CN104003411B - A kind of for absorbing high temperature CO2The preparation method of lithium silicate porous material - Google Patents
A kind of for absorbing high temperature CO2The preparation method of lithium silicate porous material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of for absorbing high temperature CO2The preparation method of lithium silicate porous material, it is using lithium nitrate as lithium source and oxygenant, using tetraethoxy as silicon source, using citric acid as complexing agent and fuel, with the mixed solution of second alcohol and water as solvent, adopts sol-gel combustion synthesis method. First citric acid and lithium nitrate are dissolved in solvent, then add tetraethoxy, obtain presoma through hydrolysis, sol gel, ageing, drying, light in atmosphere after presoma compression moulding, namely obtain can be used for after burning absorbing high temperature CO2Lithium silicate porous material. Lithium silicate porous material even pore distribution prepared by this inventive method, carbon dioxide absorption is active high. Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts sol-gel combustion synthesis method directly to prepare lithium silicate porous material, simplifies technical process, and the equipment without the need to complex and expensive, it is easy to realize suitability for industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for absorbing high temperature CO2The preparation method of lithium silicate porous material, this material is for absorbing the high temperature CO of the air flue emission such as power station, cement mill2, belong to environmentally conscious materials field.
Technical background
In recent years, climate warming has become a global environmental problem, the CO in air2The increase of isothermal chamber gas content and the Greenhouse effect that cause are the major causes causing climate warming. At present, the whole world is to CO2The requirement reduced discharging is day by day urgent, to CO2Isolation technique is challenged, it is desired to develop be adapted at analog flue environment under absorb high temperature CO2Chemical absorber, reach and reduce greenhouse gas emission Appropriate application CO2The target of sustainable development of resource.
At present, to high temperature CO2The research of chemical absorber is still very many.For the consideration of raw material sources, cost and receptivity, calcium oxide (CaO) was once regarded as high temperature CO2The preferred material of absorption agent, was once becoming research focus. But CaO is as CO2The features such as absorption agent exists decomposition temperature height, and energy consumption of reaction is big, and after repeatedly cyclic absorption regenerates, CO2Absorptive capacity declines, and has influence on its application industrially. By contrast, lithium salt absorption agent, such as lithium silicate (Li4SiO4) and lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3) CO of self quality 36.66% and 28.76% can be absorbed in theory2. Wherein lithium silicate is with its big absorbed dose, high uptake rate, low CO2Good assimilating activity under concentration, and good physical performance, good cycling stability, at H2O deposits and is conducive to CO in case2The features such as absorption so that it is become the high temperature CO quite having commercial competitiveness2Absorption agent.
Wang Yinjie etc. are the SiO of 1:2 by mol ratio2With Li2CO3Within 6 hours, pure lithium silicate can be synthesized, at 100% concentration C O 750 DEG C of insulations2Under atmosphere, 700 DEG C of insulations absorb and reach balance for 15 minutes, and absorbed dose is up to 43wt%. Sun book literary compositions etc. are same with SiO2With Li2CO3For raw material, research proportioning, ball milling time, synthesis temperature and generated time are to lithium silicate synthesis and absorb CO2Impact, result take mol ratio as the SiO of 1:2.32With Li2CO3, 3 hours ball milling time, the lithium silicate assimilation effect being incubated synthesis in 8 hours at 750 DEG C is best, reaches more than 30wt%. Except with chemical reagent SiO2As outside silicon source, Chinese scholars also studied taking the higher mineral of silicon content if silicon ash, flying dust, diatomite and rice husk ash etc. are as silicon source, according to solid phase method at high temperature synthetic silicic acid lithium. In addition, the research of the synthetic silicic acid lithium such as the precipitator method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal method also has report. But current research report is still confined to the preparation of silicic acid powder for lithium, and the preparation of the lithium silicate with vesicular structure but rarely has report. Zhong Chuan and bright etc. points out in data (patent No. 00108881.5), for high temperature CO2Absorbing, the lithium silicate of vesicular structure has more practicality than powder body. Therefore, develop lithium silicate porous material technology of preparing to it as high temperature CO2The application of absorption agent has positive effect.
As a kind of high temperature CO2Absorbing material, its preparation process itself also should reduce energy consumption as much as possible to reduce CO2Discharge. Traditional solid phase method often needs higher calcining temperature and longer calcination time, will consume a large amount of energy. Conbustion synthesis utilizes external heat source by presoma local or overall heating, when temperature reaches ignition temperature, remove external heat source, solid utilize feed particles occur solid-or a large amount of reaction heat of releasing of solid-solid/liquid/gas reactions reaction is proceeded, combustion processes vaporization at high temperature falls impurity and makes product purification, and then all raw material reactions are complete obtains reaction product. High-temp combustion synthesis method and low-temperature combustion synthesis can be divided into according to the temperature of point of ignition. Sol-gel combustion synthesis method belongs to low-temperature combustion synthesis, the method have energy-conservation, technique is easy, production efficiency height, the device not needing complexity and costliness and equipment, low cost and other advantages, and the chemical energy that can utilize reaction release realizes synthesis and the sinter molding of material, very advantageous in the preparation of inorganic ceramic material simultaneously.
Up to now, there is not yet employing sol-gel combustion synthesis method and prepare high temperature absorption CO2Lithium silicate porous material patent of invention, research document report.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: provide a kind of and absorb high temperature CO2The preparation method of lithium silicate porous material, it adopts sol-gel combustion synthesis method, the combustion reactions between lithium nitrate and citric acid is utilized to provide energy, the high temperature of burning impels lithium silicate to generate and sintering, the hole that products of combustion volatilization stays forms the structure of porous, thus obtains lithium silicate porous material.Not only technique is simple for the method, cost is low, and the lithium silicate porous material porous nickel synthesized, and crystal grain is tiny, CO2Adsorption activity height.
The present invention adopts collosol and gel-a kind of high temperature of combustion synthesis technology preparation to absorb CO2Lithium silicate porous material, concrete processing step is as follows:
(1) lithium nitrate is dissolved in the mixed solvent of second alcohol and water, then adds citric acid, stir and evenly obtain solution A.
In the mixed solvent of described second alcohol and water, the volume content of ethanol is 40vol%～70vol%, and ethanol content is too low or too high hydrolysis and the sol gel process being all unfavorable for later stage tetraethoxy;
Preferred, the volume content of ethanol is 50vol%～60vol%;
In described solution, the concentration of lithium nitrate can be 5mol/L;
The mol ratio of described citric acid and lithium nitrate is 0.5:4～1:4, the ratio of citric acid and lithium nitrate is difficult to carry out lower than combustion reactions during 0.5:4, cannot complete oxidation higher than citric acid in combustion reactions process during 1:4, have the carbon residual of black, the carbon of residual can hinder the sintering of lithium silicate particle, can not get complete vesicular structure;
Preferred, the mol ratio of citric acid and lithium nitrate is 0.6:4～0.8:4.
(2) being added dropwise to tetraethoxy in the settled solution of step (1) gained, wherein the add-on of tetraethoxy adds by Li and Si mol ratio 4:1, stirs after evenly and obtains solution B.
Described tetraethoxy need to slowly be added dropwise in settled solution, prevents from reacting the excessive generation precipitation of the particle generated.
(3) solution B of heated and stirred step (2) gained, until tetraethoxy complete hydrolysis, and complete sol gel simultaneously and change, obtain clear gel;
The temperature of described heating is 40 DEG C～70 DEG C, and too low in hydrolysis and sol gel process are consuming time too long for temperature, the too high meeting of temperature cause colloidal sol seethe with excitement and be difficult to formed gel;
Preferred, Heating temperature is 50 DEG C～60 DEG C.
(4) by the gel ageing of step (3) gained, then dry, obtain xerogel presoma;
Described ageing temperature is 60 DEG C～80 DEG C, and digestion time is 12～24 hours;
Described drying temperature is 110 DEG C～130 DEG C, and time of drying is 10～24 hours, and temperature is difficult to drying lower than 110 DEG C of gels, and temperature can occur decomposition even to cause gel spontaneous combustion higher than 130 DEG C of lithium nitrates;
Preferred drying conditions is 120 DEG C of dryings 15 hours.
(5) by compression moulding after the xerogel grinding of step (4) gained, in air atmosphere, after ignition, obtain having the lithium silicate material of vesicular structure;
Described compression moulding can adopt mould dry-pressing formed, and pressure can be 200Mpa;
Described xerogel presoma can directly be lighted in atmosphere, it is not necessary to preheating;
Described combustion reactions process is (with SiO2Replace the tetraethoxy after hydrolysis) as follows:
36LiNO3+10C6H8O7+9SiO2→9Li4SiO4+60CO2+18N2+40H2O
It should be noted that, due to the product of conbustion synthesis, temperature is higher before cooling, as a kind of lithium silicate porous material absorbing high temperature CO 2, in the middle part of process of cooling divided silicic acid lithium inevitably with the CO of burning release2Reaction:
Li4SiO4+CO2→Li2SiO3+Li2CO3
Thus the product of gained can containing a small amount of Li2SiO3And Li2CO3, lithium silicate porous material step (5) obtained 600 DEG C in atmosphere～700 DEG C calcining both can remove impurity in 2～10 hours, and can not destroy the vesicular structure of lithium silicate and reduce CO2Adsorption activity.
Lithium silicate porous material is to CO2The testing method absorbed:
The lithium silicate porous material prepared in order to top method is to absorb CO2, this lithium silicate porous material is placed in thermogravimetric analyzer and detects, then lead to into carbon dioxide, carry out CO with the ramp to 650 DEG C of 10 DEG C/min constant temperature 30min2Absorption reaction, obtain CO2Specific absorption 20%～35%.
The positively effect of the present invention: the present invention utilizes the chemical energy of reactant, prepare lithium silicate porous material with sol-gel combustion synthesis method, avoid long-time ball milling and calcining that conventional solid-state method synthetic silicic acid lithium needs, reduce energy consumption, decrease the discharge of preparation process percent of greenhouse gases. The lithium silicate porous of synthesis can be used for absorbing the high temperature CO of the discharges such as power plant2Absorb, reclaim carbon resource simultaneously, reduce CO2Discharge, thus play the effect of protection of the environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1. in embodiment 1, the TG-DTA (TG-DTA) of xerogel presoma is analyzed, and test condition is air atmosphere, and 10 DEG C/min heats up.
Fig. 2. the xerogel presoma continuous print combustion processes photo after shaping in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3. electron microscopic (SEM) photo of embodiment 1 mesosilicic acid lithium porous material section, wherein (a) is 200 times of amplifications, and (b) is 2000 times of amplifications.
Fig. 4. the XRD figure spectrum of embodiment 1 mesosilicic acid lithium porous material, obtains after directly burning after presoma compression molding.
Fig. 5. embodiment 5 mesosilicic acid lithium porous material XRD figure spectrum, the lithium silicate porous material after burning in atmosphere 650 DEG C calcining 2 hours after obtain.
Embodiment
The flesh and blood of the present invention is described further, but the content of the present invention is not limited to this below with some examples.
Embodiment 1
Lithium nitrate 0.4mol is dissolved in containing, in the mixed solvent 80ml of the second alcohol and water of ethanol 55vol%, configuration volumetric molar concentration is the lithium nitrate solution of 5mol/L, then adds the citric acid of 0.07mol, stirs and obtains solution A; The tetraethoxy being added dropwise to 0.1mol to the settled solution of lithium nitrate and citric acid, obtains solution B after stirring; 60 DEG C of above-mentioned solution B of heated and stirred two hours, impel tetraethoxy hydrolysis to occur and completes sol-gel transition simultaneously, obtain the gel of g., jelly-like; Gel is placed in baking oven, 70 DEG C of ageings after 12 hours at 120 DEG C dry 15h, obtain xerogel presoma; By xerogel presoma grind into powder, then compression moulding, after ignition, obtain lithium silicate porous material in atmosphere.
The TG-DTA analytical results of xerogel sees Fig. 1, and as can be seen from Figure 1, the point of ignition of xerogel is greatly about 290 DEG C, and low point of ignition is conducive to production operation. The image record of the combustion processes of xerogel sees Fig. 2, as seen from Figure 2, flame is not had during burning, combustion processes is stablized very gently, the velocity of propagation of combustion wave is approximately 1mm/s, obtaining the product of white after burning, the volume of products of combustion has almost no change compared with the presoma before burning. The lithium silicate porous material porous nickel obtained, average crystal grain is less than 5 μm (Fig. 3). Compose (Fig. 4) from the XRD figure of products of combustion and can see that the dominant of product is Li mutually4SiO4, also containing a small amount of Li2SiO3And Li2CO3。
The lithium silicate porous material prepared in order to top method is to absorb CO2, the fritter that this lithium silicate porous material cuts 10 × 10 × 5mm is placed in thermogravimetric analyzer and detects, and then leads to into carbon dioxide, with the ramp to 650 DEG C of 10 DEG C/min and constant temperature 30min carries out CO2Absorption reaction, obtain CO2Specific absorption 28.7%.
Embodiment 2
Lithium nitrate 0.4mol is dissolved in containing in the mixed solvent 80ml of the second alcohol and water of ethanol 55vol%, configuring 2 parts of volumetric molar concentrations is the lithium nitrate solution of 5mol/L, and add the citric acid of 0.05mol and 0.1mol respectively, stirring obtains settled solution, and other technological process and processing parameter are with embodiment 1.
CO is carried out identical with embodiment 1 when2Absorption test, the rate of being absorbed is respectively 26.5% and 24.2%.
Embodiment 3
With reference to configuration 3 parts of solution B of embodiment 1, being hydrolyzed and collosol and gel process under 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C and 70 DEG C of conditions, corresponding hydrolysis time sees table 1. Other technological process and processing parameter are with embodiment 1.
CO is carried out identical with embodiment 1 when2Absorption test, records specific absorption and sees table 1.
Table 1 difference is hydrolyzed and the CO of product at collosol and gel temperature2Specific absorption
Embodiment 4
The temperature changing ageing respectively is 60 DEG C and 80 DEG C, and the drying temperature of gel is 110 DEG C and 130 DEG C, with reference to the change of two processing parameters to product to CO2The impact of specific absorption. When changing in these two techniques any 1, other processing parameter and technological process are with embodiment 1.
CO is carried out identical with embodiment 1 when2Absorption test, records specific absorption as shown in table 2.
The CO of product under the different ageing temperature of table 2 and drying temperature2Specific absorption
| Ageing temperature (DEG C) | 60 | 80 |
| CO2Specific absorption (%) | 28.1 | 29.0 |
| Drying temperature (DEG C) | 110 | 130 |
| CO2Specific absorption (%) | 25.4 | 26.7 |
Embodiment 5
The lithium silicate porous material prepared according to the technical process of embodiment 1, respectively at 600 DEG C, 650 DEG C and 700 DEG C of calcining 2h. Wherein, after 650 DEG C of calcining 2h, the thing of the silicic acid powder for lithium of gained is mutually as shown in Figure 5. As can be seen from Figure 5, product is almost changed into Li completely4SiO4, only have the Li of trace2SiO3And Li2CO3Residual.
CO is carried out identical with embodiment 1 when2Absorption test, records specific absorption as shown in table 3.
Table 3 differing temps calcines the CO of 2 hours after products2Specific absorption
| Calcining temperature (DEG C) | 600 | 650 | 700 |
| CO2 specific absorption (%) | 30.4 | 33.1 | 35.0 |
Claims (3)
1. one kind for absorbing high temperature CO2The preparation method of lithium silicate porous material, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described lithium silicate porous material adopts sol-gel combustion synthesis method, using lithium nitrate as lithium source and oxygenant, using tetraethoxy as silicon source, citric acid is as complexing agent and fuel; Concrete operation comprises the following steps:
(1) lithium nitrate is dissolved in solvent, then adds citric acid in the ratio of citric acid and lithium nitrate mol ratio 0.5:4～1:4, stir and evenly obtain solution A; Described solvent is the mixed solution of water and ethanol, and the volume content of ethanol is 40vol%～70vol%;
(2) adding tetraethoxy in the solution A of step (1) gained, wherein the add-on of tetraethoxy adds than 4:1 by Li atom and Si atomic molar, stirs after evenly and obtains solution B;
(3) solution B of also heating steps (2) gained is stirred, until tetraethoxy complete hydrolysis, and complete sol gel simultaneously and change;
(4) by gel ageing, the drying of step (3) gained, xerogel presoma is obtained;
(5) by compression moulding after the xerogel grinding of step (4) gained, ignition in air atmosphere, namely obtains lithium silicate porous material after burning.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for absorbing high temperature CO2The preparation method of lithium silicate porous material, it is characterised in that: in described step (3), the temperature of hydrolysis and sol-gel transition is 40 DEG C～70 DEG C.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for absorbing high temperature CO2The preparation method of lithium silicate porous material, it is characterised in that: ageing temperature described in described step (4) is 60 DEG C～80 DEG C, and described drying temperature is 110 DEG C～130 DEG C.
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| CN105944705B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-09-18 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of TiO2-SiO2The preparation method of porous material |
| CN105944706B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-09-18 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of SiO2-TiO2The preparation method of porous material |
| CN106362676B (en) * | 2016-10-15 | 2019-05-24 | 新沂市新维气体有限公司 | A kind of system of extensive alcohol hot preparation carbon dioxide absorber |
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| CN108654555A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-16 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of the positive silicic acid lithium material of absorbing carbon dioxide at high temperature |
| CN107029657A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-08-11 | 刘滨 | A kind of preparation method of porous high-temperature carbon dioxide absorbing material |
| CN109647383B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-04-07 | 兰州理工大学 | Nano silver silicate photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109794238B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-04-07 | 兰州理工大学 | rGO/silver silicate composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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