CN104011991B - 用于确定线性执行器的绝对位置的方法 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/746—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive and mechanical transmission of the braking action
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
- G01D5/2451—Incremental encoders
- G01D5/2452—Incremental encoders incorporating two or more tracks having an (n, n+1, ...) relationship
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/006—Controlling linear motors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D2205/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of means for transferring or converting the output of a sensing member
- G01D2205/20—Detecting rotary movement
- G01D2205/26—Details of encoders or position sensors specially adapted to detect rotation beyond a full turn of 360°, e.g. multi-rotation
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
描述了一种用于确定线性执行器的绝对位置的方法。在此,通过第一传感器确定线性执行器的相应电机的转子的转角位置。此外,确定第二传感器的、通过特殊的传动比与转子耦合的传感轮的转角位置。由所确定的转角位置的差值推导出线性执行器的绝对位置。该方法能够通过简单且成本低廉的方式来实施。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于确定线性执行器(线性致动器)的绝对位置的方法。
背景技术
在许多以电动机械方式操纵的系统、特别是制动系统中使用了线性执行器,该线性执行器除了原本的执行器元件之外还具有电机和至少一个连接在下游的传动装置用于驱动执行器元件。这种传动装置的一个例子是滚珠丝杠传动装置。
在这种系统运行时需要除了线性执行器的运行路段之外还识别出其绝对位置。在此,使用线性测量的执行器位置传感器可以确定线性执行器的位置。
另一种可能性在于,通过传感器确定线性执行器的相应电机的转子的角位置的变化并且从中计算出线性执行器的位置变化。如果使用电子换向电机、例如同步电机,则这种转子位置传感器对于电机的运行是必需的。基于所选择的传动比通常得出,对于经过整个执行器行程而言需要多次电机旋转。如果假定,以相同的分辨率和精度读入线性执行器位置和转子位置,则可以通过累加转子位置变化形成用于执行器位置的替代信号,该替代信号比执行器位置传感器的信号更精确并且分辨率高出多倍。
然而,为了(通过检测转子位置的变化)而使用执行器位置替代信号,必须把该替代信号与实际的执行器位置联系起来。在此已知,通过结构性的措施实现这一点,该措施确保执行器在系统启动时处于一个已知的位置上(锁定爪、弹簧)。另一个措施在于,规定执行器的参考(基准)运行方式(Referenzlauf)。然而,这两种方法都具有缺点。设置额外的结构性元件导致额外的成本并且扩大了可能的误差来源的范围,而且大多时候仅当也在其它方面需要相应的功能性时(例如用于驻车制动器的锁定爪)才是合理的。为了在系统启动时实施参考运行方式,必须满足一些边界条件。执行器必须是能够自由运动的,不允许从外部对系统产生影响,并且必须在每次系统启动时都有用于实施参考运行方式的时间。这导致在系统可使用性方面的限制并且必须可靠地排除对参考运行方式的外部影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提出一种用于确定线性执行器的绝对位置的方法,该方法能够通过特别简单且成本低廉的方式来实施。
该目的根据本发明通过一种用于确定线性执行器的绝对位置的方法来实现,该方法包括以下步骤:
通过第一传感器确定线性执行器的相应电机的转子的转角位置;
确定第二传感器的、通过特殊/特定的传动比与转子耦合的传感轮的转角位置;
和
由所确定的转角位置计算出差值并且由所确定的差值推导出线性执行器的绝对位置。
因此,根据本发明提出,为线性执行器配备第二旋转传感器,该传感器通过特别选择的传动比耦合,因此可以检测转子的转角位置和由转子旋转以传动比转换得出的转角位置。由所确定的转角计算出差值,由该差值可以推导出线性执行器的线性绝对位置。
因此由下面的关系式得出执行器的绝对位置:
执行器的绝对位置=所确定的转角差×理论总行程/360°
在此,“理论总行程”是指与系统的斜度相乘的检测范围。
由于转角差随着旋转的次数而变化,由此可以确定线性执行器的绝对位置。
第二传感器的传感轮与转子的耦合优选地通过形锁合的传动装置实现。为该传动装置优选地选择1:x的传动比,其中x表示与整数略微不同的值。在一个特别优选的实施方式中,使用1:2.1的传动比,其中在此例如使用具有42个齿的、第二传感器的传感轮和具有20个齿的、第一传感器的传感轮。
对于具有i=1:2.1的传动比的例子而言,可以通过使用下面的计算规则:
转角差X=转子的转角–2*第二传感器的转角
产生在大约10次的电机旋转内单调上升的信号,该信号能够借助于与传动装置传动比相乘并且通过线性偏移进行计算而直接用作位置信号。
一般来说,优选地在考虑到线性偏移量的情况下由转角差确定线性执行器的绝对位置。
在角偏移量方面如下对该方法更详细地进行说明:
在生产中或在系统的参考运行中,在已知的位置上测量并存储两个传感器的角偏移量。适宜地,已知的位置是最终位置。在系统接通之后,由角_1=atan(sin1/cos1)-角偏移量_1形成角1并且由角_2=atan(sin2/cos2)-角偏移量_2形成角2。在最终位置上,两个角=0。现在可以借助所述的等式进行进一步的评估。为了运行电机需要另一角偏移量,该另一角偏移量描述了来自atan(sin/cos)的转子角与永磁体位置之间的角度差。在此形成
角_电机=atan(sin1/cos1)-角偏移量_电机
并且其被用于调节电机。
在确定线性执行器的绝对位置之后有利的是,仅还将第一传感器用于获取线性执行器的线性位置,以便节省相应的计算投入。
在使用转子位置传感器(第一传感器)——该传感器相对于电机位置不是直接绝对的(例子:MR传感器和具有奇数的极部件数的同步电机)——时,可以借助执行器位置替代信号形成相对于电机的旋转绝对的转子位置替代信号。由该信号(并且由存储在储存器中的偏移量值)可以随后直接推断出对于电机换向所需的电机的角位置。通过这种方式可以在系统构造中使得电机极对数的选择和所使用的转子位置传感器(第一传感器)的选择彼此独立地进行。
根据本发明的方法能够通过简单且成本低廉的方式来实施。仅需要一个第二传感器。确保执行器在系统启动时位于已知的位置上的结构性的措施不是必需的。此外,不必在系统启动时进行参考运行。
附图说明
下面根据一个实施例结合附图详细说明本发明。图中示出:
图1示出转子传感器(第一传感器)和第二传感器的原始信号的图形;和
图2示出随着电机旋转的输出信号的图形。
具体实施方式
在这里所描述的实施例中,第一传感器(转子位置传感器)位于电机轴的中心处并且具有带20个齿的齿轮。在该第一传感器旁并行地布置有第二传感器,该第二传感器的传感轮具有42个齿并且与第一传感器的齿轮啮合。第二传感器因此以i=1:2.1的传动比与第一传感器耦合。
齿轮的相应的探测通过磁体实现。信号评估通过具有两个传感器/IC的电路板实施。
在另一个实施方式中,通过以两个磁性传感器(优选为MR传感器)测量形锁合地与齿轮相连的磁体发出的磁场的方向来确定齿轮的角位置。
在图1中示出转子传感器(第一传感器)和第二传感器的原始信号,其反映出所测量的旋转相对于电机旋转的曲线。通过计算规则:
转角差X=转子角-2*角_传感器2
可以产生在大约10次的电机旋转内单调上升的信号,该信号能够借助于与传动装置传动比相乘并且通过线性偏移量进行计算而直接用作位置信号。在图2中示出该信号。如所述地,必须在进行计算之前还减去两个传感器的偏移量,也就是说减去当线性执行器位于最终位置上时得出的角度值。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于确定线性执行器的绝对位置的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
通过第一传感器确定所述线性执行器的相应电机的转子的转角位置;
确定第二传感器的、通过特殊的传动比1:x与所述转子耦合的传感轮的转角位置,其中x表示与整数略微不同的值;以及
由所确定的转角位置计算出差值并且由所确定的差值推导出所述线性执行器的绝对位置,所述差值是在一定次数的电机旋转内单调上升的信号,由所述差值确定所述线性执行器的绝对位置,而在确定所述线性执行器的绝对位置之后仅还将第一传感器用于获取线性执行器的线性位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使用1:2.1的传动比。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,使用具有42个齿的、第二传感器的传感轮和具有20个齿的、第一传感器的传感轮。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在考虑到线性偏移量的情况下由转角差确定所述线性执行器的绝对位置。
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DE102011089820.4 | 2011-12-23 | ||
DE102011089820A DE102011089820A1 (de) | 2011-12-23 | 2011-12-23 | Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Absolutposition eines Linearaktuators |
PCT/EP2012/073880 WO2013092147A1 (de) | 2011-12-23 | 2012-11-28 | Verfahren zum ermitteln der absolutposition eines linearaktuators |
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US (1) | US20150316371A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2795788A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20140106593A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104011991B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102011089820A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013092147A1 (zh) |
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DE102013218304B4 (de) | 2013-09-12 | 2023-09-14 | Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH | Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Absolutposition eines Linearaktuators |
DE102013225273A1 (de) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Zählgetriebe mit Zahn- bzw. magnetischen Polrädern |
KR101687365B1 (ko) | 2014-10-29 | 2016-12-16 | 이명해 | 모션제어장치 |
DE102014016189A1 (de) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-05-04 | Audi Ag | Bestimmung einer Position eines beweglichen Elementes eines für ein Kraftfahrzeug bestimmten Linearaktuators |
US10137878B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2018-11-27 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for controlling a parking brake system |
WO2024129680A1 (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | Overair Inc. | Absolute position sensor using multiple rotary feedback sensors |
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2011
- 2011-12-23 DE DE102011089820A patent/DE102011089820A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2012
- 2012-11-28 US US14/367,316 patent/US20150316371A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-11-28 EP EP12805964.9A patent/EP2795788A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-28 CN CN201280064008.3A patent/CN104011991B/zh active Active
- 2012-11-28 WO PCT/EP2012/073880 patent/WO2013092147A1/de active Application Filing
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EP1026068A2 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-09 | Trw Lucas Varity Electric Steering Limited | Improvements relating to electric power assisted steering systems |
CN1756066A (zh) * | 2004-07-10 | 2006-04-05 | 卢克摩擦片和离合器两合公司 | 驱动ec电动机的方法 |
CN201910728U (zh) * | 2011-01-17 | 2011-07-27 | 杨衍圣 | 电动汽车用开关磁阻电机绝对位置传感器 |
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KR20140106593A (ko) | 2014-09-03 |
US20150316371A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
DE102011089820A1 (de) | 2013-06-27 |
WO2013092147A1 (de) | 2013-06-27 |
CN104011991A (zh) | 2014-08-27 |
EP2795788A1 (de) | 2014-10-29 |
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