CN104008162A - Template based one-button type thematic map automatic forming method and system - Google Patents
Template based one-button type thematic map automatic forming method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a template based one-button type thematic map automatic forming method and system, belonging to the field of computer mapping and relating to the computer automated mapping and mapping synthesized technique. According to the method, a basic data support module comprises a spatial database, a model library and a thematic map mapping template library; the specific mapping steps comprises the follows: establishing the spatial database, selecting content information of the thematic map, establishing the template library, selecting a thematic data representing way, establishing the template library, configuring display information of mapping elements, generating a thematic map configuration XML (Extensive Markup Language) text and analyzing the thematic map configuration XML text, and visually outputting the thematic map configuration XML text. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the thematic mapping efficiency and the mapping accuracy can be improved, the mapping automation and intelligence level can be improved, the thematic map making process can be speeded up, and the manpower, the material resources and the financial resources can be economized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to computer graphics field, relate to computing machine autodraft (Computer-Aided Cartography, be called for short CAC) and cartographic generaliztion technology (Cartographic Generalization), be specifically related to a kind of one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template.
Background technology
To be the mankind grow up gradually map in the process of the understanding earth, is the instrument in the understanding world that creates in social practice of the mankind.Thematic maps (Thematic Map) is as an important branch of map, the a certain or several key elements that represent emphatically in nature or social phenomenon, i.e. the map of certain subject content of concentrated expression, for example mineral resources figure, national map, cultural map etc.On making thematic map process nature, be exactly that spatial position data (base features) and attribute data (thematic key element) are processed to the also process of symbolism.Thematic maps can reflect locus, distribution characteristics and the inherent law of thematic key element better, has a very important role in fields such as economy, environment, geology, ocean, humanities, becomes the indispensable instrument of people and assistant.
Along with the development of infotech and multimedia technology, thematic maps kind is on the increase, application and range of application constantly expand, and development and the actual demand of the autodraft theory and technology of thematic maps differ greatly, and traditional draughtsmanship can not meet actual needs completely.Do not have or the personnel of rare drawing knowledge produce rational thematic maps in order to allow, must further investigate designing and producing of thematic maps, solve gordian technique and problem, thereby reduce Thematic Cartography specialty threshold, improve Thematic Cartography efficiency and range of application.Robotization that thematic maps designs and produces, intellectuality and the rapid problem that becomes drawing expert and need badly solution.
Adopt traditional manual work mode to carry out thematic maps design and fabrication, not only need deep professional knowledge, and inefficiency.Because computer technology occurs and is applied in map making, produced computer aided drawing mode, drawing efficiency significantly improves.And expert system is risen and be applied to during thematic maps designs and produces, robotization and the Study of intelligent of thematic maps design and fabrication are started thus, improved to a certain extent the automaticity that thematic maps designs and produces, but its robotization, intelligent level still have to be hoisted.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems such as the design process complexity, the fabrication cycle that exist in making thematic map process are long, drawing efficiency is low, realize high-speeding, simplification and the robotization of making thematic map, the invention provides a kind of one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template.The method is according to computer aided drawing, Thematic Cartography principle technology and Software Integration Technique, follow " geographical entity abstract---foundation of spatial database---thematic maps contents selection---thematic data method for expressing is chosen---thematic maps stencil design---one-touch automatic mapping " step carry out high-speeding, the automatic batch production of thematic maps.
Technical scheme of the present invention is the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template, and its basic data supporting module comprises spatial database, model bank and making thematic map template base, and specifically one-tenth figure step comprises:
S1: set up spatial database, comprise luv space data and thematic maps data;
S2: choose thematic maps content information from spatial database, generate thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file;
S3: set up model bank, this model bank comprises thematic data transaction module and symbol plotting model;
S4: choose thematic data method for expressing from model bank, generate thematic data method for expressing XML file;
S5: set up making thematic map template base, wherein, making thematic map template comprises multiple drawing element;
S6: by parameter configuration mode, the element that charts from making thematic map template base shows the configuration of information, generates thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file;
S7: thematic maps content information configuration XML file, thematic data method for expressing XML file and thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file are carried out to optimal treatment, generate thematic maps configuration XML text, resolve thematic maps configuration XML text and carry out visual output, realizing the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping based on template.
In the above-mentioned one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template, further, the spatial database that step S1 sets up specifically comprises the steps:
S11, sets up the conceptual model of Spatial Database Systems and application system
S12, is converted to logical model by conceptual model, its function and performance is evaluated, and optimized
On the basis of conceptual design, according to different conversion methods, conceptual model is converted to the process of the data model of concrete DBMS support, derive the logical organization (or external schema) of the accessible geographical data bank of concrete DBMS, comprise contact, security, integrality and consistency constraint etc. between specified data item, record and record.Can whether the logical organization of further considering derivation be consistent with conceptual schema, meet user's requirement, its function and performance evaluated, and optimized;
S13, sets up the physical model of spatial database according to logical organization, its physical storage structure comprises file memory format, file storage structure, file access path and file storage etc.
S14, sets up the data Layer of spatial database;
The data of spatial database are divided into different data Layers by logical type to be organized.The data of spatial database can be divided into various logic data Layer or expert data layer according to the logical relation of spatial data or professional attribute, are similar to the stacked of picture.In the time carrying out Thematic Cartography, conventionally need the data of multiple corresponding figure layers to superpose.In an embodiment of the present invention, topographic map data is divided into the storage respectively of all layers such as landforms, water system, road, vegetation, reference mark, settlement place, each stacked adding up just synthesized to the data of topomap.
S15, sets up the data dictionary of spatial database, in order to describe one-piece construction, data content and the definition etc. of spatial database.
Thematic maps content information in step S2 is specially map style, map theme, map scale, the base features of thematic maps and the thematic key element of thematic maps of thematic maps, and the setting of choosing of thematic maps content information specifically comprises the steps:
S21, requires to set map style, map theme and the engineer's scale of thematic maps according to the purposes of thematic maps or user
Require graph type, map theme and engineer's scale definitely according to map purposes or user, map style is as planning chart, distribution plan, statistical graph etc.; Map theme is as geologic hazard, social economy, soil utilization etc.; Engineer's scale is as 1:50 ten thousand, 1:100 ten thousand etc.
S22, according to the map style of thematic maps and the base features of engineer's scale setting thematic maps
Base features is the reference data of thematic key element, is intended to emphasize and gives prominence to thematic key element, mainly plays the effect such as location mark, viewing area geographical background.The type of base features mainly comprises landforms, water system, the network of communication lines, administrative boundary, settlement place etc.Base features is chosen, and depends primarily on map style and engineer's scale.Map style affects the choice of base features type.Engineer's scale affects the choice of same type base features different brackets.In one embodiment of the invention, by the visual base features collocation method of one, the All Layers in database is displayed with the form of directory tree, select for user.User can add, revises, delete layer, and can also adjust the DISPLAY ORDER of figure layer.Base features after determining, its corresponding figure layer title and display control information are stored with the form of XML file, during for one-touch thematic maps one-tenth figure, call.
S23, according to the thematic key element of the map style of thematic maps and map theme setting thematic maps
The thematic factor content of type, map subject determination thematic maps according to the map.Generally, what thematic key element was corresponding is attribute data, and it is to store with the form of two-dimentional form in database.In the time determining thematic key element, be similar to the method for determining base features, in one embodiment of the invention, by the visual collocation method of one, the attribute information of thematic key element is displayed with the form of directory tree, choose for user, as the All population capacities field in demographics.Thematic key element after determining, the information such as its corresponding table name claims, attribute field, value type are stored with the form of XML file, when confession later stage thematic charting, call.
The model bank that step S3 sets up comprises thematic data transaction module and symbol plotting model, wherein: thematic data transaction module comprises that Hierarchical Clustering model, dendrogram Clustering Model, average of variable progressively substitute multiple in Clustering Model, typical sample unit Clustering Model, Fuzzy Cluster Model, equal difference hierarchy model, geometric ratio hierarchy model and Statistic analysis models etc.; Symbol plotting model comprises symbol step-wedge model that map symbol size is drawn and can calculate the colour model etc. of classification color.
Step S4 carries out the setting of choosing of thematic data method for expressing, specifically comprises the steps:
S41. according to the feature of thematic data, from model bank, choose data processing model;
The feature of thematic data comprises that spatial distribution characteristic (mainly comprises point-like, wire, discrete planar, planar continuously, spatial dispersion distributes, six kinds of space continuous distribution etc.), data scale feature (mainly comprises and naming, sequentially, interval, four yardsticks of ratio), direction character (mainly comprising directivity a little and the directivity of line), data stack features (mainly comprises the general characteristic of data group, architectural feature in data group, contrast characteristic in data group, the temporal aspect of data group) etc.The present invention is according to the feature of above-mentioned thematic data, by setting the thematic data classify and grading method (being generally the one in the methods such as fixed point symbolic method, line symbol method, area method, qualitative background method, isoline method, dot method, motion symbol method, location diagram method, cartogram method and classification ratioing technigue) of suitable employing, from model bank, choose a kind of data processing model.The data processing model information of choosing, with the storage of XML file, is called when confession later stage thematic charting.
S42. picks symbols rendering model
From model bank, choose a kind of symbol plotting model, carry out Symbolic Representation according to the result of thematic data processing.The information of choosing of symbol plotting model, with the storage of XML file, is called when confession later stage thematic charting.
Drawing element in making thematic map template in step S5 mainly comprises the drawing elements such as mapborder, map relationship, text, chart, form, legend, engineer's scale, ole object (comprising Word, PDF and Excel etc.), north arrow and Drawing Object (point, line and face Drawing Object).
Step S6 shows the configuration of information by the parameter configuration mode element that charts, and concrete steps comprise:
S61., the essential information that first the mapborder configuration of thematic maps is set, comprises interior outer border symbol, picture frame mesh spacing, lower left corner coordinate requirement and engineer's scale etc.;
S62., position and the attribute information of other drawing elements such as map relationship, text, chart, form, legend, engineer's scale, ole object, north arrow and Drawing Object are set, and wherein, the position of these drawing elements positions configuration taking mapborder as reference.
A kind of one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping system based on template, it is characterized in that, described system comprise shoring of foundation module, data management module, map operation module, Thematic Cartography module with one-touch become module, described shoring of foundation module comprises spatial database and Thematic Map Database; Described data management module, for from described spatial database query retrieval and reading out data, is saved in described Thematic Map Database by the data after described Thematic Cartography resume module; Described Thematic Cartography module has been used for the choosing and the configuration of thematic maps template key element of configuration, thematic data method for expressing of thematic maps content, and generates corresponding XML file; Described one-touch one-tenth module is used for reading described thematic maps content configuration XML file, thematic data method for expressing XML file and thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file, and resolves and visual publishing picture.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Technical scheme of the present invention is the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template, and mould plate technique is applied to during thematic maps designs and produces.Template is expressed as the abstract of things of the like description, is the standard that defines a certain class things.Mould plate technique is incorporated into thematic maps and there is multiple advantage in designing and producing, as simplify complicated design process, improve drawing efficiency, improve the intelligent degree of Mapping System etc.By the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template provided by the present invention, can improve making thematic map efficiency and drawing accuracy, promote robotization, the intelligent level of making thematic map, accelerate the drawing course of thematic maps, save human and material resources and the financial resource of Thematic Cartography.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the one-touch Thematic Cartography of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram that one embodiment of the invention is carried out thematic maps contents selection.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is explained in further detail, but the scope not limiting the present invention in any way.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping of the present embodiment based on template, adopt C# and ArcGIS Engine to develop the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping system based on template according to this flow process, Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping system based on template in specific embodiment, and constructing system comprises the steps:
S1: set up spatial database, comprise luv space database and Thematic Map Database;
S2: choose thematic maps content information from spatial database, generate thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file;
S3: set up model bank, this model bank comprises thematic data transaction module and symbol plotting model;
S4: choose thematic data method for expressing from model bank, generate thematic data method for expressing XML file;
S5: set up making thematic map template base, wherein, making thematic map template comprises multiple drawing element;
S6: the element that charts from making thematic map template base by parameter configuration mode shows the configuration of information, generates thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file;
S7: one-touch automatic mapping, be specially: first thematic maps content information configuration XML file, thematic data method for expressing XML file and thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file are carried out to optimal treatment, generate thematic maps configuration XML text, then resolve thematic maps configuration XML text, and carry out visual, realize the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping based on template, the thematic maps of batch production same type.
Wherein, setting up in the present embodiment spatial database specifically comprises the steps:
S11: the conceptual model of setting up Spatial Database Systems and application system;
S12: conceptual model is converted to logical model, and its logical organization comprises contact, security, integrality and the consistency constraint between data item, record and record;
S13: for the logical organization in above-mentioned logical model, whether one make peace and can meet the angle that user requires from itself and conceptual model, its function and performance are evaluated, and optimized;
S14: set up the physical model of spatial database according to logical organization, its physical storage structure comprises file memory format, file storage structure, file access path and file storage etc.;
S15: the data Layer of setting up spatial database;
S16: the data dictionary of setting up spatial database.
Fig. 3 represents that the present embodiment carries out the flow process of thematic maps contents selection, specifically comprises the steps:
1) purposes or user's requirement according to the map, the essential informations such as type, theme and the engineer's scale of setting thematic maps;
2) according to step 1), determine base features, wherein map style has determined choosing of base features type, during such as making geologic hazard distribution plan, the base features such as boundary line, administrative area, settlement place, landforms are prerequisite; The choice of the key element different stage of its medium scale major effect same type, during such as making distribution of water resources figure, on the thematic maps of 1:50 ten thousand engineer's scales, certain river represents with two-wire, on the thematic maps of 1:100 ten thousand engineer's scales, this river just probably need to represent with single line;
3) according to step 2), from spatial database, choose suitable base features figure layer, in the time that base features is chosen, the figure layer that the embodiment of the present invention adopts the form of directory tree to carry out in spatial database is shown, choose for user the figure layer that it needs, the content such as title, display sequence control information of base features figure layer is saved in XML file;
4) according to step 1), choose thematic base map and make required thematic factor data, reading attributes data message table from spatial database, and show with the form of directory tree, select for user.The information such as the thematic key element table name that user is selected claims, attribute field, value type are saved in XML file;
5) combining step 3) and step 4) the XML file that generates, thematic maps content information configuration XML file generated, for the later stage when Thematic Cartography.
In the present embodiment, the setting of choosing of thematic data method for expressing is specifically comprised the steps:
S41. according to the classify and grading method of the suitable employing of feature selecting thematic data of thematic data
According to the feature of thematic data, as spatial distribution characteristic, data scale feature, direction character, data stack features etc., analyze the classify and grading method of the suitable employing of thematic data, as the one in the classification stage divisions such as fixed point symbolic method, line symbol method, area method, qualitative background method, isoline method, dot method, motion symbol method, location diagram method, cartogram method and classification ratioing technigue;
S42. choose data processing model
According to the classify and grading method of the feature of thematic data and suitable employing thereof, from model bank, choose suitable data processing model, express feature or the essence of thematic key element with mathematical method.Choose after data processing model, this information, with the storage of XML file, is called when confession later stage thematic charting;
S43. picks symbols rendering model
Picks symbols rendering model from model bank, draws symbol according to the result of thematic data processing.The information of choosing of symbol plotting model, with the storage of XML file, is called when confession later stage thematic charting.
Wherein, the involved drawing element of making thematic map template mainly comprises other drawing elements such as mapborder, map relationship, text, chart, form, legend, engineer's scale, ole object, north arrow and Drawing Object.
The present embodiment shows the configuration of information by the parameter configuration mode element that charts, and concrete steps comprise:
S61., the essential information that first the mapborder configuration of thematic maps is set, comprises interior outer border symbol, picture frame mesh spacing, lower left corner coordinate requirement and engineer's scale etc.;
S62., position and the attribute information of other drawing elements are set, and wherein, the position of other elements positions configuration taking mapborder as reference.
In the present embodiment, complete after above-mentioned steps, complete the batch making output of thematic maps of the same type by one-touch automatic mapping method, be specially:
First preserve the XML file of the configuration informations such as the base features of thematic maps, thematic key element, thematic factors expression, map template, generate thematic maps configuration XML text by optimal treatment;
Then according to the method for computer software engineering, cartographic data, drafting method, configuration information are carried out to procedure processing and software programming realization, complete the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping system based on template.
This one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping system comprise shoring of foundation module, data management module, map operation module, Thematic Cartography module with one-touch become module, wherein:
Shoring of foundation module provides basic database support, model bank to support and template base supports.In the management and the storage that not only comprise luv space database aspect database support, also comprise management and the storage of the Thematic Map Database generating after thematic maps processing; Model bank support aspect provides thematic data transaction module and symbol plotting model, and wherein thematic data transaction module comprises Hierarchical Clustering model, Fuzzy Cluster Model and Statistic analysis models etc.; Symbol plotting model comprises the symbol step-wedge model that map symbol size is drawn and can calculate the colour model of classification color.
Data management module completes from spatial database query retrieval and reading out data, and data after treatment processing are saved in Thematic Map Database, realizes the persistence of thematic charting data and preserves.
Map operation module provides basic map operation method, as map view, amplify, dwindle, translation, attribute query, figure layer show and control etc.
Thematic Cartography module is the core of the embodiment of the present invention, mainly comprises that thematic maps essential information is determined, drawing contents selection, drafting method are selected, method for expressing is determined, thematic data processing is processed and drawing element arrangements etc.
One-touch one-tenth module reads thematic maps content configuration XML file, thematic data method for expressing XML file, thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file, and resolves with visual, produces fast with the mass of realizing thematic maps of the same type.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, build the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping system based on template by said method, generate a width " national oil and gas exploration exploitation registration condition diagram " by this system, can carry out in accordance with the following steps the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping based on template:
The first step: prepare data, need data to comprise the total storehouse of national mineral rights, geographical base map and the view map template of publishing picture.
Second step: start this Mapping System, load geographical base map.Newly-built task, this system is processed the total storehouse of national mineral rights, extracts and meets the required data of drawing, generates task data mdb template.
The 3rd step: initialize graphics task, carry out data source configuration, select prospecting registration data Exploration right data source table and mineral right data source table, this system is processed data, two special layers that generate national oil and gas exploration exploitation registration situation, are saved in task mdb, then select Exploration right and mineral right query graph layer in configuration querying figure bed interface, and configuration result is stored in Query.xml into the thematic map of selecting after the object of configuration determines.
The 4th step: the management of spreading out the map in system, newly-built map called after " national thematic maps ", in drawing scope, select " whole nation " inner " national oil and gas exploration exploitation registration condition diagram ", then open the view of publishing picture, load map template, and the suitable ornamenting key element of publishing picture of adjusting, comprise fictitious graticule, block mark font size, block type and map form etc., select thematic map output format, can be DOC, MXD, AI, JPG or EPS form, and spanned file, generate " national oil and gas exploration exploitation registration condition diagram ".
Said method and constructed system are used for to the making of thematic maps of the same type in batches, can realize one-touch thematic maps mass production.
Claims (9)
1. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template, its basic data supporting module comprises spatial database, model bank and making thematic map template base, it is characterized in that, the step of described thematic maps automatic mapping comprises:
S1: set up spatial database, described spatial data comprises luv space data and thematic maps data;
S2: choose thematic maps content information from spatial database, generate thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file;
S3: set up model bank, the thematic data method for expressing in described model bank comprises thematic data transaction module and symbol plotting model;
S4: choose thematic data method for expressing from model bank, generate thematic data method for expressing XML file;
S5: set up making thematic map template base, wherein, making thematic map template comprises multiple drawing element;
S6: by parameter configuration mode, the element that charts from making thematic map template base shows the configuration of information, generates thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file;
S7: thematic maps content information configuration XML file, thematic data method for expressing XML file and thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file are carried out to optimal treatment, generate thematic maps configuration XML text, resolve thematic maps configuration XML text and carry out visual output, realizing the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping based on template.
2. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step S1 sets up spatial database and comprises the steps:
S11, sets up the conceptual model of spatial database;
S12, is converted to logical model by conceptual model, and function and performance to its logical organization are evaluated, and are optimized;
S13, sets up the physical model of spatial database according to logical organization, its physical storage structure is specially file memory format, file storage structure, file access path and file storage;
S14, sets up the data Layer of spatial database;
S15, sets up the data dictionary of spatial database, is specially one-piece construction definition, data content and the data definition of spatial database.
3. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the thematic maps content information in step S2 is specially map style, map theme, map scale, the base features of thematic maps and the thematic key element of thematic maps of thematic maps; The selecting step of thematic maps content information is specially: first the purposes by thematic maps or user require to set map style, map theme and the engineer's scale of thematic maps; Then choose according to the map style of thematic maps and engineer's scale the base features of setting thematic maps; Finally choose according to the map style of thematic maps and map theme the thematic key element of setting thematic maps.
4. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the thematic key element of the base features of described setting thematic maps and setting thematic maps is all by a kind of visual element configuring method, the attribute information of base features or thematic key element is shown with the form of directory tree, choose setting to facilitate.
5. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, thematic data transaction module comprises that Hierarchical Clustering model, dendrogram Clustering Model, average of variable progressively substitute multiple in Clustering Model, typical sample unit Clustering Model, Fuzzy Cluster Model, equal difference hierarchy model, geometric ratio hierarchy model and Statistic analysis models described in step S3; Described symbol plotting model comprises symbol step-wedge model and color grade disaggregated model.
6. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, multiple drawing element comprises mapborder, map relationship, text, chart, form, legend, engineer's scale, ole object, north arrow and Drawing Object described in step S5.
7. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described ole object is one or more in Word object, PDF object and Excel object.
8. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping method based on template as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, step S6 shows the configuration of information by the parameter configuration mode element that charts, and is specially the essential information of the mapborder configuration that first thematic maps is set; Again taking mapborder as position and attribute information with reference to other drawing elements except mapborder are set; The essential information of described mapborder configuration is specially interior outer border symbol, picture frame mesh spacing, lower left corner coordinate and engineer's scale.
9. the one-touch thematic maps automatic mapping system based on template, it is characterized in that, described system comprise shoring of foundation module, data management module, map operation module, Thematic Cartography module with one-touch become module, described shoring of foundation module comprises spatial database and Thematic Map Database; Described data management module, for from described spatial database query retrieval and reading out data, is saved in described Thematic Map Database by the data after described Thematic Cartography resume module; Described Thematic Cartography module has been used for the choosing and the configuration of thematic maps template key element of configuration, thematic data method for expressing of thematic maps content, and generates corresponding XML file; Described one-touch one-tenth module is used for reading described thematic maps content configuration XML file, thematic data method for expressing XML file and thematic maps template key element configuration information XML file, and resolves and visual publishing picture.
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