CN103761375A - Method for calibrating tidal flat DEM (digital elevation model) on basis of remote sensing water lines - Google Patents
Method for calibrating tidal flat DEM (digital elevation model) on basis of remote sensing water lines Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calibrating a tidal flat DEM (digital elevation model) on the basis of remote sensing water lines. The method includes particular steps of collecting multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing images of tidal flat regions and extracting the water lines; building an initial DEM according to historical terrain data; building a two-dimensional tidal level numerical simulation model on the basis of the initial DEM and verifying the model by the aid of measured tidal station data; computing tidal flat exposure regions at acquisition moments of the corresponding remote sensing images by the aid of the two-dimensional tidal level numerical simulation model, comparing the tidal flat exposure regions to the water lines at the corresponding moments, comparing the tidal flat exposure regions to a next water line if the tidal flat exposure regions are matched with the previous water lines, or correcting the tidal flat exposure regions if the tidal flat exposure regions are not matched the previous water lines; calibrating the DEM by the aid of the multiple water lines by the same process, matching all the water lines with the exposure regions computed by the aid of the two-dimensional tidal level numerical simulation model and outputting the optimal result of the DEM. The method has the advantages that the optimal realistic DEM data can be generated for the tidal flat regions with shortage in terrain data, the method is speedy, efficient, simple and feasible, and operation is convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line, for landform, change tidal flat region rapidly especially and build the DEM that meets present situation.
Background technology
Tidal flat is as a kind of land resource of dynamic instability, be subject to Global climate change, sea level variation and the effect of human activity, Landform Evolution often shows the features such as the large silt of favourable opposition, erosion and deposition be changeable, the great changes that its landform has often just occurred at short notice, landform (DEM) data in the past can not meet the demand of present situation, conscientiously need to study a kind of simple method of tidal flat DEM Real-time Obtaining.The main method of obtaining at present tidal flat landform (DEM) has 4 kinds: the elevation inverting of field survey, airborne survey, remote sensing image and the information combined technology of remote sensing image flowage line.
Field survey is the common method of setting up ground elevation inverting.At present, by ground, adjust Check (as spirit-leveling instrument, total powerstation, carrier phase difference measuring technique etc.) can obtain the tidal flat elevation information (Mitasova H et al., 2003) that precision reaches centimetre-sized.But variable coastal zone tidal flat is wide, beach face is muddy, tidal creek gathers, tidal flat erosion and deposition is changeable, sea situation complexity, the method impact such as beach face situation and weather, Daylength and morning and evening tides of making moist is larger, is difficult to set up fast, all sidedly tidal flat landform (DEM) on a large scale, and human and material resources drop into huge, are not suitable for large-area landform and monitor continuously.
It is better that airborne survey (airborne laser is surveyed and range measurement system LiDAR technology) can obtain precision, ground elevation information (Guo Q H et al., 2010) in a big way, but be subject to all restrictions for tidal flat area.The smooth enforcement of LiDAR technology need to be by good weather condition and tidal conditions, and due to the tidal cycle change, the reason such as water transparency is low, be difficult to obtain the especially elevation information of subtidal zone of whole mesolittoral zone.LiDAR technology: history data accumulation is few, production cost is high, has restricted its applied research in the historical dynamic evolution law-analysing of tidal flat.
Elevation inverting based on satellite image data mainly depends on radar interference measurement and optical image is measured two kinds of means.Satellite interferometry can be obtained ground summary info extremely on a large scale, support to build large scale earth's surface elevation model, precise monitoring is carried out in deformation over the ground simultaneously, but it is all lower on vertical precision and horizontal accuracy, during for the inverting of tidal flat elevation, because high-moisture chiltern surface is for corresponding reason (the Mason D C et al. such as poor of radar signal radiation, 1998), cause its effect in the elevation inverting of mud aleuritic texture tidal flat beach face poor, and be difficult to cover whole mesolittoral zone, therefore cannot meet application requirements; Use satellite optical image data to carry out ground elevation measurement, also there is the feature that coverage is large, under given conditions, by building depth of water model, also can carry out Water Depth Information inverting (Jerlov N G, 1976; Paredes J M et al., 1983; Party's lucky star etc., 2003; Huang Jiazhu etc., 2002; Shen Yongming etc., 2009; Tian Qing waits so long, and 2007; Zhang Ying etc., 2009), but the method has lower vertical and horizontal accuracy equally, observation requires without cloud environment, therefore be limited to weather conditions, the image negligible amounts meeting the demands for same study area, and method operating process more complicated, be difficult to cover region, whole mesolittoral zone, in different study areas, be difficult to guarantee to stablize practical inversion accuracy.
Flowage line complex technique is having unique advantage aspect the inverting of historical tidal flat elevation, cost and measurement environment requirement, and can cover region, whole mesolittoral zone, is therefore comparatively applicable to carrying out large-scale variable tidal flat Geography monitor.Its principle is using flowage line as the altitude gauge of measuring tidal flat region elevation, the tidal flat flowage line in satellite imagery moment has reflected the instantaneous state in satellite imagery moment land and water, the horizontal level of land and water boundary line determines by flowage line, and vertical height information is from the tidal height in imaging moment.If can obtain the tidal flat remote sensing image of sufficient amount in different tide levels, therefrom extract flowage line in conjunction with Instantaneous Sea Level height, can build accordingly tidal flat DEM (patent CN102496185A, CN102436679A; Mason D C et al., 2001; Blott S Jet al., 2004; Anthony E Jet al., 2008; Heygster G et al., 2010; Han Zhen etc. 2009; Zheng Zongsheng etc., 2007; Zhang Ming etc., 2010; Hu Wei, 2012).
Current flowage line complex technique also exists following key issue to need to solve:
1. the time span problem of remote sensing image.
The information combined technical requirement of flowage line gathers imaging under tranquil weather condition, good, the abundant remote sensing image of quality within the enough short time period.And coastal zone meteorological condition complexity, the factors such as sexual intercourse snow haze are to large (Yamano Hetal., 2006) of remote optical sensing Imaging, and the property obtained of remote sensing image data has limited the expansion of research.The time interval (be often 2 years even longer) of multi-temporal remote sensing image is often ignored in forefathers' research.And Beach geomorphology is obvious in the interior variation of distance in short-term, the remote sensing image of how collecting at short notice under more not cotidal and co-ranged is the primary key issue that needs solution.
2. flowage line assignment problem
For region (bay, zonule, river estuary tidal flat) among a small circle, can directly regard the water surface as plane, using the observation data at some tidal level station as region sea level height, thereby using flowage line as level line processing.DEM construction method (CN102496185A, the CN102436679A) tidal height that patent merges based on multiple-spatial resolution remote sensing image discrete point determines that method relies on the minimum climax of the tidal table at single station to carry out temporal interpolation and obtains.But for tidal flat region, large region, imaging moment Instantaneous Sea Level on-plane surface, and be curved surface, need more in depth to consider the spatial variations of tidal level, researcher can adopt ocean water dynamic model to address this problem, realize real-time sea level height simulation, and then give flowage line assignment, build DEM.But, in this method, Hydrodynamic Model itself just needs topographic(al) data as input data, and the topographic(al) data often adopting is the mapping in former years, can not reflect the Essential Geomorphic present situation of current tidal flat, its result of calculation just causes error ratio larger directly to flowage line assignment.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line, overcome the problems such as the measurement difficulty, poor in timeliness, the precision that exist in existing DEM construction method be uncontrollable, by the continuous correction of DEM, realize fitting like a glove between Hydrodynamic Model and remote sensing flowage line, improve DEM and build precision, and this method can be based on outmoded landform by the calibration correction of flowage line, obtain the up-to-date terrain data (DEM) that can reflect tidal flat present situation, meet the demand of Real-Time Monitoring.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
A tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: collect the remote sensing image of the multi-source multidate in tidal flat region, extract flowage line;
Step 2: arrange the historical topographic(al) data in tidal flat region, build initial dem data;
Step 3: build the two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator in tidal flat region using initial dem data as basic data, and utilize the measured data at tidal level station in region to verify model;
Step 4: the tidal flat exposure region that utilizes two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator to calculate to inscribe when corresponding remote sensing image obtains;
Step 5: the exposure region that the flowage line of inscribing during by correspondence and two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator calculate is analyzed, comprise two kinds of situations: the first is that exposure region that model calculates does not comprise the inner tidal flat region surrounding of all flowage lines, now the height value needs+△ h in exposure region not; The second is that the exposure region that model calculates has exceeded flowage line, height value needs-△ h in the exposure region now exceeding; △ h is just made as 0.1m;
Step 6: according to the height value after adjusting, initial dem data is revised, and re-entered two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator, the process of repeating step 5, until flowage line and exposure region coincide;
Step 7: all flowage lines are carried out to calibration by the method for step 5, step 6 to DEM, until that the exposure region that all flowage lines and two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator calculate completes is identical, output DEM optimal result.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, the remote sensing image of the multidate of multi-source described in step 1 is that spatial resolution is the remote sensing image of each time of tide of 30 meters in half a year, and the TM/ETM+/OLI image take HJ-1A/1B image of environment and disaster monitoring forecast small satellite constellation as main, the serial satellite of Landsat is as auxiliary; The extraction of described flowage line adopts the object-oriented space characteristics extraction module in ENVI, and by flowage line data input ArcGIS software.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, the space interpolation in ArcGIS software of initial dem data described in step 2 builds, and its spatial resolution and remote sensing image are suitable.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, the structure scope of two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator described in step 3 is residing marine site, tidal flat region, and its rectangular node resolution is 30m*30m.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, the exposure of tidal flat described in step 4 region is with the form input ArcGIS software of rectangular node.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, the comparative analysis in the exposure region that the flowage line of inscribing when corresponding described in step 5 and model calculate is carried out in ArcGIS software, and the grid of initial DEM is traveled through, and analyzes the state of each grid, adjust its height value, obtain new dem data.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, it is DEM calibration process from the old to the new, utilize the continuous correction of DEM, take mutually agreeing with as target of remote sensing flowage line and kinetic model, the optimization that completes DEM is upgraded, make its landforms present situation that can reflect current tidal flat, by the method, can realize the Real-Time Monitoring of large area tidal flat.The present invention has utilized the feature of the Process Character that feature that actuality, the area coverage of remote sensing image is large and Hydrodynamic Model can analog sea change, utilize topographic(al) data DEM to be coupled together both, can obtain optimized DEM, also can get the tidal level numerical simulator in applicable this marine site, realize doulbe-sides' victory.The technology of the present invention simple possible, easy to operate, the topographic(al) data that efficiently solves the variable tidal flat of large area obtains difficult problem, practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the collection of remote sensing image and the extraction process flow diagram of flowage line.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram that builds initial DEM.
Fig. 4 is structure and the modeling process chart of two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator.
Fig. 5 is the calibration process flow diagram of DEM.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
A tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
1. the remote sensing image of collecting the multi-source multidate in tidal flat region, extracts flowage line, as shown in Figure 2; The remote sensing image of multi-source multidate is that spatial resolution is the remote sensing image of each time of tide of 30 meters in half a year, and the TM/ETM+/OLI image take HJ-1A/1B image of environment and disaster monitoring forecast small satellite constellation as main, the serial satellite of Landsat is as auxiliary; Image is carried out after the pre-service of geometric correction and figure image intensifying, adopt the Feature Extraction module in the object-oriented space in ENVI to carry out flowage line extraction, result is inputted to ArcGIS software and set up waterside line chart layer Shapefile-Polyline, and carry out aftertreatment, obtain one group of flowage line data of complete many time of tide.
2. the historical topographic(al) data that arranges tidal flat region, builds initial dem data, as shown in Figure 3; Historical topographic(al) data based on tidal flat region carries out digitizing in ArcGIS software, extract sea-bottom contour and depth measurement point, space interpolation builds the DEM in whole region, and its spatial resolution and remote sensing image are suitable, and generates the mesh file of the two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator of input.
3. using initial DEM as basic data, build the two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator in tidal flat region, and utilize the tidal level station data of actual measurement to verify model, calculate the tidal flat exposure region of inscribing when corresponding remote sensing image obtains, as shown in Figure 4; By the mesh file of region landform, acquisition time, water level boundary condition and the roughness file of remote sensing image, the two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator of structure based on Mike21, by verifying rear calculating tidal flat exposure region, and with rectangular node form input ArcGIS software.
4. as shown in Figure 5, the calibration flow process of DEM is: the exposure region that the flowage line that inscribe during by correspondence (1) and model calculate is analyzed, comprise two kinds of possibilities: the first is that exposure region that model calculates does not comprise the inner tidal flat region surrounding of all flowage lines, now the height value needs+△ h in exposure region not; The second is that the exposure region that model calculates has exceeded flowage line, height value needs-△ h in the exposure region now exceeding; △ h is just made as 0.1m; (2) according to the height value after adjusting, initial dem data is revised, and re-entered two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator, the process of repeating step 5, until flowage line and exposure region coincide; (3) all flowage lines are carried out to calibration by the method for step 5, step 6 to DEM, until that the exposure region that all flowage lines and two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator calculate completes is identical, output DEM optimal result.
According to above-mentioned steps, DEM structure is carried out in actual tidal flat region, first collect the remote sensing image of the multi-source multidate in tidal flat region, extract flowage line; Then the historical topographic(al) data that arranges tidal flat region, builds initial dem data; Using initial DEM as basic data, build the two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator in tidal flat region, and utilize the tidal level station data of actual measurement to verify model; With two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator, calculate the tidal flat exposure region of inscribing when corresponding remote sensing image obtains, the exposure region that the flowage line of inscribing during by correspondence and model calculate is analyzed, contrast coincide and carries out the contrast of next flowage line, and contrast is misfitted and revised until coincide; Many flowage lines are carried out to calibration to DEM by this method, and the exposure region that final all flowage lines and two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator calculate completes identical, output DEM optimal result.
The above; it is only the embodiment in the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any people who is familiar with this technology is in the disclosed technical scope of the present invention; can understand conversion or the replacement expected; all should be encompassed in of the present invention comprise scope within, therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (7)
1. the tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: collect the remote sensing image of the multi-source multidate in tidal flat region, extract flowage line;
Step 2: arrange the historical topographic(al) data in tidal flat region, build initial dem data;
Step 3: build the two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator in tidal flat region using initial dem data as basic data, and utilize the measured data at tidal level station in region to verify model;
Step 4: the tidal flat exposure region that utilizes two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator to calculate to inscribe when corresponding remote sensing image obtains;
Step 5: the exposure region that the flowage line of inscribing during by correspondence and two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator calculate is analyzed, comprise two kinds of situations: the first is that exposure region that model calculates does not comprise the inner tidal flat region surrounding of all flowage lines, now the height value needs+△ h in exposure region not; The second is that the exposure region that model calculates has exceeded flowage line, height value needs-△ h in the exposure region now exceeding; △ h is just made as 0.1m;
Step 6: according to the height value after adjusting, initial dem data is revised, and re-entered two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator, the process of repeating step 5, until flowage line and exposure region coincide;
Step 7: all flowage lines are carried out to calibration by the method for step 5, step 6 to DEM, until that the exposure region that all flowage lines and two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator calculate completes is identical, output DEM optimal result.
2. a kind of tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the remote sensing image of the multidate of multi-source described in step 1 is that spatial resolution is the remote sensing image of each time of tide of 30 meters in half a year, and the TM/ETM+/OLI image take HJ-1A/1B image of environment and disaster monitoring forecast small satellite constellation as main, the serial satellite of Landsat is as auxiliary.
3. a kind of tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the extraction of flowage line described in step 1 adopts the object-oriented space characteristics extraction module in ENVI, and by flowage line data input ArcGIS software.
4. a kind of tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the space interpolation in ArcGIS software of initial dem data described in step 2 builds, and its spatial resolution and remote sensing image are suitable.
5. a kind of tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the structure scope of two-dimentional tidal level numerical simulator described in step 3 is residing marine site, tidal flat region, and its rectangular node resolution is 30m*30m.
6. a kind of tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the exposure of tidal flat described in step 4 region is with the form input ArcGIS software of rectangular node.
7. a kind of tidal flat DEM rating method based on remote sensing flowage line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the comparative analysis in the exposure region that the flowage line of inscribing when corresponding described in step 5 and model calculate is carried out in ArcGIS software, grid to initial DEM travels through, analyze the state of each grid, adjust its height value, obtain new dem data.
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| CN104460343A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Riverway flood inundation simulation method based on water level monitoring data |
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| CN112509134A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-16 | 中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心 | Tidal flat digital elevation model construction method and system |
| CN115100537A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-23 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Tidal energy resource assessment method based on remote sensing image |
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| CN117423002A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-19 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Small-scale tidal flat image processing method based on DEM |
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Application publication date: 20140430 |