CN104007044B - One drags ball viscometer - Google Patents
One drags ball viscometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104007044B CN104007044B CN201410271760.6A CN201410271760A CN104007044B CN 104007044 B CN104007044 B CN 104007044B CN 201410271760 A CN201410271760 A CN 201410271760A CN 104007044 B CN104007044 B CN 104007044B
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- fixed
- controller
- housing
- bead
- bracket
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Abstract
The invention discloses one and drag ball viscometer, be applicable to the liquid that the coefficient of viscosity is little, also be applicable to opaque liquid, measuring accuracy is high, and its structure is: comprise housing, screw-drive mechanism, speed control system and pull force calculation system is provided with in housing, wherein, the structure of speed control system is: comprise controller, servomotor, motor driver, rotary encoder, wherein, servomotor is connected with controller by motor driver, and rotary encoder is connected with controller.Of the present inventionly drag ball viscometer, traditional falling ball method is replaced with " drag method ", namely bead is drawn with a screw-drive mechanism with constant and very little speed, it is made to move upward by given speed, by measuring the pulling force that bead is subject to, then according to Stokes formula (f=6 л? η? rv) viscosity of liquid is calculated.The present invention have easy to use, can carry out immediately duplicate measurements, structure simple, be easy to realize the advantages such as measurement automatically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one and drag ball viscometer.
Background technology
Viscosity measurement plays a very important role at many industrial sectors and field of scientific study tool, in sector applications such as oil, chemical industry, medical science widely, the design of such as oil pipeline, the quality restriction etc. of various petroleum product and paint, all needs to carry out viscosity measurement.The Measures compare measuring liquid viscosity (coefficient of viscosity) is many, according to the size of viscosity, respectively there is corresponding measuring method, as falling ball method, capillary tube technique and rotating-cylinder method etc., wherein falling ball method is the most basic one, and it has simple and easy to do feature, but this method is only applicable to measure larger, the transparent or semitransparent liquid of the coefficient of viscosity, measuring accuracy is lower, is also unfavorable for automatic measurement.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides one and drag ball viscometer, be applicable to the liquid that the coefficient of viscosity is little, be also applicable to opaque liquid, measuring accuracy is high.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
One drags ball viscometer, comprise housing, screw-drive mechanism, speed control system and pull force calculation system is provided with in housing, wherein, the structure of speed control system is: comprise controller (or being referred to as microprocessor), servomotor, motor driver, rotary encoder, wherein, servomotor is connected with controller by motor driver, and rotary encoder is connected with controller;
The structure of screw-drive mechanism is: comprise drive assembly (being made up of servomotor, rotary encoder, variator), shaft coupling, screw rod, nut block parts, guide pole, Hall limit switch, wherein, drive assembly, shaft coupling, screw rod connect successively, nut block parts are located on screw rod, nut block parts are provided with magnet, Hall limit switch is fixed on bracket, Hall limit switch is connected with controller (Hall limit switch has two, and magnet and Hall limit switch are used for limiting the upper-lower position of nut block component movement jointly);
The structure of pull force calculation system is: comprise photoelectrical position sensor, electromagnetic force balance sensor, amplifying circuit, PID regulator, comparer, saw-toothed wave generator, constant current source, current controller, bead, measuring cup, wherein, photoelectrical position sensor is connected with controller by amplifying circuit, PID regulator, comparer, saw-toothed wave generator successively, electromagnetic force balance sensor, constant current source, comparer are connected with current regulator respectively, and comparer, current regulator are also directly connected with controller; Bead is connected with electromagnetic force balance sensor by suspension, and bead is positioned at measuring cup, and measuring cup is placed on nut block parts;
Controller is also connected with keyboard input module and LCD display module, controller to be fixed on control panel (during embody rule, panel can be provided with on housing, on keyboard input module and LCD display module fixed panel, so that input and display, this is routine techniques means), control panel is fixed on housing bottom;
Amplifying circuit, PID regulator, comparer, saw-toothed wave generator, constant current source, current regulator are fixed on pull force calculation circuit board assembly;
Photoelectrical position sensor is fixed on electromagnetic force balance sensor, and pull force calculation circuit board assembly, electromagnetic force balance sensor are fixed on holder, and holder is fixed on case top, are provided with rubber absorbers between holder and housing;
Motor driver is fixed on housing bottom;
Drive assembly (servomotor, rotary encoder, variator), screw rod are fixed on bracket, and guide pole is fixed on bracket, and through nut block parts, play the guiding role;
Bracket is fixed on housing bottom, is provided with rubber absorbers between bracket and housing.
Further, described bracket is fixed on housing by set bolt.
The effect of described screw-drive mechanism is the rectilinear motion rotary motion of servomotor being become slide block, and in order to drag bead motion, its principle of work is proven technique in prior art, does not repeat them here.
The effect of described speed control system is the rotating speed controlling servomotor, and make the movement velocity of bead be stabilized on set-point, its principle of work is proven technique in prior art, does not repeat them here.
The effect of described pull force calculation system is measured pulling force, and its principle of work is proven technique in prior art, does not repeat them here.
The measuring principle of ball viscometer of dragging of the present invention is: according to Stokes' law, is in the liquid of η, radius is r, viscosity resistance that bead that movement velocity is v is subject to is in viscosity
f＝6лηrv(1)
When bead uniform rectilinear moves upward, tensile force f, buoyancy F suffered by it
1, gravity mg, viscosity resistance f tetra-dynamic balance (force analysis as shown in Figure 5), namely
F+F
1-mg-f＝0(2)
Formula (2) is rewritten as
f＝F-(mg-F
1)(3)
Measure respectively according to formula (3), the difference (mg-F of tensile force f, gravity and buoyancy
1), can obtain f, measuring process is:
Make v=0 (then f=0), measure (mg-F
1) value;
Make v equal set-point, measure the value of F;
Measure bead radius r again, by formula f=6 л η rv, the coefficient of viscosity η of liquid can be obtained namely:
η＝f/6лrv
Note: (Schilling v=0 records the difference of gravity and buoyancy, then resets can to pass through to reset to instrument the value directly can measuring viscosity resistance f.Make v equal set-point again, measured value is viscosity resistance f).
The course of work of ball viscometer of dragging of the present invention is: first, testing liquid is poured into (liquid level is close to measuring cup upper end) in measuring cup, then, screw rod in screw-drive mechanism rotates under the drive of motor, nut block parts are made (to make reynolds number Re < 1 with constant and very little speed, ensure not turbulization) upper and lower rectilinear motion, thus drive measuring cup to move up and down, then the relative testing liquid of bead moves up and down, measure seasonal measuring cup (i.e. nut block parts) to move downward with given speed, bead relative liquid moves upward (from upper Hall switch), by the pulling force that electromagnetic force balance sensor measurement bead is subject to, the viscosity of liquid is calculated again according to Stokes formula (f=6 л η rv).
Of the present inventionly drag ball viscometer, traditional falling ball method is replaced with " drag method ", namely a screw-drive mechanism is used (to make reynolds number Re < 1 with constant and very little speed, ensure not turbulization) dilatory bead, it is made to move upward by given speed, by measuring the pulling force that bead is subject to, then calculate the viscosity of liquid according to Stokes formula (f=6 л η rv).
Of the present inventionly drag ball viscometer, compared with traditional falling ball viscometer, have the following advantages:
1) owing to replacing traditional falling ball method with " drag method ", the movement velocity of bead can set arbitrarily, fully can meet reynolds number Re <1 (Re=2rv ρ when the liquid that measurement viscosity is little
0/ η, ρ
0for fluid density), ensure not turbulization, therefore the measurement range of viscosity has been widened, not only can measure the large liquid of viscosity, also can measure the little liquid of viscosity (and with falling ball method measure liquid viscosity time bead fall terminal velocity v relevant to viscosity, when liquid viscosity is smaller, the terminal velocity of bead is very large, then reynolds number Re >>1 meeting turbulization, and Stokes formula is no longer set up).
2) because electromagnetic force balance sensor has very high sensitivity and precision (absolute precision scale division value can reach 0.01 milligram), very little viscosity resistance can be measured, therefore the measurement sensistivity of this instrument and precision comparison high.
3) because whether viscosity obtains (transparent irrelevant with liquid) by measuring pulling force, therefore can the viscosity of measurement for opaque liquid.
4) do not need density measurement and carry out speed correction (speed is given).
5) due to employing is dilatory method, therefore bead can be replaced with the large cylinder of area or rectangular slab, can increase like this viscosity resistance the sensitivity of instrument is further improved (during measurement, viscosity is that known liquid is as standard, instrument is calibrated, measure instrument constant k, then have f=k η v, it, according to being Newton's law of viscosity, is known physical knowledge).
In addition, the present invention also have easy to use, can carry out immediately duplicate measurements, structure simple, be easy to realize the advantages such as measurement automatically.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the structural representation dragging ball viscometer of the present invention.
The front view of Fig. 2: Fig. 1.
Fig. 3: the screw mechanism transmission sketch dragging ball viscometer of the present invention.
Fig. 4: the circuit theory schematic diagram dragging ball viscometer of the present invention.
Fig. 5: bead force analysis schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1, photoelectrical position sensor; 2, pull force calculation circuit board assembly; 3, bracket; 4, Hall limit switch; 5, nut block parts; 6, magnet; 7, screw rod; 8, shaft coupling; 9, drive assembly; 10, rubber shock absorber; 11, holder; 12, electromagnetic force balance sensor; 13, suspension; 14, measuring cup; 15, bead; 16, guide pole; 17, set bolt; 18, control panel; 19, housing; 20, variator; 21, amplifier; 22, PID regulator; 23, comparer; 24, saw-toothed wave generator; 25, controller; 26, motor driver; 27, servomotor; 28, rotary encoder; 29, current regulator; 30, LCD display module; 31, key load module is connect; 32, constant current source.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
One drags ball viscometer, comprise housing 19, screw-drive mechanism, speed control system and pull force calculation system is provided with in housing 19, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, wherein, the structure of speed control system is: comprise controller 25, servomotor 27, motor driver 26, rotary encoder 28, wherein, servomotor 27 is connected with controller 25 by motor driver 26, and rotary encoder 28 is connected with controller 25;
The structure of screw-drive mechanism is: comprise drive assembly 9 (by servomotor 27, rotary encoder 28, variator 20 forms), shaft coupling 8, screw rod 7, nut block parts 5, guide pole 16, Hall limit switch 4, as shown in Figure 3, wherein, drive assembly 9, shaft coupling 8, screw rod 7 connects successively, nut block parts 5 are located on screw rod 7, nut block parts 5 are provided with magnet 6, Hall limit switch 4 is fixed on bracket 3, Hall limit switch 4 is connected with controller 25, and (Hall limit switch 4 has two, magnet 6 and Hall limit switch 4 are used for limiting the upper-lower position that nut block parts 5 move jointly),
The structure of pull force calculation system is: comprise photoelectrical position sensor 1, electromagnetic force balance sensor 12, amplifying circuit 21, PID regulator 22, comparer 23, saw-toothed wave generator 24, constant current source 32, current controller 29, bead 15, measuring cup 14, wherein, photoelectrical position sensor 1 is successively by amplifying circuit 21, PID regulator 22, comparer 23, saw-toothed wave generator 24 is connected with controller 25, electromagnetic force balance sensor 12, constant current source 32, comparer 23 is connected with current regulator 29 respectively, comparer 23, current regulator 29 is also directly connected with controller 25, as shown in Figure 4, bead 15 is connected with electromagnetic force balance sensor 12 by suspension 13, and bead 15 is positioned at measuring cup 14, and measuring cup 14 is placed on nut block parts 5,
Controller 25 is also connected with keyboard input module 31 and LCD display module 30, controller 25 to be fixed on control panel 18 (during embody rule, panel can be provided with on housing 19, on keyboard input module 31 and LCD display module 30 fixed panel, so that input and display, this is routine techniques means), control panel 18 is fixed on bottom housing 19;
Amplifying circuit 21, PID regulator 22, comparer 23, saw-toothed wave generator 24, constant current source 32, current regulator 29 are fixed on pull force calculation circuit board assembly 2;
Photoelectrical position sensor 1 is fixed on electromagnetic force balance sensor 12, pull force calculation circuit board assembly 2, electromagnetic force balance sensor 12 are fixed on holder 11, holder 11 is fixed on housing 19 top, is provided with rubber absorbers 10 between holder 11 and housing 19;
Motor driver 26 is fixed on bottom housing 19;
Drive assembly 9 (servomotor 27, rotary encoder 28, variator 20), screw rod 7 are fixed on bracket 3, and guide pole 16 is fixed on bracket 3, and through nut block parts 5, play the guiding role;
Bracket 3 is crossed set bolt 17 and is fixed on bottom housing 19, is provided with rubber absorbers 10 between bracket 3 and housing 19.
The measuring principle of ball viscometer of dragging of the present invention is: according to Stokes' law, is in the liquid of η, radius is r, viscosity resistance that bead that movement velocity is v is subject to is in viscosity
f＝6лηrv(1)
When bead uniform rectilinear moves upward, tensile force f, buoyancy F suffered by it
1, gravity mg, viscosity resistance f tetra-dynamic balance (force analysis as shown in Figure 5), namely
F+F
1-mg-f＝0(2)
Formula (2) is rewritten as
f＝F-(mg-F
1)(3)
Measure respectively according to formula (3), the difference (mg-F of tensile force f, gravity and buoyancy
1), can obtain f, measuring process is:
Make v=0 (then f=0), measure (mg-F
1) value;
Make v equal set-point, measure the value of F;
Measure bead radius r again, by formula f=6 л η rv, the coefficient of viscosity η of liquid can be obtained namely:
η＝f/6лrv
Note: (Schilling v=0 records the difference of gravity and buoyancy, then resets can to pass through to reset to instrument the value directly can measuring viscosity resistance f.Make v equal set-point again, measured value is viscosity resistance f).
The course of work of ball viscometer of dragging of the present invention is: first, testing liquid is poured into (liquid level is close to measuring cup upper end) in measuring cup, then, screw rod in screw-drive mechanism rotates under the drive of motor, nut block parts are made (to make reynolds number Re < 1 with constant and very little speed, ensure not turbulization) upper and lower rectilinear motion, thus drive measuring cup to move up and down, then the relative testing liquid of bead moves up and down, measure seasonal measuring cup (nut block parts) to move downward with given speed, bead relative liquid moves upward (from upper Hall switch), by the pulling force that electromagnetic force balance sensor measurement bead is subject to, the viscosity of liquid is calculated again according to Stokes formula (f=6 л η rv).
Claims (5)
1. one kind is dragged ball viscometer, it is characterized in that: comprise housing (19), screw-drive mechanism, speed control system and pull force calculation system is provided with in housing (19), wherein, the structure of speed control system is: comprise controller (25), servomotor (27), motor driver (26), rotary encoder (28), wherein, servomotor (27) is connected with controller (25) by motor driver (26), and rotary encoder (28) is connected with controller (25);
The structure of screw-drive mechanism is: comprise by servomotor (27), rotary encoder (28), the drive assembly (9) that variator (20) forms, and shaft coupling (8), screw rod (7), nut block parts (5), guide pole (16), Hall limit switch (4), wherein, drive assembly (9), shaft coupling (8), screw rod (7) connects successively, nut block parts (5) are located on screw rod (7), nut block parts (5) are provided with magnet (6), Hall limit switch (4) is fixed on bracket (3), Hall limit switch (4) is connected with controller (25),
The structure of pull force calculation system is: comprise photoelectrical position sensor (1), electromagnetic force balance sensor (12), amplifying circuit (21), PID regulator (22), comparer (23), saw-toothed wave generator (24), constant current source (32), current regulator (29), bead (15), measuring cup (14), wherein, photoelectrical position sensor (1) is successively by amplifying circuit (21), PID regulator (22), comparer (23), saw-toothed wave generator (24) is connected with controller (25), electromagnetic force balance sensor (12), constant current source (32), comparer (23) is connected with current regulator (29) respectively, comparer (23), current regulator (29) is also directly connected with controller (25), bead (15) is connected with electromagnetic force balance sensor (12) by suspension (13), bead (15) is positioned at measuring cup (14), and measuring cup (14) is placed on nut block parts (5),
Controller (25) is fixed on control panel (18), and control panel (18) is fixed on housing (19) bottom;
Amplifying circuit (21), PID regulator (22), comparer (23), saw-toothed wave generator (24), constant current source (32), current regulator (29) are fixed on pull force calculation circuit board assembly (2);
Photoelectrical position sensor (1) is fixed on electromagnetic force balance sensor (12), pull force calculation circuit board assembly (2), electromagnetic force balance sensor (12) are fixed on holder (11), and holder (11) is fixed on housing (19) top;
Motor driver (26) is fixed on housing (19) bottom;
Drive assembly (9), screw rod (7) are fixed on bracket (3), and guide pole (16) is fixed on bracket (3), and through nut block parts (5), play the guiding role;
Bracket (3) is fixed on housing (19) bottom.
2. according to claim 1ly drag ball viscometer, it is characterized in that: between described holder (11) and housing (19), be provided with rubber absorbers (10).
3. according to claim 1ly drag ball viscometer, it is characterized in that: between described bracket (3) and housing (19), be provided with rubber absorbers (10).
4. according to claim 1ly drag ball viscometer, it is characterized in that: described bracket (3) is fixed on housing (19) by set bolt (17).
5. according to claim 1ly drag ball viscometer, it is characterized in that: described controller (25) is also connected with keyboard input module (31) and LCD display module (30).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410271760.6A CN104007044B (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2014-06-18 | One drags ball viscometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410271760.6A CN104007044B (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2014-06-18 | One drags ball viscometer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104007044A CN104007044A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
| CN104007044B true CN104007044B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410271760.6A Expired - Fee Related CN104007044B (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2014-06-18 | One drags ball viscometer |
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| CN110231250B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2022-03-29 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | System for be used for detecting epoxy viscosity |
| CN110320017B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-06-08 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | Intelligent home egg-breaking and egg-breaking state detection method |
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| JPS56137133A (en) * | 1980-03-29 | 1981-10-26 | Toda Kogyo Corp | Falling body type viscometer |
| CN201184864Y (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-01-21 | 王路阳 | On-line detection viscosity sensor |
| CN202814839U (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-03-20 | 李培芳 | Electromagnetic liquid viscosity coefficient testing instrument |
| CN103293081A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-11 | 河海大学 | Test device and method for observing flow characteristic of high-pore-pressure-ratio liquefied sandy soil |
| CN203287285U (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2013-11-13 | 王志忠 | Particle-type material flow resistance measurement device |
| CN203595646U (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-05-14 | 李宇捷 | Liquid viscosity detector |
-
2014
- 2014-06-18 CN CN201410271760.6A patent/CN104007044B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56137133A (en) * | 1980-03-29 | 1981-10-26 | Toda Kogyo Corp | Falling body type viscometer |
| CN201184864Y (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-01-21 | 王路阳 | On-line detection viscosity sensor |
| CN202814839U (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-03-20 | 李培芳 | Electromagnetic liquid viscosity coefficient testing instrument |
| CN103293081A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-11 | 河海大学 | Test device and method for observing flow characteristic of high-pore-pressure-ratio liquefied sandy soil |
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