CN103946760B - 用于恢复电力系统内服务的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于恢复电力系统内服务的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN103946760B
CN103946760B CN201280053417.3A CN201280053417A CN103946760B CN 103946760 B CN103946760 B CN 103946760B CN 201280053417 A CN201280053417 A CN 201280053417A CN 103946760 B CN103946760 B CN 103946760B
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power
electric vehicle
power supply
supply interrupted
interrupted district
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CN103946760A (zh
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S·莫哈更希
J·斯托皮斯
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Hitachi Energy Co ltd
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses

Abstract

公开了一种恢复电力系统内服务的系统和方法。该方法可以包括识别针对电力系统内的停电区域的恢复路径，选择电连接到恢复路径和停电区域中的至少一个的移动能源资源连接站点，发送功率注入请求到多个移动能源资源，所述移动能源资源中的至少一些可能是邻近的连接站点，接收来自多个移动能源资源中的参与者的功率注入许可，并且实施恢复路径。该系统可以包括处理器和计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质具有嵌入其上的多个机器可读指令并且被配置为由所述处理器执行所述方法。

Description

用于恢复电力系统内服务的系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2011年10月31日提交的题为“SYSTEMS ANDMETHODS FOR RESTORING SERVICE WITHIN ELECTRICALPOWER SYSTEMS”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/553398的权益和优先权。上述专利申请的完整公开内容在此通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及恢复电力系统中的服务，并且更具体地涉及使用移动能源资源来恢复服务。
背景技术
当电力系统(诸如配电系统)中发生故障时，该故障可以被隔离。在一些实例中，隔离故障可能会被附加地隔离正常的下游区域，这对于客户来说将导致本来正常的下游区域在修理故障电路时停电。各种服务恢复计划和算法可以用来恢复为被隔离的客户供电，但正常的下游区域使用替代源和/或电路以通过替代路线向客户提供功率，使得由下游客户所经历的停电时间可以减少或最小化。
电力服务恢复的实例在美国专利号6907321和7705487，以及美国专利申请公开号2011/0029148中公开。使用电动车辆供电给电力网络的实例在美国专利号5642270和7747739，美国专利申请公开号2007/0282495，2008/0040479和2010/0277121，以及美国临时专利申请序列号61/408157中公开，这是于2010年10月29日提交的题为“Dispatching Mobile Energy Resources to Respond to Electric PowerGrid Conditions”。这些公开和所有其他本文中参考的出版物的整体在此通过引用并入本文。
发明内容
在一些实例中，用于恢复电力系统内服务的方法可以包括识别针对所述电力系统内的停电区域的恢复路径，选择移动能源资源连接站点，发送功率注入请求到多个移动能源资源，接收来自所述多个移动能源资源中的参与者的功率注入许可，以及实施所述恢复路径。所述移动能源资源连接站点可以电连接到恢复路径和停电区域中的至少一个。至少一些所述多个移动能源资源可以临近连接站点。
在一些实例中，用于恢复电力系统内服务的方法可以包括识别针对电力系统中的停电区域的恢复路径，选择电动车辆充电站，发送放电请求到多个电动车辆，接收来所述多个电动车辆的参与者的放电许可，以及实施恢复路径。电动车辆充电站可以电连接到恢复路径和停电区域中的至少一个。至少一些所述多个电动车辆可以临近充电站。
在一些实例中，对于恢复电力系统内的服务的系统可以包括处理器，和具有嵌入其上的多个机器可读指令的计算机可读存储介质，并且所述计算机可读存储介质被配置为由所述处理器执行。多个机器可读指令可包括识别针对电力系统中的停电区域的恢复路径的指令，选择至少一个电动车辆充电站的指令，发送功率注入请求到多个电动车辆的指令，接收来自多个电动车辆的参与者的功率注入许可的指令，以及实施恢复路径的指令。所选择的电动车辆充电站可以电连接到恢复路径和停电区域中的至少一个。至少一些所述多个电动车辆可以临近充电站。
附图说明
图1是适于与本公开的方法和系统一起使用的电力系统的非排他性的示例性实例的单线图。
图2是图1的电力系统的单线图，其中示出被隔离的故障和导致的断电区域。
图3是示出用于恢复电力系统内的服务的方法的非排他性的示例性实例的流程图。
图4是图1和2的电力系统的单线图，其中示出被隔离的故障和功率通过恢复区域被恢复到停电区域的另一非排他性的示例性实例。
图5是图1和2的电力系统的单线图，其中示出与被隔离的故障和功率被恢复到停电区域的另一非排他性的示例性实例。
图6是用于恢复电力系统中的服务的系统的框图。
图7是示出用于恢复电力系统中的服务的方法的另一非排他性的示例性实例的流程图。
具体实施方式
如将要更充分地展示，移动能源资源(诸如插电式混合动力车或电动车)可以被集成到电力系统(诸如配电系统或电网)，诸如用于响应于不同的电力电网条件。例如，移动能源资源可以用于需求或功率响应和/或服务恢复应用，诸如在电源短缺或停电区域内供电给客户期间。在一些实例中，有关一个或多个移动能源资源的地理位置和/或它们的充电水平可以用于评估用于集成到电网的可能候选者，诸如响应于电力系统的特定区域或特定多个区域中的停电或供电短缺。
如本文所使用的，电力系统或电网可以指将功率的生产者与消费者连接起来的电力配电系统或网络。电力系统可以包括发电机、变压器、联络线、开关站、和安全设施，作为用于提供大容量功率的输电系统和/或用于提供零售功率的配电系统的一部分。应当理解的是，本文所公开的系统和方法可以垂直缩放，诸如用于社区、城市、大区、控制区域、或甚至是一个或多个大型联络线，诸如北美电力可靠性委员会(NERC)的八大规模联络线的一个或多个。所公开的系统和方法可以是水平方向可缩放的，诸如用于同时向多个电网区域提供电力服务。
这里使用的“能源资源”，指的是可以要求或请求提供或注入功率，获取或消耗功率和/或存储能量的电气实体。提供或注入功率，能源资源可以充当发电机或源。获取功率，能源资源可以充当负载和/或存储能量。能源资源的非排他性的示例性实例可以包括用于电动或混合动力车辆的电池/充电器/逆变器系统，已使用过但仍然可以提供服务的电动车辆电池的储存库、固定能量存储、燃料电池发电机、应急发电机、可控负载等。
如本文所用的“移动能源资源”或“MER”可以指可以被调配，或以其他可用方式提供的能量资源，其出现和/或连接在整个电力系统中不同的位置处，诸如通过位于电力系统内各处的连接站点提供功率响应或功率注入到电力系统中。在一些实例中，MER本身可以是移动的，使得它可以物理地出现在电力系统之中或之内的不同地理位置上，诸如当MER是电动车辆时。
如本文所用，“电动车辆”应当广义地解释为是指具有发电和/或存储容量的车辆，以及能够连接到电力系统以对车辆的内部或板上能量存储系统进行充电。因此，“电动车辆”的非排他性的示例性实例包括纯电动车辆，也包括混合动力电动车辆，诸如插电式混合动力电动车辆。车辆能量存储系统可以包括电池、燃料电池、电容器、飞轮等，或它们的任意组合。
电力系统的非排他性的示例性实例总体上示出为图1中的10。除非另有规定，电力系统10可以(但不是必须)包含至少一个本文所描述、示出、和/或合并的结构、部件、功能和/或变化形式。在图示的实例中，电力系统10包括形式为双源配电馈线12的电力线。馈线12从一对电源14、16供电，并包括多个开关18、20、22、24、26。开关18、20、24、26是常闭的，并且馈线12通过常开联络开关22进行划分。多个负载28、30、32、34由馈线12供电。另外，一对MER连接站点36、38也连接到馈线12。
可以存在多个MER40，其中至少有一些MER40临近连接站点36、38其中一个或多个。如图1所示，第一MER42连接到连接站点36，并从连接站点36接收功率，而第二MER44连接到连接站点38，并从连接站点38接收功率。
如可以理解的那样，多个MER可以是车辆或包含车辆，所述车辆包括电能源，例如其中至少一些MER是电动车辆。在这样的实例中，连接站点可以被配置为选择性地与车辆的电能源交换功率，将功率传递到车辆的电能源，和/或从车辆的电能源接收功率。例如，MER的至少一些可以是插电式电动车辆，并且MER连接站点可以是电动车辆充电站。电动车辆充电站可以被配置为与插电式电动车辆一起使用并且可以被配置为选择性地将功率传递到插电式电动车，例如以对电池或电动车辆的其他电源进行充电，以及选择性地从插电式电动车辆的电池接收功率，例如通过将电动车辆的电池进行放电。如在图1中的非排他性的示例性实例所示的，图示的MER40为电动车辆，并且连接站点36、38为电动车辆充电站。因此，第一和第二MER42、44被连接到连接站点36、38，并由连接站点36、38对它们的能源进行充电。
参考图2作为非排他性的示例性实例，故障48可能发生在对负载28供电的馈线12的区段或部分处或所述区段或部分上。响应于该故障，常闭开关18、20可以打开，或被打开，以将故障48和负载28隔离在被隔离带或区域50。开关18、20的打开可以是合适的故障检测和隔离的过程或算法执行或实现的一部分，或者由于合适的故障检测和隔离的过程或算法执行或实现而导致。如可以理解的，在打开开关18、20也将隔离本来正常的下游区域，从而产生从电源14、16隔离的停电区域52，使得负载30和MER连接站点36没有功率，并且MER42不再从连接站点36接收功率和/或由连接站点36进行充电。
如可能期望恢复为停电区域52内的负载供电，该常开联络开关22可以关闭，或者被关闭，例如由于执行合适的故障检测、隔离和恢复(FDIR)过程或算法所导致。一旦关闭常开联络开关22，停电区域52中的负载(即，负载30和MER连接站点36)然后将从源16供应，所述源16将充当针对停电区域52的恢复源。如可以理解的，在这样的实例中，源16然后将为总负载供电，所述总负载包括除了沿恢复路径54的负荷(即，负载32、34和连接站点38)之外还有停电区域52中的负载(即，负载30和连接站点36)。如果源16具有不足够的容量裕度来为除了沿恢复路径54的负载之外还有停电区域52中的负载供电，或沿着恢复路径的一个或多个装备额定限制对所提出的恢复来说不足够时，源16对于用作针对停电区域52中的负载的恢复源来说可能不适合。但是，如下面更详细解释的，来自MER40的一个或多个的功率注入回电力系统10中可以允许或支持恢复到停电区域52中的负载的至少一些负载的功率。
以下段落描述用于恢复电力系统内的服务的方法的非排他性的示例性实例，使用本文公开的概念和部件。所描述方法的动作可以按照下面给出的顺序来执行。然而，除非上下文另有指示，否则这些动作(自身或以各种组合)在其他动作之前和/或之后执行都处于本发明的范围之内。所公开方法省略所供公开动作的一个或多个和/或除了本文公开的那些动作之外还包括一个或多个动作，都进一步处于本公开的范围之内。
用于恢复电力系统内服务的方法的非独占性的示例性的实例由图3中的流程图60所示。如图3所示，用于恢复电力系统内的服务的方法可以包括识别针对电源系内的停电区域的恢复路径，如框62所示；选择电连接到恢复路径和停电区域中至少一个的MER连接站点，如框64所示；发送功率注入请求到多个MER，如框66所示；接收来自多个MER的参与者的功率注入许可，如框68所示；并执行恢复路径，如框70所示。
恢复路径可以基于任何合适的准则针对给定的电力系统内的特定停电区域被识别。例如，FDIR算法可以评估：针对其容量裕度的可用恢复源，针对其装备额定限制裕度的恢复路径，以及停电区域的负荷，以确定是否使用一个或多个恢复源和一个或多个恢复路径可以恢复到停电区域的负载。
电连接到恢复路径和/或停电区域的MER连接站点可以使用任何合适的方法来识别和/或选取。例如，可以使用连接矩阵或网络或连接模型(如果有的话)。
功率注入请求可以使用任何合适的方法来发送到多个MER，诸如电力系统的控制和各种MER之间的无线通信链路。
在一些实例中，至少一些MER可以被识别为或确定为临近所述至少一个连接站点，其中至少有一些被识别为临近电连接到该恢复路径的MER和/或停电区域的连接站点。在这些实例中，功率注入的请求可以被发送到所标识的MER。
基于任意适合的准则，MER可以被识别为或确定为临近的连接站点。例如，可接受的距离或接触面积可以针对所述连接站点的至少一些而定义，其中当MER位于可接受的距离，或针对连接站点而定义的区域之内时，MER被识别为临近连接站点。作为非排他性的示例性实施例，可接受的距离可以是指MER可以在预定的时间间隔内行进的距离。
功率注入请求可以指引MER到连接站点，并通过该连接站点注入功率到电力系统中。例如，注入功率请求可以是包括指挥MER进行行驶和/或以其他方式被移动到连接站点并注入功率到电力系统中的放电请求。当MER是电动车辆，功率注入请求可以包括进行到电动车辆充电站、到充电站的行驶方向、放电持续时间和/或量、和/或关于符合所述请求的财政激励。
多个MER的参与者可以包括那些接收到功率注入请求和信号或表明他们将遵照功率注入请求的那些MER。参与的MER可以表示或表明他们将以任何适当方式遵照功率注入请求。例如，参与的MER可以发送表示它们将按照所请求的持续时间和/或以所请求的量来行进到指示的连接站点并注入功率到电力系统中的许可信号。在一些实例中，参与的MER可以表示或以其他方式表明，他们将通过行进到所指示的连接站点并注入功率到电力系统中来遵照注入功率请求。
图3的方法60的非排他性示例性的实例可以关于图1、2和4中所示的电力系统10进行讨论。如上文关于图2的讨论，常闭开关18、20被打开以隔离故障48，这导致创建了停电区域52。要恢复对停电区域52中的负载的服务，恢复路径54可以针对停电区域52被识别，其中源16被识别为恢复源。但是，源16的容量裕度可能不足以单独向除了沿恢复路径54上的负载之外的停电区域52中的负载供电，。
如图4所示，连接站点36、38被电连接到设在、并可以是临近停电区域52和恢复路径54的其中相应一个。因此，连接站点36和38可以被选定来使用恢复路径54和源16作为恢复源，以支持向停电区域52恢复功率。
注入功率请求可以被发送到至少一些MER40，诸如被识别为或者确定为，临近所述连接站点36、38中的至少一个的MER的子集。功率注入请求可以指示MER行进到连接站点36、38其中一个并且注入功率到电力系统10中，诸如通过对它们的电池放电至少一段指定的持续时间。在关于MER的位置信息可用的实例中，诸如通过针对MER的全球定位系统(GPS)坐标的方式，MER可以被指示以行进到连接站点36、38中最近的一个。因此，例如，MER72、74、76的至少一些可能接收到功率注入请求，请求它们行进到连接站点36，而MER78、80、82的至少一些可能接收到功率注入请求，请求它们行进到连接站点38。
如图4中所建议的，MER72、74、78、80可能已经许可所接收的功率注入请求和传送功率注入许可，这可能是由电力系统的控制系统或运行人员来接收。如果从所接收到的功率注入许可确定的来自参与的MER72、74、78、80的注入功率的幅度和/或持续时间，与恢复源16的容量相结合，足以允许通过恢复路径54向停电区域52恢复功率，诸如沿恢复路径很少或没有超出装备额定限制，电力系统的控制系统或运行人员可以计划或准备实施或继续实施恢复路径54。特别是电力系统的控制系统或运行人员可关闭常开的联络开关22来实施恢复路径54时，当参与的MER72、74连接到连接站点36，参与的MER78、80连接到该连接站点38，并且参与的MER72、74、78、80被配置为将功率注入到电力系统10中，如图4中的箭头83所提示的。在其中参与MER72、74、78、80是电动车辆的实施例中，它们可以被配置成通过在连接站点36、38对它们的电池放电来将功率注入到电力系统10中。
MER76、82可能已经拒绝接受功率注入请求或可能尚未接收到功率注入请求。例如，MER76、82可以被识别为不足够临近连接站点36、38中的至少一个，使得功率注入请求没有被发送到MER76、82。
在故障之前就被连接到连接站点36、38并从该连接站点36、38接收功率的MER42、44，可以继续或重新开始从连接站点36、38接收功率，如图4中的箭头85所提示的。然而，在一些实例中，无论是MER42、44中的任一个或两者，如果能够，可以选择停止从连接站点36、38接收功率和/或选择将功率注入到电力系统10中。尤其是，MER42、44可以接收功率注入请求，并许可或拒绝许可该请求。
图3的方法60的另一个非排他性的示例性实例可以相对于图1、2和5中所示的电力系统10进行讨论。如上面关于图2的讨论，常闭开关18、20被打开以隔离故障48，这导致创建了停电区域52。在一些实例中，恢复到停电区域52的至少一些负载的服务，而无需使用源16，是可能的和/或所期望，诸如当源16作为恢复源不可用时。
如图5所示，连接站点36被电连接到停电区域52并位于其内。因此，连接站点36可以被识别为恢复源以使用在停电区域52内被识别和被电连接到所述连接站点36的恢复路径54来恢复到停电区域52中的至少一些负载。
注入功率请求可以被发送到MER40中的至少一些。在关于MER的位置信息可用的实例中，功率注入请求可以被发送到被识别为或者确定为临近的连接站点36的MER的子集，这可以包括MER72、74、76，功率注入请求可以指示至少一些MER72、74、76行进到连接站点36并注入功率到电力系统10中，诸如通过对它们的电池放电至少指定的一段持续时间。
如图5所提示的，MER72、74可能已经许可所接收的功率注入请求并传送功率注入许可，这可能是由电力系统的控制系统或运行人员来接收。如果来自参与的MER72、74的可用注入功率的幅度和/或持续时间，如可以从所接收到的功率注入许可所确定的，足以通过恢复路径54的方式允许恢复到停电区域52的功率，电力系统的控制系统或运行人员可以计划或准备执行或继续执行恢复路径54的实施。尤其是，当参与的MER72、74连接到连接站点36，并且被配置为将功率注入到电力系统10中时，如图5中的箭头83所提示的，电力系统的控制系统或运行人员可以执行恢复路径54。在其中参与MER72、74是电动车辆的实例中，它们可以被配置成通过在连接站点36处对它们的电池放电来将功率注入到电力系统10中。
MER76可能已经拒绝许可电力注入请求或者可能没有接收到的功率注入请求。例如，MER76可能已经被识别为不足够临近连接站点36，使得功率注入请求没有被发送到MER76。
在故障之前连接到连接站点36并从其接收功率的MER42，可以继续或重新开始从连接站点36接收功率，如图5中的箭头85所提示的。然而，在一些实例中，如果能够，MER42可以选择停止从连接站点36接收功率和/或选择将功率注入到电力系统10中。尤其是，MER42可以接收功率注入请求，并许可或拒绝接受该请求。
用于恢复电力系统内的服务的系统的非排他性的示例性实例概括地示于图6中的90。除另有规定外，系统90可以(但不要求)包含本文所描述、示出、和/或并入的结构、部件、功能、和/或变化形式中的至少一个。在图示的实例中，系统90包括处理器92和计算机可读存储介质94，其可以具有嵌入其上的多个机器可读指令96和被配置为由所述处理器执行诸如本文所公开的方法。
如图6所示，系统90可以通过合适的通信链路或路径100(可以是有线或无线的方式)被链接或连接到电力系统98。系统90可以通过识别恢复源104和并且执行一个或多个切换动作，以实现恢复源104和停电区域102之间的恢复路径106来恢复到电力系统98内的停电区域102的服务。
该系统90可以是通过适当的通信链路或路径110(诸如无线或其他链路的方式)能够与至少一个MER108通信，或以其他方式连接所述至少一个MER108。功率注入请求可以从系统90发送至MER108并且/或者功率注入许可可以从MER108发送，并且通过通信路径110的方式由系统90接收。
MER108(诸如响应于通过所述通信路径110的方式从系统90发送的功率注入请求)可以行进到连接站点112，与连接站点相连接或接合，并通过连接站点112的方式将功率注入到电力系统98内。
用于恢复电力系统内的服务的方法的另一个非排他性的示例性实例由图7中流程图120所示。如图7所示，隔离电力系统中的故障之后，如框122所示，用于恢复电力系统内的服务的方法可以开始于识别至少一个恢复路径和至少一个恢复源，如框124所示。
如果可行的恢复路径和可行的恢复源存在，使得恢复是可能的，而不需要使用来自MER的能量，如框126所确定的，恢复开关动作可以被执行以恢复到停电区域的服务，而无需使用MER，如框128所指示的。然而，如果由于缺乏可行的恢复路径或可行的恢复源，不使用来自MER的能量的恢复是不可能的，如框126所确定的，可以识别和选择可替代的恢复路径，如方框130所指示的。在一些实例中，在框126处，恢复而不使用来自MER的能量可以被确定为不可能，这是由于缺乏具有足够容量裕度来支持恢复到停电区域的服务的源或恢复路径。
在方框130处所选定的可替代恢复路径可以是，例如相对紧密地匹配所需要的容量，并且具有至少一个电连接到其的MER连接站点的下一个可用的所识别的恢复路径。在一些实例中，连接矩阵方法可以被用于确定是否存在被电连接到潜在的恢复路径的MER连接站点。
电连接到可替代的恢复路径和/或停电区域电路的MER连接站点可以被识别和选定，如框132所示。在选定可替代的恢复路径之后，至少一些MER连接站点可以被识别和选定，并且/或者在选定可替代的恢复路径之前，至少一些MER连接站点可以被识别和选定，诸如其中当选定可替代的恢复路径时，MER连接站点的可用性，或缺乏可用性，可以被考虑。例如，通过使用连接矩阵，可以识别电连接的MER连接站点。
MER连接站点可以使用任何合适的准则来选定。例如，MER连接站点可以基于从潜在的或所选定的恢复路径的距离和/或从停电区域的距离，它们的容量，它们的电流负载等来选定。
在MER连接站点的可接受距离内的MER可以被识别或以其他方式被确定，如框134所指示。在一些实例中，当MER是在预定的地理上接近至少一个所识别的MER连接站点时，MER可以被识别为在MER连接站点可接受的距离内。在一些实例中，预定义的地理上的接近可通过基于诸如从MER的当前位置到MER连接站点中的至少一个的预期行程或行驶距离和/或时间的因素由系统运行人员来来定义。
如果从MER连接站点可接受的距离之内有足够的经识别的MER，功率注入请求可以被发送到经识别的MER，如框136所指示的。从MER连接站点可接受的距离之内是否有足够的经识别的MER可以基于以下因素来确定，诸如来自MER的总预期或投射的可用功率注入，预期或投射的放电请求许可率，针对至少一些MER的预期或投射的调度容量，一个或多个裕度或安全因素，任何其它合适的因素，或其它因素的任何合适的组合，或其他因素。如本文所用，“调度容量”指的是MER提供功率响应或注入的能力，并且可以对应于从特定的MER可用功率响应或注入的幅度和/或持续时间。例如，当MER是电动车辆，调度容量可以指从电动车辆的可用的放电速率和/或持续时间可，其可以是车辆的当前充电状态的函数。
电源注入请求可以包含或包括针对MER的特定的所分派的连接站点或从其中做出选择的可能的连接站点列表，功率注入开始时间，以及和功率注入持续时间。在一些实例中，功率注入请求可以包括有关针对许可功率注入请求可用的财政激励和/或针对有合同责任的功率注入请求的不许可而合同约定判处某些MER的经济处罚的细节。
在一些实例中，功率注入开始时间可以基于，例如，从MER的当前位置到所分派的连接站点或所列出的可能的连接站点的平均距离和/或预期行程时间来计算或以其它方式来确定。当MER是电动车时，功率注入开始时间可以基于到所分派的充电站或所列出的可能的充电站的行驶距离和/或预期的行驶时间来计算或以其他方式来确定。
在一些实例中，功率注入持续时间可以基于预测的停电时间来估计，这可能是预测的故障修理时间的函数。
确认或许可信号可以从参与的MER接收，如框138所示。在一些实例中，该系统或系统运行人员可以等待或认为在继续进行之前预定时间段期间所接收到的确认或许可信号。尤其是，确认或许可信号可以在预定时间段期间及时被考虑，并基于其采取行动。
基于接收到的功率请求的许可信号，可以确定所接收的信号是否指示有足够的MER参与者来支持恢复到停电区域的功率，如框140所示。尤其是，可以确定来自多个MER参与者的可用的功率注入。如果可用功率注入足以允许恢复服务停电区域时，恢复路径可以被实现，例如通过执行至少一个开关动作，使用从MER注入的功率来恢复服务停电区域，如框142所指示的，其可以在某些实例中，完成电源恢复。
在一些实例中，可用功率注入可能足以允许恢复服务停电区域的至少一部分。在这种实例中，恢复路径可以被实现，例如通过执行合适的开关动作，将服务恢复到停电区域的部分。
当可用功率注入具有的幅度比为停电区域的至少一些负载供电所需要的大至少预定的裕度时，可用功率注入可以被确定为足以允许恢复服务停电区域。例如，当可用功率注入具有的幅度比为停电区域的一部分的所有的负荷供电所需要的大至少预定的裕度时，可用功率注入可以是足以允许恢复服务停电区域的所述部分。在一些实例中，当可用功率注入具有的幅度比为停电区域中的所有负载供电所需要的大至少预定的裕度时，可用功率注入可以是足够允许恢复整个停电区域的服务。
超过所需的功率注入的预定裕度可被用来负责MER的一般流动性，尤其是电动车辆，以及该MER可能无法在所要求的功率注入开始时间到达指定连接站点或可能不会在所要求的功率注入持续时间保持在连接站点的可能性。在一些实例中，该预定裕度可以由系统或系统运行人员设置或定义为负责以下这些可能性，诸如通过要求进行所期望的恢复所要求的功率注入的一定百分比的可用功率注入。合适的裕度的非排他性示例性实例可以包括可用功率注入为完成所期望的恢复所要求的功率注入的101％、105％、110％、125％、150％、甚至200％或更多。在一些实例中，恢复源可以调整其输出，诸如以确保恢复期间中可用功率供应不超过需求，例如基于接收到的许可信号，来自MER的功率注入比预期的大。
如果在框140处，可用功率注入被确定为不足以允许恢复服务停电区域，可以确定可替代的恢复路径的可用性，如框144所示。如果有可替代的恢复路径，例如那些尚未被分析的恢复路径，该方法可以返回到框130，并考虑选定另一可替代的恢复路径。
如果不存在供考虑的可用剩余可替代的恢复，针对MER考虑的可接受距离可以增大，如框146所示。因此，例如，如果来自多个初始的可接受的距离内的所确定的可用MER的功率注入不足以允许恢复服务停电区域，例如，当可用功率注入具有的幅度比为停电区域的负荷供电所需要的小至少预定的裕度时，针对MER考虑的可接受距离可以增大，并且临近所述连接站点的第二多个移动能源资源可被识别，如框134所示，并且注入功率请求可以被发送到所述第二多个移动能源资源，如框136所示。鉴于MER的流动性质，应该理解的是，临近连接站点的第二多个移动能源资源可以是不包括被识别为初始可接受距离内的多个移动能源资源，或者可以包括所识别为初始可接受距离内的多个移动能源资源中的至少一些。
如可以理解的，增加可接受的距离，可能会导致更大数量的以提供功率注入的可用MER。然而，到连接站点的行程时间可能比新识别的MER中的一些更长。因此，连接站点和MER之间的可接受距离的不断增加可能需要对超过所需要的功率注入的预定裕度作出调整，或增加超过所需要的功率注入的预定裕度。
从第二多个MER的参与者接收确认或许可信号之后，可以针对第二多个移动能源资源的参与者来确定第二可用功率注入。如果第二可用功率注入足以允许恢复服务停电区域，例如超过至少预定裕度，可以实现恢复路径。如果第二可用功率注入不足以允许恢复服务停电区域，例如超过至少预定裕度，进一步可以考虑可替代的恢复路径或增加可接受的距离，或可以提供指示，即使用MER的服务恢复针对停电区域的至少一部分可能不可用。
如可以理解的，将MER整合到电力系统服务恢复方案可以允许恢复停电区域内更多负载的供电和/或减少在恢复服务停电区域期间变电容量和/或其他设备的额定限制越限的可能性。例如，MER的列入可能允许恢复停电区域中的负载的供电，即使在可用的恢复源和/或变电站缺乏执行恢复所需的容量裕度。此外，使用MER作为用于恢复电力系统内服务的方法的一部分，可以允许停电区域内的某些负载(诸如更关键的负载)的选择性恢复，这可以减少停电时间，提高服务质量，和/或提高电力系统可靠性水平。在一些实例中，使用MER可以支持或允许动态调整服务恢复，这可以是基于在停电期间的各种间隔(诸如当修理故障时)之上的MER可用性和/或负荷预测的变化。
在一些实例中，本文公开的方法和系统可被合并入FDIR算法、方法或系统，其可以被用于电力配电系统或网络。该FDIR算法、方法或系统可被使用在各种架构，诸如基于配电管理系统(基于DMS)，基于变电站和/或基于端对端。在基于DMS的架构，FDIR算法可以应用在配电系统的控制中心。在基于变电站的架构，FDIR算法可以应用在变电站级，例如在变电站计算机上。在基于端对端的架构中，FDIR算法可以采用端对端(P2P)的方式被应用，其中不同的智能电子设备(IED)彼此通信以实行或执行FDIR算法。
FDIR算法可以考虑或使用有关MER位置，MER连接站点的位置和到恢复路径的MER连接站点的电气连接的信息。如果网络模型是可用的，诸如在基于DMS的解决方案中，来自地理信息系统(GIS)的网络模型和信息可被用来提取该信息。当完整的网络模型不可用，诸如对于基于变电站或基于P2P架构，简化的连接模型可被用于确定连接站点的位置和到网络的连接。在这样的实例中，可在FDIR引擎处接收MER的GPS坐标并与连接站点的位置相比较，以确定哪些MER是临近连接站点的。
所公开的方法和系统可以实现为先前描述的方法和系统或利用先前描述的方法和系统的形式，以及利用具有其上存储了多个机器或计算机可读指令的暂时的或者非暂时性计算机可读介质的形式，当由计算机处理器执行时，执行所公开的系统的操作和/或执行所公开的方法。该计算机可读介质可以是能够包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序指令以用于或结合指令执行系统、装置或设备的任何介质，并且可以通过举例的方式但不限于，是电、磁、光、电磁、红外或半导体系统、装置、设备或传播介质或其上记录程序的其他合适的介质。计算机可读介质的更具体的实例(非穷尽列表)可以包括：便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编程只读只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、光纤、便携式光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、光存储设备、诸如那些支持因特网或内联网的传输介质、或磁存储设备。用于执行所公开的方法和系统的操作的计算机程序代码或指令可以用任何适当的编程语言，只要它允许实现先前所描述的技术的结果。该指令可以被配置为执行在具有足够的处理能力和获得所需要的数据的任何设备上。
如本文所用的术语“配置”应该被解释为是指所识别的元件、部件或其他主题被选定、创建、实施、利用、设计、修改、调整和/或意在执行指示的动作和/或来执行、操作、行为和/或以指示的方式进行反应。
认为本文所阐述的本公开涵盖多个具有独立的效用的不同发明。虽然这些发明已经以其优选的形式被公开，由于许多变化都是可能的，其作为本文所公开和描述的具体实施例并不具有限制意义。。本公开的主题包括所有新颖的，以及本文所公开的各种元素、特征、功能和/或属性的非显而易见的组合和子组合。同样，记载在本公开和/或权利要求中的“一个”或“第一”元件，或其等同物，应当理解为包括一个或多个这样的元件的合并，既不要求也不排除两个或更多个这样的元件的合并。
认为下述权利要求特别指出的所公开的发明之一的某些组合和子组合，是新颖的和非显而易见的。特征、功能、元件和/或其他性质的其他组合和子组合中所体现的发明可以通过当前权利要求书的修改或本申请或相关申请中的新权利要求书的呈现而请求权利。这样的修改或新的权利要求书，无论它们涉及不同的发明或涉及同样的发明，无论是比原始权利要求的范围不同的，更宽的，更窄的或相等的，都被视为包括在本公开的发明主题之内。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于恢复在电力系统内服务的方法，所述方法包括：
识别针对在所述电力系统内的停电区域的恢复路径；
选择电连接到所述恢复路径和所述停电区域中的至少一个的移动能源资源连接站点；
发送功率注入请求到多个移动能源资源，所述移动能源资源中的至少一些是邻近所述连接站点，所述功率注入请求包括请求邻近所述连接站点的所述移动能源资源行进到所述连接站点；
接收来自所述多个移动能源资源中的参与的移动能源资源的功率注入许可；以及
实施所述恢复路径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述功率注入请求指引所述移动能源资源在所述连接站点处注入功率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中实施所述恢复路径包括执行至少一个开关动作。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括：
确定来自所述多个移动能源资源中的所述参与的移动能源资源的可用功率注入；以及
当所述可用功率注入足以允许恢复到所述停电区域的至少部分的服务时，实施所述恢复路径。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中当所述可用功率注入具有的幅度比为所述停电区域中的至少一些负载供电所需的大至少预定裕度时，所述可用功率注入足以允许恢复到所述停电区域的所述部分的服务。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述多个移动能源资源为第一多个移动能源资源，所述可用功率注入为第一可用功率注入，并且所述方法包括：
当所述第一可用功率注入不足以允许恢复到所述停电区域的所述部分的服务时，发送功率注入请求到临近所述连接站点的第二多个移动能源资源；
接收来自所述第二多个移动能源资源的参与的移动能源资源的功率注入许可；
确定来自所述第一多个移动能源资源和所述第二多个移动能源资源的参与的移动能源资源的第二可用功率注入；以及
当所述第二可用功率注入足以允许恢复到所述停电区域的所述部分的服务时，实施所述恢复路径。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多个移动能源资源是车辆，所述车辆包括电能量源，并且所述连接站点被配置为选择性地与所述电能量源交换功率。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述多个移动能源资源中的至少一些是插电式电动车辆，并且所述连接站点被配置为与所述插电式电动车辆一起使用的充电站。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括：
隔离所述电力系统中的故障并且创建所述停电区域；以及
识别针对所述停电区域的恢复源。
10.一种用于恢复电力系统内的服务的方法，所述方法包括：
识别针对所述电力系统内的停电区域的恢复路径；
选择电连接到所述恢复路径和所述停电区域中的至少一个的电动车辆充电站；
发送放电请求到多个电动车辆，所述电动车辆中的至少一些是邻近所述充电站，所述放电请求包括请求邻近所述充电站的所述多个电动车辆行进到所述充电站；
接收来自所述多个电动车辆中的参与的电动车辆的放电许可；以及
实施所述恢复路径。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，包括识别所述多个电动车辆为临近所述充电站。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述放电请求包括行进到所述充电站并将功率注入到所述电力系统的指示。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法，包括：
确定来自所述多个电动车辆中的所述参与的电动车辆的可用功率注入；以及
当所述可用功率注入足以允许恢复所述停电区域的至少部分的服务时，执行至少一个开关动作以实现所述恢复路径。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述停电区域的所述部分包括至少一个负载，并且当所述可用功率注入具有的幅度比为所述至少一个负载供电所需的大至少预定裕度时，所述可用功率注入足以允许恢复所述停电区域的至少所述部分的服务。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述多个电动车辆是第一多个电动车辆，所述可用功率注入是第一可用功率注入，并且所述方法包括：
当所述第一可用功率注入不足以允许恢复所述停电区域的至少所述部分的服务时，识别临近所述充电站的第二多个电动车辆；
发送放电请求到所述第二多个电动车辆；
接收来自所述第二多个电动车辆的参与的电动车辆的放电许可；
确定来自所述第一多个电动车辆和所述第二多个电动车辆中的参与的电动车辆的第二可用功率注入；以及
当所述第二可用功率注入足以允许恢复所述停电区域的至少所述部分的服务时，实施恢复路径。
16.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述多个电动车辆的至少一些是插电式电动车辆，并且所述充电站被配置为选择性地从所述插电式电动车辆接收功率。
17.根据权利要求10所述的方法，包括：
通过在所述电力系统中隔离故障来产生所述停电区域；以及
识别针对所述停电区域的恢复源。
18.一种用于恢复电力系统内的服务的系统，所述系统包括：
用于识别针对所述电力系统内的停电区域的恢复路径的装置；
用于选择至少一个电动车辆充电站的装置，其中选择的所述电动车辆充电站电连接到所述恢复路径和所述停电区域中的至少一个；
用于发送功率注入请求到多个电动车辆的装置，所述电动车辆的至少一些临近所述充电站，所述功率注入请求包括请求邻近所述充电站的所述电动车辆移动到所述充电站，并且经由所述充电站注入功率；
用于接收来自所述多个电动车辆的参与的电动车辆功率注入许可的装置；以及
用于实施恢复路径的装置。
19.根据权利要求18所述的系统，其中所述停电区域包括至少一个负载，并且所述系统还包括：
用于确定来自所述多个电动车辆的所述参与的电动车辆的可用功率注入的装置；以及
用于当所述可用功率注入具有的幅度比为所述停电区域中的所述至少一个负载供电所需的大至少预定裕度时、实施所述恢复路径的装置。
20.根据权利要求19所述的系统，其中所述多个电动车辆是第一多个电动车辆，所述可用功率注入是第一可用功率注入，并且所述系统还包括：
用于当所述第一可用功率注入具有的幅度比为所述停电区域中的所述至少一个负载供电所需的小至少预定裕度时、识别临近所述充电站的第二多个电动车辆的装置；
用于发送功率注入请求到所述第二多个电动车辆的装置；
用于接收来自所述第二多个电动车辆中的参与的电动车辆的功率注入许可的装置；
用于确定来自所述第一多个电动车辆和所述第二多个电动车辆中的参与的电动车辆的第二可用功率注入的装置；以及
用于当所述第二可用功率注入具有的幅度比为所述停电区域中的所述至少一个负载供电所需的大至少所述预定裕度时、实施所述恢复路径的装置。
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EP2774010A4 (en) 2015-07-08
WO2013066501A1 (en) 2013-05-10
US20140285154A1 (en) 2014-09-25
US9698616B2 (en) 2017-07-04
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