CN103948042A - 一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,涉及生物医药技术领域,属于微胶囊的制备技术领域。其制备步骤包括:以角鲨烯为芯材,山梨醇脂肪酸酯或聚山梨酯为油相乳化剂,添加比例在7:1(w:w)到3:1(w:w)之间,采用明胶-阿拉伯胶-麦芽糊精-蔗糖酯为复合壁材,添加比例在1:1:8:0.5(w:w:w:w)~3:3:8:1(w:w:w:w)之间,超声乳化处理(超声探头发射功率为200~300w之间,超声时间为2~5min)的芯材乳液与壁材溶液经混合均质,所得角鲨烯微胶囊溶液采用喷雾干燥法或真空冷冻干燥,制得角鲨烯微胶囊粉末。采用此方法制备的角鲨烯微胶囊能有效防止角鲨烯的氧化,提高其储藏时间,方法成本适中,适用于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,属于微胶囊技术在角鲨烯等保健品及药品上的应用。
背景技术
角鲨烯是一种对人体有益的不皂化脂质,属于开环三萜类长链碳水化合物,分子式为C30H50,相对分子量为410.7,系统命名为2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基-2,6,10,14,18,22-二十四碳六烯。角鲨烯别名又叫鲨烯,鲨萜,鱼肝油素或鱼肝油萜,最早在鲨鱼的肝脏中发现。角鲨烯呈无色或淡黄色油状,具有多种生理功能,广泛应用于医药、食品、化妆品和日用品等领域。
微胶囊技术是指利用天然的或合成的高分子包囊材料作为壁材,将固体、液体、甚至气体的微小囊核物质(芯材)包覆形成一种具有半透性或密封囊膜的微型技术[1]。微胶囊技术给食品工业带来了突破性的进展,例如将食用油脂微胶囊化可以使液体油脂转变为固态粉末,提高了使用和贮运的方便性;同时避免其氧化劣变,延长油脂的贮藏期[2]。
角鲨烯是一种油脂性物质,具有良好的生物活性,角鲨烯的微胶囊化有利于其的储存以及药效的逐步释放;Lulu Han等[3]应用冷冻干燥的方法研究了角鲨烯微胶囊的制备,但由于静置状态下乳液容易聚合,微胶囊颗粒粒径不易控制,同时冷冻干燥能耗高,周期长,实际工业化生产受到了一定限制。喷雾干燥制备微胶囊是将均匀混合芯壁材乳液通过喷雾雾化,使溶解壁材的溶剂瞬间在热气流中蒸发除去而得到颗粒粉末状微胶囊产品的一种技术[4]。此方法速率高、时间短,产品具有良好的分散性和溶解性,且操作简单灵活,成本较低,适合于工业化生产,喷雾干燥法是目前应用最广泛的一种微胶囊化方法之一,但目前尚未有对喷雾干燥制备角鲨烯微胶囊方面的专利报道。
本发明提供了一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,经摸索,产品包埋率高,水分含量小,颗粒呈球形,粒径有效控制在100μm以下,所得微胶囊耐热性和耐氧性都大幅提升,扩宽了角鲨烯的应用范围,提高了角鲨烯的贮藏时间。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,其技术流程如下:
a、将芯材角鲨烯与油相乳化剂按7:1(w:w)到3:1(w:w)一定比例称取后加入一定量的去离子水中,采用超声波(超声功率200~300w之间,超声时间为2~5min)乳化成均匀分散的乳化液;
b、将比例在1:1:8:0.5(w:w:w:w)~3:3:8:1(w:w:w:w)之间的明胶、阿拉伯胶、麦芽糊精和蔗糖酯加入到加热过的去离子水中(加热到60~90℃之间后停止加热),搅拌溶解;
c、将壁材溶液和芯材溶液在胶体磨中混合均匀后转入高压均质机中高速剪切一段时间,得微胶囊溶液;
d、所得微胶囊溶液立即进行喷雾干燥(参数为进风温度160℃~210℃,出风温度95℃~120℃,喷雾空气流量为1.2m3/h ~1.8m3/h,进料速率为5r/min~8r/min),得角鲨烯微胶囊产品。
本法所得的角鲨烯微胶囊的包埋率在85~92%之间,产品含水率在7%以下,微胶囊粒径在100μm以下。
附图说明
图1为角鲨烯芯材乳液微观图。
图2为角鲨烯的IR图谱。
图3为角鲨烯微胶囊的IR图谱。
图4为角鲨烯微胶囊的扫描电镜图。
图5为角鲨烯微胶囊的粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
实例分析 1
称取3.5g角鲨烯与0.5g吐温80,加入50ml去离子水中,超声波乳化(功率250w,时间4min),并称取2.5g明胶、2.5g阿拉伯胶、8.0g麦芽糊精和0.5g蔗糖酯加入到400ml的60℃的温水中,搅拌至完全溶解。将这种溶液在胶体磨中混合并高速剪切10min后转入高压均质机中均质20min,制得角鲨烯微胶囊溶液,溶液经泵输入喷雾干燥机中,在进风温度180℃,出风温度105℃,喷雾空气流速1.8m3/h,进料速率8r/min,料液固含量在3.87%的条件下进行喷雾干燥,所得角鲨烯微胶囊的包埋率在92%,含水量在5%,平均粒径为12μm。
实例分析 2
称取2.5g角鲨烯与0.4g斯盘60,加入40ml去离子水中,超声波乳化(功率300w,时间4min),并称取2.0g明胶、2.0g阿拉伯胶、8.0g麦芽糊精和0.5g蔗糖酯加入到400ml的60℃的温水中,搅拌至完全溶解。将这种溶液在胶体磨中混合并高速剪切10min后转入高压均质机中均质20min,制得角鲨烯微胶囊溶液,溶液经泵输入喷雾干燥机中,在进风温度200℃,出风温度115℃,喷雾空气流速1.8m3/h,进料速率6r/min,料液固含量在3.87%的条件下进行喷雾干燥,所得角鲨烯微胶囊的包埋率在94%,含水量在3.8%,平均粒径为9.8μm。
实例分析 3
称取5.0g角鲨烯与1.2g吐温80,加入100ml去离子水中,超声波乳化(功率240w,时间4min),并称取4.0g明胶、4.0g阿拉伯胶、16.0g麦芽糊精和1.0g蔗糖酯加入到500ml的80℃的温水中,搅拌至完全溶解。将这种溶液在胶体磨中混合并高速剪切10min后转入高压均质机中均质30min,制得角鲨烯微胶囊溶液,溶液经泵输入喷雾干燥机中,在进风温度200℃,出风温度110℃,喷雾空气流速2.0m3/h,进料速率9r/min,料液固含量在4.0 %的条件下进行喷雾干燥,所得角鲨烯微胶囊的包埋率在89%,含水量在5.3%,平均粒径为14μm。
Claims (6)
1.一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于利用明胶、阿拉伯胶、麦芽糊精、蔗糖酯复配作为壁材,山梨醇脂肪酸酯或聚山梨酯作为芯材乳化剂,超声波辅助乳化,结合高压均质,采用喷雾干燥或真空冷冻干燥制备角鲨烯微胶囊粉末,其具体步骤为:
(1)芯材乳液配制:将芯材角鲨烯与油相乳化剂按一定比例称取后加入一定量的去离子水中,采用超声波乳化成均匀分散的乳化液;
(2)壁材溶液配制:将一定比例的明胶、阿拉伯胶、麦芽糊精和蔗糖酯加入到加热过的去离子水中,搅拌溶解;
(3)芯壁材混合:将壁材溶液和芯材溶液在胶体磨中混合均匀后转入高压均质机中高速剪切一段时间,得微胶囊溶液;
(4)干燥:所得微胶囊溶液立即进行喷雾干燥或真空冷冻干燥,得角鲨烯微胶囊产品。
2.如权利要求1所述一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:芯材乳液配制时,油相乳化剂可选山梨醇脂肪酸酯(斯盘系列)或聚山梨酯(吐温系列);芯材角鲨烯和油相乳化剂的添加比例在7:1(w:w)到3:1(w:w)之间。
3.如权利要求1所述一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:芯材乳化阶段采用的超声波装置为超声波探头式装置,超声探头发射功率为200~300w之间,超声时间为2~5min。
4.如权利要求1所述一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:壁材溶液配制时,应先将去离子水加热到60~90℃之间后停止加热,按明胶、阿拉伯胶、蔗糖酯、麦芽糊精的顺序依次加入壁材,搅拌,直至壁材完全溶解。
5.如权利要求1所述一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:壁材溶液配制时,明胶、阿拉伯胶、麦芽糊精和蔗糖酯的添加比例在1:1:8:0.5(w:w:w:w)~3:3:8:1(w:w:w:w)之间。
6.如权利要求1所述一种角鲨烯微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:采取喷雾干燥参数为进风温度160℃~210℃,出风温度95℃~120℃,喷雾空气流量为1.2m3/h ~1.8m3/h,进料速率为5r/min~8r/min;若采取真空冷冻干燥参数为,在-40℃下预冻3~4小时后,真空度0.05~0.08MPa,冷凝温度-40~-50℃下,进行真空升华干燥。
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