CN103975876B - A kind of cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications - Google Patents
A kind of cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103975876B CN103975876B CN201410172863.7A CN201410172863A CN103975876B CN 103975876 B CN103975876 B CN 103975876B CN 201410172863 A CN201410172863 A CN 201410172863A CN 103975876 B CN103975876 B CN 103975876B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hong kong
- adhesive substrate
- cement
- combined type
- kong oyster
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses and be a kind ofly suitable for Hong Kong oyster and collect seedling the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications formed.The present invention the technological means such as to be collected seedling by material preparation, adhesive substrate making, adhesive substrate process, adhesive substrate, develops cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate that a set of efficiency of collecting seedling is high, resistance to corrosion is strong.The present invention not only adds adhesive substrate and to collect seedling area, improves the distortion ratio of Hong Kong oyster larva, accelerates juvenile mollusk growth rate, and effectively can resist the corrosiveness in salt-fresh water environment.The present invention is not only applicable to indoors artificial and collects seedling, and is applicable to outdoor naturally to collect seedling.The present invention is different from Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate traditionally, as heavy pat of cement (block, bar) and be easy to by the shell etc. of salt-fresh water acidizing corrosion, it combines the two advantage, has into that efficiency is high, cost is low, be easy to operation, be convenient to the advantages such as popularization.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of shellfish culture in modern marine agricultural, be specifically related to a kind ofly be suitable for Hong Kong oyster and to collect seedling the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications formed.
Background technology:
Hong Kong oyster (Crassostreahongkongensis, also known as raw Ho), be the coastal specific Important Economic oyster kind of south China, hobby high-temperature low salt environment, mainly be distributed in the brackish water marine site, river mouth in China Guangdong, Guangxi, also there is a small amount of distribution in Fujian and Hainan.This kind has body pork fertilizer, delicious flavour, the feature such as nutritious, deeply favors by consumers in general; Except eating, be processed into that Ho is dry raw, except Ho fermented soya beans, salted or other wise, or oyster deep processing high-end product is as the important source material of the products such as oyster high level extract, oyster health-caring capsule, oyster calcium.At present, Guangdong, the annual production of two places, Guangxi more than 1,300,000 tons, nearly 10,000,000,000 yuans of the output value.
Hong Kong oyster has the cultivation history of nearly one thousand years in China's the South China coastal, and industrial chain is flourishing, and relate to working populous, the seed of this industry all comes from natural collecting seedling before this, carries out sea and form after having collected seedling, and gathers in the crops, goes on the market after reaching commercial specification.For Hong Kong oyster is collected seedling, mainly adopt the cement products such as the cement cake of bunchiness, cement square or concrete stake (bar) at present, adopt oyster shell adhesive substrate very less.The pat of cement of bunchiness or cement block adopt framed bent suspension type to collect seedling, and concrete stake is generally used for the end and broadcasts pitching pile formula and collect seedling.Cement product shortcoming of collecting seedling is fairly obvious: the first, and collector is too heavy, brings very big inconvenience to operation on the sea and carry; The second, cement is in alkalescence, and easily release is multiple is unfavorable for the mineral element that the oyster young adheres to, cement product is caused to collect seedling inefficiency, especially gather impact greatly to the indoors artificial seed in recent years grown up gradually, so far, room heat source there is no suitable adhesive substrate and can use; 3rd, because cement has certain toxic to the oyster young, easily adverse effect is caused to attached oyster growth thereon.More and more be difficult to be ignored by people with the minimizing of wild seedling amount and these shortcomings of rising of human cost in recent years.Oyster shell string is desirable material of collecting seedling for other oyster kind always, but is not suitable for the special breeding environment of river mouth brackish water that Hong Kong oyster likes.The change of the physical and chemical factor such as salinity, pH is violent, and easily cause oyster shell string to be corroded thus cause seed to come off, therefore, in Hong Kong oyster culture history, nobody directly utilizes oyster shell to carry out collecting seedling and cultivating as adhesive substrate so far.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is the numerous shortcomings avoiding cement product to collect seedling, make full use of the oyster shell resource abandoned everywhere simultaneously, Hong Kong oyster that is suitable for of anchoring capability of developing a kind of viscosity and the corrosion resistance that both make use of cement, also utilize oyster shell to have strong induction to larva simultaneously, attract is collected seedling the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications formed.It not only has high efficiency of collecting seedling, resistance to brackish water corrosivity, and has relatively light, to be convenient to transhipment advantage.
Of the present inventionly be suitable for Hong Kong oyster and collect seedling the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications formed, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, material prepare: clean up for subsequent use by oyster shell fresh water; Cement, fine sand, water and epoxy resin are mixed and obtain cement-Sha-resin compound, the consumption mass ratio of described cement, fine sand and water is 1:1:0.3, and the consumption of described epoxy resin is 0.5 ~ 1% of cement quality; Polyethylene rope, every root length is 1.8 ~ 3.0m;
B, adhesive substrate make: be bonded on a polyethylene rope by 6-10 to oyster shell cement-Sha-resin compound, often couple of spacing 10-15cm, then to dry in the shade process, namely form cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate, then some cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrates are tied to form stand-by;
C, adhesive substrate process: before Hong Kong oyster is collected seedling, utilize straw or rice hulls, mixes, then add freshwater soaking process with the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate being tied to form handle, after process with water rinse well dry stand-by; Or soak with the oxalic acid of 20-30ppm concentration the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate 1-2d being tied to form handle, then soak 10-15d again with fresh water, dry stand-by after rinsing well;
D, adhesive substrate are collected seedling: the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate utilizing step c to handle well to rinse well, throw in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate to collect seedling in good time, approximately pass through 5-7d, a large amount of Hong Kong oyster juvenile mollusk can be adopted, juvenile mollusk is kept hanging Yu Tuchi or natural waters is carried out Transitional culture, formed until gather in the crops after cultivating.
Oyster shell in described step a is preferably shell then, and without slough, odorless on shell.Selected oyster shell specification size 7-12cm, the left shell of oyster is selected in unification, to improve area of collecting seedling, reduces collision loss in transit simultaneously; Described polyethylene rope diameter is at 3-6mm.
10 cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrates are preferably tied to form one stand-by by being tied to form by some cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrates in described step b, it is the centre that tied rope lies in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate, be tied rope length 1 meter, when preventing from operating, mutual take-up strap loses; It is according to 3-5 handle/m that input cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate of described steps d is collected seedling in good time
3density is thrown in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate and is collected seedling in good time.
Straw or rice hulls is utilized in described step c, mix with the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate being tied to form handle, add freshwater soaking process again, after process with water rinse well dry stand-by, preferably select straw and cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate alternate stacked, add freshwater soaking process 15-20 days again, period changes water 3 times; Or mix with the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate being tied to form handle by rice hulls, then adding freshwater soaking process 15-20 days, period changes water 3 times, now can be observed oyster adhesive substrate surface, cement shell combined type Hong Kong and has the light yellow mycoderm of layer.
In described steps d, when collecting seedling for indoor industrially, preferably when Hong Kong oyster eyebot larvae reaches 30-50% accounting, larval density controls at 0.6-1.0/mL, the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate utilizing step c to handle well to rinse well, throws in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate and collects seedling in good time.
The present invention the technological means such as to be collected seedling by material preparation, adhesive substrate making, adhesive substrate process, adhesive substrate, develops cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate that a set of efficiency of collecting seedling is high, resistance to corrosion is strong.The present invention not only adds adhesive substrate and to collect seedling area, improves the distortion ratio of Hong Kong oyster larva, accelerates juvenile mollusk growth rate, and effectively can resist the corrosiveness in salt-fresh water environment.The present invention is not only applicable to indoors artificial and collects seedling, and is applicable to outdoor naturally to collect seedling.The present invention is different from Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate traditionally, as heavy pat of cement (block, bar) and be easy to by the shell etc. of salt-fresh water acidizing corrosion, it combines the two advantage, has into that efficiency is high, cost is low, be easy to operation, be convenient to the advantages such as popularization.
Embodiment:
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: indoor industrially is collected seedling
A, material prepare: at the beginning of 2012 3 months, prepare 18000, the left shell of oyster then that fresh water cleans up, without slough, odorless on shell, and specification size 7-12cm; 15 bag conch board cement, 7.5kg epoxy resin, fine sand and water, cement, fine sand, water and epoxy resin are mixed and obtain cement-Sha-resin compound, the mass ratio of cement, fine sand and water be 1:1:0.3, the consumption of described epoxy resin is 1% of cement consumption quality; Length is 2.0m polyethylene rope (diameter 5mm) 9000.
B, adhesive substrate make: 8 pairs of oyster shell cement-Sha-resin compounds are bonded at (often couple of spacing 12cm) on a polyethylene rope.After 4h dries in the shade, namely form cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate, every 10 cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrates tie up into one for subsequent use.Being the centre that tied rope lies in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate, is tied rope length 1 meter, and when preventing from operating, mutual take-up strap loses
C, adhesive substrate process: before Hong Kong oyster is collected seedling, soak the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate 1d tying up into handle with the oxalic acid of 25ppm concentration, then freshwater soaking 12 days, rinse well dry stand-by.
D, adhesive substrate are collected seedling: when Hong Kong oyster eyebot larvae of marine economic animal experiment station, Zhanjiang of Chinese Academy of Science Nanhai Ocean Research Institute reaches 30% accounting, larval density controls at 0.9/mL, the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate utilizing step c to handle well to rinse well, according to 5/m
3density is thrown in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate and is collected seedling, collect seedling after 7d complete, seed harvesting amount counting after 10d, every bar cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate is on average collected seedling 988 juvenile mollusks, average every 62.4, sheet shell, nearly 50,000 of unit of water body output of seedling.Afterwards, will adopt juvenile mollusk and transport sea area, port owned by the government, Zhanjiang to and carry out Transitional culture, and approximately pass through 3-4 month, juvenile mollusk grows to 30-50mm children shellfish.Wherein, cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate stands intact, the effect of effective opposing salt-fresh water zonal corrosion.Children shellfish again through forming until gather in the crops Hong Kong oyster adult oyster.
Embodiment 2: sea area is natural collects seedling
A, material prepare: at the beginning of 2013 4 months, prepare 360000, the left shell of oyster then that fresh water cleans up, without slough, odorless on shell, and specification size 7-12cm; 300 bag conch board cement, 150kg epoxy resin, fine sand and water, cement, fine sand, water and epoxy resin are mixed and obtain cement-Sha-resin compound, the mass ratio of cement, fine sand and water be 1:1:0.3, the consumption of described epoxy resin is 1% of cement consumption quality; Length is 2.0m plastic ties (diameter 5mm) 180000.
B, adhesive substrate make: 10 pairs of oyster shell cement-Sha-resin compounds are bonded at (often couple of spacing 12cm) on a polyethylene rope.After 6h dries in the shade, namely form cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate, every 10 cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrates tie up into one for subsequent use.Being the centre that tied rope lies in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate, is tied rope length 1 meter, and when preventing from operating, mutual take-up strap loses
C, adhesive substrate process: before Hong Kong oyster is collected seedling, the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate tying up into handle is alternate with straw stacked, then adds freshwater soaking process, and after 10d, draining is rinsed well and dries stand-by.
D, adhesive substrate are collected seedling: mid-May, step c treated water mud shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate about 180,000 (18000) is thrown in sea area, port owned by the government, Zhanjiang, hang on oyster mining seedling, be checked through successful that this cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate collects seedling after 20 days and be better than conventional cement cake.Tradition adhesive substrate is on average collected seedling 185/bar (during statistics specification 0.1-0.2cm); 720/the bar (specification: be greater than 0.2cm) and novel cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate is on average collected seedling.Efficiency of collecting seedling rises to original 5 times.Current mean size is more than 5cm, and cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate is intact, is not subject to obvious corrosion.Juvenile mollusk is kept hanging Yu Tuchi or natural waters is carried out Transitional culture, formed until gather in the crops after cultivating.
Claims (5)
1. be suitable for Hong Kong oyster to collect seedling the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications formed, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, material prepare: clean up for subsequent use by oyster shell fresh water; Cement, fine sand, water and epoxy resin are mixed and obtain cement-Sha-resin compound, the consumption mass ratio of described cement, fine sand and water is 1:1:0.3, and the consumption of described epoxy resin is 0.5 ~ 1% of cement quality; Polyethylene rope, every root length is 1.8 ~ 3.0m;
B, adhesive substrate make: be bonded on a polyethylene rope by 6-10 to oyster shell cement-Sha-resin compound, often couple of spacing 10-15cm, then to dry in the shade process, namely form cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate, then some cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrates are tied to form stand-by;
C, adhesive substrate process: before Hong Kong oyster is collected seedling, utilize straw or rice hulls, mixes, then add freshwater soaking process with the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate being tied to form handle, after process with water rinse well dry stand-by; Or soak with the oxalic acid of 20-30ppm concentration the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate 1-2d being tied to form handle, then soak 10-15d again with fresh water, dry stand-by after rinsing well;
D, adhesive substrate are collected seedling: the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate utilizing step c to handle well to rinse well, throw in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate to collect seedling in good time, Hong Kong oyster juvenile mollusk can be adopted, juvenile mollusk is kept hanging Yu Tuchi or natural waters is carried out Transitional culture, formed until gather in the crops after cultivating.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the oyster shell in described step a is shell then, and without slough, odorless on shell, selected oyster shell specification size 7-12cm, unifiedly selects the left shell of oyster; Described polyethylene rope diameter is at 3-6mm.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step b some cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrates are tied to form stand-by be that 10 cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrates are tied to form one, be the centre that tied rope lies in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate; It is according to 3-5 handle/m that input cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate of described steps d is collected seedling in good time
3density is thrown in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate and is collected seedling in good time.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, straw or rice hulls is utilized in described step c, mix with the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate being tied to form handle, add freshwater soaking process again, after process with water rinse well dry stand-by, be select straw and cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate alternate stacked, add freshwater soaking process 15-20 days again, period changes water 3 times; Or mix with the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate being tied to form handle by rice hulls, then adding freshwater soaking process 15-20 days, period changes water 3 times.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, when collecting seedling for indoor industrially, when Hong Kong oyster eyebot larvae reaches 30-50% accounting, larval density controls at 0.6-1.0/mL, and the cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate utilizing step c to handle well to rinse well, throws in cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate and collect seedling in good time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410172863.7A CN103975876B (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2014-04-25 | A kind of cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410172863.7A CN103975876B (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2014-04-25 | A kind of cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103975876A CN103975876A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
| CN103975876B true CN103975876B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
Family
ID=51268253
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410172863.7A Active CN103975876B (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2014-04-25 | A kind of cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103975876B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115226662A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-10-25 | 广东南洋海洋产业投资有限公司 | Micro-ecosystem construction method for improving oyster fry breeding speed |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972324A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-03-20 | 山东大学（威海） | Artificial algal reef and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103120140A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-05-29 | 大连海洋岛水产集团股份有限公司 | Scallop cultivation method |
| CN203492588U (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2014-03-26 | 福建省水产研究所 | Artificial fish reef |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006109782A (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-04-27 | San J Industry:Kk | Fish bank and method for culturing abalone |
| JP2013158340A (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-19 | Katsuhiko Matsunaga | Method of marine-culturing abalone or the like and base material for the same |
| JP2014045720A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-17 | Nippon Gyojo System Kk | Formed body for fishery facility and method for producing the same |
-
2014
- 2014-04-25 CN CN201410172863.7A patent/CN103975876B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972324A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-03-20 | 山东大学（威海） | Artificial algal reef and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103120140A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-05-29 | 大连海洋岛水产集团股份有限公司 | Scallop cultivation method |
| CN203492588U (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2014-03-26 | 福建省水产研究所 | Artificial fish reef |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 牡蛎的养殖技术;段梅;《农村实用技术》;20090901(第9期);第55页 * |
| 青蛤人工育苗中附着基的选择;陈坚等;《上海水产大学学报》;20060130;第15卷(第1期);第114-117页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103975876A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100403884C (en) | Method for breeding river crab | |
| CN102165925B (en) | Staged desalinization culturing method for penaeus vannamei boone | |
| CN105660497B (en) | The cultural method of cray | |
| KR101100666B1 (en) | Method for producing fertilizer using sea star | |
| CN105210952A (en) | The high-yield cultivation method of snakeheaded fish | |
| CN102119675A (en) | Method for cultivating portunus pelagicus | |
| CN103404466B (en) | Ecological cultivation mode capable of simulating river-sea migration of Yangtze coilianasus | |
| CN104255613A (en) | Method of freshwater aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei in net cage | |
| CN103975876B (en) | A kind of cement shell combined type Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate factures and applications | |
| CN103766261B (en) | Exopalaemon carinicauda 1 year continuous many batches of artificial cultivating method | |
| CN105393958A (en) | Current year fish fingerling indoor cement pool high density aquaculture method for bigmouth grenadier anchovy artificial breeding | |
| CN102726325A (en) | Bottom-sowing multiplication method for comb shells | |
| CN105613357A (en) | Black sea bream fry culturing technology | |
| CN103975875B (en) | A kind of cement eliminant Hong Kong oyster adhesive substrate makes and application method | |
| CN108112518A (en) | Hong Kong oyster segmented high-efficiency breeding method | |
| CN104813968A (en) | Cultchless connection aquaculture method for improving economic benefit of Hong Kong oysters | |
| CN108849659A (en) | A method of crab being grown using iron cage under mangrove | |
| Debroy et al. | Shrimp culture in Inland saline waters of India: A step towards sustainable aquafarming | |
| CN108541639A (en) | A kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model | |
| CN103430882B (en) | A kind of fishes and shrimps shellfish polyculture method of low-carbon (LC) | |
| CN107094678A (en) | A kind of scale breeding method for pond crayfish | |
| CN102106276A (en) | Method for breeding charybdis feriatus | |
| CN104206338A (en) | Artificial culture method for bastard halibuts | |
| CN105532518A (en) | LutrariasieboldiiReeve sea area beach plastic large tub artificial culture method | |
| CN104996333A (en) | Novel shallow sea suspension cage culture method of Arca inflata Reeve |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |