CN102248380B - Method for processing integral casing of engine - Google Patents

Method for processing integral casing of engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102248380B
CN102248380B CN 201110185236 CN201110185236A CN102248380B CN 102248380 B CN102248380 B CN 102248380B CN 201110185236 CN201110185236 CN 201110185236 CN 201110185236 A CN201110185236 A CN 201110185236A CN 102248380 B CN102248380 B CN 102248380B
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casing
blade
processing
carrying
benchmark
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CN102248380A (en
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郝小忠
何磊
耿习琴
王珉
鲍益东
王恒厂
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
China Gas Turbine Research Institute
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for processing an integral casing of an engine, which is characterized by mainly comprising the steps of: inspecting blanks, carrying out rough turning on inner and outer shapes of the casing, carrying out numerical control milling on the outer shape of the casing and engraving lines for trisection, carrying out wire cutting and trisecting on the casing on the basis of the trisection lines, carrying out aging and stress-relieving treatments, grinding upper and lower end faces and processing two dowel holes in the lower end face, carrying out blade slot treatment and processing a faying surface and a flange hole, carrying out finish milling on the outer shape of the casing, carrying out the aging treatment again, assembling the trisected modules and establishing a benchmark again, carrying out finish turning on the inner surface of the casing, disassembling the modules of the casing, carrying out the finish milling on blades and assembling the modules of the casing, wherein a fillet variable-axis plunge milling method, a blade spacing processing method and a flexible supporting method are adopted in the blade finish milling process. The method provided by the invention has the advantages: the technical process is simple; the produced integral casing has higher precision; the advantages of good consistency, little deformation and high efficiency are provided in the blade processing; the technical problem that the integral casing is difficult in numerical control is solved by means of the trisection processing method; and the process method can also be used for the development of multilevel integral casings.

Description

The whole casing processing method of engine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of machine components, especially a kind of processing method of high speed engine blade casing, the whole casing processing method of specifically a kind of engine.
Background technology
At present; Along with the raising of engine requirement and performance, the design of engine rectification casing more and more trends towards overall construction design, and the overall structure connection element is few; Number of parts reduces to 10-20 by original 100-200; Quality alleviates greatly, and reliability is significantly improved, and the performance indications of engine are greatly improved.The overall construction design of casing is brought a lot of difficult points to its manufacturing; The processing technology that whole casing is compared integral rotor is complicated more, and whole casing is because blade is distributed in the inside of casing, and the accessibility that adds the cutter in man-hour is very poor; And space, blade tip place is narrow and small, adds very easily to interfere phenomenon man-hour; The outside of whole casing is the shaped as frame structure, and integral rigidity is relatively poor, and machining deformation is big, and therefore the manufacture difficulty of whole casing is very big.
Like application number is 201010100905.8, and denomination of invention discloses the method that a kind of electrochemical machining method is processed leaf basin, blade back, blade root respectively for the Chinese patent of " substep zone type integral impeller electrolytic processing process and device ".The patent No. ZL200810064153.7 of Chinese patent document publication, January 27 2010 Granted publication day, denomination of invention " Ruled surface impeller tool path planning and processing method ", this method is primarily aimed at the processing method of ruled surface impeller and studies.The application number 200810120574.7 of Chinese patent document publication, open day on March 3rd, 2010, denomination of invention " a kind of processing technology for double-blade enclosed impeller ", the method for this technology utilization welding punching press blade has been processed a kind of double shrouded wheel.Above patent is mainly used the method for Electrolyzed Processing and welding, and machining accuracy is difficult to satisfy the requirement of engine, and ruled surface is a kind of better simply form of free form surface, and its processing method does not have directive function to the processing of the part of free form surface.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be difficult to satisfy whole casing processing request to existing processing method, and the machining accuracy not high problem of high efficiency not, invent a kind of blade high conformity, be out of shape little, the engine integral body casing processing method that efficient is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The whole casing processing method of a kind of engine is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
Step 101: casing inspection of blank operation, whether the check blank material exists forging defect after forging, and whether the inspection spare part outside measurement meets the requirements, and whether the inspection condition of heat treatment is up to standard;
Step 102: shape, profile and upper and lower end face in the profile operation in the rough turn casing, turning casing;
Step 103: with the lower surface is benchmark, and five-shaft numerical control is rough milled the casing profile, and draws the equal portions line at the faying face place, and whole casing blank is divided into three equal portions at least so that the feed of five-shaft numerical control milling machine and withdrawing;
Step 104: with the equal portions line is benchmark, cuts at least three equal portions to the casing line;
Step 105: carry out the timeliness stress removing;
Step 106: polish through the upper and lower end face of step 102 turning, control both ends of the surface parallelism error is less than or equal to 0.015mm, and is that machining benchmark processes two dowel holes on every equal portions casing with the upper surface;
Step 107: with the casing lower surface is benchmark, and dowel hole location to the blade processing of slotting, processes faying face (being segmentation place) at last and locates and flange hole;
Step 108: with the casing lower surface is benchmark, the dowel hole location, and finish-milling casing profile is to the tolerance of setting;
Step 109: carry out the timeliness stress removing;
Step 110: utilize the bolt of micron order, nut that each equal portions assembly is dressed up the domain, polish the casing upper and lower end face once more, and be benchmark advanced study and training dowel holes with the upper surface;
Step 111: with the casing lower surface is benchmark, centering part endoporus, and other surface except that blade, turning casing inside is to setting tolerance;
Step 112: dismantle precision bolt and nut, whole casing is divided into the assembly of respective numbers;
Step 113: with the casing lower surface is benchmark, the dowel hole location, and the faying face of finish-milling blade and segmentation place is to setting size, and concrete steps comprise:
Step 11301: on the basis of blade fluting processing; Adopt processing method at interval directly to process one at a distance from one blade path; Comprising the blade back of leaf basin, runner and the adjacent blades of a blade, machine the back and also have half the blade path to be processed;
Step 11302: the fillet up and down of processing blade respectively; It is that the V of blade surface is to (being the length of blade direction) that fillet adds the man-hour machining direction; It is cutter runner direction feeding from the blade lateral; Generating tool axis vector (axial line) curvature along with fillet surface when feeding changes, and keeps generating tool axis vector to become 15 degree with the fillet surface tangent vector;
Step 11303: in the blade path of having processed, add flexible support, reprocess out second half blade path to be processed, thereby accomplish the fine finishining of whole blade.
Step 11304: finish-milling casing three equal parts binding face;
Step 114: with precision bolt and nut three part component groups are dressed up the domain, obtain the finished product of whole casing.
Described casing is cut into three equal parts and processes respectively.
Described flexible support method is to be contained in a ratio with the magnetic molecule to have processed in the bigger soft cloth bag of blade path, and the soft cloth bag is placed processing channel, with hand by reality and seal mouth; Apply an external magnetic field to magnetic-particle, it is inhaled together each other, add and play a supporting role man-hour, blade can not produce distortion, applies a rightabout external magnetic field after machining again, magnetic-particle is lost magnetism, thereby take out supporter easily.
Described casing is divided into three sections, and the angle of the dowel hole on every section casing is not less than 60 degree.
The center of circle of the arc section at the place, center of the dowel hole on described every section casing and the center of circle biasing of this section casing are between offset is 0.8-1.2 millimeters.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, machining process of the present invention is simple, and the whole casing of production has higher precision, satisfies instructions for use.
2, equal portions processing method (three equal parts) has solved the technical barrier that whole casing is difficult to digital control processing, and Machining reachability significantly improves, and has avoided the interference of cutter shaft and casing.
3, the slotting milling of fillet change axle improves the fillet working (machining) efficiency greatly, can practice thrift about 90% of process time.
4, blade interval processing method makes one group of passage of processing earlier accomplish processing in the enough good situation of rigidity, has reduced the processing of leaves distortion.
5, the flexible support method makes supporter before processing, be in the state of flexible, adjustable, adds to become rigid support man-hour, and this supports handled easily, and is effective, and the blade processing distortion is little.
6, the inventive method is simple, and the whole casing of production has higher precision, and the three equal parts processing method has solved the technical barrier that whole casing is difficult to digital control processing.Finish-milling blade operation adopts fillet to become the slotting milling of axle, blade processing method and flexible support method at interval, the blade high conformity of processing, be out of shape little, the efficient height.This process can be used for the development of multistage whole casing equally.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is whole case structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the rough turn process chart in profile maximum cross-section in the casing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the rough turn process chart of profile in the casing of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is casing contour milling manufacturing procedure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is casing line cutting of the present invention, dowel hole manufacturing procedure figure.
Fig. 7 is blade fluting of the present invention, interval processing method schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is that the milling schematic diagram is inserted in fillet processing of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flexible support method schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the casing three equal parts assembly finished figure of the present invention's processing.
Above drawing reference numeral title: 1, whole casing, 101, blade, 102, runner, 103, casing three equal parts faying face, 104, fillet; 105, blade back, 106, the leaf basin, 107, flange hole, 108, the casing profile, 2, the three equal parts assembly; 201, three equal parts faying face, 202, dowel hole, 203, blade opens thick groove, 204, processing channel; 205, passage to be processed, 206, fillet, 207, the soft cloth bag, 208, the magnetic molecule.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described.
Shown in Fig. 1-10.
The whole casing processing method of a kind of engine blade, it may further comprise the steps:
Step 101: casing inspection of blank operation; Carry out ultrasonic inspection; Whether the check blank material exists slag inclusion, pore, crack, forging defect such as damaged, and whether the inspection spare part outside measurement guarantees to leave on each machined surface allowance, and whether the inspection condition of heat treatment satisfies the requirement of HRC34-38; The main measurer of this step has 0-200mm slide measure and 0-500mm slide measure etc., and capital equipment has USN58 supersonic detector and JC05-PHR-16 type Rockwell metal hardness detector;
Step 102: profile operation in the rough turn casing, press in the casing behind the rough turn part in profile maximum cross-section support endoporus A as shown in Figure 4, centering cylindrical C like Fig. 3; Allow cylindrical to beat and be not more than 0.02mm, profile and upper surface B in the car part top, tune folder cylindrical C; Centering end face D and cylindrical E allow to beat smaller or equal to 0.01mm, profile and lower surface F in the car part bottom; Turning is processed as Milling Process and stays the 1mm surplus, and most materials is removed in turning, can reduce the distortion of postorder operation; Improve working (machining) efficiency, the main measurer of this step has 0-150mm slide measure and 0-5mm dial gauge etc., and capital equipment has the C620 numerically controlled lathe;
Step 103: as shown in Figure 5, be benchmark with lower surface F, press the G face, the centering cylindrical; Allow maximum jitter 0.02mm, five-shaft numerical control is rough milled the casing profile, the monolateral 2mm surplus of staying, and all sizes are guaranteed by program; Root fillet R1.5mm, profile roughing lets part fully discharge internal stress, carves the three equal parts line at the faying face place and (also can be quarter, five equal portions ... Or the like; Many more Deng umber, the casing part count is just many, and generally selection waits umber few under the hands-off situation of processing; Be that example is explained below with three equal parts, can carry out with reference to three equal parts more than the three equal parts, if the phenomenon that two equal portions can exist the turnover cutter to interfere); For the line cutting action provides benchmark, the main measurer of this step has 0-150mm slide measure and 0-5mm dial gauge etc., and capital equipment has UCP710 five coordinate high-speed machining centers;
Step 104: with the equal portions line is benchmark, and according to the profile of numerical control milling processing, a clamping cuts into part the three equal parts assembly of 120 degree; As shown in Figure 6, being divided into the three equal parts assembly to part also is the conclusion that draws on the basis through repeatedly practice, and the processing cutter shaft can interfere phenomenon with the equal portions faying face when part was divided into halves; Machining reachability is not enough, can't process, and the generating tool axis vector when controlling processing during three equal parts well can be avoided this phenomenon; Accomplish processing smoothly; Though and employing quarter spare generating tool axis vector is more prone to control, can increase the number of parts of whole casing, so final decision adopts the three equal parts method to process whole casing;
Step 105: carry out the timeliness stress removing, after the roughing operation is accomplished, carry out the timeliness stress removing, mainly be based on the consideration of the internal stress of eliminating the generation of roughing stage, reduce the error that produces in the processing, guarantee the machining accuracy of part;
Step 106: grinding is through the upper surface of step 102 turning B and lower surface F, and control both ends of the surface flatness and parallelism error are less than or equal to 0.015mm, are benchmark with the B face; Press the F face, the centering cylindrical, the permission maximum jitter is 0.02mm; Process two pin-and-holes, guarantee that the pin-and-hole diameter is 4 0 + 0.012Angle between the mm, two pin-and-holes is about 60 degree, and is as shown in Figure 6; The center of circle of two pin-and-holes circle of living in does not overlap with the part center of circle; Offset is between 0.8-1.2mm, and after can guaranteeing like this in the postorder operation faying face processed finishing, the center of circle at two pin-and-holes place overlaps with the part center of circle; Adopt the eccentric method of pin-and-hole can solve three casing assemblies of a blank processing; Practiced thrift cost greatly, the main measurer of this step has 0-200mm micrometric depth gauge and 4-9.5mm dial bore gage etc., and capital equipment has MM7132 surface grinding machine and T4163 jig boring machine;
Step 107: with casing lower surface F face is benchmark, and the G face is pressed in the pin-and-hole location; Utilize five coordinate numerical control machining centers to the blade processing of slotting, the groove of a 6mm is opened in fixing orientation of lathe during fluting processing between blade and blade; Stay the 1mm surplus in the runner direction, as shown in Figure 7, can cut off the contact of interlobate internal stress like this; But it is too much that groove should not be opened, and stay surplus as much as possible to blade, for the interval processing method of postorder guarantees; Process faying face place and flange hole at last, guarantee that the diameter in hole satisfies 4 0 + 0.012The requirement of mm, the main measurer of this step has 0-5mm dial gauge etc., and capital equipment has UCP710 five coordinate high-speed machining centers;
Step 108: with casing lower surface F face is benchmark, and the G face is pressed in the pin-and-hole location; Utilize five coordinate numerical control machining centers that the profile of casing is carried out fine finishining (promptly being machined within the scope of error permission, down together), spare part outside measurement is guaranteed by nc program; Carry out the fine finishining of casing profile earlier and be in order to guarantee that distortion that sharp processing causes does not influence the precision of blade; After profile fine finishining, carry out carrying out the fine finishining of blade again after destressing is handled with the rebuilding benchmark, thereby guarantee the processing of leaves precision; The main measurer of this step has 0-5mm dial gauge etc., and capital equipment has UCP710 five coordinate high-speed machining centers;
Step 109: carrying out the timeliness stress removing, before blade fine finishining, carry out secondary ageing and handle, mainly is the internal stress of eliminating processing of blade fluting and the generation of profile fine finishining stage, guarantees the processing of leaves precision;
Step 110: utilize technology precision bolt, nut (also can in adopt the bolt and nut of general precision) that the three equal parts component groups is dressed up a domain; Grinding casing upper surface B and lower surface F once more; And be benchmark advanced study and training dowel holes with upper surface B face, processing datum F and two datum holes all can deform after the timeliness stress removing, and the precision of benchmark is difficult to guarantee; In order to improve the crudy of part; Means through revising benchmark once more realize that the main measurer of this step has 0-200mm micrometric depth gauge and 4-9.5mm dial bore gage etc., and capital equipment has MM7132 surface grinding machine and T4163 jig boring machine;
Step 111: with casing lower surface F face is benchmark; Centering part endoporus; Other surface except that blade, clamping precision turning casing inside at twice, the main measurer of this step has 0-150mm slide measure and 0-5mm dial gauge etc., and capital equipment has the C620 numerically controlled lathe;
Step 112: dismounting precision bolt and nut, whole casing is divided into three part assemblies, be convenient to carry out respectively the blade fine finishining of three assemblies;
Step 113: with casing lower surface F face is benchmark, the pin-and-hole location, and finish-milling blade and faying face, the main measurer of this step has 0-5mm dial gauge etc., and capital equipment has UCP710 five coordinate high-speed machining centers, and concrete steps comprise:
Step 11301: on the basis of blade fluting processing, directly process one, comprising the blade back of leaf basin, runner and the adjacent blades of a blade at a distance from one blade path; Machining the back also has half the blade path to be processed; As shown in Figure 7, arrange this interval processing method can make blade in that the processing of accomplishing leaf basin, runner and blade back under the situation of enough rigidity is arranged, if process blade path continuously; Rigidity can be very poor during blade processing; Can cause very big strain after the processing, mismachining tolerance is generally very inhomogeneous at 0.1-0.2mm and error profile, and is maximum near the error at blade tip place; And at interval the blade error of processing method processing less than 0.03mm, the no chatter mark in surface;
Step 11302: process the fillet up and down of blade respectively, it is that the V of blade surface is to, i.e. cutter runner direction feeding from the blade lateral that fillet adds the man-hour machining direction; As shown in Figure 8, generating tool axis vector curvature along with fillet surface when feeding changes, and generally remains on generating tool axis vector and becomes 15 degree to be advisable with the fillet surface tangent vector; Fillet processing we original what adopt is the layering finishing method, lathe C axle rotational angle is very big when fillet is processed, working (machining) efficiency is very low; Fillet of general processing needs about 30 minutes, and the existing fillet that adopts becomes the slotting milling of axle, selects a kind of flat band R cutter for use; Can increase the diameter of cutter; Reduce and insert the number of times that mills, a general fillet is inserted to mill and can be obtained size and dimension precision preferably about 5 times, and the A axle of lathe and C axle rotate very little during owing to processing; Therefore significantly shorten to 2-3 minute process time, working (machining) efficiency has improved 10 times.
Step 11303: as shown in Figure 9; In the blade path of having processed, adopt the flexible support method, reprocess out second half blade path to be processed, thereby accomplish the fine finishining of whole blade; Shown in figure 10; The flexible support method promptly is contained in a ratio with the magnetic molecule and has processed in the bigger soft cloth bag of blade path, and the soft cloth bag is placed processing channel, with hand by reality and seal mouth.Apply an external magnetic field to magnetic-particle, it is inhaled together each other, add and play a supporting role man-hour, blade can not produce distortion.Apply a rightabout external magnetic field after machining again, magnetic-particle is lost magnetism, thereby take out supporter easily.Because the space between the blade is narrow and small and curve form is complicated, can't adopt rigid support, it is the same with spoon of blade complex-curved to adopt other method for supporting all must process earlier; And the flexible support method that we adopt need not to carry out any processing, and is easy to operate; Support effect is good; The easy operating in the production scene, mismachining tolerance can be controlled between the 0.03-0.05mm, satisfy the requirement of whole casing blade error 0.1mm fully;
Step 11304: finish-milling casing three equal parts faying face; Because there are a little off-centre in dowel hole and part center; The surplus of removing binding face can make the center of circle of two pin-and-holes place circle overlap with the center of part, make casing blade after the assembling be distributed in same in the heart;
Step 114: with precision bolt and nut three part component groups are dressed up the domain, obtain the finished product of whole casing, as shown in Figure 1; We have arranged the secondary ageing stress removing in above operation, and secondary correct grinding machining benchmark is for progressively eliminating the influence of machining deformation to the part processing quality, and we do not arrange these operations to add man-hour at testpieces; Processing back three part assemblies are difficult to assembling; The error that the assembling back is detected is very big, can not meet the demands, on the basis of summing up failure experience; We have arranged these operations, have obtained effect preferably.
The casing that will pass through above-mentioned steps processing detects on three coordinate measuring machine; The result satisfies the designing requirement of casing fully; Especially the worst error of blade-section is controlled at about 0.05mm, and the casing blade error 0.2mm that compares common process processing is significantly increased.
The present invention does not relate to all identical with the prior art prior art that maybe can adopt of part and realizes.

Claims (5)

1. the whole casing processing method of an engine is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
Step 101: casing inspection of blank operation, whether the check blank material exists forging defect after forging, and whether the inspection spare part outside measurement meets the requirements, and whether the inspection condition of heat treatment is up to standard;
Step 102: shape, profile and upper and lower end face in the profile operation in the rough turn casing, turning casing;
Step 103: with the lower surface is benchmark, and five-shaft numerical control is rough milled the casing profile, and draws bisector at the faying face place, and whole casing blank is divided into three equal portions at least so that the feed of five-shaft numerical control milling machine and withdrawing;
Step 104: with the equal portions line is benchmark, cuts at least three equal portions to the casing line;
Step 105: carry out the timeliness stress removing;
Step 106: polish through the upper and lower end face of step 102 turning, control both ends of the surface parallelism error is less than or equal to 0.015mm, and is that machining benchmark processes two dowel holes on every equal portions casing with the upper surface;
Step 107: with the casing lower surface is benchmark, and dowel hole location to the blade processing of slotting, processes faying face place and flange hole at last;
Step 108: with the casing lower surface is benchmark, the dowel hole location, and finish-milling casing profile is to the tolerance of setting;
Step 109: carry out the timeliness stress removing;
Step 110: utilize the bolt of micron order, nut that each equal portions assembly is dressed up the domain, polish the casing upper and lower end face once more, and be benchmark advanced study and training dowel holes with the upper surface;
Step 111: with the casing lower surface is benchmark, centering part endoporus, and other surface except that blade, turning casing inside is to setting tolerance;
Step 112: dismounting precision bolt and nut are divided into some assemblies with whole casing;
Step 113: with the casing lower surface is benchmark, the dowel hole location, and the faying face of finish-milling blade and segmentation place is to setting size, and concrete steps comprise:
Step 11301: on the basis of blade fluting processing; Adopt processing method at interval directly to process one at a distance from one blade path; Comprising the blade back of leaf basin, runner and the adjacent blades of a blade, machine the back and also have half the blade path to be processed;
Step 11302: the fillet up and down of processing blade respectively; Fillet add man-hour machining direction be blade surface V to; It is cutter runner direction feeding from the blade lateral; Generating tool axis vector axial line curvature along with fillet surface when feeding changes, and keeps generating tool axis vector to become 15 degree with the fillet surface tangent vector;
Step 11303: in the blade path of having processed, add flexible support, reprocess out second half blade path to be processed, thereby accomplish the fine finishining of whole blade;
Step 11304: each equal portions binding face of finish-milling casing;
Step 114: with precision bolt and nut the each several part component groups is dressed up the domain, obtain the finished product of whole casing.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described casing is cut into three equal parts.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described flexible support method is to be contained in a ratio with the magnetic molecule to have processed in the bigger soft cloth bag of blade path, and the soft cloth bag is placed processing channel, with hand by reality and seal mouth; Apply an external magnetic field to magnetic-particle, it is inhaled together each other, add and play a supporting role man-hour, blade can not produce distortion, applies a rightabout external magnetic field after machining again, magnetic-particle is lost magnetism, thereby take out supporter easily.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described casing is divided into three sections, and the angle of the dowel hole on every section casing is not less than 60 degree.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that setovering with the center of circle of this section casing in the center of circle of arc section at the center place of the dowel hole on described every section casing, between offset is 0.8-1.2 millimeters.
CN 201110185236 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Method for processing integral casing of engine Expired - Fee Related CN102248380B (en)

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