CN103399990A - Method of constructing fine discrete road grid in urban drainage simulation system - Google Patents
Method of constructing fine discrete road grid in urban drainage simulation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of constructing a fine discrete road grid in an urban drainage simulation system and belongs to the cross field of municipal engineering information technology, database technology and geologic information system technology. From the demand on construction of a waterlogging simulation model, under the restraint conditions in road design specifications and on the basis of conventional map measured elevation points, the number and positions of interpolation points are optimized under the drainage simulation system platform by the fitting method of local elevation change curves of cross-longitudinal road section and by road characteristic terrain vector layers according to mathematical model interpolation encryption plane and elevation information of physical road tomography; accordingly, a fine discrete road elevation grid unit is constructed, true tomographic road features are expressed quickly and economically, the demand on precise simulation of waterlogging models is met, especially the dredging and resisting actions of road micro-tomographic features upon waterflow can be correctly expressed, and the method is significant to promotion and application of the drainage simulation technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of urban road face as municipal drainage waterlogging analogue simulation system initial conditions discrete grid block cell formation method that becomes more meticulous, belong to municipal works infotech, database technology and geographic information system technology crossing domain.
Background technology
The hydraulic simulation technology is based on a series of hydrology, hydraulics ultimate principle, and realizes urban surface rainfall, runoff yield take computing machine as means, confluxes and the hollow analogue simulation of accumulating the actual physics process such as water.Draining analogue simulation system platform is integrated geographic information system technology and hydraulic model technology, all have a wide range of applications at aspects such as municipal drainage prevention waterlogging planning and design, catchment analysis and daily operation managements, especially under current urban road waterlogging simulation technology application demand promotes, correlation technique means and the data processing method of control simulation precision are had higher requirement.
Road earth's surface gridding methods is one of necessary initial conditions of ponding waterlogging Work condition analogue also referred to as the earth's surface digital elevation model, realizes that high-precision physical simulation simulation prerequisite is must construct to meet real surface feature, the interval expression of high-precision terrain meshization.At present, while preparing waterpower analogue simulation initial conditions, traditional urban road landform disposal route exists limitation.At first, adopt professional measuring method observation to obtain the ground elevation data, landforms hypsographic survey grid precision reaches as high as 100 * 100 meters, even but full accuracy data qualification, while being used for the waterlogging simulation, the quantity of its measurement point is still limited, and the road surface digital elevation model that generates according to measurement data merely can't meet the simulation precision demand, generates the fineness comparatively coarse (as accompanying drawing 5a) of figure., and if the method that only adopts increase to survey spot elevation is carried out earth's surface elevation model encryption, often just mean the sharply increase of engineering cost; Secondly, development along with geographical information technology, current application road terrain data processing policy the most widely is take the actual measurement spot elevation of City Digital Topographic Map as basis, build the road surface digital elevation model by the spatial interpolation technology under simple employing geographical information platform, thereby realize the description to road surface height fluctuations.Although the method is easy to obtain more newly-increased data, but when being applied to particular job, especially when sampling spot elevation disappearance strategic road terrain feature details is expressed, the interpolation surface model can't recover this regional terrain feature continuously, often causes the road graticule model degree of distortion higher (as accompanying drawing 5b) of acquisition.
defect based on above traditional treatment method, the demand that this patent builds from the waterlogging realistic model, take the road surface design specifications as constraint condition, take conventional topomap actual measurement spot elevation as basis, the application road is horizontal, the local elevation change curve of vertical section approximating method, in conjunction with roadway characteristic landform band vector quantization figure layer data, mathematical model interpolation according to road physics landform is encrypted the plane elevation information, optimize and revise interpolation point quantity and position under draining analogue simulation system platform, thereby construct the meticulous discrete elevation grid cell of road surface, both quick, realized economically road real terrain feature representation, met again the accurately requirement of simulation of waterlogging model, especially correctly showed road microfeature dredging and barrier effect current, significant for applying of draining simulation technology.
Summary of the invention
It is on the low side that the present invention is mainly the current digital elevation model precision based on traditional road landform disposal route structure of solution, from design angle, do not consider the expression of road complex-terrain feature and the problem in science such as accurate simulation of ponding waterlogging model yet, proposed a kind of meticulous discrete grid block construction method of road of municipal drainage analogue simulation system.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The meticulous discrete grid block construction method of the road of municipal drainage analogue simulation system, described method comprises following steps successively:
(1) under the Access database platform, by following technical step, extract urban road landform altitude point basic data:
Road landform altitude point data are to describe the road landform to change the basis of details and drawing basics triangle interpolation unit grid, such data come from the basic terrain map of survey and drawing in city, adopt the manual measurement method to observe in the open air and obtain the ground elevation data, convert terrain map of survey and drawing after processing to; According to waterlogging analogue simulation research range, the topomap effective range is carried out cutting, therefrom gather required landform altitude point data, and the standardized A ccess database that imports under platform stores, as the data basis of road digital elevation model; The tables of data foundation structure of this stored data base system comprises X coordinate, Y coordinate and the elevation field of a data;
(2) under GIS platform, set up landform altitude point diagram layer and the terrain feature line chart layer of vector quantization by following technical step, and complete the spatial coordinate system registration of figure interlayer:
(2.1) road terrain feature line vector figure layer is to describe road profile, divides the basis of different road landform bands; The data source of this vector line chart layer is to pass through after city satellite image map or the conversion of topomap vector, the road terrain feature line vector data of acquisition; The Photoshop with figure layer vector masking-out is applied mechanically under geographical information platform in the storage of this figure layer, and the spatial information of having stored the eigenvector line with and type information;
(2.2) based on landform altitude point coordinate information, import in batches GIS platform, draw vector quantization elevation point diagram layer, and this figure layer coordinate system is set is local coordinate system; On the integration view interface basis of landform altitude point diagram layer and characteristic curve VectorLayer, to coordinate system independently put the layer and the line layer carry out the volume coordinate registration; The registration of volume coordinate is for selecting equally distributed three above landform reference points in survey region, obtain rectangular coordinate system conversion seven parameters, change three translation parameterss and three rotation parameters that seven parameters comprise respectively space coordinates X, Y and Z direction, and a dimensional variation parameter; After origin coordinate system transform, set up the road terrain feature spatial database under unified coordinate system; The volume coordinate match point is chosen as turning point or the joint of feature atural object;
(2.3) the on-the-spot benefit surveyed the characteristic elevation point:, in order to improve precision, at first carry out roadway segment; The roadway segment standard is that same segmentation road has identical section crown curve shape; Change and the profile grade variation according to the road Cross Section landform, encrypt the landform measurement point, augment topographical surveying point and be arranged in highway sideline and different terrain band border, the measurement on road median border should be avoided the traffic peak period, the road low laying areas is paid close attention to zone as the waterlogging model, needs equally the intensive measurement spot elevation;
(3) under draining analogue simulation system platform, complete the curve fitting process of roadway characteristic landform, and interpolation is encrypted virtual spot elevation, based on generating the validity check of road elevation model, optimize and revise interpolation point quantity and position, and, based on waterlogging simulation calculation efficiency preferred grid precision, finally construct the meticulous discrete grid block of road unit; The process of fitting treatment method of roadway characteristic landform is by calling the actual measurement basic data, carries out following steps through order and completes process of fitting treatment process to road transverse and longitudinal section landform:
(3.1) call the road terrain feature figure layer in model construction zone, comprise elevation point diagram layer and feature line chart layer;
(3.2) road section curve, carry out according to the following steps:
(3.2.1) crown curve match:, by choosing the spot elevation that is positioned on same transversal section, set up the rectangular coordinate system of having a lot of social connections with elevation; According to the symmetry of Slope of Roadway curve and straight line and the tangent characteristics of circle, by road width and altitude figures, match Slope of Roadway curvilinear equation, transversal section equation meet " urban road design criterion " (CJJ37-90) in requirement; According to standard, the forms of road cross section has single carriageway road, dual carriageway road, triple carriageway road and quadri, and different types of road adopts different matched curve types, and matched curve comprises respectively straight-line segment and segment of curve; Single width road horizontal wall inscription is established straight line and is inserted slope, circular curve two sides, and the staight slope gradient is 1%～2%, and circular curve radius is mated formation to have a lot of social connections take monolateral length of tangent line as 1/3-1/4 one side of something and chosen; To establishing the road of parting strip in the middle of road, comprise dual carriageway road and quadri, cancel segment of curve and only do slope, straight line two sides; In the middle of triple carriageway road, main road adopts and the match of single carriageway road same procedure, and staight slope is established on other width roads; Shown in code requirement, to the expression of all kinds road Cross Section, all can simply select crown curve form parabola shaped, that straight line connects parabola shaped or fold-line-shaped; The crown curve shape of considering each section on same road is identical, and just height value is different, therefore,, as long as simulate an equation, increases corresponding difference of elevation constant, can obtain the arbitrary transversal section of road curvilinear equation;
(3.2.2) the match model of profile of road curve is along the rectangular coordinate system of road direction and vertical elevation, adopt subsequently the Local Polynomial method to carry out regretional analysis and curve to the altitude figures of highway sideline measurement point, the matched curve equation is n algebraic polynomial;
Being chosen as of polynomial of degree n carried out preferred from low order to high order, and take Coefficient of determination greater than 0.9 as standard; By building the normal equation group of least square method, Matrix Calculating solves polynomial parameter, thereby obtains characterizing the polynomial equation that the profile of road landform changes; Match vertical curve polynomial expression meets Road Base the design standard, also need finely tune parameter simultaneously, makes matched curve meet the requirement of minimum profile curvature radius R 〉=60m;
Finally by a transversal section matched curve equation respectively at road-center, 1/4 place of having a lot of social connections, have a lot of social connections 3/4 place and road boundary interpolation spot elevation, simultaneously according to road terrain feature vector line chart layer, set up respectively each characteristic boundary and road surface formline matched curve equation, characteristic boundary is parallel with highway sideline with road surface landform curve, and has a unified fluctuations, between band and band, the discrepancy in elevation remains unchanged along road direction, and its curvilinear equation form is expressed as the highway sideline curvilinear equation and adds discrepancy in elevation h;
(4) later step is to encrypt based on the road landform altitude point interpolation of mathematical model;
(4.1) through the above-mentioned landform of road based on design specifications curve fit process process, obtain the matched curve of different terrain line, the road formline comprises road axis, the division border of the 1/4 place's formline of having a lot of social connections, have a lot of social connections 3/4 place's formline, highway sideline and walkway, greenbelt and parting strip etc.; According to the profile of road slope change, adopt different interpolation precisions, expand the spot elevation interpolated sample, when the gradient hour, increase a spot elevation along the sectional curve direction every 1m～3m; When road gradient is large or form the road lowered zones, suitably increase density, increase a spot elevation every 0.1～0.5m, make the pavement of road of generation milder;
(4.2) at different terrain band adjacent, its landform altitude variation has emergent properties, to the very approaching point set data of the double distance of spot elevation interpolation employing of adjacent, the mixed phenomenon of taking of avoiding any network forming of different terrain interband elevation point set to produce;
(5) the elevation point set after encrypting take interpolation is basis, simultaneously, the structure boundary that will have breaks character, mainly comprise highway sideline, curb sideline, sideline, walkway and greening sideline, slope, participates in the foundation of earth's surface Di Luoni triangle irregular network DEM as hard partition line; The validity check of the road landform digital elevation model that forms comprises three aspects: at first each road landform band is answered clean cut, and boundary demarcation is obvious, and except the double tight spot elevation in adjacent landform band junction, its residual point-group can not produce the mixed phenomenon of taking of interband; Secondly single landform band internal strainization is mild, avoids occurring the sudden change sags and crests; , for the terrain feature of wearing part under the up concave type viaduct, need the bridge portion spot elevation artificial removal of bottom landform can be blocked in top when setting up triangle gridding finally, thereby obtain having the TIN DEM model of space height feature representation;
, for the sudden change sags and crests of terrain feature band inside, need processing is deleted or adjusted to point set; Take phenomenon for the interband that occurs is mixed, turn step (4) and carry out, encrypt and optimize and revise sudden change band junction spot elevation quantity and position, reappear and generate triangle grid model, until meet above-mentioned examination requirements;
(6) the irregular road triangulation network digital elevation model that builds based on above-mentioned steps, three-dimensional spatial analysis by Geographic Information System, TIN triangle application linear interpolation method is converted to square regular discrete grid block unit, the grid precision is relevant to waterlogging simulation calculation efficiency, carries out following steps through order and completes the selection of grid precision:
(6.1), based on the road triangle grid model, be converted to the square regular grid of 0.1m * 0.1m by space; Its initial precision is the highest conversion accuracy, uses and changes rear regular grid as draining waterlogging analogue simulation initial conditions, carries out simulation trial, and implementation method is carried out according to the following steps:
(6.1.1) based on local Rain Intensity Formula Based, structure Chicago exceeds standard and designs the rainfall line; Use design rainfall line as one dimensional flow mode input condition, complete pipe and flow through journey calculation simulation under draining analogue simulation system platform; The result of pipe stream calculation is the inspection chamber of sewerage pipeline network and inlet for stom water overflow water yield graph over time;
(6.1.2), by to different topographic characteristics band vector line chart layer, do sealing along road Cross Section and process, be converted to vector polygon figure layer; Press the line of vector type information, the polygon type is divided into four classes, is respectively permeable greenery patches face, permeable tile work face, impermeable bituminous sheaths and impermeable concrete surface; Carry out the space stack by road discrete grid block unit and vector polygon and obtain the earth's surface type information of each unit grid; , according to conduit flow model overflow node location,, by with the discrete grid block space, superposeing, obtain the link information of grid cell and conduit flow model simultaneously; The initialization of road discrete grid block unit simulation parameter has comprised: the X coordinate of the grid type heart, Y coordinate, elevation numerical value, earth's surface type and the water yield change procedure line that is connected with the one dimensional flow model;
(6.1.3) complete the hydraulic simulation of road graticule Two Dimensional Unsteady under draining analogue simulation system platform, analog result is each grid cell, the depth of water of each time step and flow number; Simultaneously, result has also comprised the total long T consuming time of system operation that completes two-dimensional analog calculating; Extract earth's surface least favorable grid cell analog computation depth of water temporal evolution graph;
(6.2) grid conversion precision length and width reduce step by step with the 0.1m step-length, repeating step (6.1.2) and (6.1.3), and lowest accuracy is take 3m * 3m as end condition; With least favorable grid center coordinate under 0.1m * 0.1m precision, extract same position grid cell under current precision and calculate depth of water change procedure line, calculate waterlogging analogue simulation efficiency index Rc, computing formula is:
In formula, R
cFor analogue simulation efficiency index under current precision, W
TAnd W
h, for moving total long weight coefficient consuming time and calculating depth of water deviation weight coefficient, get respectively and do 0.3 and 0.7; T
cAnd T
0.1Be respectively current grid precision and 0.1m * total length consuming time of 0.1m precision Imitating operation;
th
cWith
th
0.1Be respectively t constantly, under current grid precision and 0.1m * 0.1m precision, the least favorable grid cell of same position calculates depth of the water submerging; N is analog computation hop count when total;
(6.3) the efficiency index R under 0.1m * 0.1m precision
cBe 0, reduce after precision efficiency index may on the occasion of or negative value, the selection of switch grid precision is with the R of minimum
cValue is criterion.
Wherein, the earth's surface least favorable grid cell in described step (6.1.3) is analogue simulation in the period, calculates the grid cell of waterflooding depth of water numerical value maximum.
Beneficial effect:
1. adopt construction method of the present invention, can be under the prerequisite of utilizing less data and cost, realize fast the expression of urban road microfeature, accurately construct meticulous digital elevation model, construct on this basis regular discrete grid block unit, and, in conjunction with road drainage waterpower modelling technique, can meet the application demand that under different working conditions, road waterflooding situation is accurately simulated.
2. conventional road surface digital elevation model constructing technology has larger uncertainty, when sampling spot elevation lazy weight and the expression of disappearance strategic road terrain feature details, the interpolation surface model can't recover this regional terrain feature continuously, often causes the road graticule model degree of distortion higher (as accompanying drawing 5a) of acquisition.The present invention, take the highway layout standard as constraint condition, encrypts the road topographic control point from the angle interpolation of design, makes the spot elevation information of key position meet rationally reproduction under design specifications, makes the more realistic road terrain feature of digital elevation model of structure.
3. structure becomes more meticulous, the conventional thinking of road elevation model is by a large amount of field measurement work accurately, increase the terrain feature details and express, and the method reaches the model accuracy as shown in Fig. 5 b as need, will expend great manpower and financial resources nothing but.This patent has increased the constraint condition of design specifications, under less basic data basis, the urban road microfeature of realizing that can be quick and economic is expressed, and accurately constructs meticulous digital elevation model, is to reduce the effective measures that the hydraulic model project cost drops into.
4. the present invention is from the demand of waterlogging model construction, correctly showed the road microfeature to the dredging and barrier effect of current, and is as the basic initial conditions of hydraulic model, significant for applying of modelling technique.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention's " meticulous discrete grid block construction method of the road of municipal drainage analogue simulation system " work.
Fig. 2 a is road landform altitude point diagram layer and characteristic curve VectorLayer after the coordinate registration of test block.
Fig. 2 b is the elevation point set data after the test block actual measurement is encrypted.
Fig. 3 a is example road Cross Section center matched curve equation.
Fig. 3 b is example highway sideline vertical section matched curve equation.
Fig. 4 a is example road surface DEM encrypted result.
Fig. 4 b is each landform band of example road DEM encrypted result.
Fig. 5 a is the road surface DEM model based on basis, city terrain map of survey and drawing.
Fig. 5 b is the distortion road surface DEM model based on newly-increased eyeball.
Fig. 5 c is the final grade separation road digital elevation model design sketch that generates of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Below by example, and 1-5 does further and illustrates detailed embodiment of the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings.
The specific embodiment of the invention flow process as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) urban road terrain feature data are prepared, and comprise Tactics of Urban Surveying topomap and city satellite image map.According to the modeling regional extent, topomap is carried out cutting, therefrom gather the topographic(al) point altitude figures, and import the storage of Access database, as the data basis of road digital elevation model.The data list structure of this stored data base system comprises X coordinate, Y coordinate and the elevation field of a data.Simultaneously, after city satellite image map vector being transformed and manually revise, obtain road terrain feature line vector figure layer.The Photoshop with figure layer vector masking-out is applied mechanically under geographical information platform in the storage of this figure layer, and the spatial information of having stored the eigenvector line with and type information.
(2) select to be evenly distributed on road boundary point in whole modeling scope and the joint registration point as volume coordinate, obtain rectangular coordinate system conversion seven parameters, road landform altitude point diagram layer and characteristic curve VectorLayer are carried out the volume coordinate registration, and after registration, data are as shown in accompanying drawing 2a.
(3), for fear of the disappearance at road important terrain reference mark, at first need carry out roadway segment,, according to road shape and slope change, take the eigenvector line as foundation, encrypt the landform measurement point.Augment topographical surveying point and be arranged in highway sideline and different terrain band border.Slope change is paid close attention to zone (this example be viaduct bridge at the bottom of) greater than 2% road segment segment and waterlogging model, needs the intensive measurement spot elevation.Elevation point set data after actual measurement is encrypted are as shown in accompanying drawing 2b.
(4) choose the spot elevation that is positioned on same transversal section, set up the rectangular coordinate system of having a lot of social connections with elevation, X-axis represents to have a lot of social connections, and Z axis represents elevation.By road width and altitude figures, match Slope of Roadway curvilinear equation, the transversal section equation meets requirement in urban road design criterion CJJ37-90.This example the forms of road cross section, take single carriageway road as example, adopts Parabolic Fit transversal section center curve equation, as shown in accompanying drawing 3a.The crown curve shape of considering each section on same road is identical, and just altitude figures is different, therefore can only need a spot elevation that obtains on highway sideline can obtain this section crown curve equation, and then obtain the elevation numerical value of each position on this transversal section.
Set up subsequently the long Y-direction in road and the elevation Z direction rectangular coordinate system of profile of road, adopt the Local Polynomial method to carry out regretional analysis and curve to the altitude figures of highway sideline measurement point, the matched curve equation is n algebraic polynomial.The selection of polynomial of degree n take Coefficient of determination greater than 0.9 as standard, build the normal equation group of least square method, solve polynomial parameter by Matrix Calculating, thereby obtain characterizing the polynomial equation that the profile of road landform changes, as shown in accompanying drawing 3b.
Match vertical curve polynomial expression has met Road Base the design standard, also need meet simultaneously the requirement of minimum profile curvature radius R 〉=60m.
Finally by a transversal section matched curve equation respectively at road-center, 1/4 place of having a lot of social connections, have a lot of social connections 3/4 place and road boundary interpolation spot elevation,, simultaneously according to road terrain feature line of vector, set up respectively each characteristic boundary matched curve equation.Characteristic curve (as walkway, greenery patches band and central reserve etc.) is parallel with highway sideline, and has unified fluctuations, band be with between the discrepancy in elevation identical, its curvilinear equation form is expressed as the highway sideline curvilinear equation and adds discrepancy in elevation h.
(5), take each landform characteristic curve vertical section matched curve as basis,, take change in road slope as foundation, adopt different interpolation precisions, expand the spot elevation interpolated sample, when the gradient hour, can increase a spot elevation every 1m～5m along the sectional curve direction; When road gradient is large or form the road lowered zones, suitably increase density, can increase a spot elevation every 0.1～0.5m, make the pavement of road of generation milder.This example is for road grade less than 0.01, and the employing interpolation precision is 3m, and it is 1m that the gradient adopts precision more than or equal to 0.01, and adopting precision greater than 0.03 is 0.1m.For up concave type viaduct district part, owing to being waterlogging analogue simulation primary study zone, interpolation precision adopts 0.1m;
Spot elevation interpolation at different terrain band adjacent adopts the very approaching point set data (as accompanying drawing 4b) of double distance, generate validity check according to the earth's surface digital elevation model of subsequent step, continue to optimize and adjust adjacent interpolation spot elevation position and quantity, avoid occurring the mixed phenomenon of taking of interband spot elevation.
(6) the elevation point set data after encrypting take interpolation are basis, and simultaneously, the structure boundary that will have breaks character participates in the foundation of earth's surface Di Luoni triangle irregular network DEM as the hard line that cuts off.
The road landform digital elevation model that forms need meet the requirement of waterlogging Work condition analogue, and its requirement comprises three aspects: at first the inner landform strainization of road is mild, avoids occurring the sudden change sags and crests, as shown in accompanying drawing 4a; Secondly each road landform band is answered clean cut, and boundary demarcation is obvious, and except the double tight spot elevation in adjacent landform band junction, its residual point-group can not produce that interband is mixed takes phenomenon, as shown in accompanying drawing 4b; , for the terrain feature of wearing part under the up concave type viaduct, need the bridge portion spot elevation artificial removal of bottom landform can be blocked in top when setting up triangle gridding, thereby obtain having the DEM model of space height feature representation, as shown in accompanying drawing 5b finally.
, for the sudden change sags and crests of road inside, need processing is deleted or adjusted to the point set data.Take phenomenon for the interband that occurs is mixed, turn step 5 and carry out, optimize and revise sudden change band spot elevation position, junction and quantity, regenerate triangle grid model, until meet the requirement of above-mentioned waterlogging Work condition analogue.
(7) based on the irregular road triangulation network digital elevation model (TIN model) that builds, be converted to regular discrete grid block unit by space, and, based on the preferred switch grid precision of waterlogging simulation calculation efficiency, carry out following steps through order and complete the selection of grid precision:
(7.1), based on the road triangle grid model, be converted to the square regular grid of 0.1m * 0.1m by space; Its initial precision is the highest conversion accuracy, uses and changes rear regular grid as draining waterlogging analogue simulation initial conditions, carries out simulation trial, and implementation method is carried out according to the following steps:
(7.1.1) based on local Rain Intensity Formula Based, structure Chicago exceeds standard and designs the rainfall line, and example rainfall rain peak coefficient is 0.5, and rainfall duration is 2 hours, and repetition period of rainfall adopted 50 years.Use design rainfall line as initial conditions, complete pipe and flow through journey calculation simulation under draining analogue simulation system platform.The result of pipe stream calculation is the inspection chamber of sewerage pipeline network and inlet for stom water overflow water yield graph over time, and the sample result record always is lasted for 2 hours, and step-length is 1 minute;
(7.1.2), by to different topographic characteristics band vector line chart layer, do sealing along road Cross Section and process, be converted to vector polygon figure layer; Press the line of vector type information, the polygon type is divided into four classes, be respectively permeable greenery patches face, permeable tile work face, impermeable bituminous sheaths and impermeable concrete surface; Carry out the space stack by road discrete grid block unit and vector polygon and obtain the earth's surface type information of each unit grid., according to conduit flow model overflow node location,, by with the discrete grid block space, superposeing, obtain the link information of grid cell and conduit flow model simultaneously.The initialization of road discrete grid block unit simulation parameter has comprised: the X coordinate of the grid type heart, Y coordinate, elevation numerical value, earth's surface type and the water yield change procedure line that is connected with the one dimensional flow model.
(7.1.3) complete the hydraulic simulation of road graticule Two Dimensional Unsteady under draining analogue simulation system platform, analog result is each grid cell, the depth of water of each time step and flow number, and sample result step-length writing time is 5 minutes, always is lasted for 4 hours; Simultaneously, the total long T consuming time of system operation that two-dimensional analog calculates completed in record;
(7.2) grid conversion precision length and width reduce step by step with the 0.1m step-length, and repeating step (7.1.2) and (7.1.3) calculates respectively waterlogging analogue simulation efficiency index, with the R of minimum
cValue is for selecting the standard of switch grid precision, and the example conversion accuracy is chosen as 0.1m * 0.1m.The meticulous discrete grid block of the road that finally obtains unit can be used as the initial conditions of waterlogging modeling, meets the accurate analog computation requirement of hydraulic model.
Instantiation described in the invention is only to illustrating that basic thought of the present invention is made.Person skilled can be made various modifications and supplement described implementation step, or adopts similar method to substitute.But do not depart from basic thought of the present invention or surmount the scope of appended claims definition.
Claims (2)
1. the meticulous discrete grid block method of the road of municipal drainage analogue simulation system is characterized in that:
Described method comprises following steps successively:
(1) under the Access database platform, by following technical step, extract urban road landform altitude point basic data:
Road landform altitude point data are to describe the road landform to change the basis of details and drawing basics triangle interpolation unit grid, such data come from the basic terrain map of survey and drawing in city, adopt the manual measurement method to observe in the open air and obtain the ground elevation data, convert terrain map of survey and drawing after processing to; According to waterlogging analogue simulation research range, the topomap effective range is carried out cutting, therefrom gather required landform altitude point data, and the standardized A ccess database under the importing platform is stored, as the data basis of road digital elevation model, the tables of data foundation structure of this stored data base system comprises the X coordinate of a data, Y coordinate and elevation field;
(2) under GIS platform, set up landform altitude point diagram layer and the terrain feature line chart layer of vector quantization by following technical step, and complete the spatial coordinate system registration of figure interlayer:
(2.1) road terrain feature line vector figure layer is to describe road profile, divides the basis of different road landform bands; The data source of this vector line chart layer is to pass through after city satellite image map or the conversion of topomap vector, the road terrain feature line vector data of acquisition; The Photoshop with figure layer vector masking-out is applied mechanically under geographical information platform in the storage of this figure layer, and the spatial information of having stored the eigenvector line with and type information;
(2.2) based on landform altitude point coordinate information, import in batches GIS platform, draw vector quantization elevation point diagram layer, and this figure layer coordinate system is set is local coordinate system, on the integration view interface basis of landform altitude point diagram layer and characteristic curve VectorLayer, to coordinate system independently put the layer and the line layer carry out the volume coordinate registration, the registration of volume coordinate is for selecting equally distributed three above landform reference points in survey region, obtain rectangular coordinate system conversion seven parameters, change seven parameters and comprise respectively space coordinates X, three translation parameterss and three rotation parameters of Y and Z direction, and dimensional variation parameter, after origin coordinate system transform, set up the road terrain feature spatial database under unified coordinate system, the volume coordinate match point is chosen as turning point or the joint of feature atural object,
(2.3) the on-the-spot benefit surveyed the characteristic elevation point: in order to improve precision, at first carry out roadway segment, the roadway segment standard is that same segmentation road has identical section crown curve shape, change and the profile grade variation according to the road Cross Section landform, encrypt the landform measurement point, augment topographical surveying point and be arranged in highway sideline and different terrain band border, the measurement on road median border should be avoided the traffic peak period, the road low laying areas is paid close attention to zone as the waterlogging model, needs equally the intensive measurement spot elevation;
(3) under draining analogue simulation system platform, complete the curve fitting process of roadway characteristic landform, and interpolation densified height point, based on generating the validity check of road elevation model, optimize and revise interpolation point quantity and position, and, based on waterlogging simulation calculation efficiency preferred grid precision, finally construct the meticulous discrete grid block of road unit; The process of fitting treatment method of roadway characteristic landform is by calling the actual measurement basic data, carries out following steps through order and completes process of fitting treatment process to road transverse and longitudinal section landform:
(3.1) call the road terrain feature figure layer in model construction zone, comprise elevation point diagram layer and feature line chart layer;
(3.2) road section curve, carry out according to the following steps:
(3.2.1) crown curve match:, by choosing the spot elevation that is positioned on same transversal section, set up the rectangular coordinate system of having a lot of social connections with elevation; According to the symmetry of Slope of Roadway curve and straight line and the tangent characteristics of circle, by road width and altitude figures, match Slope of Roadway curvilinear equation, transversal section equation meet " urban road design criterion " (CJJ37-90) in requirement; According to standard, the forms of road cross section has single carriageway road, dual carriageway road, triple carriageway road and quadri, and different types of road adopts different matched curve types, and matched curve comprises respectively straight-line segment and segment of curve; Single width road horizontal wall inscription is established straight line and is inserted slope, circular curve two sides, and the staight slope gradient is 1%～2%, and circular curve radius is mated formation to have a lot of social connections take monolateral length of tangent line as 1/3-1/4 one side of something and chosen; To establishing the road of parting strip in the middle of road, comprise dual carriageway road and quadri, cancel segment of curve and only do slope, straight line two sides; In the middle of triple carriageway road, main road adopts and the match of single carriageway road same procedure, and staight slope is established on other width roads; Shown in code requirement, to the expression of all kinds road Cross Section, all can simply select crown curve form parabola shaped, that straight line connects parabola shaped or fold-line-shaped; The crown curve shape of considering each section on same road is identical, and just height value is different, therefore,, as long as simulate an equation, increases corresponding difference of elevation constant, can obtain the arbitrary transversal section of road curvilinear equation;
(3.2.2) the match model of profile of road curve is along the rectangular coordinate system of road direction and vertical elevation, adopt subsequently the Local Polynomial method to carry out regretional analysis and curve to the altitude figures of highway sideline measurement point, the matched curve equation is n algebraic polynomial;
Being chosen as of polynomial of degree n carried out preferred from low order to high order, and take Coefficient of determination greater than 0.9 as standard; By building the normal equation group of least square method, Matrix Calculating solves polynomial parameter, thereby obtains characterizing the polynomial equation that the profile of road landform changes; Match vertical curve polynomial expression meets Road Base the design standard, also need finely tune parameter simultaneously, makes matched curve meet the requirement of minimum profile curvature radius R 〉=60m;
Finally by a transversal section matched curve equation respectively at road-center, 1/4 place of having a lot of social connections, have a lot of social connections 3/4 place and road boundary interpolation spot elevation, simultaneously according to road terrain feature vector line chart layer, set up respectively each characteristic boundary and road surface formline matched curve equation, characteristic boundary is parallel with highway sideline with road surface landform curve, and has a unified fluctuations, between band and band, the discrepancy in elevation remains unchanged along road direction, and its curvilinear equation form is expressed as the highway sideline curvilinear equation and adds discrepancy in elevation h;
(4) later step is to encrypt based on the road landform altitude point interpolation of mathematical model;
(4.1) through the above-mentioned landform of road based on design specifications curve fit process process, obtain the matched curve of different terrain line, the road formline comprises road axis, the division border of the 1/4 place's formline of having a lot of social connections, have a lot of social connections 3/4 place's formline, highway sideline and walkway, greenbelt and parting strip etc.; According to the profile of road slope change, adopt different interpolation precisions, expand the spot elevation interpolated sample, when the gradient hour, increase a spot elevation along the sectional curve direction every 1m～3m; When road gradient is large or form the road lowered zones, suitably increase density, increase a spot elevation every 0.1～0.5m, make the pavement of road of generation milder;
(4.2) at different terrain band adjacent, its landform altitude variation has emergent properties, to the very approaching point set data of the double distance of spot elevation interpolation employing of adjacent, the mixed phenomenon of taking of avoiding any network forming of different terrain interband elevation point set to produce;
(5) the elevation point set after encrypting take interpolation is basis, simultaneously, the structure boundary that will have breaks character, mainly comprise highway sideline, curb sideline, sideline, walkway and greening sideline, slope, participates in the foundation of earth's surface Di Luoni triangle irregular network DEM as hard partition line; The validity check of the road landform digital elevation model that forms comprises three aspects: at first each road landform band is answered clean cut, and boundary demarcation is obvious, and except the double tight spot elevation in adjacent landform band junction, its residual point-group can not produce the mixed phenomenon of taking of interband; Secondly single landform band internal strainization is mild, avoids occurring the sudden change sags and crests; , for the terrain feature of wearing part under the up concave type viaduct, need the bridge portion spot elevation artificial removal of bottom landform can be blocked in top when setting up triangle gridding finally, thereby obtain having the TIN DEM model of space height feature representation;
, for the sudden change sags and crests of terrain feature band inside, need processing is deleted or adjusted to point set; Take phenomenon for the interband that occurs is mixed, turn step (4) and carry out, encrypt and optimize and revise sudden change band junction spot elevation quantity and position, reappear and generate triangle grid model, until meet above-mentioned examination requirements;
(6) the irregular road triangulation network digital elevation model that builds based on above-mentioned steps, three-dimensional spatial analysis by Geographic Information System, TIN triangle application linear interpolation method is converted to square regular discrete grid block unit, the grid precision is relevant to waterlogging simulation calculation efficiency, carries out following steps through order and completes the selection of grid precision:
(6.1), based on the road triangle grid model, be converted to the square regular grid of 0.1m * 0.1m by space; Its initial precision is the highest conversion accuracy, uses and changes rear regular grid as draining waterlogging analogue simulation initial conditions, carries out simulation trial, and implementation method is carried out according to the following steps:
(6.1.1) based on local Rain Intensity Formula Based, structure Chicago exceeds standard and designs the rainfall line: use design rainfall line as initial conditions, complete pipe and flow through journey calculation simulation under draining analogue simulation system platform, the result of pipe stream calculation is the inspection chamber of sewerage pipeline network and inlet for stom water overflow water yield graph over time;
(6.1.2), by to different topographic characteristics band vector line chart layer, do sealing along road Cross Section and process, be converted to vector polygon figure layer; Press the line of vector type information, the polygon type is divided into four classes, is respectively permeable greenery patches face, permeable tile work face, impermeable bituminous sheaths and impermeable concrete surface; Carry out the space stack by road discrete grid block unit and vector polygon and obtain the earth's surface type information of each unit grid,, simultaneously according to conduit flow model overflow node location,, by with the discrete grid block space, superposeing, obtain the link information of grid cell and conduit flow model; The initialization of road discrete grid block unit simulation parameter has comprised: the X coordinate of the grid type heart, Y coordinate, elevation numerical value, earth's surface type and the water yield change procedure line that is connected with the one dimensional flow model;
(6.1.3) complete the hydraulic simulation of road graticule Two Dimensional Unsteady under draining analogue simulation system platform, analog result is each grid cell, the depth of water of each time step and flow number; Simultaneously, result has also comprised the total long T consuming time of system operation that completes two-dimensional analog calculating; Extract earth's surface least favorable grid cell analog computation depth of water temporal evolution graph;
(6.2) grid conversion precision length and width reduce step by step with the 0.1m step-length, repeating step (5.1.2) and (5.1.3), and lowest accuracy is take 3m * 3m as end condition; With least favorable grid center coordinate under 0.1m * 0.1m precision, extract same position grid cell under current precision and calculate depth of water change procedure line, calculate waterlogging analogue simulation efficiency index R
c, computing formula is:
In formula, R
cFor analogue simulation efficiency index under current precision, W
TAnd W
h, for moving total long weight coefficient consuming time and calculating depth of water deviation weight coefficient, get respectively and do 0.3 and 0.7; T
cAnd T
0.1Be respectively current grid precision and 0.1m * total length consuming time of 0.1m precision Imitating operation;
th
cWith
th
0.1Be respectively t constantly, under current grid precision and 0.1m * 0.1m precision, the least favorable grid cell of same position calculates the waterflooding depth of water; N is analog computation hop count when total;
(6.3) the efficiency index R under 0.1m * 0.1m precision
cBe 0, reduce after precision efficiency index may on the occasion of or negative value, the selection of switch grid precision is with the R of minimum
cValue is criterion.
2. the meticulous discrete grid block construction method of the road of municipal drainage analogue simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the earth's surface least favorable grid cell in described step (6.1.3) is analogue simulation in the period, calculates the grid cell of waterflooding depth of water numerical value maximum.
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