CN103293081A - Test device and method for observing flow characteristic of high-pore-pressure-ratio liquefied sandy soil - Google Patents
Test device and method for observing flow characteristic of high-pore-pressure-ratio liquefied sandy soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103293081A CN103293081A CN2013102088811A CN201310208881A CN103293081A CN 103293081 A CN103293081 A CN 103293081A CN 2013102088811 A CN2013102088811 A CN 2013102088811A CN 201310208881 A CN201310208881 A CN 201310208881A CN 103293081 A CN103293081 A CN 103293081A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for observing the flow characteristic of high-pore-pressure-ratio liquefied sandy soil. The test device for observing the flow characteristic of high-pore-pressure-ratio liquefied sandy soil comprises a model box, a speed regulating motor, a support, a horizontal working platform and a PIV (peak inverse voltage) system, wherein the model box and the PIV system are placed on the horizontal working platform; the speed regulating motor is installed on a support platform; plastic sands and a sodium chloride solution are placed in the model box; the particle density of the plastic sands is 1.14g/cm<3>; the density of the sodium chloride solution is configured according to the high-pore-pressure-ratio state required for the test; the PIV system consists a movable working platform and a CCD (charge coupled device) digital camera. The invention also discloses a test method. The test method comprises the following steps of: dragging a semi-spherical body by utilizing a steel wire rope leaded out by the speed regulating motor, moving vertically through clinging to the inner wall of the model box (the outer wall clings to one side of a horizontal-vertical coordinate grid), and measuring the moving state of plastic sand particles around the semi-spherical body by a dynamic pull force sensor and the PIV system during the moving process, thereby obtaining the flow characteristic of the liquefied sandy soil at the high-pore-pressure-ratio state. The test device and the test method for observing the flow characteristic of high-pore-pressure-ratio liquefied sandy soil provided by the invention have the advantages of high measurement accuracy, stable liquefied state and the like, and is simple to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ground earthquake engineering technical field, particularly a kind of test unit and test method of observing high hole pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics.
Background technology
The liquefaction problem is one of important topic of ground earthquake engineering research, and China is less relatively in the research in earthquake liquefaction field at present.On May 12nd, 2008,8 grades of special violent earthquakes of Richter scale have taken place in the Wenchuan, Sichuan, have just occurred the earthquake that much causes owing to sand liquefaction in this secondary earthquake, as have emitted water sandblast, land subsidence, surface cracks etc.In addition, because earthquake liquefaction, phenomenons such as water supply, unwatering system and combustion gas, oil pipeline etc. may rise, dislocation, also there is the risk of destruction in transportation network such as highway, railway, and therefore studying the sand liquefaction problem also has significant meaning on response " lifeline engineering " this subject under discussion.
Before the present invention, when research sand liquefaction problem, generally be to make sand liquefaction by dynamic load, as the test of shaking table model casing, moving triaxial test etc.Sand after the liquefaction of Chan Shenging can not guarantee to liquefy in this way is in stable liquefaction, and is limited by the precision of dynamic pickup, and the data error that research institute gets is bigger, and concrete defective shows as:
(1) provides dynamic load by shaking table, be subject to the Development Technology of shaking table, accurately the dynamic load of seismic event generation that is virtually reality like reality.
(2) owing to only could obtain the liquefaction of sand after dynamic load loads, therefore the repetition rate of test is lower.
(3) relatively poor, not quick detachable, the carrying of the loading equipemtn dirigibility of dynamic load, and single test will expend a large amount of electric energy, the experimentation cost height.
(4) sample is subject to the disturbance of dynamic load, because the dynamic pickup precision is lower, the data accuracy of measuring is relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome defectives such as test unit expense height, poor stability, the precision of above-mentioned traditional analog liquefaction back state is low, has proposed a kind of test unit and test method of observing high hole pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of test unit of observing high hole pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics, comprise: model casing, buncher, support, horizontal table and PIV system is characterized in that: model casing posts a side inwall of horizontal ordinate grid and is made by the transparent organic glass material; The pedestal of model casing is provided with equidistant bolt hole, by bolt model casing is fixed on the horizontal table; The model casing bottom is equipped with a fixed pulley; Support stands on outside the model casing, and buncher is installed in a top of the trellis, draws a pulling force sensor and a hemispheroidal wire by the bearing of buncher; Place plastics sand and sodium chloride solution in the model casing; Plastics sand particle density is 1.14g/cm
3, sodium chloride solution density disposes according to the needed high hole of test pressure ratio state; The PIV system is made up of removable worktable and CCD digital camera.
The scale division value of described horizontal ordinate grid adopts 1mm, and by horizontal ordinate grid, the PIV system can clearly capture the motion state of plastics sand particle.
The fixed pulley of described model casing bottom can be realized the hemispheroidal bidirectional-movement by the wire traction.
Described hemisphere is made by pmma material, and the line position on the center of circle, hemisphere bottom surface and cambered surface top is drilled with hole, and wire can pass from hole, makes hemisphere to be connected preferably with wire.
The wire of described connection hemisphere, pulling force sensor and buncher bearing is a kind of good toughness that has, stressed being evenly distributed, the material of characteristics such as not yielding.
The normal sands grain composition configuration that described plastics sand is simulated according to test by the particle of 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.75 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm and eight kinds of specifications of 1.5 mm forms.
A kind of test method of observing the test unit of high hole pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics may further comprise the steps:
1, buncher is drawn wire by bearing, the other end of wire is connected the upper end annulus of moving pulling force sensor, moving pulling force sensor lower end annulus draws another root wire and connects hemisphere, and hemisphere is close to the inwall that model casing has horizontal ordinate grid one side and is placed the model casing bottom; By the vertical stretching wire of the deadweight effect of hemisphere and moving pulling force sensor.
2, the plastics sand of in model casing, evenly packing into and configuring, the dress sample specifies the calibration place to stop to the horizontal ordinate grid of model casing, places soil pressure cell and hole pressure gauge at this layer plastics sand upper surface; The sodium chloride solution of the prescribed concentration that configures is slowly poured in the model casing, in the sample that plastics sand and sodium chloride solution are formed, evenly fed a certain amount of carbon dioxide, place sample a period of time, stable up to the liquefaction of plastics sand.
3, open the CCD digital camera, and adjust its height, the record hemisphere is at the initial position of horizontal ordinate grid one side of model casing, and by data acquisition system (DAS) detect moving pulling force sensor, whether the manometric reading of soil pressure cell and hole normal.The operation buncher, the pulling wire makes hemisphere move straight up with certain speed, and data acquisition system (DAS) records the variation of moving pulling force sensor, the manometric reading of soil pressure cell and hole simultaneously, and the CCD digital camera is taken hemispheroidal motion process.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are:
(1) utilizes the liquefaction of plastics sand and sodium chloride solution simulation sand, can obtain to stablize, lasting and high hole pressure ratio liquefaction arbitrarily.
(2) Zhuan Zhi cost cost is low, and easy operating is for convenience detach.
(3) be not vulnerable to the external disturbance influence in the process of the test, by PIV system acquisition test figure, precision is higher.
(4) design of fixed pulley makes organic glass hemisphere can carry out bidirectional-movement, thereby carries out parallel experiment, improves test efficiency greatly.
Description of drawings
The front elevation of Fig. 1 test unit of the present invention
The vertical view of Fig. 2 test unit of the present invention
Fig. 3 PIV system front elevation
Among the figure: 1, model casing, 2, horizontal table, 3, bolt, 4, pedestal, 5, bearing, 6, support platform, 7, support, 8, buncher, 9, bearing, 10, wire, 11, moving pulling force sensor, 12, hemisphere, 13, fixed pulley, 14, soil pressure cell, 15, the hole pressure gauge, 16, mobile foundation, 17, hoistable platform, 18, support, 19, CCD digital camera, 20, sodium chloride solution, 21, plastics sand.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Protection scope of the present invention is not limited with embodiment, but is limited by claim.
Embodiment:
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, a kind of test unit of observing high hole pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics comprises model casing (1), horizontal table (2), bolt (3), pedestal (4), bearing (5), support platform (6), support (7), buncher (8), bearing (9), wire (10), moving pulling force sensor (11), hemisphere (12), fixed pulley (13), soil pressure cell (14), hole pressure gauge (15), mobile foundation (16), hoistable platform (17), support (18), CCD digital camera (19), sodium chloride solution (20), plastics sand (21).
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, model casing (1) adopts the transparent organic glass material to make; The pedestal (4) of model casing (1) and exterior support (5) are provided with equidistant bolt (3) hole, by bolt (3) pedestal (4) and the bearing (5) of model casing (1) bottom are fixed on horizontal table (2).By organic glass glue fixed pulley (13) is close to model casing (1) sidewall and is fixed on model casing (1) bottom; Support platform (6) is installed on the support (7), and the buncher (8) that tape spool holds (9) is fixed in support platform (6); Support (7) stands on outside the model casing (1); Buncher (8) connects moving pulling force sensor (11) by bearing (9) traction steel wire line (10), moving pulling force sensor (11) other end traction steel wire line (10) connects hemisphere, and hemisphere (12) is close to model casing (1) sidewall and is placed model casing (1) bottom; Model casing (1) is built-in with plastics sand (21) and sodium chloride solution (20).
As shown in Figure 3, the PIV system is made up of removable worktable and CCD digital camera (19) two parts.Removable worktable comprises mobile foundation (16), hoistable platform (17) and (18) three parts of support; Have equidistant bolt (3) hole on the mobile foundation (16), by bolt (3) according to the stationkeeping of Fig. 2 in horizontal table (2); Hoistable platform (17) can be gone up vertical motion at the support (18) of mobile foundation (16).CCD digital camera (19) is fixed on the hoistable platform (17).
A kind of test method of observing high hole pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics, its major technique step is:
1, buncher (8) is drawn wire (10) by bearing (9), the other end of wire is connected the upper end annulus of moving pulling force sensor (11), moving pulling force sensor (11) lower end annulus draws another root wire (10) and connects hemisphere (12), and hemisphere (12) is close to the inwall that model casing (1) has horizontal ordinate grid one side and is placed model casing (1) bottom; The vertical stretching wire of deadweight effect (10) by hemisphere (12) and moving pulling force sensor (11).
2, the plastics sand (21) of in model casing (1), evenly packing into and configuring, the dress sample specifies the calibration place to stop to the horizontal ordinate grid of model casing (1), places soil pressure cell (14) and hole pressure gauge (15) at this layer plastics sand (21) upper surface; The sodium chloride solution (20) of the prescribed concentration that configures is slowly poured in the model casing (1), in the sample of plastics sand (21) and sodium chloride solution (20) composition, evenly feed a certain amount of carbon dioxide, place sample a period of time, stable up to plastics sand (21) liquefaction.
3, open CCD digital camera (19), and adjust it highly, record hemisphere (12) is at the initial position of horizontal ordinate grid one side of model casing (1), and whether detect the reading that moves pulling force sensor (11), soil pressure cell (14) and hole pressure gauge (15) by data acquisition system (DAS) normal.Operation buncher (8), pulling wire (10) makes hemisphere (12) move straight up with certain speed, data acquisition system (DAS) records the variation of the reading of moving pulling force sensor (11), soil pressure cell (14) and hole pressure gauge (15) simultaneously, and CCD digital camera (19) is taken the motion process of hemisphere (12).
Claims (6)
1. the test unit of an observation high hole pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics, comprise: model casing, buncher, support, horizontal table and PIV system is characterized in that: model casing posts a side inwall of horizontal ordinate grid and is made by the transparent organic glass material; The pedestal of model casing is provided with equidistant bolt hole, by bolt model casing is fixed on the horizontal table; The model casing bottom is equipped with a fixed pulley; Support stands on outside the model casing, and buncher is installed in a top of the trellis, draws a pulling force sensor and a hemispheroidal wire by the bearing of buncher; Place plastics sand and sodium chloride solution in the model casing; Plastics sand particle density is 1.14g/cm
3, sodium chloride solution density disposes according to the needed high hole of test pressure ratio state; The PIV system is made up of removable worktable and CCD digital camera.
2. the test unit of the high hole of observation according to claim 1 pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics, it is characterized in that: the scale division value of described horizontal ordinate grid is 1mm.
3. the test unit of the high hole of observation according to claim 1 pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics, it is characterized in that: described hemisphere is made by pmma material, the line position on the center of circle, hemisphere bottom surface and cambered surface top is drilled with hole, wire can pass from hole, makes hemisphere to be connected preferably with wire.
4. the test unit of the high hole of observation according to claim 1 pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics, it is characterized in that: the wire of described connection hemisphere, pulling force sensor and buncher bearing, be a kind of good toughness that has, stressed being evenly distributed, the material of characteristics such as not yielding.
5. the test unit of the high hole of observation according to claim 1 pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics is characterized in that: the normal sands grain composition configuration that described plastics sand is simulated according to test by the particle of 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.75 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm and eight kinds of specifications of 1.5 mm forms.
6. test method based on the test unit of the high hole of the described observation of claim 1 pressure ratio liquefied sand flow characteristics may further comprise the steps:
(1), buncher is drawn wire by bearing, the other end of wire is connected the upper end annulus of moving pulling force sensor, moving pulling force sensor lower end annulus draws another root wire and connects hemisphere, and hemisphere is close to the inwall that model casing has horizontal ordinate grid one side and is placed the model casing bottom; By the vertical stretching wire of the deadweight effect of hemisphere and moving pulling force sensor;
(2), the plastics sand of in model casing, evenly packing into and configuring, the dress sample specifies the calibration place to stop to the horizontal ordinate grid of model casing, at this layer plastics sand upper surface placement soil pressure cell and hole pressure gauge; The sodium chloride solution of the prescribed concentration that configures is slowly poured in the model casing, in the sample that plastics sand and sodium chloride solution are formed, evenly fed a certain amount of carbon dioxide, place sample a period of time, stable up to the liquefaction of plastics sand;
(3), open the CCD digital camera, and adjust it highly, the record hemisphere is at the initial position of horizontal ordinate grid one side of model casing, and by data acquisition system (DAS) detect moving pulling force sensor, whether the manometric reading of soil pressure cell and hole normal, the operation buncher, the pulling wire makes hemisphere move straight up with certain speed, data acquisition system (DAS) records the variation of moving pulling force sensor, the manometric reading of soil pressure cell and hole simultaneously, and the CCD digital camera is taken hemispheroidal motion process.
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| CN201310208881.1A CN103293081B (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2013-05-30 | A kind of experimental rig and method of observing high hole pressure ratio liquefied sand flow behavior |
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| CN104007044A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-08-27 | 山东大学 | Ball-dragging-type viscometer |
| CN106680064A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-05-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Automatic fast desalination device and method of calcareous sand |
| CN114414615A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-04-29 | 深圳市祥为测控技术有限公司 | Anti-freezing composite coating performance detection device and detection method thereof |
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| CN114414615A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-04-29 | 深圳市祥为测控技术有限公司 | Anti-freezing composite coating performance detection device and detection method thereof |
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