CN104012818A - 利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法 - Google Patents
利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104012818A CN104012818A CN201410207911.1A CN201410207911A CN104012818A CN 104012818 A CN104012818 A CN 104012818A CN 201410207911 A CN201410207911 A CN 201410207911A CN 104012818 A CN104012818 A CN 104012818A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chinese herbal
- edible mushroom
- heavy metal
- herbal medicine
- solvent extraction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008361 herbal raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- JPFCOVZKLAXXOE-XBNSMERZSA-N (3r)-2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2r,3r,4r)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromene-3,5,7-triol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=C(O)C=C1C1[C@H](O)CC(C(O)=CC(O)=C2[C@H]3C4=C(O)C=C(O)C=C4O[C@@H]([C@@H]3O)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=C2O1 JPFCOVZKLAXXOE-XBNSMERZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GJJVAFUKOBZPCB-ZGRPYONQSA-N (r)-3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyl-3,7,11-tridecatrienyl)-2h-1-benzopyran-6-ol Chemical class OC1=CC=C2OC(CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GJJVAFUKOBZPCB-ZGRPYONQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001991 Proanthocyanidin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011871 estrogen Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000262 estrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 saponin compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003802 tocotrienol Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011731 tocotrienol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940068778 tocotrienols Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019148 tocotrienols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003648 triterpenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical group OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 18
- 241001313708 Dictyophora phalloidea Species 0.000 description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000003181 Panax pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- YEFOAORQXAOVJQ-RZFZLAGVSA-N schisandrol a Chemical compound C1[C@H](C)[C@@](C)(O)CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2OC YEFOAORQXAOVJQ-RZFZLAGVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000208688 Eucommia Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000736075 Schisandra Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000008422 Schisandra chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZJSJQWDXAYNLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+) pinoresinol-4,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products COC1=CC(C2C3C(C(OC3)C=3C=C(OC)C(OC4C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O4)O)=CC=3)CO2)=CC=C1OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O ZJSJQWDXAYNLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJSJQWDXAYNLNS-FUPWJLLWSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[4-[(3s,3ar,6s,6ar)-6-[3-methoxy-4-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound COC1=CC([C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](OC3)C=3C=C(OC)C(O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)=CC=3)CO2)=CC=C1O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O ZJSJQWDXAYNLNS-FUPWJLLWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010027439 Metal poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N adrenaline Chemical compound CNCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000005882 cadmium poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OQUKIQWCVTZJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1 OQUKIQWCVTZJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930193195 schizandrin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- YEFOAORQXAOVJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N wuweizischun A Natural products C1C(C)C(C)(O)CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2OC YEFOAORQXAOVJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLTCWSBVQSZVLT-CDIPANDDSA-N (2s)-n-[(2s)-6-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]-1-[(4r,7s,10s,13s,16s,19r)-19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosan Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSSC1.C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N1)=O)N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTCWSBVQSZVLT-CDIPANDDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014561 Emphysema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFNDONGOJKNAES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ginsenoside Rb1 Natural products CC(=CCCC(C)(OC1OC(COC2OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O)C3CCC4(C)C3C(O)CC5C6(C)CCC(OC7OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C7OC8OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C8O)C(C)(C)C6CC(O)C45C)C UFNDONGOJKNAES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010018473 Glycosuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000008763 Mercury poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930189092 Notoginsenoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000003143 Panax notoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000180649 Panax notoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000005320 Posterior Pituitary Hormones Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010070873 Posterior Pituitary Hormones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010037714 Quadriplegia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YURJSTAIMNSZAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD89172 Natural products C1CC(C2(CC(C3C(C)(C)C(O)CCC3(C)C2CC2O)OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C)(C)C2C1C(C)(CCC=C(C)C)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O YURJSTAIMNSZAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009088 enzymatic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZYPWOGIYAIIPV-JBDTYSNRSA-N ginsenoside Rb1 Chemical compound C([C@H]1O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)O)O[C@@](C)(CCC=C(C)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@]([C@@]3(CC[C@H]4C(C)(C)[C@@H](O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]2O)C)(C)CC1)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GZYPWOGIYAIIPV-JBDTYSNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEWRVNOAJOINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ginsenoside Rb2 Natural products CC(=CCCC(OC1OC(COC2OCC(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O)C3CCC4(C)C3C(O)CC5C6(C)CCC(OC7OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C7OC8OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C8O)C(C)(C)C6CCC45C)C TXEWRVNOAJOINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YURJSTAIMNSZAE-HHNZYBFYSA-N ginsenoside Rg1 Chemical compound O([C@@](C)(CCC=C(C)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@]([C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@H]4C(C)(C)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]2O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C)(C)CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O YURJSTAIMNSZAE-HHNZYBFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBEHEBUBNAGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ginsenoside Rg1 Natural products CC(=CCCC(C)(OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O)C2CCC3(C)C2C(O)CC4C5(C)CCC(O)C(C)(C)C5CC(OC6OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C6O)C34C)C CBEHEBUBNAGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002607 hemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000008127 lead poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000022558 protein metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/23—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by extraction with solvents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法,是将食用菌或中草药粉碎后,加入石油醚、无水乙醇混合溶剂,再加入螯合剂,然后加热至20~70℃搅拌反应1~5小时,冷却后过滤,最后物料低温烘干,所述石油醚和无水乙醇的体积配比为1~99:1,混合溶剂使用量为原料质量的5~15倍,所述螯合剂为EDTA-2Na,添加量为原料质量0.1%~50%。本发明可以有效降食用菌及中草药中重金属铅、镉的含量,同时较好地保持了原料中的功效成分,具有操作简单、效率高等优点,可实现大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工和环境保护技术领域,涉及一种食用菌以及中草药中重金属的降低方法,特别是指采用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法。
背景技术
随着中药产业的发展,中药的安全性问题日益受到国内外的普遍关注。近些年来,中药重金属问题引起了国际上的高度重视。中药重金属含量超标不仅降低了中药质量、影响了用药的安全性,还制约了中药的出口,因此对中药中重金属进行控制已成为当前急需解决的重要问题之一。解决并控制好中药中重金属的含量,对于提高中药质量、保证用药安全,以及开拓中药的国际市场等均具有重要的意义。我国中药中的重金属污染,是造成中药质量下降的重要因素。中药材重金属污染来源:主要有两条途径,一是自然界大环境的污染,包括大气、水、土壤的地质背景等,动物通过食入植物类食物而污染;二主要来自于药材的炮制、贮藏和运输过程中外源性的重金属盐的引入。这些外源性重金属离子在中药提取过程中,可能随着提取、浓缩过程不断转移、富集,最终导致制剂中重金属超标。按照目前的国内外标准,通常监控的有害重金属元素主要包括铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、砷(As)等。其中《保健(功能)食品通用标准》对铅和砷的限量比“绿色标准”和《中国药典》更加严格,如铅≦0.5mg/kg,砷≦0.3mg/kg。因此中药材原料及加工过程重金属的控制和去除非常必要。
研究发现,食用菌通过生物转化作用富集重金属元素,其富集能力远高于一般植物,加上环境污染的加剧,食用菌中重金属污染越来越受到关注。食用菌中重金属的富集不仅影响食用菌的生长,而且对人体健康也会造成潜在危害。
铅、镉、砷、汞、铜等有害重金属元素易在人体内蓄积,其半衰期长,不易分解,达到一定数量,即可呈现毒性作用。现代研究表明,重金属对人体的新陈代谢和正常的生理作用具有明显的伤害作用,并抑制人体正常生理作用的发挥,当人体内重金属含量过量时会导致各种疾病的发生。不同的重金属元素作用于人体的不同系统或部位,其表现出来的中毒症状也不相同。例如,铅对神经系统、消化系统和造血系统等都有毒性作用,铅中毒可直接损伤人和动物的甲状腺功能;降低甲状腺摄取碘及血浆蛋白结合碘的能力;降低垂体激素的分泌及肾上腺素皮质的功能;还可损伤生殖细胞及降低性功能。汞中毒严重影响人的中枢神经系统,使听力减弱、语言失控、四肢麻痹甚至白痴。砷化物的毒性,主要是与人体细胞中酶系统的琉基相结合,致使酶功能发生障碍,影响细胞正常代谢。镉中毒的典型症状是肾功能受到破坏,肾小管对低分子蛋白再吸收功能发生障碍,糖、蛋白质代谢紊乱,引发尿蛋白症,糖尿症;镉进入呼吸道可引起肺炎、肺气肿;作用于消化系统则引起肠胃炎;镉中毒者常常伴有贫血,骨骼中有过量福积累会使骨骼软化、变形、骨折、萎缩;福中毒也会引起癌症。铜过量可使血红蛋白变性,损伤细胞膜,抑制一些酶的活性,从而影响机体的正常代谢,并且还会导致心血管系统疾病。
近年来,针对食用菌和中药材重金属降低方面的研究越来越多,例如大孔树脂吸附法、超临界CO2萃取法、壳聚糖吸附法、麦饭石吸附法、超滤技术等等[5-9],但受限于工艺条件不容易实现、有效出成分损失较大、重金属降低效果不好等等因素,不能大范围的应用;国外有部分学者对溶剂萃取进行了一定的研究,但是大多是为了降低废水中重金属,提取贵金属、稀有金属等等目的,未发现有应用在食品方面的,且所用的溶剂多为食品中不被允许添加的。
发明内容
本发明是为了降低食用菌以及中草药中重金属铅和镉的含量,解决现有重金属降低技术所存在的不足,提出一种能够提高产品品质、操作简单、可重复使用、且便于工业化生产的降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法。
本发明的技术方案步骤包括:将食用菌或中草药粉碎后,加入石油醚、无水乙醇混合溶剂,再加入螯合剂,然后加热至20~70℃搅拌反应1~5小时,冷却后过滤,最后物料低温烘干。
所述食用菌为以多糖、三萜等为主要活性成分的食用菌,所述中草药为以类胡萝卜素、生育酚及生育三烯酚、甾醇、类黄酮、花色苷、雌激素、原花色素、单宁、有机硫化合物或皂苷化合物等为主要活性成分的中草药。
所述混合溶剂中石油醚和无水乙醇的体积配比为:石油醚:无水乙醇=1~99:1。混合溶剂使用量为食用菌或中草药原料质量的5~15倍。
所述石油醚种类为沸程30~60℃、沸程60~90℃或沸程90~120℃三种。
所述螯合剂为EDTA-2Na,加入量为食用菌或中草药原料质量的0.1%~50%。
所述低温烘干温度为40~60℃。
本发明采用溶剂萃取的方法来降低食用菌或中草药中重金属,所用溶剂和螯合剂均为食品级助剂或是食品添加剂,处理后原料中残留量极低,且重金属降低效果较好,铅去除率达到27%以上,镉去除率达到29%以上,有效成分存留率达到90%以上。
具体实施方式
实施例1:取5000g竹荪原料,石油醚45L与无水乙醇5L混合作为混合溶剂,将混合溶剂与竹荪原料混合,在其中加入2000g EDTA-2Na,混合好的原料加热至55℃,搅拌反应3小时,反应完毕,冷却后过滤,40℃烘干竹荪原料。
利用原子吸收分光光度计测定竹荪中重金属铅和镉的含量,硫酸苯酚法测定竹荪中粗多糖含量,结果表明,此法对竹荪中铅的降低率为30.11%,对镉的降低率为38.29%,粗多糖存留率为98.38%。
实施例2:取5000g三七原料,石油醚52.5L与无水乙醇7.5L混合作为混合溶剂,将混合溶剂与三七原料混合,在其中加入1000g EDTA-2Na,混合好的原料加热至40℃,搅拌反应1小时,反应完毕,冷却后过滤,60℃烘干三七原料。
利用原子吸收分光光度计测定竹荪中重金属铅和镉的含量,高效液相色谱法测定三七中总皂苷(人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1)含量,结果表明,此法对三七中铅的降低率为40.28%,对镉的降低率为27.75%,三七总皂苷存留率为93.32%。
实施例3:取5000g香菇原料,石油醚32.0L与无水乙醇3.0L混合作为混合溶剂,将混合溶剂与香菇原料混合,在其中加入2500g EDTA-2Na,加热至60℃,搅拌反应5小时,反应完毕,冷却后过滤,45℃烘干香菇原料。
利用原子吸收分光光度计测定竹荪中重金属铅和镉的含量,硫酸苯酚法测定竹荪中粗多糖含量,结果表明,此法对香菇中铅的降低率为43.63%,对镉的降低率为32.87%,粗多糖存留率为95.65%。
实施例4:取5000g杜仲原料,石油醚54.55L与无水乙醇20.45L混合作为混合溶剂,将混合溶剂与杜仲原料混合,在其中加入1500g EDTA-2Na,加热至45℃,反应4小时,搅拌反应完毕,冷却后过滤,60℃烘干杜仲原料。
利用原子吸收分光光度计测定竹荪中重金属铅和镉的含量,高效液相色谱法测定松脂醇二葡萄糖苷含量,结果表明,此法对竹荪中铅的降低率为29.85%,对镉的降低率为42.53%,松脂醇二葡萄糖苷存留率为92.73%。
实施例5:取5000g五味子原料,石油醚22.0与无水乙醇3.0L混合作为混合溶剂,将混合溶剂与五味子原料混合,在其中加入1300g EDTA-Na,加热至50℃,反应2小时,搅拌反应完毕,冷却后过滤,50℃烘干五味子原料。
利用原子吸收分光光度计测定竹荪中重金属铅和镉的含量,高效液相色谱法测定五味子醇甲含量,结果表明,此法对竹荪中铅的降低率为47.11%,对镉的降低率为33.64%,五味子醇甲存留率为90.48%。
实施例6:取5000g桉叶原料,石油醚48L与无水乙醇6L混合作为混合溶剂,将混合溶剂与桉叶原料混合,在其中加入2500g EDTA-Na,加热至55℃,反应5小时,搅拌反应完毕,冷却后过滤,45℃烘干桉叶。
利用原子吸收分光光度计测定竹荪中重金属铅和镉的含量,分光光度法测定桉叶中多酚含量,结果表明,此法对竹荪中铅的降低率为35.96%,对镉的降低率为29.84%,桉叶多酚存留率为93.74%。
Claims (7)
1.一种利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法,其特征在于,将食用菌或中草药粉碎后,加入石油醚、无水乙醇混合溶剂,再加入螯合剂,然后加热至20~70℃搅拌反应1~5小时,冷却后过滤,最后物料低温烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法,其特征在于,所述食用菌为以多糖、三萜为主要活性成分的食用菌,所述中草药为以类胡萝卜素、生育酚及生育三烯酚、甾醇、类黄酮、花色苷、雌激素、原花色素、单宁、有机硫化合物或皂苷化合物为主要活性成分的中草药。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法,其特征在于,所述混合溶剂中石油醚和无水乙醇的体积配比为:石油醚:无水乙醇=1~99:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法,其特征在于,混合溶剂使用量为食用菌或中草药原料质量的5~15倍。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法,其特征在于,所述石油醚种类为沸程30~60℃、沸程60~90℃或沸程90~120℃三种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法,其特征在于,所述螯合剂为EDTA-2Na,加入量为食用菌或中草药原料质量的0.1%~50%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法,其特征在于,所述低温烘干温度为40~60℃。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410207911.1A CN104012818A (zh) | 2014-05-18 | 2014-05-18 | 利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410207911.1A CN104012818A (zh) | 2014-05-18 | 2014-05-18 | 利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104012818A true CN104012818A (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
Family
ID=51430048
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410207911.1A Pending CN104012818A (zh) | 2014-05-18 | 2014-05-18 | 利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN104012818A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109329898A (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 东台市济民生物科技有限公司 | 一种食用菌生物活性物质的提取方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101773819A (zh) * | 2010-03-04 | 2010-07-14 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种脱除海带汁中重金属砷残留的树脂制备工艺 |
CN102258758A (zh) * | 2011-06-07 | 2011-11-30 | 广州和博生物科技有限公司 | 一种高含量液体姜辣素及其制备方法 |
CN102304157A (zh) * | 2011-07-01 | 2012-01-04 | 北京大学 | 一种适于产业化的红景天苷化学合成方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-05-18 CN CN201410207911.1A patent/CN104012818A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101773819A (zh) * | 2010-03-04 | 2010-07-14 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种脱除海带汁中重金属砷残留的树脂制备工艺 |
CN102258758A (zh) * | 2011-06-07 | 2011-11-30 | 广州和博生物科技有限公司 | 一种高含量液体姜辣素及其制备方法 |
CN102304157A (zh) * | 2011-07-01 | 2012-01-04 | 北京大学 | 一种适于产业化的红景天苷化学合成方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109329898A (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 东台市济民生物科技有限公司 | 一种食用菌生物活性物质的提取方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Sreejith et al. | Phytochemical, anti-oxidant and anthelmintic activities of various leaf extracts of Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb | |
CN103463178B (zh) | 一种分步制备甘草抗氧化物、甘草酸、甘草多糖的方法 | |
Pal et al. | Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Alocasia indica tuber | |
CN103142682A (zh) | 一种从甘草渣中提取甘草黄酮的方法 | |
CN101301319A (zh) | 石榴花多酚的制备方法及其应用 | |
CN113262179A (zh) | 一种具有抗敏功效的植物提取物组合物及其制备方法和用途 | |
CN107788325A (zh) | 一种安全环保食品保鲜剂及其制备方法 | |
Mondal et al. | Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of bioactivities of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Marsdenia tenacissima leaves | |
Phongtongpasuk et al. | Extraction of antioxidants from Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth | |
Elsherif et al. | Evaluation of Some Chemical and Biochemical Constituents in Ocimum Basilicum Available in Msallata City-Libya | |
WO2019174369A1 (zh) | 茶粕作为水产动物和反刍动物添加剂的使用方法。 | |
Kanupriya et al. | Antioxidant potential and Phytochemical analysis of fruit extract of Cucurbita pepo | |
CN104012818A (zh) | 利用溶剂萃取降低食用菌及中草药中重金属的方法 | |
CN113018333A (zh) | 一种管花肉苁蓉的提取方法 | |
CN104473825A (zh) | 龙眼果核多酚提取纯化方法及其在制备多酚美白化妆品中的应用 | |
CN109315785A (zh) | 一种核桃青皮抗氧化添加剂及其制备方法 | |
Muthulingam et al. | Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extract of Rhizophora apiculata Blume | |
CN108552369A (zh) | 一种含金花茶叶活性物质的茶饮料制备方法 | |
CN102783656A (zh) | 文冠果黄酮在降脂减肥领域的应用及其制备方法 | |
CN101278892A (zh) | 一种功能性化妆品添加剂及其制备方法 | |
CN101869655A (zh) | 速效无疤痕烧伤烫伤膏 | |
CN105461766B (zh) | 一种从白柳皮中提取水杨苷的方法 | |
CN113603737B (zh) | 一种提取分离甘草苷和甘草酸的方法 | |
Ahmed et al. | Ethnomedicinal value, phytochemical composition and bioactivity of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub | |
CN102784088A (zh) | 一种文冠果皂甙提取方法及其在抗衰老行业的应用 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20140903 |