CN103995051A - Testing device and testing method for recognizing weld defects of orthotropic steel bridge deck slab - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for recognizing weld defects of orthotropic steel bridge deck slab Download PDFInfo
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- CN103995051A CN103995051A CN201410243455.6A CN201410243455A CN103995051A CN 103995051 A CN103995051 A CN 103995051A CN 201410243455 A CN201410243455 A CN 201410243455A CN 103995051 A CN103995051 A CN 103995051A
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- bridge deck
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- steel bridge
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- orthotropic steel
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Abstract
The invention relates to a testing device and a testing method for recognizing weld defects of an orthotropic steel bridge deck slab. The device comprises a signal generator (1), an acoustic emission transducer (2), a receiving transducer (3), an acceleration sensor (4), a signal amplifier (5), a signal acquisition processing system (6) and a hitting hammer (7), wherein the hitting hammer (7) is used for supplying a low frequency vibration signal to the bridge deck slab (8). The method comprises the following steps: calculating and drawing a straight line relationship graph of side frequency energy and hammering energy by utilizing a non-linear ultrasonic amplitude modulation phenomenon, and judging whether weld defects exist on a U rib of the orthotropic steel bridge deck slab by comparing the change of a straight slope. By utilizing the non-linear ultrasonic characteristics after the defects exist on the bridge deck slab, whether the weld defects exist on the welding position of the U rib of the orthotropic steel bridge deck slab and the bridge deck slab can be effectively recognized, the parts of the defects can be judged, and theories and practical methods are provided for recognizing the weld defects at the U rib of the orthotropic steel bridge deck slab.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test unit and method of identifying Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect.
Background technology
Cross bridge floor board is used more and more in greatly across footpath and large span bridge.Show according to statistics, U-shaped rib and bridge floor weld crack are the main damage types of this class formation.After the crackle that cross bridge floor board occurs at weld, if can not be found timely and take corresponding remedial measures, under the direct effect of vehicular load, crack can develop rapidly, cause maintenance cost greatly to improve, serious situation also has a strong impact on bridge usability, to traffic safety, brings very large harm.Therefore, for guaranteeing the safety and reliability of this class formation, just need to propose certain method the weld defect of cross bridge floor board is carried out to ONLINE RECOGNITION, timely evaluating material or On Damage State, predict serviceable life are also formulated early stage maintenance plan.
The position while welding of cross bridge floor board is hidden, detection difficult, and also crack distribution area is wide, need to structural entity, carry out scanning at body structure surface, and traditional lossless detection method has certain limitation.This just requires to find a kind of new effective method such crackle is detected, and this new method first will be to crack-sensitivity, and secondly sensing range wants large.On defect identification method, in Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement, the comparatively ripe Ultrasonic Nondestructive technology of development can provide possible solution route.By distributed sound sensing element, also can provide fault in material in certain area to identify needed coverage requirement.
After material damage, can show very strong nonlinear acoustics effect, utilize the change of material nonlinearity acoustic characteristic to judge whether material occurs that damage is a kind of effective method.But the theory about non-linear ultrasonic characteristic is also not overripened, some non-linear ultrasonic phenomenon still cannot explain, and all has some limitations about the test method of this respect, for some special engineering problems, also requires further study.At present do not have a kind of method of simple possible for the identification of cross bridge floor board weld crack yet.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of test unit and method of identifying Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect is provided, its arrangement convenience, and simple to operate, measurement result can reflect the state of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck welding position.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of test unit of identifying Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect, comprise signal generator, acoustic emission transducer, receiving transducer, acceleration transducer, signal amplifier, signal acquiring processing system and hit vibration hammer, described acoustic emission transducer, receiving transducer and acceleration transducer are attached to decking surface by couplant, the high-frequency ultrasonic signal that described signal generator sends amplifies by acoustic emission transducer entering signal amplifier, signal after amplification is that described signal acquiring processing system obtains, the described vibration hammer that hits is to decking low-frequency vibration signal, and low-frequency vibration signal is that described signal acquiring processing system obtains by acceleration transducer.
In such scheme, described acoustic emission transducer is attached to input point by couplant, and be connected with signal generator, receiving transducer is attached to output point by couplant, and be connected with amplifier, acceleration transducer is attached to vibration output point by couplant, and is connected with signal acquiring processing system.
In such scheme, described steel bridge deck is in suspension status.
The present invention also provides a kind of test method of using above-mentioned test unit identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect, comprises the following steps:
S1, a certain fixed amplitude of sending with signal generator and centre frequency f
uultrasonic signal is as the carrier signal to Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck defect recognition, usings and hits low-frequency vibration that vibration hammer knocks generation as the pumping signal to defect; By repeatedly knocking of repeatedly differing in size, hit the signal that shakes to a plurality of amplitudes of decking low frequencies different, that mode is close, a plurality of differ in size hit the energy that shakes;
S2, by signal acquiring system, obtain the signal of a plurality of passages;
S3, choose low-frequency vibration frequency spectrum [f
v1, f
v2] scope, this scope internal power spectrum is carried out to integration and obtain the low-frequency vibration energy E that ultrasonic signal produces
v; Choose high frequency centre frequency f
uboth sides [f
u-f
v2, f
u-f
v1] and [f
u+ f
v1, f
u+ f
v2] frequency range is as amplitude modulation side frequency scope, and this scope internal power spectrum is carried out to integration obtain the side frequency ENERGY E that ultrasonic signal produces
b;
S4, with side frequency ENERGY E
bfor ordinate, with the ENERGY E of thumping
vfor horizontal ordinate, draw both graphs of a relation of test of many times, carry out fitting a straight line, draw side frequency energy and knocking energy correlation rectilinear, and draw the slope k of this straight line, using this as the characterization parameter of weighing Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck defect state;
S5, the k value that Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck detection is obtained and the k under original state
0value is compared, if change, shows that defectiveness produces; And by Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck under different conditions, detect test, the situation of change of defect recognition development.
In such scheme, the ultrasonic signal that described signal generator sends is continuous sine wave, and frequency is 40～60kHz.
In such scheme, Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck is in suspension status, hits the mode of oscillation that each time of vibration hammer knock generation identical.
Test unit and the method for implementing identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect of the present invention, have following beneficial effect:
1, test unit of the present invention, easy and simple to handle, can be for utilizing non-linear ultrasonic feature identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect that foundation and practical value are provided;
2, test method of the present invention, the side frequency energy going out by contrast fore-and-aft survey and the fitting a straight line slope of hammering energy, draw the variation of front and back, a certain survey district state, and by each point position, obtain occurring the position of defect; Simple and clear, measurement result meets application request.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing that the present invention identifies Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect test unit;
Fig. 2 is the decking vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the decking elevation drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is side frequency energy and knocking energy correlation rectilinear;
Fig. 5 is that the slope of No. 1 point on different section gathers;
Fig. 6 is that the slope of No. 2 points on different section gathers.
Embodiment
For technical characterictic of the present invention, object and effect being had more clearly, understand, now contrast accompanying drawing and describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the present invention identifies Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect test unit, comprises signal generator 1, acoustic emission transducer 2, receiving transducer 3, acceleration transducer 4, signal amplifier 5, signal acquiring processing system 6 and hits vibration hammer 7.Acoustic emission transducer 2, receiving transducer 3 and acceleration transducer 4 are attached to decking 8 surfaces by couplant.The high-frequency ultrasonic signal that signal generator 1 sends amplifies by acoustic emission transducer 2 entering signal amplifiers 5, and the signal after amplification is that signal acquiring processing system 6 obtains.Hit vibration hammer 7 to decking 8 low-frequency vibration signals, low-frequency vibration signal obtains for signal acquiring processing system 6 by acceleration transducer 4.
Transmitting transducer 2 is attached to input point 10 by couplant, and be connected with signal generator 1, receiving transducer 3 is attached to output point 9 by couplant, and is connected with amplifier, acceleration transducer 4 is attached to vibration output point 11 by couplant, and is connected with signal acquiring processing system 6.Calibrate AE sensor 2 can be arranged in the middle of two U ribs of decking 13, receiving transducer 3 can be arranged in the adjacent U rib of decking or cross over a plurality of U ribs 13 and arrange, beating position 12 can be controlled in transmitting transducer 2 near, acceleration transducer 4 can be arranged in the side of beating position 12.
Further, a plurality of sensors of penetrating are arranged in before decking 8, must be coated with coupling material.Acoustic emission transducer 2 is connected with signal generator 1, and receiving transducer 3 is connected with amplifier 5, and acceleration transducer 4 is connected with signal acquiring processing system 6.
The present invention also provides a kind of test method of using above-mentioned test unit identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect, comprises the following steps:
S1, a certain fixed amplitude of sending with signal generator and centre frequency f
uultrasonic signal (continuous sine wave, frequency 40～60kHz) is as carrier signal to Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck defect recognition, using knock generation low-frequency vibration as the pumping signal to defect.By repeatedly knocking of repeatedly differing in size, hit the signal that shakes to a plurality of amplitudes of decking low frequencies different, that mode is close, a plurality of differ in size hit the energy that shakes.
S2, by signal acquiring system, obtain signal (comprising high-frequency ultrasonic signal and the low-frequency vibration signal) X of a plurality of passages
1, X
2, X
3;
S3, choose low-frequency vibration frequency spectrum [f
v1, f
v2] scope, this scope internal power spectrum is carried out to integration and obtain the low-frequency vibration energy E that ultrasonic signal produces
v; Choose high frequency centre frequency f
uboth sides [f
u-f
v2, f
u-f
v1] and [f
u+ f
v1, f
u+ f
v2] frequency range is as amplitude modulation side frequency scope, and this scope internal power spectrum is carried out to integration obtain the side frequency ENERGY E that ultrasonic signal produces
b;
S4, with side frequency ENERGY E
bfor ordinate, with the ENERGY E of thumping
vfor horizontal ordinate, draw both graphs of a relation of test of many times, carry out fitting a straight line, draw side frequency energy and knocking energy correlation rectilinear, and draw the slope k of this straight line, using this as the characterization parameter of weighing Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck defect state.
K under S5, the k value that Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck detection is obtained and original state (being generally nondestructive state or early stage state)
0value is compared, if change, shows that defectiveness produces; And by Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck under different conditions, detect test, the situation of change of defect recognition development.
A concrete detection example of the present invention is as follows: identification one Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect, and the long 1.5m of this Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck test specimen, wide 0.52m, material is Q235 steel, plate thickness 3.2mm, U-shaped rib thickness 2mm.
S1, the input amplitude 100mVpp of maintenance high-frequency ultrasonic signal (continuous sine wave) and frequency 55KHz are constant, by three power that differ in size, knock decking, shake to three hitting of varying in size of decking, its low frequency signal peak swing is respectively 100mV, 200mV, 300mV, represent three differ in size hit the level of shaking;
S2, by signal acquiring system, obtain the high-frequency ultrasonic signal of a passage, sample frequency 2MHz, sampling length N=1000000, frequency resolution 1Hz;
S3, choose low frequency 80～400Hz scope rumble spectrum, carry out integration summation, obtain knocking the vibrational energy typical value causing; Choose high frequency centre frequency both sides 54.6～54.92kHz and 55.08～55.4kHz scope as amplitude modulation side frequency scope, this scope internal power spectrum is carried out to integration and obtain the side frequency energy typical value that ultrasonic signal produces;
S4, take side frequency energy as ordinate, take and thump energy as horizontal ordinate, draw both graphs of a relation, by fitting a straight line, draw side frequency energy and knocking energy correlation rectilinear, and draw the slope k of this straight line, as shown in Figure 4, k=0.3174 in Fig. 4;
S5, all straight slope k that record in process of the test are gathered, Fig. 5 is that the slope of A side point on different section gathers, and Fig. 6 is that the slope of C side point on different section gathers.D in figure
0, D
1, D
2and D
3respectively corresponding test specimen original state, introduce crack state, crack propagation state for the second time and for the third time for the first time, 5#, 3#, 1#, 0#, 2#, 4# and 6# etc. represent that test specimen is along U rib longitudinal space cross section place;
S6, the variation of observing slope are known, and defect all appears in the C side point of 4# section and 6# section, and defect constantly increases, and defect does not all appear in the point on other sections, presents corresponding relation with actual fracture distribution and development.
Test unit of the present invention is easy and simple to handle, can be for utilizing non-linear ultrasonic feature identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect that foundation and practical value are provided.The side frequency energy that test method of the present invention goes out by contrast fore-and-aft survey and the fitting a straight line slope of hammering energy, draw the variation of front and back, a certain survey district state, and by each point position, obtain occurring the position of defect; Simple and clear, measurement result meets application request.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; rather than restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a test unit of identifying Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect, it is characterized in that, comprise signal generator (1), acoustic emission transducer (2), receiving transducer (3), acceleration transducer (4), signal amplifier (5), signal acquiring processing system (6) and hit vibration hammer (7), described acoustic emission transducer (2), receiving transducer (3) and acceleration transducer (4) are attached to decking (8) surface by couplant, the high-frequency ultrasonic signal that described signal generator (1) sends amplifies by acoustic emission transducer (2) entering signal amplifier (5), signal after amplification is that described signal acquiring processing system (6) obtains, the described vibration hammer (7) that hits is to decking (8) low-frequency vibration signal, and low-frequency vibration signal obtains for described signal acquiring processing system (6) by acceleration transducer (4).
2. the test unit of identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described acoustic emission transducer (2) is attached to input point (10) by couplant, and be connected with signal generator (1), receiving transducer (3) is attached to output point (9) by couplant, and be connected with amplifier, acceleration transducer (4) is attached to vibration output point (11) by couplant, and is connected with signal acquiring processing system (6).
3. the test unit of identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described steel bridge deck (8) is in suspension status.
4. right to use requires a test method for the test unit identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect in 1, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, a certain fixed amplitude of sending with signal generator and centre frequency f
uultrasonic signal is as the carrier signal to Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck defect recognition, usings and hits low-frequency vibration that vibration hammer knocks generation as the pumping signal to defect; By repeatedly knocking of repeatedly differing in size, hit the signal that shakes to a plurality of amplitudes of decking low frequencies different, that mode is close, a plurality of differ in size hit the energy that shakes;
S2, by signal acquiring system, obtain the signal of a plurality of passages;
S3, choose low-frequency vibration frequency spectrum [f
v1, f
v2] scope, this scope internal power spectrum is carried out to integration and obtain the low-frequency vibration energy E that ultrasonic signal produces
v; Choose high frequency centre frequency f
uboth sides [f
u-f
v2, f
u-f
v1] and [f
u+ f
v1, f
u+ f
v2] frequency range is as amplitude modulation side frequency scope, and this scope internal power spectrum is carried out to integration obtain the side frequency ENERGY E that ultrasonic signal produces
b;
S4, with side frequency ENERGY E
bfor ordinate, with the ENERGY E of thumping
vfor horizontal ordinate, draw both graphs of a relation of test of many times, carry out fitting a straight line, draw side frequency energy and knocking energy correlation rectilinear, and draw the slope k of this straight line, using this as the characterization parameter of weighing Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck defect state;
S5, the k value that Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck detection is obtained and the k under original state
0value is compared, if change, shows that defectiveness produces; And by Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck under different conditions, detect test, the situation of change of defect recognition development.
5. the test method of identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the ultrasonic signal that described signal generator sends is continuous sine wave, and frequency is 40～60kHz.
6. the test method of identification Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck weld defect according to claim 4, is characterized in that, Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck is in suspension status, hits the mode of oscillation that each time of vibration hammer knock generation identical.
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| CN104407049A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-11 | 湖南工程学院 | Micro-crack nondestructive detection system and detection method thereof |
| US10955383B2 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2021-03-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Detection device, detection system, and detection method |
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| CN106442727A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 东北大学 | Method and system for identifying mechanical characteristic parameters of hard coating material |
| CN106442727B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-02-26 | 东北大学 | A kind of method and system recognizing hard coat material mechanics parameters |
| WO2020209337A1 (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Identification device, identification method, identification processing program, generation device, generation method, and generation processing program |
| JP2020173220A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-22 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Identification device, identification method, identification processing program, generation device, generation method, and generation processing program |
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| CN110161118A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of steel plate crack detecting method based on supersonic guide-wave principle |
| CN110161118B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2021-11-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Steel plate crack detection method based on ultrasonic guided wave principle |
| CN111505124A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-07 | 中山市恒德建筑工程检测有限公司 | Weld joint detection device for steel structure engineering |
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