A kind of oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed method for separating
Technical field
The application relates to a kind of coal preparation method, is specifically related to the method for separating of a kind of use with the oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator of waste gas recovery structure.
Background technology
Traditional air dense medium fluidized bed separator feature is: air acts on dense media by cloth wind structure with certain flow rate, forms fluidized state, its character class quasi-fluid.By adjusting composition and the granularity of dense media, fluid bed is made to reach certain density: the selected material self exfoliation betwixt of different densities, the material that density is less floats, the material sinking that density is larger, material adopts drag conveyor at the marker method of machine Inner eycle after sorting, upper strata row coal, lower floor's discharge refuse.In production reality, owing to taking the measures such as water spray dust and weather reason in recovery process, raw coal moisture is usually higher, air dense medium fluidized bed dry coal preparation technique can not be met to the requirement of feed coal moisture, propose vibration percolation bed drying theory in prior art for this reason, the operation principle that fluidized bed drying is worn in vibration is given: thermal current is from bottom to top through air distribution plate in Fig. 1, caloic exchange is carried out with the coal seam on air distribution plate, wet coal grain adds in separator by heated-air drying from charge door, under the effect of vibration of vibrator, discharge end is quickly moving toward along air distribution plate from feeding end, finally discharge with dry coal, a large number of experiments show that, vibration percolation bed accessory has Quick uniform depth drying characteristic.
But vibration is worn fluidized bed drying and be there is following deficiency in actual applications:
One is that its power consumption is serious, original air dense medium fluidized bed is a kind of drycleaned coal method of low energy consumption, but after refer to hot air fluidized bed, heating consumes a large amount of electric energy or coal, to the process of waste gas with reclaim still not deep research in prior art, therefore heat is with a large amount of loss of waste gas;
Two is cannot to the humidity change response fast entering coal separation, the ability that air dense medium fluidized bed processes raw coal every day is huge, the raw coal water content of different batches is distinguished very large sometimes, existing hot air heating apparatus power is larger, adjust the response speed of getting up to heat up or lowering the temperature fast not, therefore often the raw coal of the easy argillization of appearance blocks the situation of air distribution plate, traces it to its cause, be do not have fast heating hot blast, coal drying capacity is not enough.And excessive alternating temperature control is carried out to heater can damage its original life, and powerful firing equipment price is high, therefore, existing separator maintenance cost remains high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed method for separating, solve aforesaid above-mentioned defect of the prior art.
A kind of oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed method for separating, fluidized-bed layer is formed in separator inside, by the vibration of the refuse rotor of separator or the rotation of chain scraper and exciting post, the coal that fluid bed upper strata sorts out is pulled over to cleaned coal mouth (5), and the spoil of lower floor is scraped to spoil mouth by refuse rotor or chain scraper; Fluidized-bed layer is formed by air supply device, air supply device is hot blast air supply device, it adds first heater in basic wind or pulse wind system, first heater is used for the air heat that will pass through, it is characterized in that, control the temperature of the hot blast of separator inside according to the water content of raw coal, waste gas recovery mouth is used for the thermal current of dust-laden to discharge.
The separator that method for separating uses also has gas recovery system, and this gas recovery system comprises Double layer spiral flow device, secondary heating mechanism, two-position four-way valve, control device, secondary heating mechanism heats the air-flow flowed through, checkout gear, the water content of checkout gear to cleaned coal is monitored in real time;
Described Double layer spiral flow device comprises internal layer cyclone, and internal layer cyclone is top is cylinder, bottom is the cyclone of cone, is set in outer casing at internal layer cyclone, has the space for air current flow between internal layer cyclone and outer casing; The outer surface of outer casing is provided with heat-insulation layer; Internal layer cyclone is also provided with internal layer entrance, internal layer overflow lip, slag-drip opening; Outer casing has outer entrance, outer overflow lip, outer outlet;
When gas recovery system the first state, the hot blast that first heater produces can be fully dry by raw coal, the internal layer entrance of now waste gas recovery mouth access Double layer spiral flow device, waste gas is after the dedusting of internal layer cyclone, air-flow returns the air supply device of separator after the discharge of internal layer overflow lip through two-position four-way valve, and grit is discharged from slag-drip opening, the secondary heating mechanism of gas recovery system provides the temperature of insulation and outer layers entrance supplies thermal current, thermal current is discharged from skin outlet, return the second heating system through two position three-way valve, two position three-way valve is positioned at primary importance;
When gas recovery system the second state, checkout gear sends the cleaned coal moisture measurement value of discharge to control device, control device judges that water content exceedes predetermined value, then control two-position four-way valve and forward the second place to, now internal layer overflow lip is connected with outer entrance, secondary heating mechanism is directly connected with air dense medium fluidized bed separator, two position three-way valve enters the second place, be connected with secondary heating mechanism by two position three-way valve by outer overflow lip, the rotational flow dust-removing that waste gas to enter in outer casing again at internal layer cyclone after dedusting again obtains purer gas, secondary heating mechanism rises to heating-up temperature from holding temperature before, heating-up temperature is regulated by control device.
Be more preferably, secondary heating mechanism is curved coil pipe or multiaperture-type heater.
Be more preferably, internal layer entrance is set in outer entrance, and internal layer overflow lip is set in outer overflow lip; The bottom of outer casing has second row cinder notch.
Beneficial effect:
1) the oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator in the present invention employs gas recovery system, the high heat waste gas that oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator is discharged is reclaimed, by the conversion of two-position four-way valve, gas recovery system has dedusting and insulation, dedusting and heating various modes, thus ensure that the quality of the air-flow returning separator, reuse heat energy to the full extent;
2) two heaters are utilized, namely first heater and secondary heating mechanism come to heat air feed, equipment requirement is reduced for powerful first heater, for secondary heating mechanism, flexible and efficient, maintenance cost is low, no matter secondary heating mechanism is in the partial circulating of insulation or in gas recovery system main line, can play the effect that it is flexible and efficient;
3) Double layer spiral flow device is employed, Double layer spiral flow device is cyclone and heat insulation layer structure in a first state, in the second condition, by the simple commutation of two position three-way valve, just become two cyclones of suit, now the surface of outer casing also has heat-insulation layer, and be equivalent to the heat that two sections of cyclonic separation only have lost a cyclone, this further improves the thermal efficiency of native system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 vibrates the principle schematic that percolation bed applies at air dense medium fluidized bed separator in prior art.
Fig. 2 is oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator exhaust-gas treatment first view.
Fig. 3 is oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator exhaust-gas treatment second view.
Fig. 4 is Double layer spiral flow device structure sectional view.
In figure: 1, oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator; 2, exciting post; 3, spring; 4, waste gas recovery mouth; 5, cleaned coal mouth; 6, air supply device; 7, spoil mouth; 8, first heater; 9, Double layer spiral flow device; 10, secondary heating mechanism; 11, two-position four-way valve; 12, control device; 13, checkout gear; 14, internal layer cyclone; 15, outer casing; 16, support column; 17, outer outlet; 18, slag-drip opening; 19, internal layer entrance; 20, outer entrance; 21, outer overflow lip; 22, internal layer overflow lip; 23, two position three-way valve.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator in the present embodiment is provided with exciting post 2, separator bottom is provided with spring 3 and carrys out stable fuselage, feeding mouth is positioned at the top of separator, the raw coal with certain water content is fed separator, through sorting, by the refuse rotor of separator inside or the rotation of chain scraper, the floating thing coal sorted out on fluidized bed for separation upper strata is pulled over to the discharging opening of floating thing, i.e. cleaned coal mouth 5; And spoil is scraped to spoil mouth 7 by refuse rotor or chain scraper.The air supply device 6 of air dense medium fluidized bed sorting is hot blast air supply device, can add first heater 8 in basic wind or pulse wind system, thus supply hot blast.The air heat of first heater 8 for passing through, heat time, the power of described heater can be controlled by electric controller, and the hot blast exported is controlled.Be preferably the raw coal setting heating power that the power of first heater 8 is minimum according to water content in each batch of raw coal.Waste gas recovery mouth 4 is positioned at the top of separator, for being discharged by the thermal current of dust-laden.
Air dense medium fluidized bed separator also has gas recovery system, and this gas recovery system comprises Double layer spiral flow device 9, secondary heating mechanism 10, two-position four-way valve 11, control device 12, checkout gear 13.Secondary heating mechanism 10 is curved coil pipe or porous plate, and gas can be combined more fully with firing equipment when through secondary heating mechanism 10, but the shortcoming of this kind of heater is easily by a grain blocking.The water content of checkout gear 13 pairs of cleaned coal is monitored in real time.
Double layer spiral flow device 9 structure is specifically shown in Fig. 4, it comprises internal layer cyclone 14, internal layer cyclone 14 is top is cylinder, bottom is the cyclone of cone, is provided with outer casing 15 outside internal layer cyclone 14, and has the space for air current flow between internal layer cyclone 14 and outer casing 15; The outer surface of outer casing 15 is provided with heat-insulation layer; Internal layer cyclone 14 is also provided with internal layer entrance 19, internal layer overflow lip 22, slag-drip opening 18; Outer casing has outer entrance 20, outer overflow lip 21, outer outlet 17.Preferably, internal layer entrance 19 is set in outer entrance 20, and internal layer overflow lip is set in outer overflow lip.Preferably, the bottom of outer casing has second row cinder notch.
Two-position four-way valve 11 is rotary valves, its valve plate with a two-sided indent is as spool, rotary valve has four ports in the circumferential, and by being counterclockwise followed successively by first, second, third and fourth port, spool has two positions, when primary importance, first and second port communicates, and third and fourth port communicates, and during the second place, first, fourth port communicates, and second and third port communicates.
See Fig. 2, when air dense medium fluidized bed processes the carrying out of waste gas, separator is turned back to by after waste gas dedusting, therefore heat is fully reused, and in a general case, the hot blast that first heater 8 produces can be fully dry by raw coal, now waste gas recovery mouth 4 accesses the internal layer entrance 19 of Double layer spiral flow device, waste gas is after the dedusting of internal layer cyclone, and air-flow returns the air supply device 6 of separator after internal layer overflow lip 22 discharge through two-position four-way valve 11, and grit is discharged from slag-drip opening.Gas recovery system also has secondary heating mechanism, and when this state, secondary heating mechanism outer layers entrance is for thermal current, and thermal current is discharged from skin outlet 17, returns the second heating system 10 through two position three-way valve 23.Two position three-way valve 23 is positioned at primary importance, and due to the bottom that skin outlet 17 is positioned at outer casing, such thermal current can be full of the space between internal layer cyclone and outer casing fully and can not be short-circuited from outer overflow lip 21 and turn back to secondary heating mechanism.Second hot feeder apparatus provides the temperature of insulation, for compensating scattering and disappearing of heat in gas recovery system.
See Fig. 3, if water content is excessive when raw coal is selected in, the hot blast that first heater 8 provides is not enough to raw coal fully dry, now, checkout gear 13 sends the cleaned coal moisture measurement value of discharge to control device 12, and control device 12 judges that water content exceedes predetermined value, then control two-position four-way valve 11 and forward the second place to, now internal layer overflow lip 22 is connected with outer entrance 20, and secondary heating mechanism 10 is directly connected with air dense medium fluidized bed separator.Two position three-way valve 23 enters the second place, be connected with secondary heating mechanism 10 by two position three-way valve 23 by outer overflow lip 21, at this moment the outer casing 15 of Double layer spiral flow device not only has the effect of insulation, also become a cyclone, waste gas to enter in outer casing rotational flow dust-removing again again at internal layer cyclone after dedusting, what now obtain at outer overflow lip place is purer gas, and this gas not easily blocks secondary heating mechanism by during secondary heating mechanism.Secondary heating mechanism also rises to heating-up temperature from holding temperature before, because secondary heating mechanism is less relative to first heater power, is easy to the signal of quick adjustment response controller.And secondary heating mechanism is easy to change and maintenance, dismounting is flexible.By contrast, first heater can be selected cheap, and the high-power firing equipment of adjustability difference, reduces the total price of equipment further on the whole.First heater can also select the heater to pipeline heating, and this kind of heater does not need directly to contact with air-flow, and reliability is high, although its efficiency of heating surface is on the low side, due to the existence of secondary heating mechanism, can overcome underheated problem.
Although carried out special description with reference to embodiment to the disclosed oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed method for separating related to; embodiment described above is illustrative and not restrictive; without departing from the present invention, all changes and amendment are all within protection scope of the present invention.