CN104008225B - Grid digital elevation model (DEM) difference calculation method of urban surface drainage system - Google Patents
Grid digital elevation model (DEM) difference calculation method of urban surface drainage system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grid digital elevation model (DEM) difference calculation method of an urban surface drainage system. According to mapped altitude data of a river channel bottom slope and a river channel bank of a river channel, from an actual condition of the river channel bottom slope and the river channel bank, a region reflecting drainage system characteristics is subjected to fining treatment. The river channel bottom slope is subjected to encryption treatment by means of a vertical section local elevation changing curve fitting method, and the river channel bank is subjected to encryption treatment by means of contour lines and gradient and measured data of the contour lines, so that a high-accuracy urban surface drainage system DEM which can reflect the actual condition of the river channel bottom slope and the river channel bank is constructed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the gridded DEM model Difference Calculation method of urban surface water system, belong to municipal works technical field.
Background technology
Digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Models, DEM) utilizes numerical method to express surface configuration
Main method, it is widely used in three dimensional ground model, visualization analysis, Extraction of Topographic Patterns, hydrological analysis, flood flood
Do not have many engineer applied fields such as analysis.The most conventional dem data structure includes Regular network model and TIN
(Triangulated Irregular Network, TIN) and equal pitch contour (Contour) etc..The DEM of water system in high precision
River course or the scope in lake and the degree of depth can be given expression to accurately, for studying the hydrologic condition in river course, analyze flood inundation on tracks etc. and carry
Supply facility.The altitude data of the river course base slope according to river channel mapping and bank of river, true from river course base slope and bank of river
Truth condition is set out, the region to reflection water system spy's looks, does process of refinement, and river course base slope uses the elevation change of vertical section local
Curve-fitting method is encrypted, and bank of river is encrypted with measured data by equal pitch contour and the gradient thereof, builds
Go out to reflect high accuracy water system DEM of river course base slope and bank of river real conditions.
Summary of the invention
For water system situation as described above, in order to accurately build water system high accuracy DEM, thus conveniently river course is carried out water
Literary composition analysis, analysis of flood inundation etc., the present invention relates to the manufacture method of a kind of urban water system high accuracy DEM, belong to municipal administration
Field of engineering technology.Its construction process relates generally to: utilize weight or ultrasonic wave position finder to measure river course base slope and bank of river
The most elevational point data；Horizontal, the vertical section local elevation change curve matching according to the base slope altitude data application of actual measurement river course
Method is encrypted, so that the river course base slope DEM generated is more mild, the gradient and camber make river course base slope more true to nature,
Increase substantially model accuracy；According to actual measurement bank of river measured data, longitudinally equal pitch contour matching, i.e. river are taked for embankment
Road embankment longitudinal direction elevation is equal, and section horizontal for bank of river takes embankment gradient enciphered method, is separated by 0.5 meter 1 meter
One pass point is set；Input pass point altitude data, uses the TIN to Raster in the 3D Analyst module in ARCGIS
Function, generates DEM.The method elaborates the high accuracy DEM manufacture method of a kind of urban water system, can accurately reflect river
The real ground shape characteristic in road, and provide foundation directly perceived for research hydraulic condition of river parameter.The method can be used for analyzing river course
The prototype softwares such as flood inundation on tracks, waterlogging hydrops, therefore, this method has good application prospect.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of gridded DEM model Difference Calculation method of urban surface water system, it is characterised in that: described method concrete steps are such as
Under:
(1) utilizing weight or ultrasonic wave position finder to measure the altitude data of river course base slope and bank of river, precision is as far as possible
High.Altitude data for the point of interface (side slope point) of river course base slope and bank of river should as much as possible record.
(2) encryption river course base slope elevational point.First matching river course base slope vertical curve, the sideline, river course of available actual measurement is high
River course base slope local vertical section is carried out curve fitting by journey, and then encryption base slope sideline, river course altitude data.With base slope limit, river course
As a example by the vertical section of line place, y-axis represents base slope length, and z-axis represents elevation, sets up rectangular coordinate system.Fit curve equation is such as
Fig. 2 shows.Afterwards, then elevational point is modified, is allowed to revert in matched curve.Consider each vertical curve shape phase
With, simply intercept is different, then can obtain other vertical curves and be represented by:
Z=0.000002y3+0.00003y2-0.007y+b (b is intercept)
So, this place vertical curve equation can i.e. be obtained according to any one elevational point on a certain transverse section, it is achieved vertical
The elevation encryption of section.
(3), after obtaining the vertical curve of river course base slope, the elevational point position set up need to be shown on map, can
Utilize in CAD the functions such as skew, spacing decile, duplication that lines are split, and the topological functions combining ArcGIS quickly generates
Pass point, and input altitude data.The density of pass point should be depending on the gradient situation of river course base slope.When the gradient is less,
Use little density to encrypt, i.e. increase an elevational point along sectional curve direction every 1m to 5m；When the base slope gradient is bigger,
Suitably increasing density, can increase an elevational point every 0.1～0.5m, the river course base slope making generation is more mild, true to meet
Truth condition.
(4) encryption bank of river elevational point (interpolation).Bank of river is longitudinally the equal pitch contour of a circle circle, on equal pitch contour
Know the measured data of an elevational point, bank of river Vertical Curve can be encrypted.Utilize the bank of river horizontal section gradient, right
Bank of river transverse section is encrypted.Every 0.5 meter～one elevational point of 1 meter of interpolation, (light grade takes 1 meter, heavy grade
Take 0.5 meter),
Then for unknown elevational point when known elevational point descending (Fig. 3):
H=h sin θ * L
H is unknown point elevation, and h is known point elevation, and θ is the gradient of point-to-point transmission, and L is point-to-point transmission
Distance；
For unknown elevational point at the known elevational point in the case of of going up a slope (Fig. 3):
H '=h+sin θ * L '
H ' is unknown point elevation, and h is known point elevation, and θ is the gradient of point-to-point transmission, and L ' is 2 points
Between distance
(5) input densified height point data, utilizes the TIN to Raster function in the 3D Analyst module in ARCGIS,
Generate river course DEM.
Compared with traditional water system DEM manufacture method, the method that this patent proposes has the advantage that
(1) utilize vertical curve matching river course base slope, the state that base slope is mild can be reflected truly so that DEM
More accurately reflect reality；
(2) utilize contour line densification bank of river vertical section, utilize the gradient to encrypt bank of river transverse section, objectively respond dike
Bank truth so that DEM more accurately reflects reality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the manufacture method process schematic of the gridded DEM model Difference Calculation method of urban surface water system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is matching river course base slope vertical curve figure.
Fig. 3 is the unknown elevational point situation schematic diagram at known elevational point climb and fall.
Detailed description of the invention
As it is shown in figure 1, the gridded DEM model Difference Calculation method of the urban surface water system of the present invention, specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) ultrasonic position finder is utilized to measure river course base slope and bank of river altitude data；
(2) encryption river course base slope elevational point, river course base slope local vertical section is carried out by sideline, the river course elevation of available actual measurement
Curve matching, and then encryption base slope sideline, river course altitude data.
(3) after obtaining the vertical curve of river course base slope, the elevational point position set up is shown on map, utilize
In CAD, lines are split by the function such as skew, spacing decile, duplication, and the topological functions combining ArcGIS quickly generates encryption
Point, and input altitude data.
(4) bank of river equal pitch contour and gradient encryption bank of river elevational point are utilized.
(5) input densified height point data, utilizes the TIN to Raster function in the 3D Analyst module in ARCGIS,
Generate river course DEM.
Claims (1)
1. the gridded DEM model Difference Calculation method of urban surface water system, it is characterised in that
Step is as follows:
1) mapping elevational point data；
2) encryption river course base slope elevational point: first matching river course base slope vertical curve, utilizes
River course base slope local vertical section is carried out curve fitting by sideline, the river course elevation of actual measurement, and then encryption
Base slope sideline, river course altitude data；As a example by the vertical section of place, base slope sideline, river course, y-axis represents
Base slope length, z-axis represents elevation, sets up rectangular coordinate system；Again elevational point is modified,
It is allowed to revert in matched curve；Considering that each vertical curve shape is identical, simply intercept is different,
Then other vertical curves are expressed as:
Z=0.000002y3+0.00003y2‐0.007y+b
B is intercept；
So, this place vertical section is obtained according to any one elevational point on a certain transverse section
Curvilinear equation, it is achieved the elevation encryption of vertical section；
3) encryption bank of river elevational point: bank of river is longitudinally the equal pitch contour of a circle circle, etc.
On high line, the measured data of a known elevational point, can encrypt bank of river Vertical Curve；Profit
By the bank of river horizontal section gradient, bank of river transverse section is encrypted；Every 0.5 meter～
One elevational point of 1 meter of interpolation,
Then for unknown elevational point when known elevational point descending:
H=h sin θ * L
H is unknown point elevation, and h is known point elevation, and θ is the gradient of point-to-point transmission, and L is
The distance of point-to-point transmission；
For unknown elevational point in known elevational point in the case of of going up a slope:
H '=h+sin θ * L '
H ' is unknown point elevation, and h is known point elevation, and θ is the gradient of point-to-point transmission, L '
Distance for point-to-point transmission；
4) water system DEM is generated.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106650343B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2019-02-01 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of DEM scrambling encryption and restoring method |
| CN107180450B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2020-09-18 | 南宁师范大学 | DEM-based river valley cross section morphology algorithm |
| CN108319758A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-24 | 上海市政交通设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel drainage Optimized System Design method is worn under a kind of city based on hydraulic model |
| CN108197283B (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2021-11-30 | 河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司 | Method for carrying out flood two-dimensional and three-dimensional dynamic display by utilizing actually measured water level of river channel |
| CN108846170A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-20 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Tunnel drainage Optimized System Design method is worn under city based on hydraulic model |
| CN108986222B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2022-10-14 | 四川大学 | Branch-free river channel digital terrain generation method |
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