CN104007044A - Ball-dragging-type viscometer - Google Patents
Ball-dragging-type viscometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104007044A CN104007044A CN201410271760.6A CN201410271760A CN104007044A CN 104007044 A CN104007044 A CN 104007044A CN 201410271760 A CN201410271760 A CN 201410271760A CN 104007044 A CN104007044 A CN 104007044A
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- housing
- dragging
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ball-dragging-type viscometer. The ball-dragging-type viscometer is suitable for liquid with small viscosity coefficients as well as non-transparent liquid and high in measurement accuracy. According to the structure, the ball-dragging-type viscometer comprises a shell, a screw drive mechanism, a speed control system and a tension detection system are arranged in the shell, and the speed control system structurally comprises a controller, a servo motor, a motor driver and a rotary encoder, wherein the servo motor is connected with the controller through the motor driver and the rotary encoder is connected with the controller. According to the ball-dragging-type viscometer, a traditional ball falling method is replaced by a ball dragging method, namely, a ball is dragged at constant and low speed through the screw drive mechanism, so that the ball moves upwards at given speed and the viscosity of liquid is calculated according the Stokes formula shown in the specification according to measurement of tension borne by the ball. The ball-dragging-type viscometer has the advantages of being convenient to use, capable of immediately conducting repeated measurement, simple in structure, capable of easily achieving automatic measurement and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one and drag ball viscometer.
Background technology
Viscosity measurement plays a very important role at many industrial sectors and field of scientific study tool, very extensive in sector applications such as oil, chemical industry, medical science, the design of for example oil pipeline, the quality restriction of various petroleum products and paint etc., all need to carry out viscosity measurement.The method of measuring liquid viscosity (coefficient of viscosity) is many, according to the size of viscosity, respectively there is corresponding measuring method, as falling ball method, capillary tube technique and rotating-cylinder method etc., wherein falling ball method is the most basic one, and it has simple and easy to do feature, but this method is only applicable to measure larger, the transparent or semitransparent liquid of the coefficient of viscosity, measuring accuracy is lower, is also unfavorable for automatic measurement.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides one and drag ball viscometer, be applicable to the liquid that the coefficient of viscosity is little, be also applicable to opaque liquid, measuring accuracy is high.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
One is dragged ball viscometer, comprise housing, in housing, be provided with screw-drive mechanism, speed control system and pulling force detection system, wherein, the structure of speed control system is: comprise controller (or being referred to as microprocessor), servomotor, motor driver, rotary encoder, wherein, servomotor is connected with controller by motor driver, and rotary encoder is connected with controller;
The structure of screw-drive mechanism is: comprise drive assembly (being made up of servomotor, rotary encoder, variator), shaft coupling, screw rod, nut block parts, guide pole, Hall limit switch, wherein, drive assembly, shaft coupling, screw rod connect successively, nut block parts are located on screw rod, nut block parts are provided with magnet, Hall limit switch is fixed on bracket, Hall limit switch is connected (Hall limit switch has two, and magnet and Hall limit switch are used for limiting the upper-lower position of nut block component movement jointly) with controller;
The structure of pulling force detection system is: comprise photoelectrical position sensor, electromagnetic force balance sensor, amplifying circuit, PID regulator, comparer, saw-toothed wave generator, constant current source, current controller, bead, measuring cup, wherein, photoelectrical position sensor is connected with controller by amplifying circuit, PID regulator, comparer, saw-toothed wave generator successively, electromagnetic force balance sensor, constant current source, comparer are connected with current regulator respectively, and comparer, current regulator are also directly connected with controller; Bead is connected with electromagnetic force balance sensor by suspension, and bead is positioned at measuring cup, and measuring cup is placed on nut block parts;
On controller, be also connected with keyboard input module and LCD display module, controller is fixed on control panel (while specifically application, can on housing, be provided with panel, on keyboard input module and LCD display module fixed panel, so that input and demonstration, this is routine techniques means), control panel is fixed on housing bottom;
Amplifying circuit, PID regulator, comparer, saw-toothed wave generator, constant current source, current regulator are fixed on pulling force testing circuit plate assembly;
Photoelectrical position sensor is fixed on electromagnetic force balance sensor, and pulling force testing circuit plate assembly, electromagnetic force balance sensor are fixed on holder, and holder is fixed on case top, between holder and housing, is provided with rubber absorbers;
Motor driver is fixed on housing bottom;
Drive assembly (servomotor, rotary encoder, variator), screw rod are fixed on bracket, and guide pole is fixed on bracket, and through nut block parts, play the guiding role;
Bracket is fixed on housing bottom, between bracket and housing, is provided with rubber absorbers.
Further, described bracket is fixed on housing by set bolt.
The effect of described screw-drive mechanism is the rectilinear motion that rotatablely moving of servomotor is become to slide block, and in order to drag bead motion, its principle of work is proven technique in prior art, does not repeat them here.
The effect of described speed control system is the rotating speed of controlling servomotor, and the movement velocity of bead is stabilized on set-point, and its principle of work is proven technique in prior art, does not repeat them here.
The effect of described pulling force detection system is that pulling force is measured, and its principle of work is proven technique in prior art, does not repeat them here.
Measuring principle of dragging ball viscometer of the present invention is: according to Stokes' law, in the liquid that is η in viscosity, radius is that the viscosity resistance that bead that r, movement velocity are v is subject to is
f=6л ηr v (1)
When bead is when at the uniform velocity straight line moves upward, its suffered tensile force f, buoyancy F
1, gravity mg, viscosity resistance f tetra-dynamic balances (force analysis as shown in Figure 5),
F+F
1-mg-f=0 (2)
Formula (2) is rewritten as
f=F-(mg-F
1) (3)
Measure respectively the poor (mg-F of tensile force f, gravity and buoyancy according to formula (3)
1), can obtain f, measuring process is:
Make v=0 (f=0), measure (mg-F
1) value;
Make v equal set-point, measure the value of F;
Measure again bead radius r, by formula f=6 л η r v, can obtain the coefficient of viscosity η of liquid:
η=f/6лr v
Note: can (a shilling v=0 records the poor of gravity and buoyancy, then zero clearing by can directly measure the value of viscosity resistance f to instrument zero clearing.Make v equal set-point, measured value is viscosity resistance f) again.
The course of work of dragging ball viscometer of the present invention is: first, pour testing liquid in measuring cup (liquid level approaches measuring cup upper end), then, screw rod in screw-drive mechanism rotates under the drive of motor, make nut block parts (make reynolds number Re < 1 with constant and very little speed, ensure not turbulization) upper and lower rectilinear motion, thereby drive measuring cup to move up and down, the relative testing liquid of bead moves up and down, measure seasonal measuring cup (being nut block parts) and move downward the relative liquid of bead move upward (from upper Hall switch) with given speed, measure by electromagnetic force balance sensor the pulling force that bead is subject to, according to Stokes formula, (f=6 л η r v) calculates the viscosity of liquid again.
The ball viscometer that drags of the present invention, replace traditional falling ball method with " drag method ", use a screw-drive mechanism (to make reynolds number Re < 1 with constant and very little speed, ensure not turbulization) dilatory bead, it is moved upward by given speed, by measuring the pulling force that is subject to of bead, then (f=6 л η r v) calculates the viscosity of liquid according to Stokes formula.
The ball viscometer that drags of the present invention, compared with traditional falling ball viscometer, has the following advantages:
1) owing to replacing traditional falling ball method with " drag method ", the movement velocity of bead can be set arbitrarily, in the time measuring the little liquid of viscosity, can fully meet reynolds number Re <1 (Re=2r v ρ
0/ η, ρ
0for fluid density), ensure not turbulization, therefore widened the measurement range of viscosity, not only can measure the liquid that viscosity is large, also (and it is relevant to viscosity to measure by falling ball method the terminal velocity v that bead falls when liquid viscosity can to measure the liquid that viscosity is little, in the time that liquid viscosity is smaller, the terminal velocity of bead is very large, reynolds number Re >>1 meeting turbulization, Stokes formula is no longer set up).
2) because electromagnetic force balance sensor has very high sensitivity and precision (absolute precision scale division value can reach 0.01 milligram), can measure very little viscosity resistance, therefore measurement sensitivity and the ratio of precision of this instrument are higher.
3) because viscosity obtains (whether transparent irrelevant with liquid) by measuring pulling force, viscosity that therefore can measurement for opaque liquid.
4) do not need density measurement and carry out speed correction (speed is given).
5) be dilatory method due to what adopt, therefore can replace bead with the large cylinder of area or rectangular slab, can increasing like this viscosity resistance, the sensitivity of instrument is further improved (is that known liquid is as standard by viscosity when measurement, instrument is calibrated, measure instrument constant k, have f=k η v, it,, according to being Newton's law of viscosity, is known physics general knowledge).
In addition, the present invention also have easy to use, can carry out immediately duplicate measurements, simple in structure, be easy to realize the advantages such as automatic measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1: the structural representation that drags ball viscometer of the present invention.
The front view of Fig. 2: Fig. 1.
Fig. 3: the screw mechanism transmission sketch that drags ball viscometer of the present invention.
Fig. 4: the circuit theory schematic diagram that drags ball viscometer of the present invention.
Fig. 5: bead force analysis schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1, photoelectrical position sensor; 2, pulling force testing circuit plate assembly; 3, bracket; 4, Hall limit switch; 5, nut block parts; 6, magnet; 7, screw rod; 8, shaft coupling; 9, drive assembly; 10, rubber shock absorber; 11, holder; 12, electromagnetic force balance sensor; 13, suspension; 14, measuring cup; 15, bead; 16, guide pole; 17, set bolt; 18, control panel; 19, housing; 20, variator; 21, amplifier; 22, PID regulator; 23, comparer; 24, saw-toothed wave generator; 25, controller; 26, motor driver; 27, servomotor; 28, rotary encoder; 29, current regulator; 30, LCD display module; 31, connect key load module; 32, constant current source.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
One is dragged ball viscometer, comprise housing 19, in housing 19, be provided with screw-drive mechanism, speed control system and pulling force detection system, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, wherein, the structure of speed control system is: comprise controller 25, servomotor 27, motor driver 26, rotary encoder 28, wherein, servomotor 27 is connected with controller 25 by motor driver 26, and rotary encoder 28 is connected with controller 25;
The structure of screw-drive mechanism is: comprise that drive assembly 9 is (by servomotor 27, rotary encoder 28, variator 20 forms), shaft coupling 8, screw rod 7, nut block parts 5, guide pole 16, Hall limit switch 4, as shown in Figure 3, wherein, drive assembly 9, shaft coupling 8, screw rod 7 connects successively, nut block parts 5 are located on screw rod 7, nut block parts 5 are provided with magnet 6, Hall limit switch 4 is fixed on bracket 3, Hall limit switch 4 is connected with controller 25 that (Hall limit switch 4 has two, magnet 6 and Hall limit switch 4 are used for limiting the upper-lower position that nut block parts 5 move jointly),
The structure of pulling force detection system is: comprise photoelectrical position sensor 1, electromagnetic force balance sensor 12, amplifying circuit 21, PID regulator 22, comparer 23, saw-toothed wave generator 24, constant current source 32, current controller 29, bead 15, measuring cup 14, wherein, photoelectrical position sensor 1 is successively by amplifying circuit 21, PID regulator 22, comparer 23, saw-toothed wave generator 24 is connected with controller 25, electromagnetic force balance sensor 12, constant current source 32, comparer 23 is connected with current regulator 29 respectively, comparer 23, current regulator 29 is also directly connected with controller 25, as shown in Figure 4, bead 15 is connected with electromagnetic force balance sensor 12 by suspension 13, and bead 15 is positioned at measuring cup 14, and measuring cup 14 is placed on nut block parts 5,
On controller 25, be also connected with keyboard input module 31 and LCD display module 30, controller 25 is fixed on control panel 18 (while specifically application, can on housing 19, be provided with panel, on keyboard input module 31 and LCD display module 30 fixed panels, so that input and demonstration, this is routine techniques means), control panel 18 is fixed on housing 19 bottoms;
Amplifying circuit 21, PID regulator 22, comparer 23, saw-toothed wave generator 24, constant current source 32, current regulator 29 are fixed on pulling force testing circuit plate assembly 2;
Photoelectrical position sensor 1 is fixed on electromagnetic force balance sensor 12, pulling force testing circuit plate assembly 2, electromagnetic force balance sensor 12 are fixed on holder 11, holder 11 is fixed on housing 19 tops, between holder 11 and housing 19, is provided with rubber absorbers 10;
Motor driver 26 is fixed on housing 19 bottoms;
Drive assembly 9 (servomotor 27, rotary encoder 28, variator 20), screw rod 7 are fixed on bracket 3, and guide pole 16 is fixed on bracket 3, and through nut block parts 5, play the guiding role;
Bracket 3 is crossed set bolt 17 and is fixed on housing 19 bottoms, between bracket 3 and housing 19, is provided with rubber absorbers 10.
Measuring principle of dragging ball viscometer of the present invention is: according to Stokes' law, in the liquid that is η in viscosity, radius is that the viscosity resistance that bead that r, movement velocity are v is subject to is
f=6л ηr v (1)
When bead is when at the uniform velocity straight line moves upward, its suffered tensile force f, buoyancy F
1, gravity mg, viscosity resistance f tetra-dynamic balances (force analysis as shown in Figure 5),
F+F
1-mg-f=0 (2)
Formula (2) is rewritten as
f=F-(mg-F
1) (3)
Measure respectively the poor (mg-F of tensile force f, gravity and buoyancy according to formula (3)
1), can obtain f, measuring process is:
Make v=0 (f=0), measure (mg-F
1) value;
Make v equal set-point, measure the value of F;
Measure again bead radius r, by formula f=6 л η r v, can obtain the coefficient of viscosity η of liquid:
η=f/6лr v
Note: can (a shilling v=0 records the poor of gravity and buoyancy, then zero clearing by can directly measure the value of viscosity resistance f to instrument zero clearing.Make v equal set-point, measured value is viscosity resistance f) again.
The course of work of dragging ball viscometer of the present invention is: first, pour testing liquid in measuring cup (liquid level approaches measuring cup upper end), then, screw rod in screw-drive mechanism rotates under the drive of motor, make nut block parts (make reynolds number Re < 1 with constant and very little speed, ensure not turbulization) upper and lower rectilinear motion, thereby drive measuring cup to move up and down, the relative testing liquid of bead moves up and down, measure seasonal measuring cup (nut block parts) and move downward the relative liquid of bead move upward (from upper Hall switch) with given speed, measure by electromagnetic force balance sensor the pulling force that bead is subject to, according to Stokes formula, (f=6 л η r v) calculates the viscosity of liquid again.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is dragged ball viscometer, it is characterized in that: comprise housing (19), in housing (19), be provided with screw-drive mechanism, speed control system and pulling force detection system, wherein, the structure of speed control system is: comprise controller (25), servomotor (27), motor driver (26), rotary encoder (28), wherein, servomotor (27) is connected with controller (25) by motor driver (26), and rotary encoder (28) is connected with controller (25);
The structure of screw-drive mechanism is: comprise by servomotor (27), rotary encoder (28), the drive assembly (9) of variator (20) composition, and shaft coupling (8), screw rod (7), nut block parts (5), guide pole (16), Hall limit switch (4), wherein, drive assembly (9), shaft coupling (8), screw rod (7) connects successively, nut block parts (5) are located on screw rod (7), nut block parts (5) are provided with magnet (6), Hall limit switch (4) is fixed on bracket (3), Hall limit switch (4) is connected with controller (25),
The structure of pulling force detection system is: comprise photoelectrical position sensor (1), electromagnetic force balance sensor (12), amplifying circuit (21), PID regulator (22), comparer (23), saw-toothed wave generator (24), constant current source (32), current controller (29), bead (15), measuring cup (14), wherein, photoelectrical position sensor (1) is successively by amplifying circuit (21), PID regulator (22), comparer (23), saw-toothed wave generator (24) is connected with controller (25), electromagnetic force balance sensor (12), constant current source (32), comparer (23) is connected with current regulator (29) respectively, comparer (23), current regulator (29) is also directly connected with controller (25), bead (15) is connected with electromagnetic force balance sensor (12) by suspension (13), bead (15) is positioned at measuring cup (14), and measuring cup (14) is placed on nut block parts (5),
It is upper that controller (25) is fixed on control panel (18), and control panel (18) is fixed on housing (19) bottom;
Amplifying circuit (21), PID regulator (22), comparer (23), saw-toothed wave generator (24), constant current source (32), current regulator (29) are fixed on pulling force testing circuit plate assembly (2);
Photoelectrical position sensor (1) is fixed on electromagnetic force balance sensor (12), it is upper that pulling force testing circuit plate assembly (2), electromagnetic force balance sensor (12) are fixed on holder (11), and holder (11) is fixed on housing (19) top;
Motor driver (26) is fixed on housing (19) bottom;
It is upper that drive assembly (9), screw rod (7) are fixed on bracket (3), and it is upper that guide pole (16) is fixed on bracket (3), and through nut block parts (5), play the guiding role;
Bracket (3) is fixed on housing (19) bottom.
2. the ball viscometer that drags according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between described holder (11) and housing (19), be provided with rubber absorbers (10).
3. the ball viscometer that drags according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between described bracket (3) and housing (19), be provided with rubber absorbers (10).
4. the ball viscometer that drags according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described bracket (3) is fixed on housing (19) by set bolt (17).
5. the ball viscometer that drags according to claim 1, is characterized in that: on described controller (25), be also connected with keyboard input module (31) and LCD display module (30).
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CN201410271760.6A CN104007044B (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2014-06-18 | One drags ball viscometer |
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CN201410271760.6A CN104007044B (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2014-06-18 | One drags ball viscometer |
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CN104007044B CN104007044B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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CN105606491A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-05-25 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Experimental device and method for measuring liquid viscosity coefficient through U-shaped tube |
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CN106680148A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-05-17 | 钦州学院 | Viscosity testing device and testing method thereof |
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JPS56137133A (en) * | 1980-03-29 | 1981-10-26 | Toda Kogyo Corp | Falling body type viscometer |
CN201184864Y (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-01-21 | 王路阳 | On-line detection viscosity sensor |
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CN103293081A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-11 | 河海大学 | Test device and method for observing flow characteristic of high-pore-pressure-ratio liquefied sandy soil |
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CN106290146B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2020-04-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Dragging type concretion strength tester and method thereof |
CN105606491A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-05-25 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Experimental device and method for measuring liquid viscosity coefficient through U-shaped tube |
CN106680148A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-05-17 | 钦州学院 | Viscosity testing device and testing method thereof |
CN110193000A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-03 | 莆田市涵江区江夏芦荟开发有限公司 | A kind of aloe face pack production technology and aloe face pack |
CN110200886A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-06 | 莆田市涵江区江夏芦荟开发有限公司 | A kind of system preparing aloe face pack |
CN110320017A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-11 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | A kind of smart home, which is beaten eggs, dismisses condition detection method |
CN110231250A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-13 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | A kind of system for detecting epoxy resin viscosity |
CN110220820A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-10 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | A kind of system for dismissing situation for intelligent measurement egg |
CN110208146A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-06 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | A kind of detection method of epoxy resin viscosity |
CN110320017B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-06-08 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | Intelligent home egg-breaking and egg-breaking state detection method |
CN110220820B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2022-03-29 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | System for intelligently detecting egg breaking condition |
CN110208146B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2022-03-29 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | Method for detecting viscosity of epoxy resin |
CN110231250B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2022-03-29 | 莆田市烛火信息技术有限公司 | System for be used for detecting epoxy viscosity |
CN112924330A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 重庆大学 | Oil viscosity detector |
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