CN103958720A - 在温度下降过程中在最后渗氮阶段上进行的碳氮共渗方法 - Google Patents

在温度下降过程中在最后渗氮阶段上进行的碳氮共渗方法 Download PDF

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CN103958720A
CN103958720A CN201280053988.7A CN201280053988A CN103958720A CN 103958720 A CN103958720 A CN 103958720A CN 201280053988 A CN201280053988 A CN 201280053988A CN 103958720 A CN103958720 A CN 103958720A
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nitriding
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P·拉皮埃尔
J·拉尔迪努瓦
Y·吉罗
A·拉罗
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Abstract

钢件，特别是轿车制造用的工件的碳氮共渗方法，包括：升温步骤，其包括简单的升温阶段(M)及随后的初始渗氮阶段(Ni)，该初始渗氮阶段从700℃和750℃之间的温度出发直至860℃和1000℃之间的温度，并以比简单的升温阶段低的温度梯度进行；在恒温下交替进行渗碳(C1-Cn)和渗氮(N1-Nn)的步骤；最终渗氮步骤(Nn)伴随紧接在淬火(T)之前的温度下降。

Description

在温度下降过程中在最后渗氮阶段上进行的碳氮共渗方法
本发明请求2011年10月31日递交的第1159878号法国专利申请的优先权，其内容(本文、附图和权利要求书)在这里通过引用引作参考。
钢件，特别是但并非仅仅是轿车制造用的工件的碳氮共渗方法。具体地说，本发明同样适用于农业机械、机床制造用的工件或航空领域的工件。
背景技术
从文献EP 1885904已知一种钢件的碳氮共渗方法，包括：升温步骤和温度均化步骤；之后在恒温下交替进行渗碳和渗氮的步骤；以及随后淬火的步骤。其在一个实施方案中提出，在升温步骤过程中和/或在温度均化步骤过程中从800℃温度起喷射渗氮气体。
发明的目的
本发明的目的在于改善上述文献的方法，即、改善所获得的工件质量，最好还缩短处理时间。
发明内容
为了实现这个目的，按照本发明提出一种钢件，特别是制造轿车用的工件的碳氮共渗方法，包括：升温步骤，之后在恒温下交替进行渗碳和渗氮的步骤，以及随后淬火的步骤，其中最终渗氮步骤伴随紧接在该淬火之前的温度下降。
事实上，按照形成了本发明的一部分的事实，已经发现，从比渗碳温度更低的温度出发开始淬火是可能的。因而，在最后的渗氮步骤过程中，温度下降允许在更有利于良好渗氮的条件下进行。
按照本发明一个有利的实施方案，所述最终渗氮步骤包括一个温度平台。因此，最后的渗氮步骤在最优的条件下进行。
按照本发明另一个有利的方面，升温步骤包括一个简单的升温阶段，以及随后温度继续上升的初始渗氮阶段。在初始渗氮阶段过程中，升温优选以比简单的升温阶段更低的温度梯度进行。因此，在不延长处理持续时间的情况下增大氮的富集程度，这在有利于良好渗氮的条件下进行，由此可能缩短或消除最后的渗氮步骤之一，并因而缩短总的处理时间。
按照本发明再一个有利的方面，初始渗氮阶段是从在700℃和750℃之间的温度起并直至860℃和1000℃之间的温度而实现的。
附图说明
3个附图是说明根据不同实施方式的本发明方法的不同步骤的示意图。参考这些附图并阅读下文对按照本发明低压碳氮共渗方法不同实施方式的具体的非限制性的描述，本发明的其他特征和优点将会变得明显。
具体实施方式
参照图1，按照本发明的方法包括第一升温步骤，它包括实直线所示的简单升温的第一阶段M，从周围温度直至图上标注Ni1的点700℃温度。根据要处理的钢的成分，该简单的升温阶段可以在10分钟和90分钟之间的持续时间内一直进行至700℃和750℃之间的温度，即、简单的升温以8℃/min和75℃/min之间的温度梯度进行。
接着，该方法包括初始渗氮阶段Ni，在举例说明的实施例中，同时继续进行升温步骤，直至在该实施例中所示的温度940℃。事实上，940℃的温度对应于允许实现质量较好的处理的温度860℃和允许实现更快速处理的温度1000℃之间的一个折衷。
在图1的实施例中，对应于初始渗氮阶段的第一实施方式，该升温继续规则地以3.5℃/mn和16℃/mn之间的温度梯度进行，其小于简单升温过程的温度梯度。根据在这个初始步骤中人们希望固定的氮量以及要处理的钢的成分，该初始渗氮阶段的持续时间在15分钟和45分钟之间。
如所周知，该初始渗氮阶段包括与扩散阶段交替进行的喷射诸如氨等渗氮气体的阶段。
按照图2所示的初始渗氮阶段的第二实施方式，升温以与简单的升温过程相同的温度梯度进行，直至750℃和850℃之间的温度，在这里是800℃，在图上标注Ni2的点。这时该温度沿着平台维持，直至在图2上标注Ni3的时刻，从此出发实现温度的急剧上升，以便达到渗碳温度。
如所周知，选定该温度平台是为了在考虑到要处理的工件的成分最优的条件下实现初始渗氮阶段。应该指出，由于这个平台，最终升温可以进行得非常快速，例如，80℃/min至100℃/min，而工件不会承受难以接受的应力。
按照图3举例说明的初始渗氮阶段的第三实施方式，从Ni1点出发，该升温以比第一实施方式更低的温度梯度，最好在2℃/min至8℃/min范围内的温度梯度继续进行，直至标注Ni4的时刻，在这里对应于850℃温度，从此出发，按照一个类似于第二实施方式的梯度，实现温度的急剧上升，以便达到渗碳温度。
不论该初始渗氮阶段采取哪种实施方式，接着该方法都包括n个与渗氮阶段相交替的渗碳阶段。如所周知，该渗碳步骤和渗氮步骤包括这些附图中均未示出的与扩散阶段交替的处理气体喷射阶段。在该图上，该曲线图在渗氮步骤N1和最后的渗碳步骤Cn之间中断。这个最后的渗碳步骤Cn结束时，该方法包括最终渗氮步骤Nn，其伴随着紧接在淬火T之前的温度下降。
按照在该图上以虚线线条举例说明的最后的渗氮步骤Nn的第一实施方式，温度下降以连续的方式进行，直至一个包含在对渗氮最优的但仍高得足以允许有效淬火的温度范围内的温度为止。在举例说明的实施例中，淬火之前最终的温度是840℃。事实上对于900℃和800℃之间淬火之前的最终温度都获得令人满意的结果。已经证实，这个有限的温度下降减小了淬火时工件上面的应力。
最终渗氮步骤的持续时间优选在15分钟和60分钟之间，这对应于10℃/min和1℃/min之间的温度梯度。正如对于所述初始渗氮阶段，该最终渗氮步骤优选包括与扩散阶段交替的喷射渗氮气体的阶段。
按照图2举例说明的最后的渗氮步骤Nn的第二实施方式，该温度下降首先以尽可能大而又不在钢中产生应力的梯度急剧进行，直至对处理过程中钢最优的渗氮温度为止，在该图上标记为Nn1，这里是840℃，接着温度维持一个平台直至淬火开始。
事实上，按照本发明的方法可以在初始渗氮阶段的任意一个实施方式与最终渗氮阶段的任意一个实施方式相结合的情况下实施。
人们注意到，由于按照本发明渗氮阶段效率的提高，用一个简单扩散步骤代替两个渗碳步骤之间的至少一个渗氮步骤是可能的。这样一个步骤比渗氮步骤更短，使得总的处理持续时间缩短。
显而易见，本发明不限于所描述的实现方式，并在不脱离权利要求书定义的本发明的范围的情况下，人们可以采取其他实施方案。具体地说，初始的升温可以按照一个正如在该图上用虚线举例说明的恒定梯度进行。

Claims (10)

1.钢件，特别是轿车制造用的工件的碳氮共渗方法，包括：升温步骤，之后在恒温下交替进行的渗碳(C1-Cn)和渗氮(N1-Nn-1)步骤，以及随后淬火的步骤(T)，其特征在于，该方法包括紧接在淬火(T)之前伴随温度下降的最终渗氮步骤(Nn)。
2.按照权利要求1的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，该温度下降一直进行至900℃和800℃之间的温度。
3.按照权利要求1的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，该温度下降以10℃/mn和1℃/mn之间的温度梯度进行。
4.按照权利要求1的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，该最终渗氮步骤包括一个温度平台(Nn2)。
5.按照权利要求1的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，该升温步骤包括一个简单的升温阶段(M)，以及随后温度继续上升的初始渗氮阶段(Ni)。
6.按照权利要求5的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，该初始渗氮阶段(N1)是从700℃和750℃之间的温度出发并直至860℃和1000℃之间的温度而实现的。
7.按照权利要求5的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，在该初始渗氮阶段(Ni)的过程中，其升温以比简单的升温阶段(M)低的温度梯度进行。
8.按照权利要求7的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，该初始渗氮阶段(Ni)包括一个温度平台(Ni2-Ni3)。
9.按照权利要求7的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，该初始渗氮阶段(N1)后面紧接着第一步渗碳步骤(C1)。
10.按照权利要求5的碳氮共渗方法，其特征在于，该初始渗氮阶段(N1)以3.5℃/mn和10℃/mn之间的温度梯度进行。
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FR1159878 2011-10-31
FR1159878A FR2981949B1 (fr) 2011-10-31 2011-10-31 Procede de carbonitruration a etape de nitruration finale pendant une descente de temperature
PCT/EP2012/069890 WO2013064337A1 (fr) 2011-10-31 2012-10-08 Procede de carbonitruration a etape de nitruration finale pendant une descente de temperature

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KR20220074308A (ko) 2020-11-27 2022-06-03 시흥시 연자육 차 제조방법

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