CN110489499A - A kind of on-line intelligence special map plotting method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及计算机专题地图编制技术领域,尤其是涉及一种在线智能专题地图编制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of computer thematic map compilation, in particular to an online intelligent thematic map compilation method.
背景技术Background technique
专题地图(thematic map),又称特种地图,是在地理底图上按照地图主题的要求,突出并完善地表示与主题相关的一种或几种要素,使地图内容专题化、表达形式各异、用途专门化的地图。专题地图的内容由两部分构成:①专题内容。图上突出表示的自然或社会经济现象及其有关特征。②地理基础。用以标明专题要素空间位置与地理背景的普通地图内容,主要有经纬网、水系、境界、居民地等。随着地理信息系统的应用越来越广泛,对专题地图编制有需求的领域越来越多,并且各领域对专题制图的需求越来越专门化、精细化,专题制图需要与特定的空间分析结果进行结合,同时,专题地图需要更丰富的表达方法和表现形式,在样式的配置上也需要有比较专业的参照,在此背景下提出一种较为专业化的、能与各类专题分析结果相结合的专题制图方法尤为重要。Thematic map, also known as special map, is to highlight and perfectly represent one or several elements related to the theme on the geographic base map according to the requirements of the map theme, so that the content of the map is thematic and expressed in different forms , purpose-specific maps. The content of the thematic map consists of two parts: ①Thematic content. Natural or socio-economic phenomena and their associated characteristics highlighted on the map. ②Geographic basis. Common map content used to indicate the spatial location and geographical background of thematic elements mainly includes graticules, water systems, boundaries, and residential areas. With the application of geographic information system more and more widely, there are more and more fields that require thematic map compilation, and the demand for thematic mapping in various fields is becoming more and more specialized and refined. Thematic mapping needs to be combined with specific spatial analysis. The results are combined. At the same time, thematic maps need richer expression methods and forms, and more professional references are also required in the configuration of styles. Under this background, a more professional method that can be compared with various thematic analysis results is proposed. Combined thematic mapping methods are particularly important.
目前,已有一些方法来进行专题地图编制,但这些方法普遍存在以下几类问题:其一,专题地图缺少合适的制图模版,无法将特定领域的空间分析结果直接转换为表达方式较为合理的专题地图;其二,专题地图编制功能的体系构建不够完善,对于专题地图的整图导入与导出、底图和专题图层的编辑、表示方法的切换、专题地图的交互等功能难以较为协调地实现;其三,缺少较为成熟的专题地图编制方法的建议,对于属性要素的表示方法、专题图层的样式选择等,缺少来源于已有制图成果的符号库、色彩库、字体库等成果。At present, there are some methods for thematic map compilation, but these methods generally have the following types of problems: First, thematic maps lack suitable mapping templates, and cannot directly convert the spatial analysis results of specific fields into thematic ones with more reasonable expressions Second, the construction of the thematic map compilation function system is not perfect, and it is difficult to coordinate the functions of importing and exporting the whole map of thematic maps, editing base maps and thematic layers, switching representation methods, and interacting with thematic maps ; Third, there is a lack of suggestions on more mature thematic map compilation methods. For the representation of attribute elements, the style selection of thematic layers, etc., there is a lack of symbols library, color library, font library and other achievements derived from existing cartographic results.
关于在线专题制图,目前相关的背景技术发展相当迅速。在空间数据的传输方面,矢量切片技术的应用越来越广泛,矢量切片技术将矢量数据预处理为接近正方形的“瓦片”,在网页端调用数据时,可以只调用当前屏幕范围和缩放等级下的矢量瓦片数据,从而大大减小了数据传输量,同时,与栅格切片相比,矢量切片技术能更加灵活、动态地与样式文件进行结合,从而增加了渲染的实时性和灵活性;在地图渲染方面,Web图形库(WebGraphics Library,简称WebGL)提供了矢量图形渲染的技术,mapbox、openlayers、mapnik等制图工具通过对 WebGL技术的利用形成了前端矢量地图渲染和编辑的个性化借口,更加易于用户进行使用;在前端框架构造层面,Vue、React、Angular等网页架构技术支持通过数据对网页模块进行驱动,增加了网页开发的灵活性。With regard to online thematic mapping, the relevant background technologies are developing quite rapidly. In terms of spatial data transmission, vector slice technology is more and more widely used. Vector slice technology preprocesses vector data into "tiles" that are close to squares. When calling data on the web page, only the current screen range and zoom level can be called At the same time, compared with raster slices, vector slices can be more flexibly and dynamically combined with style files, thus increasing the real-time and flexibility of rendering ; In terms of map rendering, the Web Graphics Library (WebGL for short) provides vector graphics rendering technology. Drawing tools such as mapbox, openlayers, and mapnik form a personalized interface for front-end vector map rendering and editing through the use of WebGL technology , which is easier for users to use; at the level of front-end framework construction, Vue, React, Angular and other web architecture technologies support web page modules driven by data, increasing the flexibility of web page development.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明主要是解决现有的一些专题地图编制方法所存在的一些问题,构建一套比较完善的专题地图编制系统和体系。The present invention mainly solves some problems existing in some existing thematic map compilation methods, and constructs a relatively complete thematic map compilation system and system.
本发明的技术方案提供一种在线智能专题地图编制方法,包括如下步骤:The technical solution of the present invention provides an online intelligent thematic map compilation method, comprising the following steps:
步骤1,构建专题地图模版,包括针对空间分析结果的通用模版和针对专题制图成果的综合模版;Step 1. Build thematic map templates, including general templates for spatial analysis results and comprehensive templates for thematic mapping results;
步骤2,根据专题地图制图要求,构建符合mapbox样式标准的底图样式文件;Step 2, according to the requirements of thematic map drawing, construct a base map style file that conforms to the mapbox style standard;
步骤3,构建在线智能专题制图系统框架,支持通过在线智能专题地图编制系统,加载整幅专题地图;加载专题地图的过程分为两部分,一部分是加载配置好的底图文件,另一部分是加载空间分析所生成的专题图层数据,根据专题地图模版中所制定的样式,依次添加专题图层,形成整幅专题地图。Step 3: Build the framework of the online intelligent thematic mapping system, which supports loading the entire thematic map through the online intelligent thematic map compilation system; the process of loading the thematic map is divided into two parts, one is to load the configured base map file, and the other is to load the The thematic layer data generated by spatial analysis, according to the style specified in the thematic map template, add thematic layers in sequence to form the entire thematic map.
而且,步骤1中,专题地图模版中包含地图基本信息和专题图层信息,专题图层信息则包含图层基本信息和图层样式信息,图层基本信息包括图层的id、名称以及图层类型,图层样式信息包含图层的可见性、图层表示方法和图层样式规定。Moreover, in step 1, the thematic map template contains basic map information and thematic layer information, and thematic layer information contains basic layer information and layer style information. Basic layer information includes layer id, name, and layer Type, layer style information includes layer visibility, layer representation method and layer style specification.
而且,步骤2中,构建底图样式文件包含以下子步骤:Moreover, in step 2, constructing the basemap style file includes the following sub-steps:
步骤2.1,配置底图数据源,将底图数据源发布在相应的服务器中并获取其服务地址;Step 2.1, configure the basemap data source, publish the basemap data source in the corresponding server and obtain its service address;
步骤2.2,配置地图符号库数据源,符号库数据源符合Mapbox规定的sprite格式;Step 2.2, configure the map symbol library data source, the symbol library data source conforms to the sprite format specified by Mapbox;
步骤2.3,配置地图字体库数据源,字体库数据源符合Mapbox规定的字体切片格式;Step 2.3, configure the map font library data source, the font library data source conforms to the font slice format specified by Mapbox;
步骤2.4,配置样式化底图图层,并将步骤2.1~步骤2.3中的数据源进行整合,形成完整的地图样式文件。Step 2.4, configure the styled base map layer, and integrate the data sources in steps 2.1 to 2.3 to form a complete map style file.
而且,步骤2.2~2.4中,地图符号、字体以及底图样式配置能够利用已有的专题地图制图成果,为用户提供样式配置参考。Moreover, in steps 2.2 to 2.4, the style configuration of map symbols, fonts and basemaps can use the existing thematic map drawing results to provide users with style configuration reference.
而且,步骤3中在线智能专题制图系统框架的页面组织包括含页面样式、组件、配置、页面、工具五部分;Moreover, the page organization of the online intelligent thematic mapping system framework in step 3 includes five parts including page style, component, configuration, page, and tool;
页面样式部分规定了页面中各个显示模块的样式;The page style part specifies the style of each display module in the page;
组件包括页面中的色带条、数据项、图层项和图层数据项四部分,这四部分在页面中均承担着与数据进行交互的功能;Components include four parts: ribbon bar, data item, layer item and layer data item in the page, and these four parts are responsible for interacting with data in the page;
配置部分包括服务地址、服务获取命令拼接和服务获取接口,这几个部分相互配合,组成从服务器端进行增、删、查和改操作的命令;The configuration part includes service address, service acquisition command splicing and service acquisition interface. These parts cooperate with each other to form commands for adding, deleting, checking and modifying operations from the server side;
页面部分包括数据列表、图层编辑列表、图层列表和地图展示部分,这几部分构成整个前段页面显示的基础;The page part includes the data list, layer edit list, layer list and map display part, which form the basis of the entire previous page display;
工具部分包括分级工具、颜色配置工具和地图编辑工具,其中,分级工具用来对专题数据进行分级分类;颜色配置工具中使用了颜色插值算法,能够将颜色库中离散的色带转换为连续的分级分类色彩,以适应用户进行更多级别的专题设色;地图编辑工具;利用mapboxgl 中的工具接口进行地图的图层样式编辑和图层组织编辑操作。The tool part includes grading tools, color configuration tools and map editing tools, among which the grading tools are used to classify thematic data; the color configuration tool uses a color interpolation algorithm, which can convert the discrete color bands in the color library into continuous ones Grading and classification of colors to suit users for more levels of thematic coloring; map editing tools; use the tool interface in mapboxgl to edit map layer styles and layer organization edits.
上述的智能专题地图编制方法,通过通用模版和综合模版的配置,为基于空间分析的制图和用户自定义制图提供了基础框架,并且根据模版的结构为用户提供各类编辑选项。此外,本方法还充分吸收已有的优秀专题制图成果,构建符号库、色彩库、模版库等制图资源。The above intelligent thematic map compilation method provides a basic framework for spatial analysis-based mapping and user-defined mapping through the configuration of general templates and comprehensive templates, and provides users with various editing options according to the template structure. In addition, this method also fully absorbs the existing excellent thematic mapping achievements, and constructs mapping resources such as symbol library, color library, and template library.
因此,本发明具有如下优点:1.模版的构建有利于与空间分析模块进行对接,实现从空间分析到专题制图功能的衔接;2.本发明在构建专题地图模版时为多种专题表示方法提供数据组织框架,因此用户可通过对专题地图模版中某模块的编辑实现对整个专题地图的编辑,并且在编辑过程中可以参照已有的制图成果;3.该发明以mapbox提供的前端制图方法库 mapboxgl为核心工具库,提供了一整套地图渲染、编辑、交互、传输的方法,构建了一套比较完善的专题地图编制系统。Therefore, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The construction of the template is conducive to docking with the spatial analysis module, realizing the connection from spatial analysis to thematic mapping; 2. The present invention provides various thematic representation methods when constructing thematic map templates. Data organization framework, so users can edit the entire thematic map by editing a module in the thematic map template, and can refer to existing cartographic results during the editing process; 3. The invention uses the front-end mapping method library provided by mapbox As the core tool library, mapboxgl provides a whole set of methods for map rendering, editing, interaction, and transmission, and builds a relatively complete thematic map compilation system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例的系统结构图。FIG. 1 is a system structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例的专题地图模版结构图。FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a thematic map template according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例的在线专题地图编制系统页面组织示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the page organization of the online thematic map compilation system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明实施例所采用的系统结构图如图1所示。一幅专题地图以地图文件的格式进行组织,地图文件由地图模版和专题数据两部分组成。其中,地图模版包括该类专题地图所使用的底图样式文件(包括底图源数据信息、符号和字体信息以及底图样式信息)、专题图层的组织信息和专题图层的样式信息。底图源数据信息可包括底图切片地址,符号和字体信息可包括符号、字体地址。而对地图文件中不同部分的操作则形成了系统中的不同功能:底图渲染通过对底图文件的加载实现;专题图层样式的编辑通过修改地图模版中的专题图层样式信息来完成;对地图模版中的专题图层组织信息进行修改,可以进行专题图层的添加、删除、隐藏、顺序调整等功能;而当专题图层的驱动数据与地图模版相结合时,便可利用mapboxgl 所提供的接口实现专题图层渲染的功能。The structure diagram of the system used in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 . A thematic map is organized in the format of a map file, which consists of two parts: a map template and thematic data. Among them, the map template includes the basemap style file used by this type of thematic map (including basemap source data information, symbol and font information, and basemap style information), organization information of thematic layers, and style information of thematic layers. Basemap source data information may include basemap slice addresses, and symbol and font information may include symbols and font addresses. The operations on different parts of the map file form different functions in the system: basemap rendering is realized by loading the basemap file; editing of thematic layer style is accomplished by modifying thematic layer style information in the map template; By modifying the thematic layer organization information in the map template, functions such as adding, deleting, hiding, and order adjustment of thematic layers can be performed; and when the driving data of the thematic layer is combined with the map template, the mapboxgl can be used to The interface provided implements the rendering function of thematic layers.
在该系统中,满足两种不同的专题地图编制需求:其一是与特定专题的空间分析结果结合的制图功能,能够为不同专题的空间分析模型提供不同的制图模版,通过制图模版和空间分析结果的结合形成地图文件,再通过对地图文件的解析渲染整幅专题地图,从而实现从空间分析到专题制图的“无缝衔接”;其二是实现“从无到有”的制图功能,即支持用户自行选择制图模版、空间数据、属性数据等,进行个性化的制图。两种不同的制图需求需要系统提供不同的制图模版,同时提供完善的专题地图编辑和交互功能。In this system, two different thematic map compilation requirements are met: one is the cartographic function combined with the spatial analysis results of specific themes, which can provide different cartographic templates for spatial analysis models of different themes. The combination of the results forms a map file, and then renders the entire thematic map through the analysis of the map file, so as to realize the "seamless connection" from spatial analysis to thematic mapping; the second is to realize the "from scratch" mapping function, namely Support users to choose drawing templates, spatial data, attribute data, etc. for personalized drawing. Two different mapping requirements require the system to provide different mapping templates, while providing comprehensive thematic map editing and interactive functions.
本发明提供的专题地图编制方法通过构建专题地图模版,实现专题制图与空间分析模型的衔接;通过mapbox提供的矢量地图设计工具,实现地图加载、编辑、整饰、交互、输出等功能模块;通过提取已有专题地图制图成果,构建专题地图样式库。该方法实现了空间分析和专题制图功能的对接,为用户提供了较为专业的专题地图样式参考,构建了一套功能较为完善且较为轻量级的在线智能专题地图编制系统。The thematic map preparation method provided by the present invention realizes the connection between thematic cartography and the spatial analysis model by constructing thematic map templates; through the vector map design tool provided by mapbox, functional modules such as map loading, editing, finishing, interaction, and output are realized; through Extract existing thematic map drawing results and build a thematic map style library. This method realizes the docking of spatial analysis and thematic mapping functions, provides users with a more professional thematic map style reference, and builds a set of relatively complete and lightweight online intelligent thematic map compilation system.
实施例中提供的一种在线智能专题地图编制方法包括如下步骤:An online intelligent thematic map preparation method provided in the embodiment includes the following steps:
步骤1.构建专题地图模版:构建针对特定专题空间分析模型的制图模版(以下称通用模版)和针对已有专题地图成果的制图模版(以下称综合模版),制图模版中对地图基本信息、底图数据源、专题图层组织、专题图层基本信息、专题图层数据源、专题图层样式等信息进行规定。Step 1. Build a thematic map template: build a cartographic template for a specific thematic spatial analysis model (hereinafter referred to as a general template) and a cartographic template for existing thematic map results (hereinafter referred to as a comprehensive template). Map data source, thematic layer organization, thematic layer basic information, thematic layer data source, thematic layer style and other information are specified.
专题模版分为通用模版和综合模版两类,分别对应空间分析模型和已有专题制图成果。专题地图模版的总体结构如图2所示,其中包含地图基本信息和专题图层信息两部分。地图基本信息包括地图的Id、作者、名称、更新日期和底图文件,其中底图文件可以是一个json (JavaScript Object Notation,,JavaScript对象简谱,是一种轻量级的数据交换格式)对象,也可以是json文件对应的链接地址。专题图层信息则包含图层基本信息和图层样式信息两部分,图层基本信息包括图层的id、名称以及图层类型,其中图层的id是识别图层的基本标识,需要保证每个图层的id值唯一,图层名称是用于界面显示的信息,图层类型分为“point”、“line”、“polygon”和“image”四种,分别表示点、线、面和栅格图像类型的图层。图层样式信息包含图层的可见性(即显示与否)、图层表示方法和具体样式规定,其中,点状图层的表示方法包括定点符号法、热力图法、点数法和定位图表法,线状图层的表示方法为线状符号法,面状图层的表示方法包括分级统计图法和分区统计图表法,图层样式规定描述了图层的颜色、符号、尺寸等样式信息。Thematic templates are divided into general templates and comprehensive templates, corresponding to spatial analysis models and existing thematic mapping results respectively. The overall structure of the thematic map template is shown in Figure 2, which includes two parts: basic map information and thematic layer information. The basic information of the map includes the map's Id, author, name, update date and basemap file, where the basemap file can be a json (JavaScript Object Notation, JavaScript object notation, is a lightweight data exchange format) object, It can also be the link address corresponding to the json file. Thematic layer information includes two parts: layer basic information and layer style information. Layer basic information includes layer id, name, and layer type. The layer id is the basic identifier for identifying a layer. It is necessary to ensure that each The id value of each layer is unique, and the layer name is the information used for interface display. The layer types are divided into four types: "point", "line", "polygon" and "image", respectively representing points, lines, areas and A layer of raster image type. Layer style information includes layer visibility (that is, display or not), layer representation methods, and specific style regulations. Among them, the representation methods of point layers include fixed point symbol method, heat map method, point number method and positioning chart method , the representation method of a linear layer is the linear symbol method, the representation method of an area layer includes the hierarchical statistical chart method and the zonal statistical chart method, and the layer style specification describes the color, symbol, size and other style information of the layer.
其中,专题图层按地理要素类型的不同主要有点、线、面三类专题图层,每一类图层中都有不同的表示方法,每一类表示方法对应不同的模版组织方式。因此,构建专题地图模版,就是根据图2所描述的组织规则,将专题地图抽象为一整套由json对象所描述的制图规则。具体实施时,专题地图模版可以直接利用已有的专题制图成果。Among them, the thematic layer mainly has three types of thematic layers according to the different types of geographic elements: point, line, and area. Each type of layer has a different representation method, and each type of representation method corresponds to a different template organization method. Therefore, constructing a thematic map template is to abstract the thematic map into a set of mapping rules described by json objects according to the organizational rules described in Figure 2. In specific implementation, the thematic map template can directly use the existing thematic mapping results.
步骤2,构建底图文件:根据专题地图制图要求,构建符合mapbox样式标准的底图样式文件。Step 2, construct basemap file: according to the requirements of thematic map drawing, construct a basemap style file conforming to the mapbox style standard.
底图文件本质上是符合mapbox样式标准的json格式的样式文件,在该文件中对底图信息、底图数据源、地图样式数据源(包括符号和字体)、图层组织、图层样式等信息进行了规定,mapbox中进行地图渲染和编辑的工具mapboxgl可以直接加载底图文件,在前端渲染出底图。The basemap file is essentially a style file in json format that conforms to the mapbox style standard. In this file, the basemap information, basemap data source, map style data source (including symbols and fonts), layer organization, layer style, etc. The information is specified, mapboxgl, a tool for map rendering and editing in mapbox, can directly load the basemap file and render the basemap on the front end.
所述的步骤2中,构建底图样式文件包含以下子步骤:In step 2, building the basemap style file includes the following sub-steps:
步骤2.1,进行底图数据源的配置,将底图数据源发布在相应的服务器中并获取其服务地址。Step 2.1, configure the basemap data source, publish the basemap data source in the corresponding server and obtain its service address.
底图数据源的文件格式是一般是矢量切片,矢量切片服务利用地图服务工具geoserver 进行生成,geoserver的矢量切片扩展模块提供了生成矢量切片服务的功能。在geoserver中上传底图渲染所需的shp(shapefile,ESRI公司所开发的地图图层文件格式)文件并发布图层,便可以获取到相应的矢量切片服务地址;The file format of the basemap data source is generally a vector tile, and the vector tile service is generated by the map service tool geoserver, and the vector tile extension module of geoserver provides the function of generating a vector tile service. Upload the shp (shapefile, the map layer file format developed by ESRI) file required for basemap rendering in geoserver and publish the layer, then you can get the corresponding vector slice service address;
在mapbox样式标准中,底图数据源的格式可以是矢量切片、栅格、数字高程模型(DEM)、 geojson(一种符合JSON标准的,对各种地理数据结构进行编码的格式,)、图片、视频六种。无论是哪种数据源,均要通过该数据源的服务端地址在样式文件中进行指定。In the mapbox style standard, the format of the basemap data source can be vector slices, rasters, digital elevation models (DEM), geojson (a JSON-compliant format that encodes various geographic data structures), pictures , Video six. Regardless of the data source, it must be specified in the style file through the server address of the data source.
步骤2.2,进行地图符号库的配置:配置地图符号库数据源,符号库数据源符合Mapbox 规定的sprite格式。Step 2.2, configure the map symbol library: configure the map symbol library data source, the symbol library data source conforms to the sprite format specified by Mapbox.
Mapbox样式文件中所使用的地图符号库数据源形式为sprite,这是一种将所有地图符号进行集中存储的形式,sprite由两部分组成,一部分是所有地图符号图片拼接成的png图片,另一部分是描述所有符号名称和png图片中位置信息的json文件,mapbox通过构建sprite来减小通讯频次,提高系统效率。使用mapbox提供的工具spritezero-cli可以将多个svg(Scalable Vector Graphics,可缩放矢量图形,是描述二维矢量图形的一种图形格式)符号文件转化为sprite文件。The data source form of the map symbol library used in the Mapbox style file is sprite, which is a form of centralized storage of all map symbols. The sprite consists of two parts, one is a png image spliced by all map symbols, and the other is It is a json file that describes all symbol names and location information in png images. Mapbox builds sprites to reduce communication frequency and improve system efficiency. Use the tool spritezero-cli provided by mapbox to convert multiple svg (Scalable Vector Graphics, scalable vector graphics, a graphic format for describing two-dimensional vector graphics) symbol files into sprite files.
在配置地图符号库之前,可以首先通过已有的专题制图成果,提取常用专题地图符号的 svg文件,将这些符号的尺寸进行统一。之后,使用spritezero-cli工具,将svg符号文件集转化为sprite文件。生成完毕后,将sprite文件放置在服务端,在样式文件中通过引用服务端地址来对专题地图的符号库进行指定。Before configuring the map symbol library, you can first extract the svg files of commonly used thematic map symbols through the existing thematic mapping results, and unify the sizes of these symbols. After that, use the spritezero-cli tool to convert the svg symbol file set into a sprite file. After the generation is complete, place the sprite file on the server, and specify the symbol library of the thematic map by referring to the address of the server in the style file.
步骤2.3,进行地图字体库的配置:配置地图字体库数据源,字体库数据源符合Mapbox 规定的字体切片格式。Step 2.3, configure the map font library: configure the map font library data source, and the font library data source conforms to the font slice format specified by Mapbox.
Mapbox样式文件中所使用的字体库文件形式为字体切片,它与矢量切片的格式类似,是将一种字体按一定数量的字符分割为若干pbf(protocol buffer,是Google的一种独立的数据交换格式)格式的文件。此步骤中使用mapbox提供的node-fontnik工具将所要用到的字体的 ttf或otf格式的字体文件转换为字体切片The font library file used in the Mapbox style file is a font slice, which is similar to the format of a vector slice. It divides a font into several pbf (protocol buffer, an independent data exchange of Google) according to a certain number of characters. format) format file. In this step, use the node-fontnik tool provided by mapbox to convert the font file in ttf or otf format of the font to be used into a font slice
配置字体库所需的源文件是所需字体的ttf或otf格式的文件,通过node-fontnik工具,将字体源文件转换为字体切片文件,字体切片文件同样放在服务端由样式文件进行引用。The source file required to configure the font library is the ttf or otf format file of the required font. Through the node-fontnik tool, the font source file is converted into a font slice file. The font slice file is also placed on the server and referenced by the style file.
步骤2.4,配置底图图层组织和样式,构建完整的样式文件:利用mapbox studio或其他工具配置样式化底图图层,并将步骤2.1~步骤2.3中的数据源进行整合,形成完整的地图样式文件。Step 2.4, configure the basemap layer organization and style, and build a complete style file: use mapbox studio or other tools to configure the styled basemap layer, and integrate the data sources in steps 2.1 to 2.3 to form a complete map style file.
本步骤构建底图文件的图层组织和图层样式。其中,底图图层的样式可利用已有的制图成果,通过参考已有制图成果,可以构建色彩库、符号库等地图样式资源,并以这些样式资源为基础,来构建专题地图样式库。This step builds the layer organization and layer style of the basemap file. Among them, the style of the base map layer can use the existing cartographic achievements. By referring to the existing cartographic achievements, map style resources such as color library and symbol library can be constructed, and based on these style resources, the thematic map style library can be constructed.
Mapbox样式规范中规定了多种地图样式表达方式,可以参照其中的规定进行样式配置。由于直接编写样式文件的JSON格式代码比较繁琐,可以使用一些样式文件的生成工具进行“所见即所得”式的样式配置,例如mapbox studio、maputnik、ArcGIS Vector TileStyle Editor 等。The Mapbox style specification stipulates a variety of map style expression methods, and you can refer to the regulations for style configuration. Since it is cumbersome to directly write the JSON format code of the style file, you can use some style file generation tools for "what you see is what you get" style configuration, such as mapbox studio, maputnik, ArcGIS Vector TileStyle Editor, etc.
样式文件中底图数据源和地图资源部分的配置在步骤2.1~步骤2.3中已有介绍。而关于图层样式和图层组织的配置,可以使用mapbox studio、maputnik、ArcGIS VectorTile Style Editor 等工具。以mapbox studio为例,首先将制图所需的数据上传到工作空间中,之后利用这些数据进行制图,将地图配置为所需要的样式,配置完成后,通过“publish”功能将配置好的地图样式发布在工作空间中。发布之后就可以将样式文件下载到本地,得到所需的图层组织和样式代码。The configuration of the basemap data source and map resources in the style file has been introduced in steps 2.1 to 2.3. For the configuration of layer style and layer organization, tools such as mapbox studio, maputnik, and ArcGIS VectorTile Style Editor can be used. Taking mapbox studio as an example, first upload the data required for mapping to the workspace, then use these data for mapping, and configure the map as the required style. After the configuration is completed, the configured map style will be published through the "publish" function. Published in the workspace. After publishing, you can download the style file locally to get the required layer organization and style code.
整合各数据源,匹配样式图层与底图数据源图层。步骤2.1~步骤2.3中所述的底图数据源、符号库数据源和字体库数据源的地址分别在样式文件中的“source”、“sprites”和“glyphs”字段中进行指定。同时,图层(layers)字段中各图层的“source-layer”字段中所指定的图层名称,要与geoserver中所配置的各图层的名称保持一致,否则各图层样式无法与对应的数据源进行匹配,地图渲染也无法完成。Integrate each data source and match the style layer with the basemap data source layer. The addresses of the base map data source, symbol library data source, and font library data source described in steps 2.1 to 2.3 are respectively specified in the "source", "sprites" and "glyphs" fields in the style file. At the same time, the layer name specified in the "source-layer" field of each layer in the layers field must be consistent with the name of each layer configured in geoserver, otherwise the style of each layer cannot match the corresponding The data source is matched, and the map rendering cannot be completed.
上述步骤2中所描述的底图文件的配置方法,是针对以矢量切片为数据源这种底图文件配置中最常见的情况,因为配置过程较为复杂,本发明提供以供本领域技术人员实施参考。专题地图的底图数据源除了配置好的矢量切片外,还可以是栅格切片、栅格图片、DEM数据等,这些其它情况下的数据源可直接获取,不必进行数据源的单独配置。mapbox样式规范同样为这些数据源提供了相应的图层样式表达方式。The configuration method of the basemap file described in the above step 2 is aimed at the most common situation in the configuration of the basemap file with vector slices as the data source, because the configuration process is relatively complicated, and the present invention provides it for those skilled in the art to implement refer to. In addition to the configured vector slices, the basemap data source of the thematic map can also be raster slices, raster images, DEM data, etc. The data sources in these other cases can be obtained directly without separate configuration of the data source. The mapbox style specification also provides corresponding layer style expressions for these data sources.
步骤3,分模块构建在线专题地图编制系统:构建在线智能专题制图系统框架,实现模型加载、地图加载、地图编辑、地图交互、地图导出等功能模块。Step 3: Construct an online thematic map compilation system by module: construct an online intelligent thematic mapping system framework to realize functional modules such as model loading, map loading, map editing, map interaction, and map export.
可通过网页端构建各功能模块,包括模版选择、地图渲染、图层编辑、地图交互、地图导出等模块。网页端核心功能均使用mapbox-gl.js库中的接口来实现。Various functional modules can be built through the web page, including modules such as template selection, map rendering, layer editing, map interaction, and map export. The core functions of the web page are implemented using the interfaces in the mapbox-gl.js library.
实施例中,主要实现的功能模块有地图加载模块、地图编辑模块、地图交互模块、地图传输(导出)模块等。在线专题地图编制系统页面组织如图3所示,整个页面资源包含页面样式、组件、配置、页面、工具五部分:页面样式部分规定了页面中各个显示模块的样式;组件包括页面中的色带条、数据项、图层项和图层数据项四部分,这四部分在页面中均承担着与数据进行交互的功能;配置部分包括服务地址、服务获取命令拼接和服务获取接口,这几个部分相互配合,组成从服务器端进行增、删、查、改等操作的命令;页面部分包括数据列表、图层编辑列表、图层列表和地图展示部分,这几部分构成整个前段页面显示的基础;工具部分主要包括分级工具、颜色配置工具和地图编辑工具,其中,分级工具中包含几种常见的数据分级方法,用来对专题数据进行分级分类,颜色配置工具中使用了颜色插值算法,能够将颜色库中离散的色带转换为连续的分级分类色彩,以适应用户进行更多级别的专题设色,地图编辑工具主要利用mapboxgl中的工具接口进行地图的图层样式编辑、图层组织编辑等操作。每一个模块的功能都通过一个独立的文件来完成,以增加这些模块的可重用性。In the embodiment, the main functional modules implemented include a map loading module, a map editing module, a map interaction module, a map transmission (export) module, and the like. The page organization of the online thematic map compilation system is shown in Figure 3. The entire page resource includes five parts: page style, component, configuration, page, and tool: the page style part specifies the style of each display module in the page; the component includes the color band in the page There are four parts: bar, data item, layer item and layer data item. These four parts are responsible for interacting with data on the page; the configuration part includes service address, service acquisition command splicing and service acquisition interface. Parts cooperate with each other to form commands for adding, deleting, checking, modifying and other operations from the server side; the page part includes data list, layer edit list, layer list and map display part, these parts form the basis of the entire front page display ;The tool part mainly includes grading tools, color configuration tools and map editing tools. Among them, the grading tools include several common data grading methods for grading and classifying thematic data. The color configuration tool uses a color interpolation algorithm, which can Convert the discrete color bands in the color library into continuous graded and classified colors to suit users for more levels of thematic coloring. The map editing tool mainly uses the tool interface in mapboxgl to edit the layer style and layer organization of the map and so on. The function of each module is completed through an independent file to increase the reusability of these modules.
具体实施时,制图系统前端框架按照图3的结构来组织,各模块之间松耦合来保证模块的可重用性。During specific implementation, the front-end framework of the mapping system is organized according to the structure in Figure 3, and the modules are loosely coupled to ensure the reusability of the modules.
以下以上海市普陀区范围内的公园绿地供给盲区分析模型为例,介绍整个在线智能专题地图编制的实施方法:Taking the blind area analysis model of park green space supply within Putuo District of Shanghai as an example, the following introduces the implementation method of the entire online intelligent thematic map compilation:
1.构建地图通用模版。首先指定地图id、名称、作者、更新日期等基本信息(底图地址信息在后续步骤配置完成后再填入)。其次配置专题图层组织和样式信息,公园绿地供给盲区分析模型的地图模版由4个专题图层组成,分别是小区到最近公园的驾车时间、公交时间、步行时间和骑行时间,四个图层均为面图层,其表示方法均为分级统计图法,因此每个专题图层还要指定分级字段、分级数、分级色彩、分级方法等参数,构建完整的专题图层样式。1. Build a general template for the map. First specify the basic information such as map id, name, author, and update date (the base map address information will be filled in after the subsequent steps are configured). Secondly, configure the thematic layer organization and style information. The map template of the park green space supply blind area analysis model consists of 4 thematic layers, which are the driving time, bus time, walking time and cycling time from the community to the nearest park. The four maps All layers are surface layers, and their representation methods are hierarchical statistical graphs. Therefore, each thematic layer also needs to specify parameters such as grading fields, grading numbers, grading colors, and grading methods to build a complete thematic layer style.
2.配置底图数据源。根据已有的专题制图成果,得知上海市普陀区底图所需要的数据源包括:街道级行政区划、政府驻地、道路(包括城市道路、铁路、高速公路、乡道和县道)、水系。将这些数据发布至geoserver服务器中,发布时选择切片发布格式为application/x-protobuf;type=mapbox-vector,这是符合mapbox标准的矢量切片的格式。从 geoserver首页的TMS服务列表中可以获取到所发布的矢量切片的服务地址。2. Configure the basemap data source. According to the existing thematic mapping results, the data sources required for the base map of Putuo District in Shanghai include: street-level administrative divisions, government residences, roads (including urban roads, railways, expressways, township roads and county roads), water systems . Publish these data to the geoserver server. When publishing, select the tile publishing format as application/x-protobuf; type=mapbox-vector, which is the format of vector tiles that conform to the mapbox standard. The service address of the published vector tile can be obtained from the TMS service list on the home page of geoserver.
3.配置符号和字体库。符号和字体库的配置方式前文中已有介绍,此实施例中需要从已有专题图成果中提取所需的符号和字体,按步骤生成对应的文件。另外,此实施例中将tomcat 作为符号库和字体库的服务配置工具,配置好的符号和字体文件放置在tomcat服务器中,通过tomcat提供的服务地址来访问。3. Configure the symbol and font library. The configuration method of the symbol and font library has been introduced above. In this embodiment, the required symbols and fonts need to be extracted from the existing thematic map results, and the corresponding files are generated step by step. In addition, in this embodiment, tomcat is used as a service configuration tool for the symbol library and font library, and the configured symbol and font files are placed in the tomcat server and accessed through the service address provided by tomcat.
4.配置底图图层样式。根据已有的专题制图成果,需要配置的底图图层包括:普陀区行政区划(含两层色带)、街道级行政区划线、区级政府和街道政府驻地点及其注记、道路及其注记、水系及其注记。底图图层按面、线、点、注记从下到上的顺序进行排列,同时,对最上层的面状和线状图层的命名作出统一规定,以便后续添加专题图层时仍然保持合理的图层顺序。4. Configure the basemap layer style. According to the existing thematic mapping results, the base map layers that need to be configured include: Putuo District administrative division (including two layers of color bands), street-level administrative division lines, district-level government and sub-district government locations and their annotations, roads and Its notes, water system and its notes. The basemap layers are arranged in the order of surface, line, point, and annotation from bottom to top. At the same time, unified regulations are made on the naming of the top layer surface and line layers, so that they can still be maintained when adding thematic layers later. Reasonable layer order.
5.通过在线智能专题地图编制系统,加载整幅专题地图。加载专题地图的过程分为两部分:一部分是加载配置好的底图文件,另一部分是加载空间分析所生成的专题图层数据,根据地图模版中所制定的样式,依次添加专题图层,形成整幅专题地图。地图加载完成后,可以通过系统其他功能模块进行专题图层的编辑、专题地图的交互和导出等操作。5. Load the entire thematic map through the online intelligent thematic map compilation system. The process of loading a thematic map is divided into two parts: one is to load the configured basemap file, and the other is to load the thematic layer data generated by spatial analysis, and add thematic layers sequentially according to the style specified in the map template to form The entire thematic map. After the map is loaded, you can edit the thematic layer, interact and export the thematic map through other functional modules of the system.
具体实施时,可采用软件方式实现流程的自动运行。运行流程的装置也应当在本发明的保护范围内。During specific implementation, software can be used to realize the automatic operation of the process. Devices for running the process should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代。The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs may make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or replace them in similar ways.
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