CN1039577A - 废聚苯乙烯裂解还原回收苯乙烯单体的方法 - Google Patents

废聚苯乙烯裂解还原回收苯乙烯单体的方法 Download PDF

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CN1039577A
CN1039577A CN89101122A CN89101122A CN1039577A CN 1039577 A CN1039577 A CN 1039577A CN 89101122 A CN89101122 A CN 89101122A CN 89101122 A CN89101122 A CN 89101122A CN 1039577 A CN1039577 A CN 1039577A
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罗新民
叶芬
潭伟国
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HUANAN INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE
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Abstract

一种裂解还原废聚苯乙烯回收苯乙烯单体的方法。本发明的方法采用金属氧化物催化剂,在裂解釜底部放置合金添加物。当釜内温度升到250℃时,以一定的投料速度连续投入粒径为3~5mm的废聚苯乙烯颗粒。当温度升到350℃时通入气体。保持温度在450~500℃,直到批量聚苯乙烯全部裂解。投量的同时,减压蒸馏,得到投料重量90%的液体馏出物。苯乙烯单体的回收率达到70~75%。本发明提供了一种解决废聚苯乙烯环境污染和回收利用的有效方法。

Description

本发明涉及一种高分子合成材料废料的回收利用方法,特别是涉及一种聚苯乙烯废料裂解回收苯乙烯单体的方法。
随着石油化学工业的发展,高分子合成材料的应用越来越广泛,特别是各种包装材料大量使用高分子合成材料。同时,也就有这些材料的废弃物,其中泡沫聚苯乙烯包装材料废弃物占很大比重。由于其密度小、体积大,严重污染城乡环境。其它聚苯乙烯废料又难以大量重新加工利用。采用焚烧、掩埋等处理方法,既不能解决污染问题,又造成有用资源的浪费。近年来,世界上一些国家对废旧高分子合成材料的回收利用做了许多研究工作,试图通过热裂解或分解方法获得各种有用的原材料。
日本早稻田大学理工学院研究所Yamamoto        Makoto等人采用蒸馏式反应器,在270℃下裂解聚苯乙烯(平均分子量99,000),得到液体裂解产物中含有20%的苯乙烯。日本公开特许JP74129772提出一种裂解聚苯乙烯的方法,该方法采用直径3mm的裂解管,在≥300℃下,裂解16.6%的聚苯乙烯甲基萘或四氢萘溶液,裂解时间506秒,苯乙烯的回收率为65.5%,溶剂可重复使用。日本公开特许JP49099326提出一种裂解聚苯乙烯连续制备苯乙烯的方法,该方法采用铜粉催化剂,将聚苯乙烯的苯溶液加入裂解反应器内,在300℃下通入过热水蒸汽,苯乙烯的回收率为58.3%。上述裂解方法的不足之处在于需要大量的芳香族化合物作为聚苯乙烯的溶剂,成本高,难于工业化生产。另一个不足之处是苯乙烯单体的回收率不高。
本发明的目的是为了避免上述裂解还原方法的缺点,提供一种不使用溶剂,直接裂解聚苯乙烯的方法,便于工业化生产。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种提高苯乙烯回收率的裂解聚苯乙烯的方法。
本发明的裂解方法可由以下过程来实现:以废聚苯乙烯为原料,如泡沫聚苯乙烯或其它聚苯乙烯塑料。如果原料为泡沫聚苯乙烯,需经辊压处理。
首先将筛选清洁过的废泡沫聚苯乙烯通过炼胶机辊压,压辊温度控制在140℃,除去泡沫聚苯乙烯中的气泡,然后采用粉碎机将除泡的废聚苯乙烯粉碎成粒径为3~5mm的颗粒。其它废聚苯乙烯塑料也同样粉碎成粒径为3~5mm的颗粒。
将粒状铅锌合金(2∶1)或铅锑合金(2∶1)或锡锌合金(1.5∶1)的添加物放置在裂解釜的底部,再加入金属氧化物催化剂氧化锌或氧化铝或氧化铜。待上述物料投放完毕后,密闭裂解釜,开始加热。当釜内温度升到250℃时,开动设在裂解釜顶部的螺旋推进加料器,以一定投料速度将粒径为3~5mm的废聚苯乙烯颗粒连续投入裂解釜内,保持这个加料速度直到批量的废聚苯乙烯全部加完为止。废聚苯乙烯一投入裂解釜,裂解反应即开始。当温度升到350℃时,以每公斤废聚苯乙烯每小时1.5~2升(1.5~2L/Kg.hr)的流量慢慢通入氮气或二氧化碳或过热水蒸汽。如果裂解反应温度不再上升,应停止通入气体。约一小时后温度升到450℃。在以后的反应过程中,应控制反应温度在450~500℃。在投料的同时,减压蒸馏。裂解釜压力在0.013~0.02MPa下,连续蒸出馏出物。馏出物首先通过吸附有吩噻嗪阻聚剂饱和溶液的瓷环填充管道,然后再进入-5~5℃的冷却槽,冷却为液体。当馏出物重量达到总投料量的85~90%时,即视为裂解反应结束,停止减压、通气。打开裂解釜下部的放料阀,放出生成的沥青、炭化物等。让裂解釜自然降温,到200℃以下时即可进行下次操作。采用本发明的裂解方法,液体馏出物达到总投料重量的90%,其中苯乙烯70~75%,二聚和三聚物、乙苯等15~20%,固体产物为沥青、炭化物,约10%。
聚苯乙烯属于高分子烃类,导热系数低,线膨胀系数大,在大于80℃时转变成高弹态。为了使被裂解的聚苯乙烯受热均匀,减少局部过热、炭化,提高裂解反应温度,为此,在裂解釜内加入合金添加物,其中以铅锌合金(2∶1)最好。合金添加物加入量为200份(以聚苯乙烯100重量份计)。合金添加物在裂解反应中损失很小,可重复使用。
聚苯乙烯热裂解产物随裂解反应的条件不同而变化。分析结果表明:使用二氧化硅/三氧化二铝(含21%的三氧化二铝)催化剂,裂解温度为270℃,液体产物中含有35~53%苯,15%异丙苯,10%乙苯和20~40%高沸点组分。本发明所提供的金属氧化物催化剂,如氧化锌或氧化铝或氧化铜,在上述裂解反应条件下,可使苯乙烯的回收率达到70~75%。这些催化剂中以氧化锌最好。催化剂的用量为0.02~0.05份(以聚苯乙烯100重量份计)。
裂解反应过程中,以一定流量的氮气或二氧化碳或过热水蒸汽通入裂解釜内,可避免聚苯乙烯的过热分解而产生大量低分子副产物,并能控制裂解反应速度。气体流量应控制在1~2L/kg.hr。
本发明所提供的裂解废聚苯乙烯回收苯乙烯单体的方法简便,易于实施,苯乙烯单体回收率高,特别适用于废聚苯乙烯的大规模回收利用。本发明提供了一种解决废聚苯乙烯环境污染和回收利用的有效方法。
实施例一
将200Kg铅锌合金(2∶1)颗粒放置在裂解釜底部,加入0.04Kg氧化铝催化剂,密闭裂解釜,开始加热。到250℃时,开动装在裂解釜顶部的螺旋推进加料器,从加料口以每分钟0.15Kg的速度将粒径为3~5mm的废聚苯乙烯连续投入裂解釜内。当温度升到350℃时,以1L/Kg.hr的流量慢慢通入氮气。如果裂解反应温度不再上升,应停止通入氮气。在以后的反应过程中,控制反应温度在450~500℃。在投料的同时,减压蒸馏。裂解釜压力在0.013~0.02MPa下,连续蒸出馏出物。整个操作过程中应保持每分钟0.15Kg的加料速度,直到批量废聚苯乙烯全部加完为止。馏出物首先通过吸附有吩噻嗪阻聚剂饱和溶液的瓷环填充管道,然后再进入-5~5℃的冷却槽,冷却为液体。当馏出物重量达到总投料量的85~90%时,即视为裂解反应结束,停止减压、通气。打开裂解釜下部的放料阀,将生成的沥青、炭化物等放出,得到苯乙烯单体144~150Kg,二聚和三聚物、乙苯等30~36Kg,沥青、炭化物等约20Kg。
实施例二
将150Kg铅锌合金(2∶1)颗粒放置在裂解釜底部,加入0.045Kg氧化锌催化剂,密闭裂解釜,开始加热。到250℃时,开动装在裂解釜顶部的螺旋推进加料器,从加料口以每分钟0.20Kg的速度将废聚苯乙烯颗粒连续投入裂解釜内。当温度升到350℃时,以2L/Kg.hr的流量慢慢通入二氧化碳。按实施例一的方法操作,得到苯乙烯单体108~112Kg,二聚和三聚物、乙苯等22~27Kg,沥青、炭化物等约15Kg。
实施例三
将200Kg锡锌合金(1.5∶1)颗粒放置在裂解釜底部,加入0.1Kg氧化铜催化剂,密闭裂解釜,开始加热。到250℃时,开动装在裂解釜顶部的螺旋推进加料器,从加料口以每分钟0.20Kg的速度将废聚苯乙烯颗粒连续投入裂解釜内。当温度升到350℃时,以1.5L/Kg.hr的流量慢慢通入过热水蒸汽。按实施例一的方法操作,得到苯乙烯单体140~148Kg,二聚和三聚物、乙苯等32~40Kg,沥青、炭化物等约20Kg。

Claims (9)

1、一种废聚苯乙烯裂解还原回收苯乙烯单体的方法,其特征在于:
在裂解釜底部放置合金添加物,采用金属氧化物催化剂,当裂解釜温度升到250℃时,以每小时0.15~0.20Kg的加料速度连续投入粒径为3~5mm的废聚苯乙烯颗粒,当裂解釜温度升到350℃时,以1~2L/Kg.hr的流量通入气体,保持裂解反应温度在450~500℃下,使裂解反应继续进行,在投料的同时,减压蒸馏。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是金属氧化物催化剂为氧化锌或氧化铝或氧化铜。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是金属氧化物催化剂最好为氧化锌。
4、根据权利要求1、2或3所述的方法,其特征是金属氧化物催化剂的用量为0.02~0.05份(以聚苯乙烯100重量份计)。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是合金添加物为铅锌合金(2∶1)或铅锑合金(2∶1)或锡锌合金(1.5∶1)。
6、根据权利要求1或5所述的方法,其特征是合金添加物最好为铅锌合金(2∶1)。
7、根据权利要求1、5或6所述的方法,其特征是合金添加物的用量为200份(以聚苯乙烯100重量份计)。
8、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是气体为氮气或二氧化碳或过热水蒸汽。
9、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是减压蒸馏的裂解釜压力为0.013~0.20MPa。
CN89101122A 1989-02-17 1989-02-17 废聚苯乙烯裂解还原回收苯乙烯单体的方法 Expired CN1015451B (zh)

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GB9003258A GB2228493B (en) 1989-02-17 1990-02-13 A method for retrieving styrene monomer from discarded polystyrene scrap through pyrolytic reduction
US07/480,992 US5072068A (en) 1989-02-17 1990-02-16 Method for retrieving styrene monomer from discarded polystyrene scrap through pyrolytic reduction

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US4584421A (en) * 1983-03-25 1986-04-22 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Method for thermal decomposition of plastic scraps and apparatus for disposal of plastic scraps

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US5072068A (en) 1991-12-10
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GB2228493A (en) 1990-08-29
GB9003258D0 (en) 1990-04-11
CN1015451B (zh) 1992-02-12

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