CN104001917A - Powder spreading processing based functionally graded material preparation device and method - Google Patents
Powder spreading processing based functionally graded material preparation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a powder spreading processing based functionally graded material preparation device and method. The powder spreading processing based functionally graded material preparation device comprises a powder spreading device, a feeding device, a powder collecting device and a powder mixing control device; the feeding device, the powder collecting device and the powder mixing control device are connected sequentially from upside to downside through pipelines; the feeding device comprises three powder cylinders, i.e., powder cylinder A, powder cylinder B and powder cylinder C; the powder collecting device comprises a powder collecting chamber; the powder mixing control device is provided; the powder cylinders are connected to the powder collecting chamber through pipelines, and flow controllers and gas power generators are arranged on the pipelines sequentially from upside to downside; a pressure-limiting valve is arranged at the joint of the powder collecting chamber and the powder mixing control device. The functionally graded material which is prepared by adopting the device and method has no obvious interface or separated layer, the gradient change can be realized in a horizontal plane and a vertical plane of substrate during the processing process, good spatial continuity is achieved, direct melting molding of high-melting metal can be realized, and the use range of the functionally graded material is enlarged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser selective melting field shaping technique, relate in particular to a kind of function-graded material preparation facilities and method based on the processing of paving powder.
Background technology
Development along with national defence high-tech and energy technology, the requirement of material property is become to more and more harsher, sometimes according to the difference of external environment, the different parts of same material is had to different specific (special) requirements, in this case, function-graded material (Functionally Graded Material is called for short FGM) the more and more important role of performer.FGM be take CAD as basis, adopts advanced material preparation technology, makes the composition of material, and structure through-thickness changes in gradient, thus a kind of new material that the performance that makes material also changes in gradient.From the structure angle of material, function-graded material and homogeneous material, composite are different.It is to select two kinds of different materials of (or multiple) performance, by changing continuously the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of these two kinds of (or multiple) materials, its interface is disappeared and cause the performance of material slowly to change along with the variation of the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of material, form function-graded material.From the combination of material, function-graded material can be divided into metal/alloy, metal/non-metal, and therefore nonmetal/pottery, metal/ceramic, pottery/multiple combination modes such as pottery, can obtain the material of multiple specific function.In addition, the component structure transitivity parameter of function-graded material is all continuous variation, the both sides of same material have different character or function and energy perfect adaptation, performance due to itself excellence, function-graded material has caused various countries' investigation of materials scholar's great attention, up to now, worked out the multiple function-graded material of preparing the method for function-graded material and preparing many systems.
The design philosophy of function-graded material is that to realize specific function be target, completes the preparation of material by suitable ways and means.Main preparation method has powder metallurgic method, plasma spraying method, chemical vapour deposition technique, physical vapor lamination method, laser cladding, self propagating high temperature synthetic method etc.But that conventional preparation method generally can only manufacturing dimension is little, the function-graded material of simple shape.The technology of preparing that development and application is new, as biomimetic method, microwave synthesize and sintering process, molecular self-assembling method, pressure-free impregnation method, supermolecule composite algorithm, speed forming method, deformation and martensitic phase political reform etc., the impact on technique such as further investigation electricity, magnetic, light, high-energy ray, for the preparation of functionally gradient material (FGM) provides more wide approach.
In recent years, laser selective melting technology (Selective Laser Melting, be called for short SLM) in metal parts 3D printing field, obtained increasing application, SLM technology is a kind of 3D printing technique based on laser fusion metal dust, adopt and increase the basic principle that material is manufactured, first adopt Computer Design to go out the threedimensional model of part, then by special-purpose software, threedimensional model is carried out to slicing delamination, obtain the outline data in cross section, then import quickly shaping device, equipment is according to outline data, control the metal dust that laser beam optionally melts each layer, progressively be stacked into 3-dimensional metal part.Compare with traditional processing method, the advantage of SLM technology be directly to manufacture there is high accuracy, the metal parts of complex geometry, dense structure, satisfactory mechanical property.
SLM technology can only increase to single metal material material manufacture at present, and along with scientific and technological development, complex environment is more and more higher to the requirement of function part, in order to realize, there is specific function, the metal parts 3D of specific (special) requirements prints, the function-graded material based on SLM technology and the preparation of device will bring new innovation and breakthrough.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of function-graded material preparation facilities and method based on the processing of paving powder is provided; It is simple in structure, development cost is low, can realize the straight forming of multiple high melting point metal materials and complex structural member.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A function-graded material preparation facilities based on paving powder processing, comprises power spreading device, and the pay-off connecting successively by pipeline from top to bottom, powder aggregating apparatus, powder mixed control apparatus;
Described pay-off comprises three powder cylinder 1-1, i.e. A powder cylinder, B powder cylinder, C powder cylinder;
Described powder aggregating apparatus comprises that powder collects chamber 2-1;
Described powder mixed control apparatus, comprises buffering screen cloth 3-1, the stirring vane 3-2, gauge tap 3-3, the powder supply port 3-4 that set gradually from top to bottom;
Described powder cylinder 1-1 connects powder by pipeline and collects chamber 2-1, and on this section of pipeline, be disposed with flow controller 1-2 from top to bottom, aerodynamic force generator 1-3;
Described powder collects chamber 2-1 and powder mixed control apparatus interface is provided with pressure limiting valve 2-2.
The pipe interface place that described powder cylinder 1-1 and powder collect chamber 2-1 is also provided with seal washer 1-4.
Described power spreading device comprises that small machine 4-1, the paving of controlling power spreading device motion whitewash 4-2, powder groove 4-3.
The grid of described buffering screen cloth 3-1 is 300 orders; Described stirring vane 3-2 comprises upper and lower two blades.
Above-mentioned preparation facilities is prepared metal dust and is completed the method that part 3D prints, and comprises the steps:
Step 1: first according to consumption, get three kinds of metal dusts, Co metal dust, Cr metal dust, Mo metal dust, be dried respectively processing;
Step 2: three kinds of metal dusts by after dry processing, be respectively charged in each powder cylinder, powder cylinder is added a cover, is sealed, and opens gas shield device 11, in forming room, passes into protection gas;
Step 3: determine that paving bisque is thick, according to paving powder area, calculate for the long-pending V of powder, according to the ratio of every kind of metal dust, regulate the aperture of each flow control valve 1-2;
Step 4: start aerodynamic force generator 1-3, each powder starts to carry along pipeline under aerodynamic force effect, when wherein a kind of supply of metal dust reaches institute's expense, stops corresponding powder and carries;
Step 5: above-mentioned three kinds of metal dusts enter powder and collect in the 2-1 of chamber, under the effect of impacting, tentatively mixes metal dust at gas, and now powder collects chamber 2-1 internal pressure rising;
Step 6: reach when setting value when powder collects chamber 2-1 internal gas pressure, open pressure limiting valve 2-2, continue to collect chamber 2-1 transferring metal powder to powder;
Step 7: collect at powder under the gas pressure of chamber 2-1, cushioned during metal dust process buffering screen cloth 3-1, the metal dust first passing through continues to mix under the effect of stirring vane 3-2, obtains CoCrMo function-graded material;
Step 8: when three kinds of metal dusts mixing conveyings are complete, open gauge tap 3-3, mobile power spreading device 4, when the b of powder supply port 3-4 point with interface a point when relative, the CoCrMo function-graded material preparing is sent into power spreading device, in this simultaneously, power spreading device 4 carries powder setting in motion, and powder is layered on to moulding cylinder 5 surfaces;
Step 9: when above-mentioned steps finishes, start the light path system of printer, laser instrument 10 bright dippings, enter processing plane through isolator 9, beam expanding lens 8, f-θ mirror 7, melting powder moulding, unnecessary powder enters in powder catcher 6, completes and once spreads powder;
Step 10: often completed and once spread after powder, moulding cylinder 5 declines one and processes bed thickness, then proceeds powder and mixes, spreads and send, until machine.
The present invention, with respect to prior art, has following advantage and effect:
(1), the present invention has realized function-graded material preparation and supply, on this basis, give full play to the advantage of laser selective melting technology, can directly manufacture the metal parts with functionally gradient and any complex internal structure, improved the combination property of part.
(2), device is simple, development cost is low, workable, innovation degree is higher, can carry out according to the proportion requirement of composition configuration and the supply of powder.
(3), can realize the processing of high melting point metal alloy material, expanded the scope of rapidoprint, for the further application of metal parts 3D printing technique lays the foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the function-graded material preparation facilities that the present invention is based on paving powder processing is combined with existing shaped device and is applied schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the function-graded material preparation facilities schematic diagram that the present invention is based on the processing of paving powder.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 2 powder supply port and power spreading device.
Fig. 4 is the side view of Fig. 3 power spreading device.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is more specifically described in detail.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1--as shown in the of 4.The invention discloses a kind of function-graded material preparation facilities based on paving powder processing, comprise power spreading device, and the pay-off connecting successively by pipeline from top to bottom, powder aggregating apparatus, powder mixed control apparatus;
Described pay-off comprises three powder cylinder 1-1, i.e. A powder cylinder, B powder cylinder, C powder cylinder;
Described powder aggregating apparatus comprises that powder collects chamber 2-1;
Described powder mixed control apparatus, comprises buffering screen cloth 3-1, the stirring vane 3-2, gauge tap 3-3, the powder supply port 3-4 that set gradually from top to bottom;
Described powder cylinder 1-1 connects powder by pipeline and collects chamber 2-1, and on this section of pipeline, be disposed with flow controller 1-2 from top to bottom, aerodynamic force generator 1-3;
Described powder collects chamber 2-1 and powder mixed control apparatus interface is provided with pressure limiting valve 2-2.
The pipe interface place that described powder cylinder 1-1 and powder collect chamber 2-1 is also provided with seal washer 1-4.
Described power spreading device comprises that small machine 4-1, the paving of controlling power spreading device motion whitewash 4-2, powder groove 4-3.
The grid of described buffering screen cloth 3-1 is 300 orders; Described stirring vane 3-2 comprises upper and lower two blades.
Above-mentioned preparation facilities is prepared metal dust and is completed the method that part 3D prints, and realizes as follows:
Step 1: first according to consumption, get three kinds of metal dusts, Co metal dust, Cr metal dust, Mo metal dust, be dried respectively processing;
Step 2: three kinds of metal dusts by after dry processing, be respectively charged in each powder cylinder, powder cylinder is added a cover, is sealed, and opens gas shield device 11, in forming room, passes into protection gas;
Step 3: determine that paving bisque is thick, according to paving powder area, calculate for the long-pending V of powder, according to the ratio of every kind of metal dust, regulate the aperture of each flow control valve 1-2;
Step 4: start aerodynamic force generator 1-3, each powder starts to carry along pipeline under aerodynamic force effect, when wherein a kind of supply of metal dust reaches institute's expense, stops corresponding powder and carries;
Step 5: above-mentioned three kinds of metal dusts enter powder and collect in the 2-1 of chamber, under the effect of impacting, tentatively mixes metal dust at gas, and now powder collects chamber 2-1 internal pressure rising;
Step 6: reach when setting value when powder collects chamber 2-1 internal gas pressure, open pressure limiting valve 2-2, continue to collect chamber 2-1 transferring metal powder to powder;
Step 7: collect at powder under the gas pressure of chamber 2-1, during metal dust process buffering screen cloth 3-1, cushioned, the metal dust first passing through continues to mix (from top to bottom, each cross section is all uniformly mixed) under the effect of stirring vane 3-2, obtains CoCrMo function-graded material;
Step 8: when three kinds of metal dusts mixing conveyings are complete, open gauge tap 3-3, mobile power spreading device 4, when the b of powder supply port 3-4 point with interface a point when relative, the CoCrMo function-graded material preparing is sent into power spreading device, in this simultaneously, power spreading device 4 carries powder setting in motion, and powder is layered on to moulding cylinder 5 surfaces;
Step 9: when above-mentioned steps finishes, start the light path system of printer, laser instrument 10 bright dippings, enter processing plane through isolator 9, beam expanding lens 8, f-θ mirror 7, melting powder moulding, unnecessary powder enters in powder catcher 6, completes and once spreads powder;
Step 10: often completed and once spread after powder, moulding cylinder 5 declines one and processes bed thickness, then proceeds powder and mixes, spreads and send, until machine.
Adopt the function-graded material of this device preparation without sharp interface or layering, in device process, can in substrate horizontal plane and vertical plane, realize graded, there is good spatial continuity.In addition, the method can realize the direct melt-forming of refractory metal, has expanded the scope of application of function-graded material.
As mentioned above, just can realize preferably the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other are any does not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the function-graded material preparation facilities based on the processing of paving powder, comprises power spreading device, it is characterized in that: also comprise the pay-off, powder aggregating apparatus, the powder mixed control apparatus that by pipeline, connect successively from top to bottom;
Described pay-off comprises three powder cylinders, i.e. A powder cylinder, B powder cylinder, C powder cylinder;
Described powder aggregating apparatus comprises that powder collects chamber;
Described powder mixed control apparatus, comprises the buffering screen cloth, stirring vane, gauge tap, the powder supply port that set gradually from top to bottom;
Described powder cylinder connects powder by pipeline and collects chamber, and on this section of pipeline, be disposed with flow controller from top to bottom, aerodynamic force generator;
Described powder collects chamber and powder mixed control apparatus interface is provided with pressure limiting valve.
2. the function-graded material preparation facilities based on the processing of paving powder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pipe interface place that described powder cylinder and powder collect chamber is also provided with seal washer.
3. the function-graded material preparation facilities based on the processing of paving powder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described power spreading device comprises that small machine, the paving of controlling power spreading device motion are whitewashed, powder groove.
4. the function-graded material preparation facilities based on the processing of paving powder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the grid of described buffering screen cloth is 300 orders; Described stirring vane comprises upper and lower two blades.
5. in employing claim 1 to 4, described in any one, preparation facilities is prepared metal dust and is completed the method that part 3D prints, and it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: first according to consumption, get three kinds of metal dusts, Co metal dust, Cr metal dust, Mo metal dust, be dried respectively processing;
Step 2: three kinds of metal dusts by after dry processing, be respectively charged in each powder cylinder, powder cylinder is added a cover, is sealed, and opens gas shield device, in forming room, passes into protection gas;
Step 3: determine that paving bisque is thick, according to paving powder area, calculate for the long-pending V of powder, according to the ratio of every kind of metal dust, regulate the aperture of each flow control valve;
Step 4: start aerodynamic force generator, each powder starts to carry along pipeline under aerodynamic force effect, when wherein a kind of supply of metal dust reaches institute's expense, stops corresponding powder and carries;
Step 5: above-mentioned three kinds of metal dusts enter powder and collect in chamber, under the effect of impacting, tentatively mixes metal dust at gas, and now powder collects room pressure rising;
Step 6: reach when setting value when powder collects room pressure, open pressure limiting valve, continue to collect chamber transferring metal powder to powder;
Step 7: collect at powder under the gas pressure of chamber, cushioned during metal dust process buffering screen cloth, the metal dust first passing through continues to mix under the effect of stirring vane, obtains CoCrMo function-graded material;
Step 8: when three kinds of metal dusts mixing conveyings are complete, open gauge tap, mobile power spreading device, when the b of powder supply port point with interface a point when relative, the CoCrMo function-graded material preparing is sent into power spreading device, in this simultaneously, power spreading device carries powder setting in motion, and powder is layered on to moulding cylinder surface;
Step 9: when above-mentioned steps finishes, start the light path system of printer, laser instrument bright dipping, enters processing plane through isolator, beam expanding lens, f-θ mirror, melting powder moulding, unnecessary powder enters in powder catcher, completes and once spreads powder;
Step 10: often completed and once spread after powder, moulding cylinder declines one and processes bed thickness, then proceeds powder and mixes, spreads and send, until machine.
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