CN103946928B - 电绝缘系统 - Google Patents

电绝缘系统 Download PDF

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CN103946928B
CN103946928B CN201280055969.8A CN201280055969A CN103946928B CN 103946928 B CN103946928 B CN 103946928B CN 201280055969 A CN201280055969 A CN 201280055969A CN 103946928 B CN103946928 B CN 103946928B
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insulating barrier
insulation system
electrical insulation
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CN103946928A (zh
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安德斯·比约克隆德
弗雷德里克·萨伦
亨利克·希尔堡
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Abstract

一种电绝缘系统，包括：含有第一聚合物和以纳米颗粒形式的第一填充物的第一绝缘层(60)；含有第二聚合物和以氧化铬Cr2O3、氧化铁Fe2O3、或者氧化铬和氧化铁的混合物形式的第二填充物的第二绝缘层(70)。第一绝缘层(60)和第二绝缘层(70)中的至少一个为固态并且平坦的片的形式。通过对具有很好地分散的纳米颗粒的第一绝缘层与填充有Cr2O3颗粒和/或Fe2O3颗粒的第二绝缘层进行结合的绝缘系统，两种绝缘层的协同效应为绝缘系统提供了防止放电的极好防护和抗性。片材允许任何人在没有任何专用设备的情况下组装绝缘系统。

Description

电绝缘系统
技术领域
本发明涉及包括两个不同绝缘层的电绝缘系统。
背景技术
将绝缘材料设置为片材(即薄片的形式)，然后将将片材围绕要绝缘的对象缠绕是已知的。片材包含在聚合物基体内的纳米颗粒填充物也是已知的。例如，通常可以通过以下方式来使电导体绝缘：围绕电导体缠绕绝缘带，该绝缘带包含在聚酰胺酯(PEI，polyesterimide)的基体内的纳米颗粒填充物，缠绕之后，对带进行加热，以便将涂敷在带上的粘合剂熔化，从而将带粘贴在导体上。该常规绝缘系统很好地抗局部放电，该抗性(resistance)基于纳米颗粒的防止带电粒子穿透绝缘带的性能。
已知的还有，例如，根据EP0356929，通过为绝缘系统设置导电顶层来保护绝缘系统的下部免受电晕放电(corona discharge)影响。顶层可以包含在聚合物基体中的氧化铬(Cr2O3)填充物。Cr2O3填充物增加了绝缘系统的表面上的导电性，并且这似乎减轻了电晕放电的集中效应。认为导电性使电晕放电的影响在更大的表面范围上消散，因而减小了电晕放电的有害影响。
虽然上述两种绝缘系统即纳米填充带和填充有Cr2O3的顶层均提供了令人满意的防止局部放电的抗性，但是仍然存在进一步提高该抗性以便延长绝缘系统的寿命的持续需求。
虽然可以获得以片材的形式的一些绝缘系统，但是尚未获得用于组装先进的绝缘系统的任何片材。例如，填充有Cr2O3的顶层以复杂的工艺应用在导体上，在该工艺期间，导体多次经历镀槽(coating bath)、随后的擦拭模具(wiping die)或擦毡(wiping felt)、以及用于固化涂层(coating)的加热装置。因此该常规涂层工艺只能由具有相应设备的高度专业化的公司来实施。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的为提供一种具有防止局部放电的改善的抗性的绝缘系统。
本发明的另一目的为能够使任何人将抗局部放电的绝缘系统应用于对象上。
这些目的通过根据所附的权利要求1的装置来实现。
迄今为止具有纳米填充聚合物和填充有Cr2O3的聚合物的已知绝缘系统被认为是对局部放电问题的可选的并且在某种程度上相当好的解决方案。本发明基于以下认识：当这两种解决方案相结合时，得到的绝缘系统提供了根据两种绝缘系统单独的性能预测不到的意想不到的长寿命。两种已知绝缘系统的结合似乎实现了机理尚未详尽知晓的协同效应。
本发明还基于以下认识：当提供包括电绝缘系统的合适部件的片材形式的半成品时，在没有任何专用设备的条件下容易组装绝缘系统。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种包括第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的电绝缘系统，第一绝缘层包括第一聚合物和以纳米颗粒形式的第一填充物，第二绝缘层包括第二聚合物和以氧化铬Cr2O3、氧化铁Fe2O3、或氧化铬和氧化铁的混合物形式的第二填充物。第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层中的至少之一为固态并且平坦的片的形式。
在具有很好地分散的纳米颗粒的第一绝缘层与填充有Cr2O3颗粒和/或Fe2O3颗粒的第二绝缘层进行结合的绝缘系统中，两种绝缘层的协同效应为绝缘系统提供了防止放电的极好的防护和抗性。固态并且平坦的片容易处理并且其允许任何人将抗局部放电的绝缘系统应用在对象上。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层两者是固态并且平坦的片的形式。通过该措施，绝缘系统的易处理性进一步提高。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层两者集成为单个固态并且平坦的片。通过该措施，绝缘系统的易处理性进一步提高。
根据本发明的一个实施例，该片包括用于将该片附着在要绝缘的对象上的粘合剂。粘合剂提供了用于附着该片的简单方法。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一绝缘层在第二绝缘层与粘合剂之间。本身具有一定本征电导性的第二绝缘层应构成最外层，以保护第一绝缘层免受电晕放电影响。
根据本发明的一个实施例，每个片具有在0.01mm-0.4mm的范围内的厚度，例如，在0.02mm-0.2mm的范围内。这样的厚度表现出为片提供了合适的柔性和强度。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第二填充物以第二绝缘层的体积的10％-40％的量存在，例如，以第二绝缘层的体积的10％-30％或15％-20％的量存在。第二填充物的这样的浓度表现出为第二绝缘层提供了可接受的对电晕放电的抗性以及可接受的机械性质。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第二绝缘填充物具有0.005μm-30μm的平均颗粒尺寸，例如，0.005μm-10μm或0.15μm-5μm的平均颗粒尺寸。第二填充物的这样的颗粒尺寸表现出为第二绝缘层提供了良好的防止电晕放电的抗性。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第二填充物具有在104-108欧姆米(ohmm)的范围内的电阻率。第二填充物的这样的电阻率表现出为第二绝缘层提供了合适的本征电导性和良好的防止电晕放电的抗性。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一填充物包括以下中的任一种：二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡以及氧化镁。这些填充物表现出为第一绝缘层提供了良好的防止局部放电的抗性。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一绝缘层中的纳米颗粒以第一层的体积的1％-40％的量存在。纳米颗粒的这样的浓度表现出为第一绝缘层提供了可接受的防止局部放电的抗性以及良好的机械性质。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一绝缘层中的纳米颗粒具有1nm-200nm的平均颗粒尺寸。纳米颗粒的这样的尺寸表现出为第一绝缘层提供了良好的防止局部放电的抗性。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一聚合物和第二聚合物包括以下聚合物中的至少一种：聚酯、聚酯酰亚胺、聚酰胺亚胺、聚酯酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚酰胺以及聚砜。这些聚合物提供了能够使第一填充物和第二填充物容易分散在其中的合适基体。此外，这些聚合物具有用于变成薄片材料的合适的强度和柔性。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种包括根据前述实施例中的任何一个实施例的电绝缘系统的电导体。根据前述实施例的电绝缘系统尤其适合于应用在电导体上。
根据本发明的一个实施例，片围绕导体缠绕若干圈并且至少一圈与在前的圈互搭。通过使圈互搭，确保了在随后的圈之间没有留下间隙。
附图说明
将参照附图更详细地说明本发明，其中，
图1示出了设置有根据本发明的一个实施例的绝缘系统的电导体；
图2示出了包括根据本发明的一个实施例的绝缘系统的片材；以及
图3示出了根据本发明的绝缘系统和两个现有技术的绝缘系统的寿命曲线的对比。
具体实施方式
参照图1，电导体10可以通过围绕其缠绕包括第一绝缘层60的第一条带20来进行绝缘。第一绝缘层60包括第一聚合物和以纳米颗粒形式的第一填充物。包括第二绝缘层70的第二条带30与第一条带20同时进行缠绕。第二绝缘层70包括第二聚合物和以Cr2O3形式的第二填充物。两个条带20、30具有相等的宽度，并且优选地是第二条带30完全覆盖第一条带。可替代地，电导体10可以首先单独用第一条带20进行缠绕，此后单独缠绕第二条带30。第一条带20和第二条带30可以包括用于将条带附着在电导体10上的粘合剂80。可选地，可以在条带的两面上均涂敷粘合剂。粘合剂可以包括包含氟化乙丙烯(FEP，fluorinated ethylenepropylene)的含氟聚合物树脂。每一圈与在前的圈互搭，使得沿着随后的圈之间的接合处产生互搭区40。
代替包括两个单独的条带20、30，第一聚合物、第一填充物、第二聚合物和第二填充物可全部集成为可以用单个步骤进行缠绕的第三条带50。这样的第三条带50在图2中示出，并且其包含：包括第一聚合物和以纳米颗粒形式的第一填充物的第一绝缘层60；包括第二聚合物和以Cr2O3形式的第二填充物的第二绝缘层70；以及用于将第三条带50附着在要绝缘的对象上的粘合剂80。与两个单独的条带20、30相比，第三条带50不仅具有使缠绕简化的优点，而且可以改进得到的绝缘系统，原因是单独缠绕两个条带增加了将杂质和气泡限制在第一绝缘层60与第二绝缘层70之间的风险。这些杂质和气泡削弱了绝缘系统防止局部放电的抗性。
第一条带20、第二条带30和第三条带50的厚度优选地是在0.01mm与0.4mm之间，并且甚至更优选地是在0.02mm与0.2mm之间。第一绝缘层60的厚度优选地是在0.01mm与0.12mm之间，而第二绝缘层70的厚度优选地在0.005mm与0.06mm之间。
在每种情况中，替代Cr2O3，第二填充物可以是氧化铁(Fe2O3)，或者Cr2O3和Fe2O3的混合物。第二填充物的作用是赋予绝缘系统的外表面足够的导电性，从而保护绝缘系统的下部免受电晕放电的集中效应的影响。为了实现该效果，第二填充物应该具有在104-108欧姆米的范围内的电阻率。此外，第二填充物应该以第二绝缘层70的体积的10％-40％的量存在，优选地为第二绝缘层70的体积的10％-30％，以及最优选地为第二绝缘层70的体积的15％-20％。此外，第二填充物应该具有0.005μm-30μm的平均颗粒尺寸，优选地为0.005μm-10μm的平均颗粒尺寸，最优选地为0.15μm-5μm的平均颗粒尺寸。
第一填充物的作用同样是提供防止局部放电的保护，并且特别地是提供在机械上耐用的保护。作为第一填充物的纳米颗粒一方面为第一绝缘层60提供了良好的防止局部放电的保护，并且另一方面提供了极好的抗弯强度(bending strength)。第二绝缘层70的机械性质随着第二填充物的量的增加而降低。因而两个绝缘层60、70弥补了彼此的缺点。为了实现良好的机械性质，第一绝缘层60中的纳米颗粒应该以第一绝缘层60的体积的1％-40％的量存在，并且其平均颗粒尺寸应该为1nm-200nm。此外，纳米颗粒应该很好地分散到第一聚合物中。第一填充物可以包括二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡或氧化镁、或者其混合物。
如在上文中所确定的，第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层两者本质上都是根据现有技术已知的。看来两种现有技术的解决方案基于非常不同的抗局部放电的原理，因此两种绝缘层的结合实现了给出出乎意料的结果的协同效应。即使该协同效应的机理尚未详尽知晓，但该效应本身却是容易度量的。图3示出两个现有技术的绝缘系统和根据本发明的绝缘系统的寿命曲线。可以看到，与两种现有技术的绝缘系统的寿命曲线的斜率单独相比，纳米填充的聚合物和填充有Cr2O3的聚合物的结合引起了在相应寿命曲线的斜率上的显著不同。
第一聚合物和第二聚合物的作用是构造能够分别将第一填充物和第二填充物的颗粒基本上均匀地分布在其内的基体。得到的组合物也必须适合于变为容易处理的片材。第一聚合物和第二聚合物可以包括以下聚合物中的至少一种：聚酯、聚酯酰亚胺、聚酰胺亚胺、聚酯酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚酰胺以及聚砜。第一聚合物和第二聚合物还可以为相同的聚合物。
本发明不限于以上所示的实施例，而是本领域技术人员当然可以在通过权力要求限定的本发明范围内以多种方式对以上所示的实施例进行修改。

Claims (20)

1.一种电绝缘系统，包括：含有第一聚合物和以纳米颗粒形式的第一填充物的第一绝缘层(60)；含有第二聚合物和以氧化铬、氧化铁、或者氧化铬和氧化铁的混合物形式的第二填充物的第二绝缘层(70)，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘层(60)和所述第二绝缘层(70)中的至少一个为固态并且平坦的片的形式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第一绝缘层(60)和所述第二绝缘层(70)两者都是固态并且平坦的片的形式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第一绝缘层(60)和所述第二绝缘层(70)两者集成为单个固态并且平坦的片。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述片包括用于将所述片附着在要绝缘的对象上的粘合剂(80)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第一绝缘层(60)在所述第二绝缘层(70)与所述粘合剂(80)之间。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，每个片均具有在0.01mm-0.4mm的范围内的厚度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电绝缘系统，其中，每个片均具有在0.02mm-0.2mm的范围内的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第二填充物以所述第二绝缘层(70)的体积的10％-40％的量存在。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第二填充物以所述第二绝缘层(70)的体积的10％-30％的量存在。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第二填充物以所述第二绝缘层(70)的体积的15％-20％的量存在。
11.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第二填充物具有0.005μm-30μm的平均颗粒尺寸。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第二填充物具有0.005μm-10μm的平均颗粒尺寸。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第二填充物具有0.15μm-5μm的平均颗粒尺寸。
14.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第二填充物具有在104-108欧姆米的范围内的电阻率。
15.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第一填充物包括以下中的任一种：二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡以及氧化镁。
16.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第一绝缘层(60)中的纳米颗粒以所述第一绝缘层的体积的1％-40％的量存在。
17.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第一绝缘层(60)中的纳米颗粒具有1nm-200nm的平均颗粒尺寸。
18.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电绝缘系统，其中，所述第一聚合物和所述第二聚合物包括以下聚合物中的至少一种：聚酯、聚酯酰亚胺、聚酰胺亚胺、聚酯酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚酰胺以及聚砜。
19.一种电导体(10)，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电绝缘系统。
20.根据权利要求19所述的电导体(10)，其中，所述片围绕所述电导体缠绕若干圈并且至少一圈与在前的圈互搭。
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