CN101348215B - Velocity modulation fuel saving diesel-electric set electric supply tyre type gantry container crane - Google Patents

Velocity modulation fuel saving diesel-electric set electric supply tyre type gantry container crane Download PDF

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CN101348215B
CN101348215B CN2008102226651A CN200810222665A CN101348215B CN 101348215 B CN101348215 B CN 101348215B CN 2008102226651 A CN2008102226651 A CN 2008102226651A CN 200810222665 A CN200810222665 A CN 200810222665A CN 101348215 B CN101348215 B CN 101348215B
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speed
diesel
super capacitor
power
energy
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CN101348215A (en
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谷盛
王永钢
王心愈
梁克
李方军
杨林昌
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BEIJING YUNDA WEIYE SCIENCE TRADE Co Ltd
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BEIJING YUNDA WEIYE SCIENCE TRADE Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a tire-type gantry container crane with power supplied by a speed-control fuel-saving diesel generating set, which is characterized in that the crane comprises an electrical system; a three-phase AC power source generated by the diesel generating set capable of operating at variable speed, together with a speed control device thereof, is converted into a DC power source via a power electronic reversible rectifying device used for controlling the generated electricity quantity of the diesel generating set, and then direct current is directly supplied to frequency converters driving mechanisms to operate; the DC power source is converted into an AC power source with adjustable frequency so as to be used for driving a hoisting mechanism, a cart mechanism and a trolley mechanism; a super capacitor set is connected with a DC side bus in parallel; the total capacitance of the super capacitor set is below 10 farad; and a central control link is formed by an intelligent industrial control system and is used for detecting the current and voltage states on the DC bus so as to calculate the power situation of the DC bus, and then the power situation is used as the speed control basis of the diesel generating set so as to control the rotating speed and torque of a generator. The container crane has the advantages of low cost, energy conservation and environmental protection.

Description

The velocity modulation fuel saving diesel-electric set electric supply tyre type gantry container hoisting crane
Technical field
The present invention relates to tire type gantry container crane, particularly a kind of variable-speed operation diesel powerplant that adopts is realized power supply and super capacitor realization energy snubber and partially recycled energy-conserving and environment-protective novel tire formula gantry container crane.
Background technology
Be widely used in various fields such as harbour, boats and ships, communication as Alternating Current Power Supply diesel powerplant commonly used, standby and that emergency power generation is used.In actual applications, diesel powerplant is the working power as mobile device greatly, in order to drag renewable generating class load (as using rubber-tyred door type container hoisting crane very widely at field, harbour container wharf).In these mobile devices, its huge diesel powerplant is the oil consumption height not only, and noise is big, black smoke is many.Particularly in recent years, be becoming tight power supply day in the global range, energy prices are sharply soaring, and environmental demands improves day by day, and this " drinking oil suddenly " " over-emitting black exhaust " phenomenon has directly restricted the healthy sustainable development that influences China and even global transportation industry.
Conventional rubber-tyred door type container hoisting crane generally adopts 300KW~600KW master's diesel-electric set electric supply, as long as in running order, and landing freight container no matter whether, generator set all is in running state.Statistical result showed field bridge operation in average every month 400 hours, nearly 200 hours of no-load run, no-load ratio even under non-idle condition, also only need to provide rating horsepower up to more than 50% in the process of hoisting.
In addition, rubber-tyred door type container hoisting crane also faces the too big problem of generating capacity in development, this mainly is because selected diesel motor must satisfy a large amount of energy requirements that promote moment, this makes that its type selecting is more and more difficult, power consumption and discharging when also further having increased little load operation.Energy unnecessary when transferring is discharged into braking resistor, also makes the thermal pollution of complete machine further increase the weight of.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, task of the present invention provides a kind of new variable-speed operation diesel powerplant that utilizes and realizes power supply and super capacitor realization energy snubber and partially recycled energy-conserving and environment-protective novel tire formula gantry container crane, diesel engine speed and utilize the super capacitor group to realize buffering and part energy storage when reducing underload is effectively realized energy-conservation and is reduced the purpose of discharging.
For achieving the above object, a kind of tire type gantry container crane provided by the present invention, this tire type gantry container crane adopt the variable-speed operation diesel powerplant to realize power supply, comprising: lifting mechanism, trolley body and big mechanism of car; It is characterized in that, described tire type gantry container crane can be regulated the running velocity of diesel powerplant according to the variation of load, to realize energy-saving run, also comprise: electric system, this electric system comprises: diesel engine, synchronous electric generator, the reversible rectifying device of power electronics, super capacitor group, frequency converter, Central Processing Unit (CPU), diesel engine speed regulator and excitation regulator, and the AC energy that needs in the equipment operation is realized by electronic power inversion equipment; The three-phase alternating-current supply that is sent by the diesel powerplant and the speed control device thereof of adjustable speed operation is converted to direct supply through the reversible rectifying device of power electronics that is used for the control of diesel powerplant electric energy generated, directly supply with the frequency converter that drags each mechanism's operation by DC supply, direct supply is converted to the source of AC of frequency adjustable, is used to drive lifting mechanism, big mechanism of car and trolley body;
Described super capacitor group is connected in parallel on the DC side bus, hybrid power is provided when being used for realizing the buffering energy of diesel engine speed-raising and being used for advancing the speed in the dc bus power short time above threshold value when load increases, this super capacitor group is monomer series-connected the forming of super capacitor below the 125V by many voltage classs, the capacitance of described super capacitor monomer is below 200 farads, and the total capacitance of the super capacitor group that is made of it can satisfy the operating mode demand below 10 farads; Be subject to the manufacture craft of super capacitor; the super capacitor group of now using is generally formed as the super capacitor of 48V is monomer series-connected by many voltage classs; the capacitance of its super capacitor monomer is 80 farads; if will transfer the energy of process is all absorbed by the super capacitor group; set put the distance be 13 meters; when transferring 40 tons of casees; do not consider degradation of energy; then its to transfer potential energy be 5096000J; the capacitor bank operating voltage is between inverter protection low voltage and high potential; be not that generality is made as 600V~800V, then needed capacitance is 36.4F.For the operating voltage that satisfies the demands, need be with monomer series-connected in parallel again realization of electric capacity, need then that monomer series-connected this makes that each tank capacitance amount is 4.71F to satisfy voltage requirements with 17 electric capacity, desire all to absorb and transfer 136 electric capacity monomers of energy demand and could realize.
In the solution of the present invention, adopt one group of 17 capacitances in series, the 4.71F capacitance can be provided, its energy stored is 659400J, if ascending velocity is 20m/min, then can provide its rising 1.69m to amount to the energy snubber time of 5.13s, this time is much larger than the time constant of diesel engine unit, thereby significantly cutting down cost satisfies system simultaneously and normally moves demand.If electric capacity monomer price is 5000 yuan, then only this item is saved cost about 600,000.
Described Central Processing Unit (CPU) is made of the intelligent industrial control system, this system and diesel engine, synchronous electric generator, the reversible rectifying device of power electronics connects, be used to detect the current/voltage situation on the dc bus and then calculate its power condition in real time, and based on this as rotating speed and the torque of diesel powerplant speed governing according to the control electrical generator, being provided with of this rotating speed and torque will be dependent on the diesel powerplant torque curve, realize that by rotational speed setup diesel powerplant moves under different rotating speeds, torque control makes diesel powerplant run within the torque range of this rotating speed permission, makes it work in most economical operating mode; Simultaneously, this Central Processing Unit (CPU) will calculate needed field voltage according to operating condition and realize that excitation is given.Described Central Processing Unit (CPU) is used programmable logic controller (PLC) and is realized controllable function.
Generally can measure the DC bus-bar voltage electric current, and then in this controlling unit, calculate bus power by current/voltage current measure device such as Hall original paper, with this bus power as regulating the diesel engine speed foundation.Rotary speed of diesel engine is given, and to pass through 1939 bus interface given, in order to be implemented in the coupling of torque under the different engine speeds, but can be by the torque control of Central Processing Unit (CPU) given power electronics inverted rectifier ac-side current and then realization driving engine, make the available torque of driving engine all the time greater than the torque value of rectifier, diesel engine unit is unlikely to owing to torque causes stopping working too greatly when strengthening in order to be implemented in the fluctuation of load, but when in the load short time during than great fluctuation process at high speed provide diesel engine speed and increase order, meanwhile realize that by the super capacitor group energy that promotes operating mode supplies with.The torque fan-out capability that can realize diesel motor like this reaches rated value in the short period of time, thereby guarantees the reliability service of system.
As a kind of improvement of the present invention, described super capacitor monomer is furnished with the temperature interface, and temperature signal inserts Central Processing Unit (CPU) to realize monitoring and the protection to the super capacitor group.
As another kind of improvement the of the present invention, the reversible rectifying device of described power electronics is the reversible bridge-type PWM rectifying circuit of three-phase, comprise by insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn IGBT and its flywheel diode in parallel constituting, by break-make opportunity and the adjusting dutycycle realization control dc voltage and the electric current of control insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn IGBT switch.
For the non-power frequency three plase alternating current that sends by the variable speed generation unit, realize the rectification operation via the reversible rectifying installation of power electronics, supply with dc bus after being converted to direct current (DC), this electronic power rectification device comprises by the PWM bridge-type of insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn (IGBT) and its flywheel diode in parallel formation controls rectifier circuit for reversible drives entirely, the inductance of motor interior loop is as the necessary inductive load of this topological structure, make its electric current can be with voltage power supply on off state, filtering exchanges surveys the PWM harmonic current, simultaneously can isolate electrical network electro-motive force and rectifier AC side voltage, constitute voltage type PWM rectifier (VSR) thus.This circuit can work in rectification state, can work in inverter mode again, with the electrical generator is load, then can be considered and drag synchronous dynamo realization torque control, when working under the different load torque (by this power electronic equipment control), can realize the operation of regenerative brake operating mode, power to DC side by diode.
As another improvement of the present invention, described super capacitor group is used with discharging resistance, to realize the protection for capacitor bank.
In this mechanism, comprise discharge and use transistor, discharging resistance and diode, the connection of discharging resistance is used transistor controls by discharge, and its break-make is finished by voltage detecting circuit.Voltage detecting circuit directly detects the electric capacity both end voltage, when measured value surpasses permissible value, triggers the generating transistor turns, and the electric charge on the electric capacity discharges through discharging resistance, and voltage is reduced.This sparking voltage value has different values according to inversion with the dissimilar of frequency converter, but in design all less than the safety voltage upper limit of super capacitor work, greater than the maximum operation voltage of the super capacitor under the nominal situation.
As another improvement of the present invention, described generator set is dragged by the variable-ratio diesel motor, diesel motor adopts industrial diesel engine, at different loading demands, realization is to the variable-speed operation of diesel powerplant, and its speed will write by the automobile-used CAN1939 agreement mouth of diesel motor and realize rotating speed control.Can be implemented in the more excellent of the burning of diesel engine under the different operating speves and emission status like this, simultaneously, industrial diesel engine can be realized the good speed control in different speed sections.
Driving lifting mechanism motor, big mechanism of car movable motor and trolley body movable motor are directly connected on the dc bus by their frequency converter; work in the DC supply state; inverter mode can be worked in and also the regenerative brake state can be worked in; energy offers each load by dc bus during inverter mode; when working in the regenerative brake state mechanism with energy back to dc bus; bus voltage is regulated in the change of voltage scope; when being higher than super capacitor group reliable operation voltage range, can releasing energy by braking resistor and protect the super capacitor group.
Described frequency converter is connected on the dc bus, is used to provide the alternating current source of constant frequency and constant voltage, realizes what the RTG equipment operation needed, mainly comprises: control system working power, other motors of mains lighting supply and Alternating Current Power Supply (as the Oil pump electrical machinery etc. of cutting to).
Rubbertyred container gantry crane of the present invention utilizes the diesel powerplant of variable-speed operation to drag, and cooperates super capacitor to realize deciding according to power demand the intelligent speed changing diesel powerplant of diesel powerplant running velocity.
For the diesel powerplant that works in rated speed of rotation always, its efficient will become very low under the underload situation when working in, according to existing result of study, standard termination for 20% and its efficient of diesel engine under working at full speed only can reach 11%, and under 100% load its efficient up to 32%, the loss of diesel engine is 60% under 80% and the standard termination under 20% load, visible under constant speed the efficient of diesel engine directly relevant with its load.As seen to be stabilized in when underload than slow speed of revolution be very important to the diesel engine in running condition, can significantly improve economy, in addition when the potential energy load is transferred or the energy of feedback also can obtain recycling by installing stored energy mechanism additional, but too much energy-storage units is provided with and can increase invests and equipment self weight in the design at the scene, and make such energy-saving scheme lose more than gain, hybrid power when for this reason using the super capacitor group to realize hoisting is in the present invention supplied with, and its objective is to diesel engine unit provides time enough.
The advantage of using this invention is to make diesel powerplant to select different rotating speed operations according to the energy requirement situation under different condition of loading, thereby driving engine can the optimum condition in its fuel-economizing be moved in omnidistance, and, can realize satisfying to this operating mode by the super capacitor group that increases for original lifting power increasing sharply in the short time of moment.This makes it possible to realize the optimum transmission of energy under the situation that does not change field working conditions, on the other hand the further emission abatement because the speed-raising of diesel engine becomes gently.
Adopt this invention can also further reduce the generating capacity of diesel engine unit, the accumulation of energy effect of super capacitor group simultaneously makes original situation about frequently consuming energy by the braking resistor heating significantly reduce, reduced the thermal pollution of complete machine, improve the smooth running of tire type gantry container crane electric system greatly, its environment protecting is remarkable, and social benefit and economic benefit obviously increase.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, reduced the generating capacity of unit.Because super capacitor provides at the electric energy that promotes moment, make and influence " bottleneck " of generating capacity in the original type selecting, the energy of moment of promptly hoisting provides problem to obtain good solution, make the generating capacity of total system decline to a great extent, reduce user's installation spending on the one hand, reduced the energy consumption when system moves on the other hand.
2, Tu Chu energy-saving effect.Derive from the energy consumption reduction that less generating capacity brings on the one hand, derive from the raising of the efficient of bringing according to the load speed governing operation on the other hand, energy during simultaneously owing to potential energy below the weight of super capacitor storage and diesel engine tickover makes that the energy-saving effect of total system is very outstanding.
3, less environmental pollution.The capacity of complete machine reduces must cause greatly reducing of oil consumption, noise and heat etc. that unit takes place; System works is to work in idling conditions under most of situation in addition, makes its discharging and thermal pollution further reduce; The system that is arranged so that of super capacitor operation simultaneously is mild, the over-emitting black exhaust phenomenon the when rising of conventional rack lifting mechanism can not take place.
In this scheme, super capacitor will be used to solve the quick not enough problem of bringing of mechanical equipment response rapidity that increases of moment load that hoists mainly as the energy snubber of the moment that hoists, realize the coupling of the different time constant of Mechatronic Systems like this.This scheme with in the past realize that according to super capacitor the effect of simple energy-storage economical has a great difference, the buffering energy only needs to provide the additional energy demand of building up transient, be under the rated speed of rotation at this moment diesel motor, can provide maximum torque for driving engine like this.With respect to simple energy storage scheme, reduced the capacity of super capacitor group greatly.The cost that this can the actv. saving once drops into, the minimizing of Pei Zhi electric capacity simultaneously also make complete machine weight descend, the loss when having reduced walking.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of electric system configuration schematic diagram of utilizing the variable-speed operation diesel powerplant to realize power supply and super capacitor realization energy snubber and partially recycled energy-conserving and environment-protective novel tire formula gantry container crane of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a torque curve under the different rotating speeds of diesel engine unit, horsepower curve and gas consumption rate curve;
Fig. 3 is that the reversible rectification pwm circuit of three-phase works in a kind of current return schematic diagram under the electric capacity charge mode;
Fig. 4 is that the reversible rectification pwm circuit of three-phase works in a kind of current return schematic diagram under the capacitive strike pattern;
Fig. 5 is that the central controller energy is differentiated control principle figure;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that discharging resistance is closed in the super capacitor assembly.
The specific embodiment
A kind of energy-saving type tire type gantry container crane that utilizes slow-running diesel engine group and super capacitor energy-storage buffer cell of the present invention, there is lifting mechanism in its groundwork mechanism, trolley body and big mechanism of car, the three-phase alternating-current supply that is sent by the diesel powerplant and the speed control device thereof of adjustable speed operation is converted to direct supply through the reversible rectifying device of power electronics that is used for the control of diesel powerplant electric energy generated, directly supply with the frequency converter that drags each mechanism's operation by DC supply, direct supply is converted to the source of AC of frequency adjustable, is used for driving and hoists, cart and trolley body.The super capacitor energy-storage unit of energy snubber is connected in parallel on dc bus when being used for the fluctuation of load, is used for realizing the buffering energy of diesel engine speed-raising and realizes the hybrid power operation when load increases.The AC energy that needs in the equipment operation is realized by electronic power inversion equipment.
The three-phase alternating-current supply that is sent by the diesel powerplant and the speed control device thereof of adjustable speed operation is converted to direct supply through the reversible rectifying device of power electronics that is used for the control of diesel powerplant electric energy generated, energy source as full car operation, the generator set that adopts among the present invention is dragged by the variable-ratio diesel motor, diesel motor does not adopt conventional integrated generating with two sections supporting driving engines of fast smooth operation generator set, and the employing industrial diesel engine, can be implemented in the more excellent of the burning of diesel engine under the different operating speves and emission status like this, industrial diesel engine can be realized the good speed control in different speed sections simultaneously, and its speed will write by the automobile-used CAN1939 agreement mouth of diesel motor and realize rotating speed control in the present invention.
For the non-power frequency three plase alternating current that sends by the variable speed generation unit, realize the rectification operation via the reversible rectifying installation of power electronics, supply with dc bus after being converted to direct current (DC), this electronic power rectification device comprises by the PWM bridge-type of insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn (IGBT) and its flywheel diode in parallel formation controls rectifier circuit for reversible drives entirely, the inductance of motor interior loop is as the necessary inductive load of this topological structure, make its electric current can be with voltage power supply on off state, filtering exchanges surveys the PWM harmonic current, simultaneously can isolate electrical network electro-motive force and rectifier AC side voltage, constitute voltage type PWM rectifier (VSR) thus.This circuit can work in rectification state, can work in inverter mode again, with the electrical generator is load, then can be considered and drag synchronous dynamo realization torque control, when working under the different load torque (by this power electronic equipment control), can realize the operation of regenerative brake operating mode, power to DC side by diode.
DC side bus super capacitor group in parallel, this super capacitor group is with the formation in parallel of the capacitor bank in the frequency converter that drags each mechanism energy accumulating device, by detecting the current/voltage on this dc bus, can calculate its power condition in real time by Central Processing Unit (CPU), with the power changing condition as diesel powerplant speed governing foundation, realize that by rotational speed setup driving engine moves under different rotating speeds, make driving engine run within the torque range that this rotating speed allows by torque control, by rotating speed with torque in conjunction with calculating and considering that certain energy loss realizes the coupling with energy demand.
The effect of super capacitor group mainly contains following two aspects: 1, main is as the energy snubber device, this is by the decision of the performance characteristic of RTG equipment, when promoting action, need the diesel powerplant rapid reaction, the rated speed of rotation that raises speed in the shortest time is to provide ceiling capacity, the response characteristic of diesel engine unit has bigger delay, the energy storage of for this reason using the super capacitor group to be implemented under the non-lifting operating mode moves, when promoting, realize the part power supply at lifting initial stage, and then provide the acceleration of diesel engine unit to need the time by the super capacitor group.2, when working in the lifting operating mode, realize the hybrid power operation, can reduce the diesel engine unit generating capacity by actv. like this, the loss when the minimizing diesel engine unit is moved by super capacitor group and diesel engine.
The RHVC that drives lifting mechanism motor, cart movable motor and trolley walking motor is directly connected on the dc bus; work in the DC supply state; inverter mode can be worked in and also the regenerative brake state can be worked in; energy offers each load by dc bus during inverter mode; when working in the regenerative brake state mechanism with energy back to dc bus; bus voltage is regulated in the change of voltage scope; when being higher than super capacitor group reliable operation voltage range, can releasing energy by braking resistor and protect the super capacitor group.
Source of AC for RTG equipment operation needs, can provide the alternating current source of constant frequency and constant voltage to realize by the inverter that is connected on the dc bus, to mainly comprise the control system working power, other motors of mains lighting supply and Alternating Current Power Supply (as the Oil pump electrical machinery etc. of cutting to).
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is made of the intelligent industrial control system, this system and diesel engine, synchronous electric generator, the power electronics transfer device connects, it can detect the current/voltage situation of DC loop and then calculate its power condition, control the rotating speed and the torque of electrical generator based on this, being provided with of this rotating speed and torque will be dependent on the diesel motor torque curve, make it work in most economical operating mode.Simultaneously will be as the watch-dog of total system, realize the operation conditions of total system detection and startup, function such as stop.This Central Processing Unit (CPU) will calculate needed field voltage according to operating condition and realize that excitation is given simultaneously.
Tire type gantry container crane is a kind of specific purpose container handling equipment that are used for container pier storage yard, and it is the mobile machinery of no trapped orbit, and the diesel powerplant generating of utilization itself is used for the consumer on the hoisting crane.The electric power system of tire type gantry container crane and quay surface electric system are isolated fully.A tire type gantry container crane has three main actuating mechanisms usually, is respectively lifting mechanism, trolley body and big mechanism of car.Lifting mechanism is the principal organ of hoisting crane, and power is used for promoting or transferring freight container more than 200KW usually, and lifting mechanism power consumption during lifting is supplied with by diesel powerplant, and because of the freight container below, its potential energy will convert electric energy to and feed back to hoisting crane during decline.Trolley body and big mechanism of car are the mechanisms that is used for the plane moving containers, and power is less relatively.
The present invention is converted to direct supply by the three-phase alternating-current supply that the diesel powerplant and the speed control device thereof of adjustable speed operation sends through the reversible rectifying device of power electronics that is used for the control of diesel powerplant electric energy generated, directly supply with the frequency converter that drags each mechanism's operation by DC supply, direct supply is converted to the source of AC of frequency adjustable, be used for driving hoist, cart and trolley body.The super capacitor energy-storage unit of energy snubber is connected in parallel on dc bus when being used for the fluctuation of load, is used for realizing the buffering energy of diesel engine speed-raising and realizes the hybrid power operation when load increases.The AC energy that needs in the equipment operation is realized by electronic power inversion equipment.
As shown in Figure 1, the three-phase alternating-current supply that is sent by the diesel powerplant and the speed control device thereof of adjustable speed operation is converted to direct supply through the reversible rectifying device of power electronics that is used for the control of diesel powerplant electric energy generated, energy source as full car operation, its speed will write by the automobile-used CAN1939 agreement mouth of diesel motor and realize rotating speed control, in fact industrial diesel engine is in its range of speed, and governor changes its delivery quality according to the changing condition of external load.After specifying its rotating speed by the CAN bus, diesel engine will be in less degree of cyclic irregularity scope smooth operation, at this moment need to control the torque that reversible rectifying device imposes on generator set, with the situation of avoiding causing apart from limits value greater than the commentaries on classics of diesel engine unit under current rotating speed that diesel engine is put out a fire and Electric Traction is reversed owing to torque.Its torque adjustment foundation is a torque curve as shown in Figure 2.Its torque should be in below the torque curve and need consider the loss in the system capacity transmittance process and possess certain allowance under a certain fixed speed.
The reversible rectifying device of PWM mainly comprises by the PWM bridge-type of insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn (IGBT) and its flywheel diode in parallel formation controls rectifier circuit for reversible drives entirely, three-phase voltage type PWM commutation controller has 8 kinds of switching modes, and it is i that Fig. 3, Fig. 4 have provided its three-phase current on line side a0, i b<0, i c0 o'clock work in the current situation of pattern 1 and pattern 2, when the pattern 1 of working in, charge to dc bus by the PWM rectifying device, and when the pattern 2 of working in, dc bus can the drawing generator group move, the unit operation direction is constant, can realize the adjusting of DC side electric current and voltage by the dutycycle that changes IGBT switch situation.
DC side bus super capacitor group in parallel; drive the lifting mechanism motor; the RHVC of cart movable motor and trolley walking motor is directly connected on the dc bus; work in the DC supply state; inverter mode can be worked in and also the regenerative brake state can be worked in; energy offers each load by dc bus during inverter mode; when working in the regenerative brake state mechanism with energy back to dc bus; bus voltage is regulated in the change of voltage scope; when being higher than super capacitor group reliable operation voltage range, can releasing energy by braking resistor and protect the super capacitor group.
The super capacitor group is as buffering rather than make the capacitance of super capacitor group to decline to a great extent as energy storage completely, the super capacitor group voltage class of selecting for use is 48V, so need many series connection to satisfy voltage requirements, adopt 17 series connection to realize that separate unit super capacitor parameter is as follows for native system:
Voltage class: 48V
Capacitance: 80 farads
Equivalent internal resistance (direct current): 12.3 milliohms
Leakage current: 3 milliamperes
Capacitor bank configuration computation process is as follows:
Transfer energy (the existing at home utilization of this scheme) if adopt capacitor bank to absorb all, the capacitance computation process that then needs is as follows:
Set and put apart from being 13 meters, when transferring 40 tons of casees, do not consider degradation of energy, its potential energy of transferring the process generation can be calculated as follows:
E=mgh=40000×9.8×13=5.096×10 6J
This potential energy is all absorbed the super capacitor group, and capacitor bank operating voltage range (being subject to the inverter operating voltage range) is made as 600V~800V, then the demand capacitance is:
C = 2 E u 1 2 - u 2 2 = 2 × 5.096 × 10 6 800 2 - 600 2 = 36.4 F
Monomer electric capacity is selected 48V commonly used for use, 80F electric capacity, and then for satisfying voltage requirements, it is that 800V/48V is about 17 that each grouping needs series capacity, this moment, each tank capacitance amount was 80F/17=4.71F.For the capacitance that needing to realize needs the about 8 groups of capacitor bank of 36.4F/4.71F in parallel, required electric capacity amount of monomer is 17 * 8=136 for this reason.
Electric capacity uses as the buffer memory energy device in the present invention program, does not need to absorb all to transfer energy, and energy-conservation main dependence diesel motor reduction of speed realizes that use 17 monomer series-connected realizations of electric capacity, its capacitance is 4.71F for this reason, and the energy that can absorb is:
E = 1 2 C ( u 1 2 - u 2 2 ) = 1 2 × 4.71 × ( 800 2 - 600 2 ) = 6.594 × 10 5 J
This portion of energy is converted into potential energy can make the equipment climb be:
h = E mg = 6.594 × 10 5 40000 × 9.8 = 1.69 m
Maximum speed is 20m/min if equipment rises operation, does not consider the accelerator of initial climb, and the time of run that only relies on the capacitor bank energy stored to provide is
T = S V = 1.69 × 60 20 = 5.07 s
This time is enough to for making diesel motor accelerate to command speed, thereby makes after this time, and diesel engine unit can possess maximum torque fan-out capability.
The super capacitor monomer is furnished with the temperature interface, and temperature signal inserts monitoring and the protection of Central Processing Unit (CPU) realization to the super capacitor group.
As shown in Figure 6, in this mechanism, comprise discharge transistor V b, discharging resistance R 1, R 2With diode VD b, the connection of discharging resistance is by discharge transistor V bControl, its break-make is finished by voltage detecting circuit.Voltage detecting circuit directly detects super capacitor C both end voltage, when measured value surpasses permissible value, triggers the generating transistor turns, and the electric charge on the electric capacity discharges through discharging resistance, and voltage is reduced.This sparking voltage value has different values according to inversion with the dissimilar of frequency converter, but in design all less than the safety voltage upper limit of super capacitor work, greater than the maximum operation voltage of the super capacitor under the nominal situation.This braking circuit as common configuration, only needs in use the super capacitor group to be connected in parallel on the dc bus and according to the protection requirement and selects the discharging resistance value to get final product in inverter.
Source of AC for system's needs in service realizes that by the independent inverter that adds this device can provide the three plase alternating current of constant frequency and constant voltage.
Functions such as Central Processing Unit (CPU) can be realized by the PLC system, can realize the DC bus-bar voltage current acquisition, and power calculation and excitation are given, and the diesel engine speed of system, torque value realize control by this Central Processing Unit (CPU), control principle, as shown in Figure 5.Central Processing Unit (CPU) is power (by the power of dc bus side) and can provide power to compare according to demand, when the power breach hour, progressively promote rpm level, and when lift mechanism lifts is moved, judge that its demand power presets the maximum power that tachometer value can provide greater than setting, then diesel engine accelerates to rated speed of rotation rapidly, makes equipment that maximum power can be provided as early as possible, and the operating lag of this deterministic process and diesel engine provides energy to remedy by the super capacitor group.
By measurement DC bus-bar voltage electric current, and then in this control unit, calculate dc bus power, and with the foundation of this dc bus power as the adjusting diesel engine speed.And can given rotary speed of diesel engine, but given power electronics inverted rectifier ac-side current, but when in the load short time during than great fluctuation process at high speed provide diesel engine speed and increase order.
In this example, the diesel powerplant of adjustable speed operation does not use common generating to realize speed governing with the supporting diesel motor of diesel engine unit, and adopting construction machinery and equipment to realize speed governing with diesel motor, this unit is furnished with full distance speed regulating equipment, can make system that the performance characteristic of optimization is provided in whole process.This unit can pass through external smart control unit given rotating speed signal, tach signal is given given by automobile-used CAN1939 protocol bus interface that diesel motor carried, this diesel powerplant can be stable under this tach signal runs on different setting tachometer value (greater than the diesel motor idling speed less than its rated speed of rotation), this mechanism uses on tire type gantry container crane, realizes its each mechanism's power supply.
Described reversible rectifying device can drag the synchronous electric generator operation, in operational process, move torque, it is synchronous electric generator pusher side electric current scalable, this power electronic equipment can work in rectification state also can work in the regenerative brake state, the low pressure low-frequency power that generator set produces can be converted to direct supply, and DC bus-bar voltage can cooperate Central Processing Unit (CPU) and diesel engine unit to regulate by this device.Transfer or cart dolly during when tire type gantry container crane is in, can drag the diesel engine unit operation by this device,, realize the fuel-economizing operation at this stage diesel motor stop control lever by the direct current energy that the super capacitor group provides not in running state.
Described reversible rectifying device can be controlled the diesel powerplant torque; this torque value is determined according to the diesel motor torque curve when actual torque is set; guarantee this torque value less than the torque maxim under the corresponding rotating speed, can be to guarantee diesel engine unit because of shutting down too greatly with the oppositely directed resisting moment of rotating speed.

Claims (8)

1. velocity modulation fuel saving diesel-electric set electric supply tyre type gantry container hoisting crane, this tire type gantry container crane adopt variable-speed operation diesel powerplant to realize power supply, comprising: lifting mechanism, trolley body and big mechanism of car; It is characterized in that described tire type gantry container crane can be regulated the running velocity of diesel powerplant according to the variation of load, to realize energy-saving run, also comprises:
Electric system, this electric system comprises: diesel engine, synchronous electric generator, the reversible rectifying device of power electronics, super capacitor group, frequency converter, Central Processing Unit (CPU), diesel engine speed regulator and excitation regulator, and the AC energy that needs in the equipment operation is realized by electronic power inversion equipment; The three-phase alternating-current supply that is sent by the diesel powerplant and the speed control device thereof of adjustable speed operation is converted to direct supply through the reversible rectifying device of power electronics that is used for the control of diesel powerplant electric energy generated, directly supply with the frequency converter that drags each mechanism's operation by DC supply, direct supply is converted to the source of AC of frequency adjustable, is used to drive lifting mechanism, big mechanism of car and trolley body;
Described super capacitor group is connected in parallel on the DC side bus, hybrid power is provided when being used for realizing the buffering energy of diesel engine speed-raising and being used for advancing the speed in the dc bus power short time above threshold value when load increases, be subject to manufacture craft, this super capacitor group is monomer series-connected the forming of super capacitor below the 125V by many voltage classs, the capacitance of described super capacitor monomer is below 200 farads, and the total capacitance of the super capacitor group that is made of it can satisfy the operating mode demand below 10 farads;
Described Central Processing Unit (CPU) is made of the intelligent industrial control system, this system and diesel engine, synchronous electric generator, the reversible rectifying device of power electronics connects, be used to detect the current/voltage situation on the dc bus and then calculate its power condition in real time, and based on this as rotating speed and the torque of diesel powerplant speed governing according to the control electrical generator, being provided with of this rotating speed and torque will be dependent on the diesel powerplant torque curve, realize that by rotational speed setup diesel powerplant moves under different rotating speeds, torque control makes diesel powerplant run within the torque range of this rotating speed permission, makes it work in most economical operating mode; Simultaneously, this Central Processing Unit (CPU) will calculate needed field voltage according to operating condition and realize that excitation is given.
2. tire type gantry container crane according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described super capacitor monomer is furnished with the temperature interface, and temperature signal inserts Central Processing Unit (CPU), to realize monitoring and the protection to the super capacitor group.
3. tire type gantry container crane according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the reversible rectifying device of described power electronics is the reversible bridge-type PWM rectifying circuit of three-phase, comprise by insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn IGBT and its flywheel diode in parallel constituting, by break-make opportunity and the adjusting dutycycle realization control dc voltage and the ac-side current of control insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn IGBT switch.
4. tire type gantry container crane according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described super capacitor group is used with discharging resistance, to realize the protection for capacitor bank.
5. tire type gantry container crane according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described Central Processing Unit (CPU) is used programmable logic controller (PLC) and realized controllable function.
6. tire type gantry container crane according to claim 1 is characterized in that described generator set is dragged by the variable-ratio diesel motor, and diesel motor adopts industrial diesel engine.
7. tire type gantry container crane according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, driving lifting mechanism motor, big mechanism of car movable motor and trolley body movable motor are directly connected on the dc bus by their frequency converter, work in the DC supply state.
8. the tire type gantry container crane that is used for according to claim 1 is characterized in that described frequency converter is connected on the dc bus, is used to provide the alternating current source of constant frequency and constant voltage, realizes the power supply supply that the RTG equipment operation needs.
CN2008102226651A 2008-09-22 2008-09-22 Velocity modulation fuel saving diesel-electric set electric supply tyre type gantry container crane Expired - Fee Related CN101348215B (en)

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