CN109829030A - The drafting method of thematic maps - Google Patents
The drafting method of thematic maps Download PDFInfo
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- CN109829030A CN109829030A CN201910129564.8A CN201910129564A CN109829030A CN 109829030 A CN109829030 A CN 109829030A CN 201910129564 A CN201910129564 A CN 201910129564A CN 109829030 A CN109829030 A CN 109829030A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of drafting methods of thematic maps, belong to Map-making technology field.Method includes: to establish map space database；Geographical base map request and drawing index request, the geographical base map request include the geographical base map element of thematic maps, and the drawing index request includes multiple drawing indexs, and multiple drawing indexs are used to characterize the topical content of thematic maps；Map Expression design request is received, the Map Expression design request includes Style Design, representation method design and Color Scheme, and the representation method design and Color Scheme are for characterizing multiple drawing indexs；According to drawing index request, Map Expression design request, the map space database and preset schema standard series, the thematic maps is obtained.The present invention overcomes map theme existing for existing thematic charting method through the above technical solution and does not protrude, and content is single, the not novel defect of expression way, realizes high quality thematic maps.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Map-making technology field, in particular to a kind of drafting method of thematic maps.
Background technique
Map Design is the language of map, extremely important status is occupied in map making, especially in thematic maps
In effect be even more can not be ignored.The number for the information content that map symbol is loaded with, the superiority and inferiority of the effect of the aesthetic feeling and displaying of map,
Directly affect the quality of map.Therefore, cartographic representation design (or drafting method) is constantly subjected to the extensive of map educational circles
Concern.
Due to popularizing for electronic product, more energy are also put into the form that shows to thematic maps: electricity by map educational circles
Sub- map, numerical map, web cartography research in, and ignore to the research in terms of traditional printing map making.
Electronic map, numerical map, network map main advantage be that timeliness is strong, be accomplished that fast reaction, simple drawing, at
The succinct readability of figure.It can allow at the first time reader to understand what has occurred.It can also be reached by scaling map scale
To the purpose for obtaining more time, more spatial informations, but defect is while it obtains more information, because of part contracting
It puts, global Global Information can lose, and such map understands and recognizes, nothing to the depth for being expressed object due to lacking
Method transmits the information except map to reader, it more difficult to cause the profound thinking and association of reader.Such electronic map, number
Word map, network map are equivalent to a snack food, although it can complete the displaying of immediate effect in a short period of time,
Lack the ability for allowing reader's aftertaste to think deeply.From the aesthetic point of view, successful map should be able to make human eye generate pleasant feeling,
That is figure color scheme is good-looking；From the point of view of information transmission of angle, the good map of a width should be able to make information conversion, transmission and receive
It is all clear and succinct, level is obvious；From the point of view of angle of cognition, the map of a panel height quality should be able to make interpreting blueprints person that will scheme
On content and existing knowledge in his brains it is coherent, and can relatively easily predict the following new knowledge.
Due to the presence of electronic map, numerical map, network map these defects, also just the drawing of printing version map is imitated
More stringent requirements are proposed for fruit, and how on limited papery space, completing electronic map can be shown by scaling ruler
Content, and the deeper thinking of reader can be caused.
Existing making thematic map software is more concerned with the realization of map making process, and pursuit is fast short-term training
Figure, the mostly of realization are single index maps, and the map completed in this way is due to lacking foundation and new mechanism to drawing index system
The considerations of, therefore at figure in various aspects such as the abundant degree of content, the depth intensions of aesthetic feeling of the design, map, all exist obvious
Deficiency.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of drafting methods of thematic maps comprising: establish map sky
Spatial database；Geographical base map request and drawing index request are received, the geographical base map request includes: the geographical bottom of thematic maps
Figure element, the drawing index request includes: multiple drawing indexs, and multiple drawing indexs are for characterizing the thematic maps
Topical content；Receive Map Expression design request, Map Expression design request includes: that Style Design, representation method are set
Meter and Color Scheme, the representation method design and Color Scheme are for characterizing multiple drawing indexs；According to the geography
Base map request, the request of drawing index, Map Expression design request, the map space database and preset schema standard
Series is superimposed multiple drawing indexs, to obtain the thematic maps on the geographical base map.
In drafting method as described above, it is preferable that after reception drawing index request, the drafting method
Further include: judge it is described drawing index request include each drawing index whether with stored in the map space database
Attribute field is consistent；If being judged as inconsistent, the drawing index is replaced with Substitute Indexes.
In drafting method as described above, it is preferable that the Style Design is used to embody the entirety of the thematic maps
Design style, comprising: format, color, map symbol, the outer ornamenting of figure, legend design；The representation method is designed for visualization
Multiple drawing indexs, comprising: the shape of map symbol, size, color, direction, structure, pattern；The Color Scheme packet
Include: the visualization for similar cartography factor determines that similar color is set as visual color according to the membership between element
Meter；Visualization for inhomogeneity, control class cartography factor determines complementary colours as visual according to prominent relativity
Color Scheme.
In drafting method as described above, it is preferable that the schema standard series include: geographical base map schema standard and
Thematic schema standard；The geographical base map schema standard is to design geographical base map element, the geography bottom based on different scale
Figure element includes: physical features and social economy's element；The special topic schema standard is to be designed special topic based on different scale and wanted
Element, the thematic factor include: threadiness, symbolic library, color library, annotation library.
In drafting method as described above, it is preferable that the map symbol includes: monadic symbols, composite symbol and answers
Close symbol；The monadic symbols are for expressing a drawing index；The composite symbol combines shape by multiple monadic symbols
At for expressing the corresponding multiple drawing indexs of multiple monadic symbols；The composite symbol is by multiple monadic symbols
Combination is formed, and for expressing the corresponding multiple drawing indexs of multiple monadic symbols, is also used to express the monadic symbols not
The drawing index that can be expressed.
In drafting method as described above, it is preferable that, it is described establish map space database after, the method
Further include: data visualization request is received, the data visualization request includes: that semantic information of multimedia shows content and statistical graph
Show content；Accordingly, semantic information of multimedia and statistical graph are visualized on the geographical map.
Technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention has the benefit that
By the determining theme that charts, which is based on true on the basis of the feature for understanding drawing main body (things or phenomenon)
Fixed, it then according to drawing theme feature, determines drawing index, establishes drawing index system, overcome existing thematic charting method
Existing map theme does not protrude, and content is single, the not novel defect of expression way, realizes high quality thematic maps.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow diagram of the drafting method of thematic maps provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram using a thematic maps of method provided in an embodiment of the present invention production.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.The explanation of each example through the invention
Mode, which provides, to be not intended to limit the present invention.In fact, those skilled in the art will be clear that, the scope of the present invention or essence are not being departed from
In the case where mind, it can modify in the present invention and modification.For example, being illustrated or described as the spy of a part of one embodiment
Sign can be used for another embodiment, to generate another embodiment.Thus, it may be desirable to which the present invention includes to be included into appended power
Such modifications and variations in the range of benefit requirement and its equivalent.
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of drafting methods of thematic maps comprising following steps:
Step 101, map space database is established.
Specifically, data are collected first, which includes: by GIS (Geographic Information System, ground
Manage information system) map datum that provides, the data provided by text and graph processing system and by graph and image processing
The spatial data that system provides.Text and graph processing system are provided by being handled text, table and statistical graph
Expect data.Graphic image processing system obtains spatial data by being handled graph image, and graph image can be remote sensing
Image or multi-media image, the data include: vector data, raster data and multi-medium data.Then to the data of collection into
Row pretreatment, obtains map space database.Pretreatment includes: unified Fundamentals of Mathematics processing, unified format analysis processing and attribute word
Section mapping processing.Since the data source of collection is diversified, map space database can also be known as multi-source map space
Database.
Step 102, geographical base map request and drawing index request are received, geographical base map request includes: the ground of thematic maps
Base features are managed, drawing index request includes: multiple drawing indexs, and multiple drawing indexs are used to characterize in the special topic of thematic maps
Hold.
Specifically, geographical base map element is intended to indicate that in the general map in topical content spatial position and geographical location
To hold, determination is related to the topical content of thematic maps, such as: topical content is related to hydrographic water resource, then in geographical base map
Water system is relatively important, therefore can focus on the expression of the amount of water system element and the expression of importance.Pass through the drawing to thematic maps
Main body (or the things to be drawn of thematic maps or phenomenon or topical content) is analyzed, and the feature of drawing main body is obtained,
Such as quantative attribute, length characteristic of main body etc., and the principle determined using accurate, expressed intact drawing main body as index, it determines
Multiple drawing indexs of drawing main body substantive characteristics, Variation Features and correlation are able to reflect, are then referred to by sending drawing
The mode of mark request sends multiple drawing indexs, corresponding, receives drawing index request.Index of charting and map space
Attribute field in database is corresponding.
In practical application, some drawing indexs simultaneously are not easy to get, in order to improve or supplement drawing index and drawing content,
This method further include:
The each drawing index that index request includes of judging to chart whether with the attribute word that is stored in map space database
Section is consistent, if being judged as inconsistent, replaces the drawing index, the i.e. attribute field in map space database with Substitute Indexes
It is middle search less than with the consistent attribute field of drawing index.Such as: floating population's data drawing index at county level, in map space
Do not found in the attribute field of database with the consistent attribute field of drawing index, then the drawing index, which belongs to, is not easy to obtain
Index, index is charted with permanent resident population's density to substitute floating population's data at county level drawing index, and remind to cartographer,
It can be reminded in a manner of label.
Step 103, Map Expression design request is received, Map Expression design request includes: that Style Design, representation method are set
Meter and Color Scheme, representation method design and Color Scheme are used for the multiple drawing indexs of Visualization.
Specifically, Style Design is used to embody the whole design style of thematic maps, including format, color, map symbol,
Scheme outer ornamenting, legend.
Representation method is designed in terms of the shape of map symbol, size, color, direction, structure, pattern visual variable
Visualize multiple drawing indexs.Map symbol includes: monadic symbols, composite symbol and composite symbol.Monadic symbols are ground icon
Number, it is used to characterize drawing an index, such as pie chart, histogram, ring figure etc..Composite symbol is when simple symbol can not table
It when up to map theme, can be combined with each other with several monadic symbols, form composite symbol, such as the group of semicircle and histogram
It closes, two kinds of indexs, ratio index and quantitative index can be expressed.After composite symbol refers to multiple monadic symbols combinations, generate new
Symbol, which also while generating new index meaning on the basis of having former index meaning.Such as cyclic annular figure, ring sheet
Body has ratio meaning, and inner and outer ring size has quantity meaning, and the scale comparison of inner and outer ring generates new index meaning: representing two
Proportionate relationship between index.So that on the basis of single index is visual, take into account between multi objective coordinated expression (color,
Symbol etc.).Using suitable Visualization mode, multiple drawing indexs are visualized, multi-threaded, the more elements of realization,
The optimum drawing expression of multiple features, various drawing main bodys for showing, compareing and comparing, reaches and reader is allowed to be experienced and understanding
Object, event occur, the purpose of the rule of development.
Color Scheme: the visualization for similar cartography factor determines similar color conduct according to the membership between element
Visual Color Scheme；Visualization for inhomogeneity, control class cartography factor determines complementary according to prominent relativity
Color is as visual Color Scheme.
Pass through the realization of a variety of method for visualizing combinational expressions: a variety of map symbols and color scheme, completes monadic symbols
The map effect and information that can not be shown improve map bandwagon effect and expand Map Information Volume.
Step 104, according to geographical base map request, the request of drawing index, Map Expression design request, map space database
With preset schema standard series, multiple drawing indexs are visualized on geographical base map, to obtain thematic maps.
Specifically, data relevant to geographical base map request and the request of figure index are called in map space database, so
Map Expression design request and preset schema standard series are combined afterwards, and multiple drawing indexs are visualized on geographical base map, from
And obtain thematic maps.
Schema standard series includes: geographical base map schema standard and thematic schema standard.Geographical base map schema standard is base
In different scale, geographical base map element is designed.Geographical base map element is geographical contents most basic on map comprising: from
Right element and social economy's element.Physical features such as hydrology, landforms, soil property, vegetation etc..Social economy's element such as settlement place is handed over
Logical line, administrative boundary.In addition to this, the variation of scale bar is base map content selection the second aspect in need of consideration, scale bar
Bigger, base map content is abundanter, and symbol and annotation also can accordingly amplify.Thematic schema standard is based on different scale, design
Thematic factor, thematic factor include: threadiness, symbolic library, color library, annotation library.Threadiness includes line style and line width.
When practical application, schema standard series need: 1) according to identified expression, color, symbol, illustrate to judge energy
Relativity and element between the no quantity for correctly expressing each element, quality and element quantity variation, mass change and
The opposite variation of each element meets the requirements if being judged as energy, otherwise needs to adjust；2) between element level gland relationship expression,
Annotation is placed in top layer, and secondly Linear element, is again area pattern.In addition to the processing of relationship in layer, for example, note elements with
The relationship of Linear element, including on line in line, several situations under line, will also handle gland between interlayer relation, such as Linear element
The processing of relationship, the gland Automated generalization between area pattern, dotted linear and area pattern)；3) each width map entirety drawing
Coordinate configuration, the coordination between each component part of maps such as legend, scale bar, map sheet illustrate, chart, master map, attached drawing, Ji Yaobao
Prominent master map is demonstrate,proved, also to guarantee the configuration balance of entire drawing.Gland relationship is reasonable between map elements, meets map drawing and matches
The requirement set.
In order to provide good interactivity, this method to reader further include: receive data visualization request, data visualization
Request includes: that semantic information of multimedia shows that content and statistical graph show content.Accordingly, multimedia is visualized on geographical map
Semantic and statistical graph.Data visualization request further include: GIS data symbolism.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of drafting method of thematic maps, and this method is by determining drawing theme, the master
Topic is determined based on the basis of the feature for understanding drawing main body (things or phenomenon), then according to drawing theme feature, really
Figure index is customized, drawing index system is established, overcomes map theme existing for existing thematic charting method not protrude, content list
One, the not novel defect of expression way realizes high quality thematic maps.
The thematic maps of application this method production is illustrated below:
Referring to fig. 2, the drawing main body of thematic maps are as follows: paddy field distribution and main paddy sown area.Map space data
Library includes: china administration regional boundary data, further includes: soils in 2015 of Resources and environmental sciences data center, Chinese Academy of Sciences publication
Using data, in " Chinese agriculture yearbook 2015 ", " Chinese countryside statistical yearbook in 2015 " and " China Statistical Yearbook in 2015 "
Main food, paddy sown area and each department paddy output value.
Representation method and collocation of colour: because this figure needs to indicate the quality and quantity situation of three classes index, simple table
It cannot achieve the coordinated expression of multi objective, therefore the method for selecting compound chart (grid+compound circle) indicates.In view of water is indigo plant
Colour system indicates paddy field distribution using blue grid, and lower layer's pie chart indicates double cropping late rice, morning using the contrastive colours red colour system of blue
Rice, semilate rice and one season late rice sown area account for the specific gravity of main paddy sown area.The upper layer red relatively high with saturation degree
Loop graph indicates the paddy output value.
Semantic information of multimedia content: the distribution in paddy field is using the Changjiang river as boundary, and on the south the Changjiang river based on paddy field, North of Yangtze River is with nonirrigated farmland
Based on.The province that concentration is compared in paddy field is South of Jiangsu Province Southern Anhui Province, Hubei, Hunan northeast and Jiangxi.In paddy field, semilate rice and
The a variety of plants of late rice of one season are in the north, and Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi are based on early rice and double cropping late rice sowing, Jiangsu, the Sichuan paddy output value
Highest.Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, three kinds of Anhui paddy have plantation, and Hunan, Hubei, the Jiangxi paddy output value are most
It is high.The trend based on outlet is presented always in rice inlet and outlet in China's for many years.From starting in 2007, outlet is generally presented in rice
Even there is the phenomenon that rice import surge in 2012,2013 in the situation that decline, import increase.
As known by the technical knowledge, the present invention can pass through the embodiment party of other essence without departing from its spirit or essential feature
Case is realized.Therefore, embodiment disclosed above, in all respects are merely illustrative, not the only.Institute
Have within the scope of the present invention or is included in the invention in the change being equal in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of drafting method of thematic maps, which is characterized in that the drafting method includes:
Establish map space database；
Geographical base map request and drawing index request are received, the geographical base map request includes: that the geographical base map of thematic maps is wanted
Element, the drawing index request includes: multiple drawing indexs, and multiple drawing indexs are for characterizing the special of the thematic maps
Inscribe content；
Map Expression design request is received, the Map Expression design request includes: Style Design, representation method design and color
Design, the representation method design and Color Scheme are for characterizing multiple drawing indexs；
According to geographical base map request, the request of drawing index, Map Expression design request, map space database and preset
Schema standard series visualizes multiple drawing indexs, to obtain the thematic maps on the geographical base map.
2. drafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described after reception drawing index request
Drafting method further include:
Judge each drawing index that the drawing index request includes whether with the category that is stored in the map space database
Property field is consistent；
If being judged as inconsistent, the drawing index is replaced with Substitute Indexes.
3. drafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The Style Design is used to embody the whole design style of the thematic maps, comprising: format, color, map symbol, figure
Outer ornamenting, legend design；
The representation method is designed for visualizing multiple drawing indexs, comprising: the shape of map symbol, size, color,
Direction, structure, pattern；
The Color Scheme includes: the visualization for similar cartography factor, according to the membership between element, determines similar color
As visual Color Scheme；Visualization for inhomogeneity, control class cartography factor is determined according to prominent relativity
Complementary colours is as visual Color Scheme.
4. drafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the schema standard series includes: geographical base map figure
Formula standard and thematic schema standard；
The geographical base map schema standard is to design geographical base map element, the geographical base map element packet based on different scale
It includes: physical features and social economy's element；
The special topic schema standard is to design thematic factor based on different scale, and the thematic factor includes: linear, symbol
Library, color library, annotation library.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the map symbol include: monadic symbols, composite symbol and
Composite symbol；
The monadic symbols are for expressing a drawing index；
The composite symbol is combined by multiple monadic symbols and is formed, corresponding multiple for expressing multiple monadic symbols
Drawing index；
The composite symbol is combined by multiple monadic symbols and is formed, corresponding multiple for expressing multiple monadic symbols
Drawing index is also used to express the drawing index that the monadic symbols fail expression.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is described establish map space database after, the side
Method further include:
Data visualization request is received, the data visualization request includes: that semantic information of multimedia shows that content and statistical graph are aobvious
Show content；
Accordingly, semantic information of multimedia and statistical graph are visualized on the geographical map.
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| CN111209355A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-05-29 | 浙江中测新图地理信息技术有限公司 | Visual map making method for enterprise mu-average benefit thematic map |
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| CN116402968A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-07-07 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Multi-index statistical map making method and device based on map making template |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111209355A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-05-29 | 浙江中测新图地理信息技术有限公司 | Visual map making method for enterprise mu-average benefit thematic map |
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Application publication date: 20190531 |