CN104009675A - Intelligent large-torque starting method of wound-type motor - Google Patents
Intelligent large-torque starting method of wound-type motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104009675A CN104009675A CN201410242856.XA CN201410242856A CN104009675A CN 104009675 A CN104009675 A CN 104009675A CN 201410242856 A CN201410242856 A CN 201410242856A CN 104009675 A CN104009675 A CN 104009675A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent large-torque starting method of a wound-type motor. According to the method, multiple stages of loop resistance systems are connected in series on a rotor of the wound-type motor , and the rotating speed of the motor is controlled according to the number of accessed loop resistors; a speed test device is arranged on the rotor of the wound-type motor and conducts real-time measurement on the rotating speed of the motor; the speed test device and the multiple stages of loop resistance systems are connected with a single-chip microcomputer system respectively, and the single-chip microcomputer system controls the number of the accessed loop resistors after processing the real-time rotating speed information of the motor. The intelligent large-torque starting method of the wound-type motor has the advantages that the resistance accessing to the motor system is controlled intelligently in the starting process through speed measurement of the single-chip microcomputer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coiling type asynchronous motor rotor series resistance starting technical field, relate to the starting method of the large torque intelligence of a kind of winding motor.
Background technology
The starting of motor be motor enter operating state prerequisite and must be through process.The starting of motor divides from current techniques, is roughly divided into following several start mode:
1. direct-on-line starting: comprise direct-on-line starting and transformer-motor unit, 2. reduced voltage starting: comprise self-coupling voltage reducing, resistance step-down, phased step-down, 3. benefit soft start falls, 4. varying frequency starting, 5. mechanical start mode: the little freewheel clutch greatly that drags, 6. wire-wound asynchronous motor rotor-resistance starting, 7. wire-wound asynchronous motor rotor string frequency sensitive trheostat starting, 8. by the start mode of power electronic element control wire-wound asynchronous motor rotor current, etc.In all start modes, all there are to some extent following one or more unfavorable factors: 1. 6. greatly 7. load machinery to be impacted to noise large etc. for the large 2. little 3. power factor of starting torque of the starting current harmonic pollution that low 4. the motor feels hot, 5. temperature rise brings because of electronic component work soon simultaneously.Therefore, the current starting method of taking is to select different start modes for different loads, is difficult to balance and adopts a kind of starting method for any load.Such as: constant torque load, load of the pumps, fan-type load, crane load etc.; These specific loads can be described with corresponding mathematic(al) representation, and therefore these specific loads also have specific limitation, there is no generality, between start-up program and certain loads, are one-to-one relationships.No matter but any load all must ensure that in the starting process of motor, starting torque is greater than load torque, unit just can start; Otherwise unit is impossible normal starting.
Consider from load-side: if we run into the load torque of variation, and maximum load torque appears in motor starting process, such as: ball mill load, above starting method is all difficult to reply, helplessly, people often take to increase capacity motor or take some mechanical assistance means, what even have first draws out the ball in ball mill, after starting is normal, pack into one by one again, a large amount of waste of energy are caused, also wasted a large amount of manpower and materials, given user maintenance, shut down and bring very big inconvenience, applying unit not to have special circumstances to shut down; Also proposed certain requirement to power plant simultaneously, for midget plant, the user that transformer capacity is relatively little, it is more difficult that the starting of similar ball mill load just becomes.Consider from start mode, such as the varying frequency starting having a clear superiority in aspect starting, although also can improve starting torque, maximum output torque maximum also can only reach 1.8 times of motor nominal torque.There is for another example the water resistance starting of fine starting performance, comprise that rotor series resistor is changed the mode of resistance value by rotor centrifugal force, all can not ensure that motor breakdown torque appears at when needing most; If starting torque can not be greater than load torque, motor speed does not rise, and likely makes motor speed rest on a certain rotating speed, reaches the balance of starting torque and load torque, causes not reach rated speed and can not normal starting; Moreover water resistance or liquid resistance itself is because the rising of temperature causes resistance value significantly to change, and repeatedly re-lighting, has also limited the use of water resistance.
Therefore no matter be, to consider from load-side, or consider from start mode.Current start mode all can not meet simultaneously: the starting process index such as starting current is little, starting torque is large, there is no harmonic pollution in starting process in high, the starting process of power factor, starting process motor power conversion ratio is high, motor is can temperature rise not too fast.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the starting method of the large torque intelligence of a kind of winding motor, solve existing electric motor starting and get rid of the problem that resistance mode can not change with external load.
The present invention is under the prerequisite of starting method of winding motor rotor employing series multistage resistance, make the resistance of series resistance step by step corresponding with motor speed value intelligence, control the method that maximum torque point occurs continuously, by motor starting process is tested the speed continuously, through intelligent decision, determine corresponding with it resistance value, and send instruction, control series resistance, and make corresponding resistance value seal in rotor, like this in the whole starting process of motor, the progression that rotor seals in is more, from the artificial characteristic curve of the rotor-resistance starting of coiling electric motor, the number of times that the maximum torque value of motor occurs will be more, the whole starting process of motor all can provide the value that approaches breakdown torque so, the average of torque that can provide is also just larger, guarantee that the acceleration in motor starting process is greater than zero all the time, and various advantage indexs more than having reached dexterously, be that starting current is little, starting torque is large, in starting process, power factor is high, there is no harmonic pollution, motor power conversion ratio is high, it is too fast that motor can temperature rise, the starting process indexs such as cranking noise is low are optimized comprehensively.It is the starting method of the large torque intelligence of a kind of coiling electric motor.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is series multistage loop resistance system on the rotor of winding motor, by the quantity control motor speed of access loop resistance;
On the rotor of winding motor, speed measuring device is installed, motor real-time rotate speed is measured;
Speed measuring device is connected respectively Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system with multistage loop resistance system, and Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is processed the quantity of rear control access loop resistance to the real-time rotate speed information of motor.
Further, every one-level of described multistage loop resistance is made up of several resistance, is connected with resistance short circuit contactor between resistance, and the closure of each resistance short circuit contactor is all subject to Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system control.
Further, the progression of described multistage loop resistance is 3～30.
Further, the process that described Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is processed the quantity of rear control access loop resistance to the enforcement rotary speed information of motor is: before resistance short circuit contactor closure, check whether every one-level resistance short circuit contactor disconnects, in the time of whole disconnection, press start button starter motor, speed measuring device tests the speed, and starts end if speed is predetermined value, otherwise to Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system processing, single-chip microcomputer basis now motor speed judges series loop resistance quantity on required rotor by velocity information.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows by single-chip microcomputer and test the speed, in Based Intelligent Control start-up course, access the resistance sizes of electric system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is mechanical characteristics of motor schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is started performance of motor schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is motor main circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is motor control loop schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is intelligent motor control flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is Single-chip Controlling logic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is single-chip microcomputer main body circuit diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Utilize the mechanical characteristics of motor of coiling type asynchronous motor rotor series resistance starting speed governing, mechanical characteristics of motor figure as shown in Figure 1, in figure, curve 1 is the inherent characteristic of motor, the direct short circuit of rotor winding while starting, mechanical property when not external any resistance or outer meeting resistance equal zero; Curve 2 is motor artificial mechanism characteristics, after the rotor loop of wire wound asynchronous motor seals in the resistance of certain numerical value through the mechanical property of manual intervention, be also artificial mechanism characteristic, be called for short artificial characteristic.As can be seen from Figure 1, no matter be inherent characteristic or artificial characteristic, the maximum torque value Tmax of motor is constant, and the corresponding motor speed value while just there is Tmax is different.Electrical Motor principle is known, seals in resistance value larger, and rotating speed corresponding when Tmax occurs will be lower, on the contrary, less in the resistance value of rotor serial connection, rotating speed corresponding when Tmax occurs will be higher, in the time that resistance value equals zero, characteristic curve is now exactly the intrinsic mechanical characteristic of motor, in the past, people utilize such mechanical characteristic, by artificial setting-up time method, timing for cutting is except the resistance of rotor serial connection, to change resistance and to make it to reduce step by step, the resistance of rotor serial connection is excised gradually by setting the starting time, to reach the object of getting rid of resistance by setting-up time, while finally approaching the intrinsic mechanical characteristic of motor, making series impedance is zero, the classification of resistance is generally divided into 3, 5, 7 grades, according to the concrete condition designing and calculating of motor load, but bring a problem simultaneously, this mode of getting rid of resistance is not considered the variation of load, no matter how i.e. load changes, resistance all excises by setting-up time, so just occur sometimes loading little, resistance starting lags behind and causes the whole starting time elongated, sometimes load is large, and motor speed can not mate very soon with resistance value, i.e. the variation of resistance value lags behind, and can make the rough sledding such as transient starting electric current becomes greatly, power factor is low, the motor feels hot, noise occur.No matter although how load torque changes, as long as proof load torque is less than starting torque, guarantee motor driving torque is greater than load torque, motor just can be with certain acceleration starting, motor also can start.But this start mode, does not just turn round and look at the index optimizations such as picture starting current, power factor, load shock, or even sacrifices these indexs, just can start as object.
For guaranteeing motor normal starting, in whole starting process, must guarantee that the driving torque moment perseverance of motor is greater than load resistive torque.Guarantee that this condition is permanent and set up, and be engraved in variation when the load resistive torque that we face, and present irregular variation, load resistive torque is not any functional relation in time, is random case completely; Motor driving torque Tq > Tf electric motor load torque,, in motor starting process, motor driving torque moment perseverance is greater than load torque.Meet above-mentioned condition, in the time running into large-torque load, it is obviously inadequate that motor only has 3,5,7 groups of resistance in starting process.As Fig. 2 shows: in figure, dash area is just just long in X direction, the longer deterioration that just means various indexs of X direction, even occur that in certain interval driving torque is less than load torque, in addition resistance excision is irrelevant with motor speed, do not change along with the increase at motor speed, just make adjacent two additional resistances change between speed relatively uncertain, sometimes the time between two speed will obviously lengthen, once the excision resistance time is relatively elongated, electric motor starting curve can be along the artificial characteristic curve raising speed gradually of corresponding resistance; But more raising speed will make driving torque decline to a great extent, if now there is large load torque, make Tq < Tf, will cause motor speed to be stuck in Tq=Tf, can only wait the excision of next group resistance, once the excision of next group resistance by the time, excision moment can be caused again the fluctuation that motor primary current is large, the terminal voltage of power factor on motor, starting torque, motor just has impact, and this jiggly fluctuation also can cause that the motor feels hot and noise, affects electrical machinery life.Best bet is exactly to keep Tq > Tf according to the load variations situation moment, the intelligent regulating resistance mute time, remain on some speed points of motor speed rising, and allow to provide the respective resistivity values of breakdown torque corresponding with it; Can find out from Fig. 1, Fig. 2, in the artificial characteristic of motor, the maximum torque point on each artificial characteristic curve, must be that the resistance value three that breakdown torque appearance point, rotating speed (or revolutional slip), rotor seal in is one-to-one relationship; Increase the progression of excision resistance, make in figure dash area in X direction still less, less by near the envelope fluctuating range forming artificial curve breakdown torque corresponding to multiple resistance, more smooth-out, so not only can ensure Tq > Tf, and can ensure Tq > 1.3Tf, make electric motor starting become more smooth and easy steady.10 grades are obviously better than 7 grades above, and 30 grades can lose because cost is too high again cost performance above, and therefore, between 3-30 level, no matter most of is in starting torque near 15 grades, or in product cost, is all good selection.By the rotating speed (or rotor frequency) in a certain moment of Real-Time Monitoring motor in starting process, to the tachogenerator that tested the speed of motor, various traditional speed-measuring methods such as code-disc test the speed, according to the real-time rotate speed of motor, determined the resistance value that maximum starting torque can be provided under this rotating speed by microcomputer software, and choose the resistance of this value by the method for Based Intelligent Control, be concatenated in rotor loop, large to reach electric motor starting torque, starting current is little, when starting, power factor is high, it is few that the motor feels hot, temperature rise is slow, raising speed is steadily quick, alleviate the noise of motor, electrical machinery life is effectively extended, electrical network is had without any the object of polluting.
Implementation of the present invention just adopts following steps:
As shown in Figure 3, as shown in Figure 4, in figure, CJ is motor stator circuit contactor to the control drawing of motor to motor main circuit, CJ
1～CJ
nfor rotor loop resistance short circuit contactor, n is general preferred between 3～30; As CJ in circuit
1～CJ
nwhen disconnection, motor is in preparation starting state, now operation circuit intermediate relay ZJ closure, and by start button QA, RJ is protection thermal relay, CJ when closure electric motor starting; N decile between the corresponding motor rated speed and 0 of n level resistance, and calculate the resistance value corresponding to each rotating speed by breakdown torque formula, as shown in Figure 6, corresponded to the progression of excision resistance by microcomputer software, and by microcomputer output switch amount control address 001-00n, and then control CJ
1～CJ
nin the time that resistance all seals in rotor loop, motor speed is zero, during to first order rotating speed, excise one-level resistance, during to second level rotating speed, excise secondary resistance, by that analogy, while approaching nominal torque to motor speed, CJn closure, the mechanical characteristic of starting is got back on inherent characteristic curve, has started and has closed.
Intelligent control part is core, its controlling party block diagram is as shown in Figure 5: intelligent control part adopts 220V power supply, before electric motor starting, first system is carried out to initializing set, and initialization content comprises: motor is in treats that starting state CJ disconnects, rotor series resistor all accesses, CJ
1～CJ
nall disconnect, intelligent control system self-inspection is normal; When starting order is assigned, first CJ closure, intelligent control system is received initiating signal, rotor is tested the speed, and simultaneously because additional resistance is all concatenated in rotor in advance, motor is by the starting of breakdown torque pattern, now Tq > Tf, motor raising speed, in the time that velocity-measuring system detects that motor speed has reached the rotating speed that torque maximum value that second group of additional resistance is corresponding occurs, sends instruction CJ
lclosure, now Tmax occurs again, by that analogy, until CJ
nclosure, electric motor starting curve is got back to inherent characteristic curve, and after raising speed, reaches Tq=Tf, and motor stabilizing is operated on the stable operating point of motor, and end starts to work.Multistage owing to having adopted (generally in 3-30 level) resistance, has just equaled 3-30 starting torque maximum and has occurred.Add the peaked near zone of starting torque, all can ensure Tq > 1.3Tf, motor is normally smooth start all, owing to having adopted the start mode of multi-stage rotor crosstalk resistance, effectively limit starting current, reduce starting current midget plant's power supply is had to Special Significance, improve motor torque, the breakdown torque of motor is repeatedly adopted, take full advantage of multistage excision, each additional electrical resistance is changed all very little, starting current changes also very little, starting torque is all the time in a very large position, little to load-side mechanical shock, significant to protection load-side machinery, power factor is high, and owing to having adopted intellectuality to get rid of resistance mode, the moment all can make motor speed in artificial characteristic extraordinary position, and power factor is high, and utilization of power is abundant, and utilance is high.Energy conversion efficiency (electric energy conversion is mechanical energy) height, meanwhile, because reactive power consumption is few, electric motor starting electric current is little, and electric machine temperature rise speed is obviously slack-off, and motor noise is low, and electrical machinery life is effectively extended; Owing to not having the element such as inductance, electric capacity and semiconductor, thyristor to participate in whole starting process, thus on power grid quality without any impact, especially there is no the electric network pollution such as harmonic wave, high order harmonic component factor, to safeguarding that power grid quality has very positive meaning.
In figure, n represents the progression of rotor series resistor, and the number of progression is that the value of n requires to determine according to the start-up parameters of actuating motor.
Fig. 7 is a kind of single-chip microcomputer main body circuit diagram wherein, and wherein speed measuring device connects single-chip microcomputer by analog-to-digital conversion module A/D, and Single-chip Controlling output connects D/A module, and output control information number, controls the resistance short circuit contactor that seals in rotor.
In sum, the present invention adopts the large torque starting method of coiling electric motor to avoid various defects and the deficiency in starting process that other start modes bring completely, is that a kind of perfectly starting method and equipment complex cost performance are high.
The present invention brings the key technology point of beneficial effect:
1, the method that adopts coiling motor rotor string multilevel resistance to get rid of step by step resistance, is generally greater than 7 grades with resistance progression, between 3～30 grades, also can expand larger interval to, in theory can be 3～infinitely many.
2,, for the heavy load torque in motor starting process and the torque of variation, by the definite resistance value that seals in rotor of method of intelligent-tracking rotating speed, and effectively control.
3, n level resistance value respectively with motor rated speed n decile, and corresponding one by one, reach accurate control, the object of smooth start.
4, the resistance value after classification is calculated, the motor stator starting current value while appearance by maximum torque value, and conversion is carried out resistance capacity verification to rotor current value.
Employing rotor tests the speed, and microcomputer carries out the intelligent pattern of the processing of rotating speed Continuous Tracking, control, controls whole starting process, and false command is fed back in time and processed, shows.
The present invention is directed to the varying duty of coiling electric motor in starting process, traditional start mode always has such or such shortcomings and deficiencies; In the selection of start mode, be to adopt to avoid unfavorable factor or desalination unfavorable factor, can start as object taking motor; Various parameter optimizations in motor starting process are considered less, and therefore, the present invention seeks a kind of method, and it is met simultaneously: in motor starting process torque large, be enough to tackle the load of various variations; Starting current is little, can meet small business's electrical network requirement and electric machine temperature rise slow; Little to load shock power, starting steadily; Power factor is high; Do not pollute electrical network; Motor noise is little; The starting method of the comprehensive advantages such as electrical machinery life is long.The present invention makes motor in starting process, as long as load breakdown torque is less than motor breakdown torque, can make motor start smoothly, and repeatedly re-lighting, makes that starting current is relatively little, starting torque is maximum, there is no harmonic pollution in starting process in higher, the starting process of power factor, starting process motor power conversion ratio is very high, motor is can temperature rise not too fast etc., and starting process index is significantly optimized.
The present invention compared with prior art, meets following advantage simultaneously: in motor starting process torque large, be enough to tackle the load of various variations; Starting current is little, can meet small business's electrical network requirement and electric machine temperature rise slow; Little to load shock power, starting steadily; Power factor is high; Do not pollute electrical network; Motor noise is little; The starting method of the comprehensive advantages such as electrical machinery life is long is that a kind of perfectly starting method and equipment complex cost performance are high.
The above is only to preferred embodiments of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, any simple modification that every foundation technical spirit of the present invention is done above execution mode, equivalent variations and modification, all belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the large torque intelligence of a winding motor starting method, is characterized in that:
Series multistage loop resistance system on the rotor of winding motor, by the quantity control motor speed of access loop resistance;
On the rotor of winding motor, speed measuring device is installed, motor real-time rotate speed is measured;
Speed measuring device is connected respectively Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system with multistage loop resistance system, and Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is processed the quantity of rear control access loop resistance to the enforcement rotary speed information of motor.
2. according to the starting method of the large torque intelligence of a kind of winding motor described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: every one-level of described multistage loop resistance is made up of several resistance, between resistance, be connected with resistance short circuit contactor, the closure of each resistance short circuit contactor is all subject to Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system control.
3. according to the starting method of the large torque intelligence of a kind of winding motor described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the progression of described multistage loop resistance is 3～30.
4. according to the starting method of the large torque intelligence of a kind of winding motor described in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the process that described Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is processed the quantity of rear control access loop resistance to the enforcement rotary speed information of motor is: before resistance short circuit contactor closure, check whether every one-level resistance short circuit contactor disconnects, in the time of whole disconnection, press start button starter motor, speed measuring device tests the speed, if being predetermined value, speed starts end, otherwise by velocity information to Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system processing, single-chip microcomputer basis now motor speed judges series loop resistance quantity on required rotor.
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| CN201410242856.XA CN104009675A (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2014-06-03 | Intelligent large-torque starting method of wound-type motor |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105429557A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-23 | 北京赛思亿电气科技有限公司 | Brushless double-feed motor-based variable frequency speed regulation system |
| CN106655899A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-05-10 | 河北华北柴油机有限责任公司 | Starter motor current limiting starter and control method thereof |
| CN108153289A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-12 | 宁波精成车业有限公司 | Driver performs the test method and circuit of mechanical action lag time difference |
| CN111987936A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-24 | 上海共久电气有限公司 | Method for realizing intelligent control of wound asynchronous motor rotor series resistance |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105429557A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-23 | 北京赛思亿电气科技有限公司 | Brushless double-feed motor-based variable frequency speed regulation system |
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| CN111987936B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2024-02-09 | 上海共久电气有限公司 | Method for realizing intelligent control of rotor string resistance of wound asynchronous motor |
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Application publication date: 20140827 |
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