment pin between rotating disk and price fixing；Sine gauge includes
Three substrates, second substrate, first substrate, the second gauge block, the first gauge block, the second support shaft, the first support shaft,
Two axis of rolling and first axis of rolling；Wherein second substrate, the second gauge block, the second support shaft and second axis of rolling support the
Three substrates, and for adjusting the anglec of rotation around Y-axis of blisk blank；Wherein first substrate, the first gauge block,
First support shaft and first axis of rolling support second substrate, and for adjusting the anglec of rotation around X-axis of blisk blank
Degree；
Step 3: the blisk blank being rotated in place is carried out line cutting roughing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410164169.0A CN104014890B (en) | 2014-04-23 | 2014-04-23 | Blisk line cutting roughing surplus minimizing technology and special fixture |
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| CN201410164169.0A CN104014890B (en) | 2014-04-23 | 2014-04-23 | Blisk line cutting roughing surplus minimizing technology and special fixture |
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| CN104014890B true CN104014890B (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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| CN104889516A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-09 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Electrical discharge machining method of three-dimensional space hole |
| CN107252938A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of Complex Different Shape channel design Electrolyzed Processing Special tooling clamp and processing method |
| CN107263128A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | Multiaxis conversion equipment and Multi-axis Machining method |
| CN108380989B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2024-04-23 | 北京汉飞航空科技有限公司 | Processing method and equipment for aero-engine blisk |
| CN109323643B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-12-01 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Rapid detection device and method for blade profile of blisk subjected to electrolytic rough machining |
| CN112857302B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-02-11 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Angle measuring method and method for drawing angle line |
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