CN114398746B - Construction method of equivalent drainage pipe network for earth surface overflow - Google Patents

Construction method of equivalent drainage pipe network for earth surface overflow Download PDF

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CN114398746B
CN114398746B CN202210293721.0A CN202210293721A CN114398746B CN 114398746 B CN114398746 B CN 114398746B CN 202210293721 A CN202210293721 A CN 202210293721A CN 114398746 B CN114398746 B CN 114398746B
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薛丰昌
信佳岑
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Nanjing Chenxiang Space Information Technology Co ltd
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method of an equivalent drainage pipe network of an earth surface overflow flow, which comprises the following steps: s1, obtaining the digital elevation model of the selected area, determining the grid side length, reading the corner point coordinate (x) of the lower left corner of each grid i ,y i ) And height value H i (ii) a S2, determining the virtual pipeline trend between adjacent grids by taking each grid as a central grid according to the elevation difference between the central grid and the adjacent grid; s3, calculating the water inlet coordinate (X) of the virtual pipeline in each grid 1i ,Y 1i ) (ii) a S4, calculating the virtual pipeline water inlet coordinate (X) of the adjacent grids 2t ,Y 2t ) (ii) a Using co-ordinates (X) simultaneously 2t ,Y 2t ) Replacing the original water inlet coordinates of the adjacent grid as new central grid coordinates; s5, determining the connection relation of each virtual pipeline; s6, acquiring the bottom elevation of each virtual pipeline water inlet; s7, setting attribute fields for the virtual pipe. The invention provides an equivalent drainage pipe network construction method for earth surface cross flow simulation.

Description

Construction method of equivalent drainage pipe network for earth surface overflow
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drainage pipe network construction method, in particular to an earth surface overflow equivalent drainage pipe network construction method.
Background
After the rainfall falls to the ground, four directions are formed, wherein the first is infiltration, namely, the rainfall penetrates into the soil; second, vegetation is trapped, namely, is retained on the surface of vegetation; the third is surface depression, namely, small depressions on the surface accumulate a part of rainwater, and the fourth is surface runoff, namely, the water quantity flowing on the surface is deducted from the three parts, and the flow of the part of water exists in the form of surface overflow, so the surface overflow is also called.
In the prior art, a plurality of researches and applications (for example, a patent: CN 113673067A) are provided for modeling and expressing an existing underground pipe network, and the technology solves the problem that how the existing drainage pipe network in the real world is convenient for computer retrieval and calculation, and essentially belongs to an information management technology. Surface runoff is the main rainwater component forming urban waterlogging, and in the existing simulation technology of the surface runoff, only the water flow direction and the water flow continuity can be solved at present, and the dynamic, continuous and high-resolution quantitative expression of the surface overflow process cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for constructing an earth surface overflow equivalent drainage pipe network, which is high in calculation speed and accuracy.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses an equivalent virtual drainage pipe network construction method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, obtaining the digital elevation model of the selected area, determining the grid side length of the digital elevation model, and reading the corner coordinates (x) of the lower left corner of each grid of the data i ,y i ) Elevation H of the sum grid i
S2, determining the virtual pipeline trend between adjacent grids by taking each grid as a central grid according to the elevation difference between the central grid and the adjacent grid;
s3, calculating the water inlet coordinate (X) of the virtual pipeline in each grid 1i ,Y 1i );
S4, calculating the virtual pipeline water inlet coordinate (X) of the adjacent grids 2t ,Y 2t ) (ii) a Using co-ordinates (X) simultaneously 2t ,Y 2t ) Replacing the original water inlet coordinates of the adjacent grid as new central grid coordinates;
s5, determining the connection relation of each virtual pipeline;
s6, acquiring the bottom elevation of each virtual pipeline water inlet;
and S7, setting attribute fields for the virtual pipeline, and giving serial numbers, bottom elevation, gradient and pipe diameter of water inlets at two ends of the virtual pipeline.
Further, in step S2, any center grid n in the digital elevation model is identified i Eight grids of upper, upper right, lower left, and upper left are used as neighborhoods and are respectively set as n i1 、n i2 、n i3 、n i4 、n i5 、n i6 、n i7 、n i8 Respectively calculating the center grid n i Height of eight grids adjacent theretoA stroke fall;
if the elevation drop is a negative value, surface water flows towards the direction;
If both are negative values, the surface water flows in the direction of the lowest value.
Further, in the step S3, the lower left corner (x) of the starting grid is determined according to the grid data obtained in the step S1 i ,y i ) And calculating the coordinate of the central point of the grid as the coordinate of the water inlet of the virtual pipeline, wherein the calculation expression of the coordinate of the water inlet of the virtual pipeline is as follows:
Figure 880268DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein a is the grid side length.
Further, in step S4, based on the different flow directions of the virtual pipes, for any central grid, based on the water flow direction determined in step S2, the water inlet coordinates of the virtual pipes in the adjacent grids are calculated with the central grid coordinates as the reference:
if the flow direction is towards the north, the X coordinate is unchanged, and the Y coordinate is increased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is 45 degrees to the north and the east, the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is increased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is towards the east direction, the Y coordinate is unchanged, and the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction;
if the flow direction is 45 degrees towards the south and the east, the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is decreased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction faces the south, the X coordinate is unchanged, and the Y coordinate is reduced by a unit length in the vertical direction;
If the flow direction is 45 degrees to the south and the west, the X coordinate is reduced by one unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is reduced by one unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is towards the positive west direction, the Y coordinate is unchanged, and the X coordinate is reduced by one unit length in the horizontal direction;
if the direction of flow is 45 deg. off the west towards the north, the X coordinate is decreased by one unit length in the horizontal direction and the Y coordinate is increased by one unit length in the vertical direction.
Further, in the step S5, with (X) 1i ,Y 1i ) As a starting point, (X) 2t ,Y 2t ) The two points are connected as directed line segments as termination points, and the directed line segments are equivalent drainage pipelines of the earth surface between grids where the two coordinates are located.
Further, in step S6, traverse the DEM in the study area, read the elevation values and the coordinates of the corner points at the lower left corner of all the DEM grids, calculate the coordinates of the center point of the grids, and calculate the elevation value H i Assigning to DEM grid n i The water inlet with the coordinate of the central point consistent is the upper bottom elevation U of the water inlet; setting the grid n according to actual conditions i And (3) calculating the lower bottom elevation B after depth is depth:
Figure 414017DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
while assigning numbers to the water inlets and pipes.
Further, in the step S7, by matching the initial and final coordinates of the water inlet of the virtual pipe, the two ends of the virtual pipe are assigned with the same water inlet number and the same bottom elevation as the water inlet coordinate; calculating the gradient of the pipeline by utilizing the ratio of the elevation difference Ei of a water inlet and a water outlet connected with the pipeline to the side length a of the DEM grid:
Figure 484873DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Furthermore, a plurality of earth surface runoff monitoring points are arranged in a research area, comparison is carried out according to actual monitored runoff and the runoff calculated by the virtual pipeline, and the size of the pipe diameter is dynamically adjusted until the difference between the actual monitored runoff and the runoff calculated by the virtual pipeline is smaller than a set threshold value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects:
1. according to the method, starting from a natural phenomenon of simulating surface flooding, the side length of grids is determined by obtaining a digital elevation model of a selected area, each grid is used as a central grid, the direction of a virtual pipeline between adjacent grids is determined according to the elevation drop of the central grid and the adjacent grids, the water inlet coordinate of the virtual pipeline in each grid is calculated, the water inlet coordinate of the virtual pipeline of the adjacent grids is calculated, the connection relation of each virtual pipeline is determined, the technical links such as the attribute field of the virtual pipeline are set, and the like, so that the method for constructing the virtual pipe network capable of being used for the equivalent simulation calculation of the surface flooding process is realized, and the refinement degree of the dynamic simulation of the surface flooding is improved;
2. the invention provides a method for constructing an earth surface overflow equivalent drainage pipe network, which is high in calculation speed and accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a digital elevation model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the center grid and the adjacent grids;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of coordinates of the water inlet of the pipeline in the equivalent pipe network according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the orientation of the pipes in the equivalent drainage network of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention extracting the center point of DEM raster data as the water inlet in the equivalent drainage pipe network;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent drain pipe network generated by coordinates of a water outlet in the equivalent drain pipe of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the construction method of the present invention is specifically implemented as follows:
step one, acquiring a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of a research area, determining the side length a (unit, m) of a DEM grid, and reading the coordinates (x) of the corner points at the lower left corner of each grid of DEM data i ,y i ) And elevation value H of each grid i (unit: m). A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is shown in fig. 2.
Step two, determining the direction of the pipeline in the equivalent pipe network
Any grid n in DEM i Eight grids of upper, upper right, lower left, upper left as neighborhoods are respectively set as n i1 、n i2 、n i3 、n i4 、n i5 、n i6 、n i7 、n i8 . In a 3 × 3 local window, compute the center grid n i Eight grids n adjacent thereto ij (j =1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8) the elevation drop of the central grid in relation to the adjacent grids is as shown in fig. 3. If the elevation drop is a negative value, the surface water flows towards the direction; if the values are negative, the surface water flows towards the direction of the lowest value, the elevation drop calculation between all adjacent grids is completed, and the virtual pipeline trend between the adjacent grids is formed, as shown in fig. 5.
Step three, calculating the coordinates of the water inlets of the pipelines in the equivalent pipe network
Traversing the raster data to obtain the corner point (x) at the lower left corner of each grid i ,y i ) Calculating the center point of each grid according to the formula (1),
Figure 977034DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(1)
and calculating the elevation value H of the grid i Giving the central point as the central grid n of the equivalent drainage pipe network i In (1) virtual
The water inlet of the pipeline has the coordinate of (X) 1i ,Y 1i ) As shown in fig. 4.
Step four, respectively calculating the water inlet coordinates (X) of the equivalent pipe networks of the adjacent grids of all the central grids 2t ,Y 2t
If the flow direction is towards the north, the X coordinate is unchanged, and the Y coordinate is increased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is 45 degrees to the north and the east, the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is increased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
If the flow direction is towards the east direction, the Y coordinate is unchanged, and the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction;
if the flow direction is 45 degrees towards the south and the east, the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is decreased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction faces the south, the X coordinate is unchanged, and the Y coordinate is reduced by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is 45 degrees to the south and the west, the X coordinate is reduced by one unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is reduced by one unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is towards the positive west direction, the Y coordinate is unchanged, and the X coordinate is reduced by one unit length in the horizontal direction;
if the direction of flow is 45 deg. off the west towards the north, the X coordinate is decreased by one unit length in the horizontal direction and the Y coordinate is increased by one unit length in the vertical direction, as shown in fig. 5.
The coordinate values in each direction are as follows:
Figure 297288DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 916619DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is a unit length in the horizontal direction,
Figure 622407DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is a unit length in the vertical direction.
After the calculation is completed, the coordinate (X) is used 2t ,Y 2t ) Replacing the original water inlet coordinates of the adjacent grid as new center grid coordinates (X' 1i ,Y’ 1i ) (ii) a And calculating water inlet coordinates (X ') of equivalent pipe networks of adjacent grids of the new center grid according to equations (2) - (9)' 2t ,Y’ 2t ) And calculating the coordinates of all central grid points by analogy.
The central point of the DEM raster data is extracted to be used as a water inlet in the equivalent drainage pipe network, as shown in FIG. 6, and the coordinates of the water inlet are calculated and shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Water entry coordinates
Figure 770623DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Step five, determining the connection relation of the pipelines in the equivalent pipe network
With (X) 1i ,Y 1i ) As a starting point, (X) 2t ,Y 2t ) Connecting two points as a directional line segment for the termination point, namely the equivalent drainage pipeline of the earth surface between the grids where the two coordinates are located. Connecting all coordinates (X ') obtained in step four in sequence' 1i ,Y’ 1i ) And
(X’ 2t ,Y’ 2t ) And completing the connection of the pipelines in the equivalent pipe network.
Step six, acquiring the elevation B of the lower bottom of each water inlet
Traversing the DEM of the research area, reading the elevation values and the corner point coordinates at the lower left corner of all DEM grids, calculating the coordinates of the center point of each grid according to a formula (1), and calculating the elevation value H i Assigning to DEM grid n i The water inlet with the same central point coordinate is the upper and lower elevation U (unit: m). Setting the grid n according to actual conditions i After depth (unit: m), calculating the lower bottom elevation B (unit: m) according to the formula (10), and simultaneously assigning the water inlet and the pipeline with the numbers:
Figure 561861DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
(10)。
step seven, endowing the equivalent pipe network with the attributes of the pipelines
And setting attribute fields for the virtual pipeline, and sequentially giving serial numbers of water inlets at two ends of the pipeline and necessary parameters of the virtual pipeline such as lower bottom elevation, gradient, pipe diameter and the like.
(71) Pipeline two-end water inlet number and lower bottom elevation
By matching the initial coordinate, the termination coordinate and the water inlet coordinate of the virtual pipeline, the two ends of the virtual pipeline are endowed with the water inlet number and the lower bottom elevation which are the same as the water inlet coordinate.
(72) Pipe gradient (Slope)
Calculating the gradient of the pipeline by utilizing the ratio of the elevation difference Ei of a water inlet and a water outlet connected with the virtual pipeline to the side length a of the DEM grid:
Figure 171834DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
(11)。
(73) pipe diameter
In the actual application of the virtual pipeline, a plurality of earth surface runoff monitoring points are arranged in a research area, and the pipe diameter is adjusted according to the actually monitored runoff and the runoff difference value calculated by the virtual pipeline until the difference between the actually monitored runoff and the runoff calculated by the virtual pipeline is smaller than a certain threshold value. The initial setting pipe diameter is 20 cm.
And finally, generating an equivalent drain pipe network according to the coordinates of the water outlets in the equivalent drain pipe network, as shown in fig. 7.
In conclusion, the equivalent virtual drainage pipe network for the earth surface cross flow can form a calculation carrier, and the dynamic, continuous and high-resolution quantitative expression of the earth surface cross flow process is realized.

Claims (8)

1. A method for constructing an equivalent drainage pipe network of surface overflow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, obtaining the digital elevation model of the selected area, determining the grid side length of the digital elevation model, reading the corner coordinates (x) of the lower left corner of each grid in the data i ,y i ) Elevation H of the sum grid i
S2, determining the virtual pipeline trend between adjacent grids by taking each grid as a central grid according to the elevation difference between the central grid and the adjacent grid;
s3, calculating the water inlet coordinate (X) of the virtual pipeline in each grid 1i ,Y 1i );
S4, calculating the virtual pipeline water inlet coordinate (X) of the adjacent grids 2t ,Y 2t ) (ii) a Using co-ordinates (X) simultaneously 2t ,Y 2t ) Replacing the original water inlet coordinates of the adjacent grid as new central grid coordinates;
s5, determining the connection relation of each virtual pipeline;
s6, acquiring the bottom elevation of each virtual pipeline water inlet;
and S7, setting attribute fields for the virtual pipeline, and giving serial numbers, bottom elevation, gradient and pipe diameter of water inlets at two ends of the virtual pipeline.
2. The method for constructing an earth surface cross-flow equivalent drainage pipe network according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, any central grid n in the digital elevation model is divided into two or more grids i Eight grids of upper, upper right, lower left, and upper left are used as neighborhoods and are respectively set as n i1 、n i2 、n i3 、n i4 、n i5 、n i6 、n i7 、n i8 Respectively calculating the center grid n i The elevation drop of eight grids adjacent to the grid;
if the elevation drop is a negative value, surface water flows towards the direction;
if the elevation drop is a negative value, the surface water flows towards the direction of the lowest value.
3. The method for constructing an earth surface cross-flow equivalent drainage pipe network according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the corner point (x) at the lower left corner of the initial grid is obtained according to the grid data obtained in the step S1 i ,y i ) And calculating the coordinate of the central point of the grid as the coordinate of the water inlet of the virtual pipeline, wherein the calculation expression of the coordinate of the water inlet of the virtual pipeline is as follows:
Figure 962032DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein a is the grid side length.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the water inlet coordinates of the virtual pipes in the adjacent grids are calculated based on the center grid coordinates for any center grid according to the water flow direction determined in step S2, based on the different flow directions of the virtual pipes:
if the flow direction is towards the north, the X coordinate is unchanged, and the Y coordinate is increased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is 45 degrees to the north and the east, the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is increased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
If the flow direction is towards the east direction, the Y coordinate is unchanged, and the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction;
if the flow direction is 45 degrees towards the south and the east, the X coordinate is increased by a unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is decreased by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction faces the south, the X coordinate is unchanged, and the Y coordinate is reduced by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is 45 degrees towards south and west, the X coordinate is reduced by a unit length in the horizontal direction, and the Y coordinate is reduced by a unit length in the vertical direction;
if the flow direction is towards the positive west direction, the Y coordinate is unchanged, and the X coordinate is reduced by one unit length in the horizontal direction;
if the direction of flow is 45 deg. off the west towards the north, the X coordinate is decreased by one unit length in the horizontal direction and the Y coordinate is increased by one unit length in the vertical direction.
5. The method for constructing an earth surface cross-flow equivalent drainage pipe network according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the step (X) is performed 1i ,Y 1i ) As a starting point, (X) 2t ,Y 2t ) The two points are connected as directed line segments as termination points, and the directed line segments are equivalent drainage pipelines of the earth surface between grids where the two coordinates are located.
6. The method for constructing an earth surface cross-flow equivalent drainage pipe network according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the DEM of the research area is traversed, and the elevation values of all DEM grids are read Coordinates of corner points at lower left corner, coordinates of center point of the grid, and height value H i Endow with DEM grid n i The water inlet with the coordinate of the central point consistent is the upper bottom elevation U of the water inlet; setting the grid n according to actual conditions i And (3) calculating the lower bottom elevation B after depth is depth:
Figure 410331DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
while assigning numbers to the water inlets and pipes.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, by matching the start and end coordinates of the virtual pipe, the two ends of the virtual pipe are assigned with the same water inlet number and the same elevation of the bottom thereof as the water inlet coordinates; calculating the gradient of the pipeline by utilizing the ratio of the elevation difference Ei of a water inlet and a water outlet connected with the pipeline to the side length a of the DEM grid:
Figure 924489DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
8. the method of constructing an earth surface cross-flow equivalent drainage pipe network of claim 7,
and arranging a plurality of surface runoff monitoring points in a research area, comparing the actual monitored runoff with the runoff calculated by the virtual pipeline, and dynamically adjusting the pipe diameter until the difference between the actual monitored runoff and the runoff calculated by the virtual pipeline is less than a set threshold value.
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CN110298076A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-10-01 广州奥格智能科技有限公司 A kind of urban waterlogging intelligent modeling and analysis method based on GIS and SWMM
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