A kind of oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed method for separating
Technical field
The application relates to a kind of coal preparation method, is specifically related to the method for separating of a kind of use with the oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator of waste gas recovery structure.
Background technology
Traditional air dense medium fluidized bed separator feature is: air acts on dense media by cloth wind structure with certain flow rate, forms fluidized state, its character class quasi-fluid.By adjusting composition and the granularity of dense media, make fluid bed reach certain density: the layering voluntarily betwixt of the selected material of different densities, the material floating that density is less, the material sinking that density is larger, the marker method that material adopts drag conveyor to circulate in machine after sorting, upper strata row's coal, lower floor's discharge refuse.In production reality, owing to taking the measures such as water spray dust and weather reason in recovery process, former moisture content of coal is usually higher, can not meet the requirement of air dense medium fluidized bed dry coal preparation technique to feed coal moisture, vibration percolation bed drying theory has been proposed in prior art for this reason, in Fig. 1, provide and vibrated the operation principle of wearing fluidized bed drying: thermal current is from bottom to top through air distribution plate, carry out caloic exchange with the coal seam on air distribution plate, wet coal grain within charge door adds separator by heated-air drying, under the effect of vibration of vibrator, from feeding end along air distribution plate rapid moving to discharge end, finally discharge with dry coal, a large number of experiments show that, vibration percolation bed accessory has Quick uniform depth drying characteristic.
But vibration is worn fluidized bed drying and is existed in actual applications following deficiency:
The one, its power consumption is serious, original air dense medium fluidized bed is a kind of drycleaned coal method of low energy consumption, but has quoted after hot air fluidized bed, a large amount of electric energy or coals that added heat loss, processing to waste gas in prior art and reclaim still not deep research, therefore heat is with a large amount of loss of waste gas;
The 2nd, cannot change response fast to entering the humidity of coal separation, it is huge that air dense medium fluidized bed is processed the ability of raw coal every day, the raw coal water content of different batches is distinguished very large sometimes, existing hot air heating apparatus power is larger, adjust the response speed of getting up to heat up or lower the temperature fast not, therefore often occur that the raw coal of easy argillization blocks the situation of air distribution plate, traces it to its cause, there is no fast heating hot blast, coal drying capacity deficiency.And excessive heater is carried out to alternating temperature control meeting damage its original life, and powerful firing equipment price is high, therefore, existing separator maintenance cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed method for separating, solve aforesaid above-mentioned defect of the prior art.
A kind of oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed method for separating, at the inner fluidized-bed layer that forms of separator, by the vibration of the refuse rotor of separator or the rotation of chain scraper and exciting post, the coal that fluid bed upper strata is sorted out is pulled over to cleaned coal mouth (5), and the spoil of lower floor is scraped to spoil mouth by refuse rotor or chain scraper; Fluidized-bed layer is formed by air supply device, air supply device is hot blast air supply device, it adds first heater in basic wind or pulse wind system, first heater is used for the air heat of passing through, it is characterized in that, control the temperature of the hot blast of separator inside according to the water content of raw coal, waste gas reclaims mouth for the thermal current of dust-laden is discharged.
The separator that method for separating uses also has gas recovery system, and this gas recovery system comprises Double layer spiral flow device, secondary heating mechanism, two-position four-way valve, control device, secondary heating mechanism heats the air-flow of flowing through, checkout gear, checkout gear is monitored in real time to the water content of cleaned coal;
Described Double layer spiral flow device comprises internal layer cyclone, and internal layer cyclone is that top is the cyclone that cylinder, bottom are cone, is set in outer casing at internal layer cyclone, has the space for air current flow between internal layer cyclone and outer casing; The outer surface of outer casing is provided with heat-insulation layer; Internal layer cyclone is also provided with internal layer entrance, internal layer overflow lip, slag-drip opening; Outer casing has outer entrance, outer overflow lip, outer outlet;
In the time of gas recovery system the first state, the hot blast that first heater produces can be fully dry by raw coal, now waste gas reclaims a mouthful internal layer entrance for access Double layer spiral flow device, waste gas is after the dedusting of internal layer cyclone, air-flow returns to the air supply device of separator from internal layer overflow lip is discharged through two-position four-way valve, and grit is discharged from slag-drip opening, the secondary heating mechanism of gas recovery system provides the temperature of insulation and supplies thermal current to outer entrance, thermal current is discharged from skin outlet, return to the second heating system through two position three-way valve, two position three-way valve is positioned at primary importance;
In the time of gas recovery system the second state, checkout gear sends the cleaned coal moisture measurement value of discharge to control device, control device judges that water content exceedes predetermined value, control two-position four-way valve and forward the second place to, now internal layer overflow lip is connected with outer entrance, secondary heating mechanism is directly connected with air dense medium fluidized bed separator, two position three-way valve enters the second place, be connected with secondary heating mechanism by two position three-way valve by outer overflow lip, the rotational flow dust-removing that waste gas enters after dedusting at internal layer cyclone in outer casing again again obtains purer gas, secondary heating mechanism rises to heating-up temperature from holding temperature before, heating-up temperature is regulated by control device.
More preferably, secondary heating mechanism is curved coil pipe or multiaperture-type heater.
More preferably, internal layer entrance is set in outer entrance, and internal layer overflow lip is set in outer overflow lip; The bottom of outer casing has second row cinder notch.
Beneficial effect:
1) the oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator in the present invention has used gas recovery system, the high heat waste gas that oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator is discharged reclaims, by the conversion of two-position four-way valve, gas recovery system has dedusting and insulation, dedusting and heating various modes, thereby ensure the quality of the air-flow that returns to separator, reused to the full extent heat energy;
2) utilize two heaters, be that first heater and secondary heating mechanism come air feed to heat, for powerful first heater, reduce equipment requirement, for secondary heating mechanism, flexible and efficient, maintenance cost is low, no matter secondary heating mechanism is in the partial circulating of insulation or in gas recovery system main line, can bring into play its flexible and efficient effect;
3) used Double layer spiral flow device, Double layer spiral flow device is cyclone and heat insulation layer structure under the first state, under the second state, by the simple commutation of two position three-way valve, just become two cyclones of suit, now the surface of outer casing also has heat-insulation layer, is equivalent to two sections of cyclonic separation and has only lost the heat of a cyclone, and this further improves the thermal efficiency of native system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 vibrates the principle schematic of percolation bed in the application of air dense medium fluidized bed separator in prior art.
Fig. 2 is oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator exhaust-gas treatment the first view.
Fig. 3 is oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator exhaust-gas treatment the second view.
Fig. 4 is Double layer spiral flow device structure cutaway view.
In figure: 1, oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator; 2, exciting post; 3, spring; 4, waste gas reclaims mouth; 5, cleaned coal mouth; 6, air supply device; 7, spoil mouth; 8, first heater; 9, Double layer spiral flow device; 10, secondary heating mechanism; 11, two-position four-way valve; 12, control device; 13, checkout gear; 14, internal layer cyclone; 15, outer casing; 16, support column; 17, outer outlet; 18, slag-drip opening; 19, internal layer entrance; 20, outer entrance; 21, outer overflow lip; 22, internal layer overflow lip; 23, two position three-way valve.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed separator in the present embodiment is provided with exciting post 2, separator bottom is provided with spring 3 and stablizes fuselage, feeding mouth is positioned at the top of separator, the raw coal with certain water content is fed to separator, through sorting, the rotation of refuse rotor or chain scraper by separator inside, the floating thing coal that fluidized bed for separation upper strata is sorted out is pulled over to the discharging opening of floating thing, i.e. cleaned coal mouth 5; And spoil is scraped to spoil mouth 7 by refuse rotor or chain scraper.The air supply device 6 of air dense medium fluidized bed sorting is hot blast air supply device, in basic wind or pulse wind system, can add first heater 8, thus supply hot blast.First heater 8 is for by the air heat of passing through, and the heat time of described heater, power can be by electric controller control, and the hot blast of output is controlled.The power that is preferably first heater 8 is set heating power according to the minimum raw coal of water content in each batch of raw coal.Waste gas recovery mouth 4 is positioned at the top of separator, for the thermal current of dust-laden is discharged.
Air dense medium fluidized bed separator also has gas recovery system, and this gas recovery system comprises Double layer spiral flow device 9, secondary heating mechanism 10, two-position four-way valve 11, control device 12, checkout gear 13.Secondary heating mechanism 10 is curved coil pipe or porous plate, and gas can be combined more fully with firing equipment when through secondary heating mechanism 10, but the shortcoming of this class heater is easily by a grain obstruction.Checkout gear 13 is monitored in real time to the water content of cleaned coal.
Double layer spiral flow device 9 structures are specifically shown in Fig. 4, it comprises internal layer cyclone 14, internal layer cyclone 14 is that top is the cyclone that cylinder, bottom are cone, is provided with outer casing 15 outside internal layer cyclone 14, and between internal layer cyclone 14 and outer casing 15, has the space for air current flow; The outer surface of outer casing 15 is provided with heat-insulation layer; Internal layer cyclone 14 is also provided with internal layer entrance 19, internal layer overflow lip 22, slag-drip opening 18; Outer casing has outer entrance 20, outer overflow lip 21, outer outlet 17.Preferably, internal layer entrance 19 is set in outer entrance 20, and internal layer overflow lip is set in outer overflow lip.Preferably, the bottom of outer casing has second row cinder notch.
Two-position four-way valve 11 is rotary valves, its valve plate with a two-sided indent is as spool, rotary valve upwards has four ports week, and by being counterclockwise followed successively by first, second, third and fourth port, spool has two positions, in the time of primary importance, first and second port communicates, and third and fourth port communicates, and when the second place, first, fourth port communicates, and second and third port communicates.
Referring to Fig. 2, air dense medium fluidized bed is during to the processing of waste gas, separator will be turned back to after waste gas dedusting, therefore heat is fully reused, and general in the situation that, the hot blast that first heater 8 produces can be fully dry by raw coal, now waste gas reclaims a mouthful internal layer entrance 19 for 4 access Double layer spiral flow devices, waste gas is after the dedusting of internal layer cyclone, and air-flow returns to the air supply device 6 of separator from internal layer overflow lip 22 is discharged through two-position four-way valve 11, and grit is discharged from slag-drip opening.Gas recovery system also has secondary heating mechanism, and in the time of this state, secondary heating mechanism is to outer entrance for thermal current, and thermal current is discharged from skin outlet 17, returns to the second heating system 10 through two position three-way valve 23.Two position three-way valve 23 is positioned at primary importance, and because skin outlet 17 is positioned at the bottom of outer casing, thermal current can be full of fully the space between internal layer cyclone and outer casing and can not be short-circuited and turn back to secondary heating mechanism from outer overflow lip 21 like this.The second hot feeder apparatus provides the temperature of insulation, for compensating scattering and disappearing of gas recovery system heat.
Referring to Fig. 3, if water content is excessive when raw coal is selected, the hot blast that first heater 8 provides is not enough to raw coal fully dry, now, checkout gear 13 sends the cleaned coal moisture measurement value of discharge to control device 12, and control device 12 judges that water content exceedes predetermined value, controls two-position four-way valve 11 and forwards the second place to, now internal layer overflow lip 22 is connected with outer entrance 20, and secondary heating mechanism 10 is directly connected with air dense medium fluidized bed separator.Two position three-way valve 23 enters the second place, be connected with secondary heating mechanism 10 by two position three-way valve 23 by outer overflow lip 21, at this moment the outer casing 15 of Double layer spiral flow device not only has the effect of insulation, also become a cyclone, waste gas enters in outer casing rotational flow dust-removing again after dedusting again at internal layer cyclone, what now obtain at outer overflow lip place is purer gas, is difficult for stopping up secondary heating mechanism when this gas passes through secondary heating mechanism.Secondary heating mechanism also rises to heating-up temperature from holding temperature before, because secondary heating mechanism is less with respect to first heater power, is easy to the signal of quick adjustment response controller.And secondary heating mechanism be easy to change and maintenance, dismounting is flexible.By contrast, first heater can be selected cheap, and the high-power firing equipment that adjustability is poor further reduces the total price of equipment on the whole.First heater can also be selected the heater to pipeline heating, and this class heater does not need directly to contact with air-flow, and reliability is high, although its efficiency of heating surface is on the low side, due to the existence of secondary heating mechanism, can overcome underheated problem.
Although the disclosed oscillatory type air dense medium fluidized bed method for separating relating to has been carried out to special description with reference to embodiment; embodiment described above is illustrative and not restrictive; without departing from the present invention, all variations and amendment are all within protection scope of the present invention.