CN103946455A - Plant for storage and unloading hydrocarbon and also a method thereof - Google Patents
Plant for storage and unloading hydrocarbon and also a method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103946455A CN103946455A CN201280042701.0A CN201280042701A CN103946455A CN 103946455 A CN103946455 A CN 103946455A CN 201280042701 A CN201280042701 A CN 201280042701A CN 103946455 A CN103946455 A CN 103946455A
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 50
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001503485 Mammuthus Species 0.000 description 1
- RAFZYSUICBQABU-HMMYKYKNSA-N Phytal Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCC\C(C)=C\C=O RAFZYSUICBQABU-HMMYKYKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAFZYSUICBQABU-QYLFUYDXSA-N Phytal Natural products CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC\C(C)=C/C=O RAFZYSUICBQABU-QYLFUYDXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- RAFZYSUICBQABU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phytenal Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)=CC=O RAFZYSUICBQABU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/068—Landing stages for vessels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/78—Large containers for use in or under water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Float Valves (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
This publication discloses a harbour plant (10) for storage, loading and unloading of hydrocarbon products at sea, comprising a number of units (9) being mutually placed on the seabed so that a harbour plant is formed. The units (9) are placed independently at a given distance apart in sideways direction and having a front surface along which a vessel is intended to be moored, forming passage(s) for parts of the waves, and being configured to dampen a part of the incoming waves while allowing other parts of the waves and current to pass through the harbour plant. The sideways distances between two neighbouring units (9) is governed by the frequency of the waves to be dampened and the frequencies of the waves allowed to pass in between the units (9). The front surface of one of the units (9) is offset with a distance relative to the front surfaces of two neighbouring in a traverse direction away from said incoming waves, and/or that the units are configured in such way that the width of the passage between two neighbouring units increases or decreases in direction of the wave motion.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to transport oil gas at sea, more specifically, relate to the device illustrating as in the preamble of independent claims.
In more detail, the present invention relates to have on the bank with a certain distance from phytal zone part storage and loading or unloading as installation and the operation of the harbour facility of the oil gas of liquefied natural gas, wherein optionally build for the storage device of liquefied natural gas or the levitating device of using as mooring on the coast.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of at sea storage, loading and unloading oil gas product harbour facility, described harbour facility comprises a plurality of unit that are alternately placed on sea bed, with the harbour facility forming.Be intended to unit to settle independently, each unit be on lateral, be separated by given distance D spaced relationship and there is front surface, along with against front surface, be intended to mooring ship.And, the passage of unit forming section wave, with the wave that is configured for a decay part and enters, allow wave and the current of other parts to pass through harbour facility, the lateral distance in the wave frequencies being attenuated and between two adjacent cells of wave frequencies control that are allowed to passing through between unit simultaneously.
The invention still further relates to a kind of for setting up the method for the mooring configuration of ship; utilize memory cell as mooring base; meet the international requirement that is stated from international convention; as mooring facilities is intended to be placed on coastal or coastal waters website; determine that the size of anchoring system is to resist mooring force, and meet the regulation of all other international mooring regulations.
Next, the unified LNG of appointment (liquefied natural gas) is for being cooled to liquid natural gas.Conventionally methane is cooled to approximately subzero 161 degrees Celsius, but the present invention also applicable to the oil gas product of other type, as ethane, methane, the refrigerating gas that propane and butane are such.In addition, the present invention can be used to storage, loading and unloading oil and oil product.
Background technology
Harbour website for LNG or mammoth tanker is considered to breakneck.Therefore, be unfavorable for website to be placed near population aggravation's area.Meanwhile, maximum LNG customer is but positioned at densely populated country.Therefore a lot of proposed solutions are that LNG storage device is placed in to sea.
And, transport LNG, conventionally use good insulation and flexible articulated jib or flexible pipe.In fact flexible pipe is conventionally very hard and very not soft.Articulated jib conventionally only in one plane moves and does not tolerate shifted laterally.During requiring loading and unloading, LNG ship must be leeward to accumbency by correct mooring in shielded harbour.
The harbour website loading for marine LNG previously having proposed or floating or be positioned in marine bottom.The problem that floating website has be jointly between ship and storage device, transport LNG be occur in two floating movably between main body.If loaded together abreast, this dynamically to equipment and the higher requirement of safety proposition.
Possibility is to transport a LNG between the head of two floating main bodys and afterbody, but this oil loading operation than corresponding prior art is obviously more difficult, and the method proposes high requirement to equipment.In addition, if these ships are allowed to rotation, the storage ship of LNG must be equipped with the complicated rotary system under water for LNG.
In order to reduce to be associated with the dynamic problem of floating main body during loading operation, have been proposed in larger rectangular steel pipe or the concrete structure of installation on sea bed, as artificial harbour, wherein continuous steel pipe or concrete wall are intended to form and keep out the wave entering.The typical depth of water proposing is 8 to 30 meters.Such macrostructure is intended to set up and simultaneously as the mole of the LNG ship in loading and unloading operating periods away from population aggravation's area.
By the leeward side that ship is constructed in harbour, move and can reduce this problem, but calculating and basin test show, when importing wave into and surging from disadvantageous especially angle in during one, if obtain obvious shielding action, must the continuous barrier body of harbour formation of structure be built very large-scalely.This is due to the effect of knowing, and ocean wave can buckle in the surrounding of this structure both sides, and occurs focus on the certain distance after the leeward side meeting with crooked wave.In this focus, wave height can be in fact higher than importing ripple into.
The large-scale harbour structure that is positioned in marine bottom can be used as the shield of wave, so its cost is very high.Be proposed during loading operation by concrete constructions the multi-form ship shielding wave that can be for the harbour website of these types of LNG.For example, a kind of structure form that will build being proposed is horseshoe-shaped and by LNG ship load/unload within it.This will reduce dynamically significantly, but this harbour website is even higher than the cost of the website of rectangular shape.
NO126927 has described a kind of harbour website, comprises a plurality of unit floating and that sink, and builds for moving on sea bed.The movably breaker member that unit comprises substrate, bearing structure and can be moved as required.
US3,958,426 have described a kind of harbour website, comprise and are separated a plurality of unit that are placed on sea bed, to form at least one straight mooring place.This unit is provided with protected apron and wave attenuation device.
Applicant's oneself open WO2006/041312 disclosed a kind of for storage at sea, loading and unloading are as the harbour facility of the oil gas of LNG, by reference to comprise its full content in herein.This harbour comprises by three unit of steel or concrete constructions, is positioned on sea bed.Unit is in series settled by lateral relationships.Configuration harbour is with decay wave, and ship is intended to be stopped at mooring leeward side.
US2004/0011424 has disclosed a kind of unit for transporting fluid between supporting body and harbour facility, and harbour facility comprises a plurality of intervals stacking structure as the strong point in anchoring system.More specifically, the disclosure relates to fluid delivery system, as the fluid delivery system that comprises og lined steel pipe and articulated joint.Yet, be understandable that the disclosure has also indicated a kind of anchoring system.According to disclosed harbour facility, it has disclosed the ship id on the leeward side that is moored in harbour facility.
Yet, calculate and basin is tested and shown, if be moored on the leeward side of rectangle harbour website of these types, LNG supporting body is in fact exposed in the motion of increase.This exposure is due to by from harbour wall reflection and by by surging and wave of catching between the structure of LNG ship and harbour.In some cases, this may cause the standing wave form between harbour wall and LNG ship, and it may increase the movement of ship.
Therefore, need a kind of mooring environment harbour facility providing, wherein ship is stopped and wherein because the ship of marine environment moves, is excluded at leeward side, or reduces at least widely, thereby safe as far as possible mooring is provided and loads environment.And, and, the wave and reducing by the wave on mooring ship and flow action of need to decaying as much as possible.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved harbour facility with combined and integrated memory cell, and a kind of for setting up the improved method of this harbour facility, take during offshore loading and unloading are as the oil gas of LNG as ship provides safety.
Further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved harbour facility, it has been optimized for for example transporting the mooring environment of the large vessel of LNG, eliminate or at least reduced the effect of wind, wave and current on mooring ship, be therefore also provided for the wind shield of mooring ship.
Still further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved harbour facility, and it meets for the criterion of mooring large vessel and international standard, has therefore met relevant demand and standard.With reference to following relevant criterion, its content is passed with reference to comprising:
-BS6349-harbour device
-OCIMF-mooring arrangement guide (2008)
-SIGGTO-Choice and design is for the website (1997) of port and the harbour of going on board
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved harbour facility and with protection member associated with it, impact and shock that protection mooring ship is not subject to not have more or less the drift ship of navigability to cause.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved harbour facility, allows a part of wave accessible passing through more or less, and the wave of the remainder of having decayed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved marine harbour website that is positioned at bottom, its can be directly at ship and harbour site stores, loading and unloading LNG, wherein in simple and cost-efficient mode, reduce the mobile effect of ship.
The present invention also provides a kind of improved marine harbour website soft and that be positioned at bottom for LNG, it can be used as several small units and build, wherein unit can be lowered on indivedual sea beds, because gravity stops, so that all unit are finally formed in the direction of requirement, the harbour website with mooring point on several different directions alternatively.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved harbour website, wherein wave attenuation is suitable for midband frequency most, for example, the frequency of wave up to 8 to 10 seconds, it is steerable wherein may requiring ship.
And, the object of the invention is, in this finite time, as found, on harbour, manage a boat very difficult, maximum wave by the extreme weather environment of the high ripple hurricane by harbour website, reduce significantly these extreme environments and be applied to the role and influence on the website of harbour, wherein extreme energy is by harbour website.
Still another object of the present invention be can with reasonable prices effectively and as far as possible intactly on traditional construction website, preferably with dry dock, on dock, build the unit of each harbour website.
Therefore, the finishing process of afloat costliness will be minimized.After last fitting-out on building website, unit is brought to or is drawn to installation site, finally uses known technology to sink.
Further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved harbour website, can be placed in marine bottom by precalculated, relevant distance, it has maximized wave attenuation effect, given possible best wave attenuation effect with the unit with given shape, so that the load/unload operating period of LNG ship on the website of harbour has favourable movement.
And, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of harbour facility, can be between ship and tie-out mooring hawser, with at least 2 degree, preferably guide downwards towards harbour facility from ship compared with the angle of wide-angle according to the world is overproof.Be understandable that, mooring point is placed in adjacent place, but on sea, and then also allow less ship be moored on facility and still keep the described downward guiding to mooring cable or cable.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of harbour facility for mooring ship shielding wind-force, and wind-force is that the wind of blowing from any direction causes, but conventionally identical with the direction of importing wave into.
By further realizing object of the present invention by the defined improved harbour of independent claims facility and the method for setting up this harbour facility.By appended claims, define embodiments of the invention, optional form and version.
According to the present invention, the front surface of one of them unit is importing offset distance Z in the direction that ripple principal direction is contrary with respect to the front surface of two adjacent unit into described, and R be in distance 0 to the distance in the scope of Z, wherein Z is the length of off center unit.
Apart from Z, can preferably equal by the maximum ship length of the longitudinal side-line pool along off-centring unit.
In the channel width mode in wave motion direction increasing or reduce between two adjacent unit, configure described unit.
The offset distance of described unit is preferably in the scope of 2 to 60 meters, and the footprint region of the unit being shifted is trapezoidal, and wherein parallel side surface is perpendicular to the principal direction of wave.And, in this mode of channel width reducing between two adjacent cells that import in ripple direction, configure described unit.Equally, the footprint region of two adjacent unit preferably but be not necessarily trapezoidal.
According to an embodiment of the present, the minimum widith of described passage (Q) is corresponding to the wavelength of about 1/4-1/2 times that is required the wavelength of decay.
And the angle (α) between in two parallel sides of described unit and at least one unit inclined side is in the scope of 0 to 30 degree.Optionally, described angle (α) can be different from a sidewall of unit.
According to another embodiment of the present invention or version, the side offset distance between the distance between two adjacent cells and/or two unit preferably makes in passage, there is no visual opening, and perpendicular to the front surface of described unit.When unit is positioned in the depth of water of 18 meters, average lateral distance can be preferably about 20 meters upper and lower.
According to another kind of embodiment, lay described unit to form two or more mooring points, and wherein said mooring point forms each other as the angle of 90 degree.
This unit is provided with for the protection of unit and is not impacted and causes the member of damage; described member comprises from the outstanding parts in surface in the face of ship; described member also preferably by the anchor point of the ship of mooring, also preferably contributes to breaker effect as being intended to along harbour facility.Configure described impact protector member to extend through water line downwards when being placed in position.
The height of mooring platform should be placed on the lower but safe height on water line, so that the ship of flexibility for the difference size of mooring broad range to be provided.
According to the present invention, also provide for constructing and settle the method for harbour website.The method comprises the following steps:
Settle at least three unit, keep at a certain distance away and stand on their position, with at other wave during through harbour website, a harbour website decay part is imported ripple into,
One at least three unit is moved with respect to adjacent cells on lateral, and
According to the wave frequencies of hope decay and hope, by the frequency between unit, carry out the distance between computing unit.By following steps, determine the distance between described unit:
On the region requiring, within a period of time, measure wave height,
Calculate the statistical distribution of described wave spectrum,
With the normal distribution according to described wave spectrum, determine mean wave height, and
According to the distance between described mean wave height determining unit.
By the advantage of relative each other cell moving certain distance in the unit on the website of harbour according to the present invention, be, in the time will may causing the extreme strain of harbour website through the wave of harbour website, the desired part wave spectra of can decaying.Therefore, price that can be lower and more easily build to form the unit of harbour website, can reach simultaneously decay near the website of harbour or the relevant part wave spectra of the ship operating on the website of harbour.
Another advantage of the present invention is, by breaking and the negative function wave of effectively decaying, except other side, this is due to the reflection from a lot of walls and therefore it has avoided Wave energy to be deflected and to appear on other positions such as focus on website building site, harbour.
In addition, use that compared with junior unit, to build harbour website be wise and economical and particularly advantageous structure.Therefore, to a great extent, can be at this structure of traditional built on shipyards, several processing plants can be at war with for this reason.Danger is installed also much smaller.
Further advantage according to the present invention is, be configured for according to the present invention unit for the harbour website of LNG can be sunk to marine bottom, be removed, be moved and by shape for to utilize known technology to form desired new indivedual configurations.
The unit according to the present invention that forms harbour website is pressed desired apart from interval.By this distance between the wave frequencies that is intended to be attenuated and the wave frequencies determining unit that is allowed through the passage between unit.Available known method is calculated or is found this distance by basin method of testing.
By certain distance is removed in unit in two dypass and the main direction at wave, avoided the wave energy between harbour wall and ship's side to gather effect.More specifically, avoid or at least obviously reduced due in the vertical reflection between side and the standing wave forming between continuous structure and ship are leaned to one side.Therefore the harmful and extreme part of wave energy will be slided between unit.Because wave energy is by this way broken partly and passes through partly between unit, reach favourable elimination effect and therefore the wave energy in the near zone of harbour website and the unit providing has been provided.
By the distance between regulon, may reach the optimization of importing ripple frequency into that will be attenuated.This is by coming cell-wall and bottom in comfortable several directions to reach importing wave reflection into, realizes there and eliminates wave.In addition, produced corresponding to autotelic, the chaotic flow pattern roughly that disturb between unit, this removes energy from ship is moved to the wave weakening subsequently of response.
For longer wavelength, for example, higher than the surging of 15 to 16 second cycle, from the reflexion of wave of unit, will be less, and the energy in this part wave spectrum will pass through between unit.The wave with this wavelength is related with storm and hurricane conventionally, and because of wind, ship can not normally be operated so.Therefore ship cannot be moored on the website of harbour.
Because unit is provided with sharp edge by part, frictional force and wave attenuation therefore will be increased.In the wave spectrum of certain part, provide nonlinear attenuation, therefore removed the energy that affects ship.
The favourable shape of unit is inflated the volume of unit under water surface, wherein can provide wave stow to break wave, sometimes also contributes to decaying wave wave and reduces the wave at the leeward side of harbour website.The wave period that depends on surrounding environment and will be attenuated, the formation of structure under water and shape can be to change.Favourable shape is the inclined surface corresponding to seabeach, the structure of building up by sharp edges, local hollow or the structure that is covered with hole etc.
Distance between unit on sea bed is by the wave spectrum by occurring on installation site with by selecting advantageously to cause the wave spectrum that will be attenuated of moving influence to determine to LNG ship.The calculating of the possible shape of harbour website illustrates, the square of unit or trapezoidal shape and between the depth of water place of 18 meters and the unit that there is no volume expansion under sea, have the spacing distance of 40 meters decay is less than to the long wave of 80 metric waves being positioned in.Meanwhile, calculate to illustrate and there is the long larger wave of 200 metric waves the energy with minimal losses is passed through.
Calculate and also show by expanding alternatively at undersea volume, it is possible from shorter and wave longer wavelength, catching and remove more multipotency.Therefore, for example, by increasing the degree of depth of from 5 to 10 meters, sink to the undersea unit volume of marine bottom, can reach the impact that further decay is moved ship in an advantageous manner.Volume and edge that the increase of this volume can be limited between unit are omitted by the mooring face of mooring LNG ship.The increase of volume can be combined with the unit that is fixed with good and solid foundation on sea bed.Yet, must so that wave is not reflected towards LNG ship, do not caused harmful and less desirable movement by dispensing unit.
For example, by the bilge keel corresponding to ship reach out to guide sharp edges also available buffer device divide wave spectrum.Naturally, these sharp edges may be guided in the space between unit rather than at LNG ship by mooring part.The a series of possible member with wave attenuation effect has been described, as there being space of hollow etc. in wall, ribbed arch herein.The invention provides and in very cost-effective mode, on the harbour website for LNG, guide the possibility of the member of these types.
By providing on sea bed, the harbour website that comprises several unit is neighboringly installed mutually, easily mooring and handle LNG ship along harbour website.If the windward side of LNG ship in harbour according to the present invention website, has avoided towards the reflection of the wave of ship and has produced disadvantageous standing wave at ship and harbour between the walls.
Alternatively, LNG ship can be moored according to the leeward side of harbour of the present invention website.In advance the subwave energy of estimation can be between unit by with these some wave energies of may decaying.The dangerous focus that is formed for wave at leeward side with the method has avoided the ship with favourable that wave energy at leeward side has caused reducing to move simultaneously.
By considering local wave spectrum, when the distance between unit is the best, simultaneously owing to the underwater structures of unit being configured for to the member of decaying wave energy, it is possible reaching obvious decay.
According to the particularly advantageous configuration of harbour of the present invention website, lay described unit, to form several moorings region and to make these mooring regions form each other for example certain angle of 90 degree.Adjusting angle and the known ripple direction navigating on the installation site of harbour website are possible.By can mooring LNG ship so that wave imports into along ship, the movement of ship conventionally, by rise and fall and the form of punching press, makes significantly to have reduced the ship midship of generation LNG loading and unloading part is being moved and dynamic force.
If needed, if wish to protect as much as possible harbour operation itself and by ship mooring therein wave be attenuated in the most shielded region on claimed range, also the harbour site configuration for LNG ship according to the present invention can be become to U-shaped or V-type.If the underwater portion of unit is formed conduct preferably at the wave snubber in adjacent cells direction, this is effective especially.
Form the unit of harbour website by being preferably provided a plurality of steel or the concrete retaining wall that is forced to sink to sea bed, contribute to be resisted against the rock-steady structure on sea bed.According to preferred embodiment, retaining wall has on horizontal plane with the cylinder form of circular section, is intended to be threaded in sea bed.Retaining wall by contribute to unit stability and can translation and vertically and the movement of level.
Alternatively, possibly use known technology that unit is positioned on sea bed, be placed in alternatively on the preassembled substrate being positioned on sea bed.
Will also be appreciated that the unit of given facility firmly highly, this is similarly by mooring ship windproof protection is provided.
According to an embodiment of the present, distance between skew central location and at least one adjacent unit should be Q rice, wherein Q should be in the scope from 0 meter to Z rice, and Z is preferably will be by the minimum 25% of the maximum length of the ship of the leeward side mooring along off center unit.By this size with use according to mooring of the present invention configuration, when standing wind from any direction, current or wave, prevented by mooring ship about off center unit pivotable.Because this Load System is based on rigid steel conduit and can pivot fitting, this is more specifically favourable to loading or unloading LNG.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reference to appended accompanying drawing, device according to the present invention can be explained in further detail in ensuing detailed description, wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically shows according to the top view of a kind of embodiment of harbour of the present invention website; Wherein three unit are spaced apart certain distance and are placed on sea bed, on a middle retracted position being positioned in about wave direction;
Fig. 2 schematically shows the top view corresponding to the second embodiment of the harbour website of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and the unit that still wherein forms harbour facility has trapezoidal footprint region;
Fig. 3 schematically shows the top view corresponding to the 3rd embodiment of the harbour website of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and the unit that wherein forms harbour facility is provided with the member of additional tie-out and/or breaker or decaying wave;
Fig. 4 schematically shows the sectional elevation that the line 4-4 along Fig. 3 at longitudinal direction of unit shown in Fig. 3 looks over;
Fig. 5 shows the lateral view of marine device, and wherein dispensing unit is to provide two moored position, and two moored position are placed each other angularly;
Fig. 6 schematically shows the lateral view that provides the unit of the buffer structure that opens ice at two opposite sides of unit;
Fig. 7 schematically shows according to the lateral view of facility of the present invention unit, and also schematically indication is moored in the ship on described unit, and this figure has indicated the direction of mooring hawser; With
Fig. 8 schematically shows the another kind configuration of the unit that forms facility.
The specific embodiment
It should be noted, in the detailed description of embodiment shown in the drawings, identical reference number is used to same or similar structure and feature below.
Fig. 1 schematically shows according to the top view of a kind of embodiment of harbour of the present invention website 10.Shown harbour website comprises three identical unit 11,11 ', is configured to due to gravity stably be retained on sea bed 12.Three unit 11,11 ' are spaced apart certain distance Q and are placed on sea bed 12, temporary location 11 ' is also positioned on the retracted position with respect to two other unit 11, have retraction distance R, temporary location 11 ' is retracted on the equidirectional as the main direction 13 of the cardinal principle of wave.As being shown in further Fig. 1, along temporary location 11 ' the mooring ship 14 on unit 11,11 ' leeward side.Be used to the anchoring system on unit 11,11 ' by ship 14 moorings and comprise one or more forward direction mooring cables 15, forward direction mooring cable 15 extends to the front mooring point 20 on the leeward angle of far-end of in unit 11 from the fore 16 of ship 14.Described one or more cable 15 has forward direction lead-in wire, on forward direction, forms angle of slope with the axis of ship 14.Similarly, one or more backward mooring cables 15 ' extend between the stern 17 of ship 14 and the rear mooring point 20 ' on the leeward angle of far-end at adjacent cells 11, form the backward direction guiding of ship 14, also to form angle of slope with the longitudinal direction of ship 14.And, anchoring system comprises that the bow region 16 from ship extends to the fore breast line mooring line 18 of adjacent cells 11, the direction of one or more cables is more or less perpendicular to before adjacent unit 11, fore breast line mooring line 18 be connected to adjacent cells 11 zone line on mooring point 19 on.Similarly, corresponding one or more quarter breast mooring lines 18 extend between the stern area 17 of adjacent cells 11 and rear mooring point 19 ', and cable direction is more or less perpendicular to the front side of adjacent cells 11.Anchoring system also comprises one or more one or more front spring mooring lines 21 that the mooring point 22 towards the place, the leeward angle of vicinity of the temporary location 11 ' being contracted extends from bow region 16, in the aft direction of ship, provide guiding, front spring mooring line 21 forms an acute angle in the backward directions of ship.Correspondingly one or more rear spring mooring lines 21 ' extend to the mooring point 22 ' on the leeward angle of vicinity of the temporary location 11 ' being contracted from the stern area 17 of ship, on forward direction, guide.
Unit 11 can be provided with the lip-deep cushion at collision 23 that is firmly fixed to unit 11, and purport is in the face of the ship 14 in moored position.It should be noted, accompanying drawing illustrates the sort buffer device 23 of two kinds of versions.This is described in more detail contact Fig. 4.Snubber 23 can be used as the reinforcement strong point of mooring point 19,20,22.
Be intended to be provided with strong snubber 24 in the face of the lip-deep temporary location 11 ' of the ship 14 in moored position, guarantee the distance D between the hull of ship 14 and the structural wall of temporary location 11 '.
Be understandable that, although disclosed in accompanying drawing and the temporary location 11 ' that imports primary waves direction into and be contracted in the same direction, temporary location 11 ' can be placed in the opposite direction, that is, and and towards the direction of primary waves direction.And, being understandable that, anchoring system can have the cable of another kind of configuration and/or another quantity etc.And each mooring point can be different and do not depart from design of the present invention.
Fig. 2 schematically shows corresponding to the top view of the second embodiment of harbour website 10 that is shown in the embodiment of Fig. 1, but wherein unit 11,11 ' forms the harbour facility 10 with trapezoidal footprint region.Mooring configuration and mooring point 19,19 ', 20,20 ', 22,22 ' comprise cushion at collision 24, corresponding to the embodiment being shown in Fig. 1.
Due to the unit 11,11 ' in trapezoidal footprint region, illustrated embodiment provides passage between contiguous unit, and passage has at the smaller opening of wave upstream (Q) and the opening that increases in the main direction of wave downstream.Yet, it should be understood that the relation of tight spacing is settled unit 11,11 ' more, leave sight line that reduce or in fact sightless in wave direction.Or, unit can be placed in a kind of configuration, wherein unit 11,11 ' trapezoidal shorter side are to wave.According to this embodiment, in the updrift side at the opening between adjacent unit 11,11 ' at wave, be maximum, opening narrows down leaving in the direction of wave direction.
Described trapezoidal shape can be equilateral, and the enforcement angle [alpha] forming between in front side and side equates.Or, in side one can form and front surface between angle beta, wherein β and α are unequal.
As be shown in the embodiment in Fig. 2, can be according to needed maximum breaker effect adjusting angle α and β.By the reflection being more transformed into of angle [alpha] and β and the variation of diffraction, changed the jamming pattern that approaches wave.The increase that this causes effectively reducing of wave height or causes breaker, thus the minimizing of the wave energy propagated caused.And the wave direction of propagating between unit will be modified, cause due to the effectively change in the region of " covering " of structure.Further, also can be identical object adjustable range Q and R.The adjusting of angle [alpha] and Q and R will increase or widen wave direction (wave protection angle) and give angle of reflection scope that port design is wide in range with formation attenuation.This distance and angle can be adjusted by main wave pattern and the direction of the maximum protection towards for harbour operation.
Fig. 3 schematically shows corresponding to the top view of the 3rd embodiment of harbour website 10 that is shown in the embodiment of Fig. 1, wherein unit 11,11 ' the harbour facility 10 forming are provided with additional mooring and/or breaker or decay member, and Fig. 4 schematically shows the sectional elevation that is shown in unit Fig. 3, that look over along the line 4-4 in Fig. 3 11,11 ' longitudinal direction.Again, identical with shown in Fig. 1 and 2 of mooring configuration, difference is the type of used cushion at collision.Fig. 4 has disclosed each snubber in more detail.Can use the snubber of two types.The snubber of one type of A is for to extend through the type of water line 25 downwards, and from unit, 11,11 ' sidewall and/or antetheca are outwards outstanding.Except as cushion at collision, also can the decay effect of wave and/or as mooring point 19,19 ', 20,20 ', 22,22 ' support portion of snubber A, B.Alternately or extraly, snubber can be on unit 11,11 ' antetheca and/or sidewall 11,11 ' the outside outstanding type from unit, and snubber (type B) ends on sea 25.The snubber of described type B also can be used to support mooring point 19,19 ', 20,20 ', 22,22 '.The snubber of type B ends on sea 25.
Same as indicated in Fig. 4, can be unit 11,11 ' for example storage tank of the hydrocarbon of LNG is provided.From security standpoint, only flank unit 11 can be provided with this tank.Be understandable that, anchoring system 10 according to the present invention also can be provided with as members such as Load System, overweight machines.
Fig. 5 shows marine device lateral view, and wherein dispensing unit 11,11 ', so that two moored position to be provided, is laid two moored position toward each other certain angle.If wish to protect as much as possible harbour operation itself and by ship mooring therein wave be attenuated in the region of better protection of expected degree, can as requested the harbour site configuration for LNG ship according to the present invention be become to U-shaped or V-type.If the underwater portion of unit is formed the preferably wave snubber in the direction towards adjacent cells of conduct, is effective especially.
Snubber A, B or unit 11,11 ' also can be provided with mooring protected apron, laying member by mooring, safely LNG ship 14 are moored to harbour website 10.The available known flexible material according to known technology is made protected apron.Yet, comprising this mooring layout not necessarily, alternative embodiment is from harbour website, itself to have certain distance and settle mooring gear.
Fig. 6 schematically shows the lateral view of mooring and memory cell 11, because himself weight remains on sea bed, and may be with the weight that adds loading and facility, equipment and storing fluid.As scheme indicatedly, and facility unit 11 is provided with the buffer structure 26 that opens ice, and it is placed on the region of water line 25 of two opposite sides of unit 11.The buffer structure 26 that opens ice can have inclination above and/or under surface, be configured for broken ice and may between the ice being broken and the vertical wall of unit 11, guarantee oblique impact.The free end of buffer structure 26 of opening ice can be positioned under sea a little.
And as indicated, unit 11 also can be provided with the storage tank of hydrocarbon, for example, for the insulation storage tank of LNG.
Shown unit be also provided be placed on the highest expection tidal height and the upper surface 27 of unit under mooring point 20, can be used in like this angle [alpha] of mooring hawser (not shown) ' negative lead-in wire between ship 14 and facility unit 11, extend.Be understandable that, although reference number 20 is used to mooring point, described in the mooring point that is instructed to can be and be required ship 14 mooring any one mooring point on facility safely.
Fig. 7 schematically shows according to the lateral view of facility of the present invention unit 11, also schematically indicated the ship 14 being moored on unit 11, this accompanying drawing has been indicated any one system cable 15,15 ', 18,18 ', 21,21 ' vertically-oriented and direction.Cross section view indication by ship 14 is moored in the ship 14 on facility.
As indicated in Fig. 7, this height of facility unit 11 is covered the hull of ship 14 more or less by unit 11.
Fig. 8 schematically shows another configuration of the unit 11 that forms facility.According to this configuration, use the cell location that is shown in Fig. 2.In addition, added another unit 11 ', it is orientated sets up shielding portion, prevents that wave from importing into from parallel with the longitudinal direction of three unit 11 more or less direction.Be understandable that not shown mooring cable, mooring point etc.Reproducible equipment and the equipment being shown in other accompanying drawing of this equipment and equipment.Accompanying drawing also indicates for lead to the selecting side of the harbour 28 of facility from bank.Not shown at harbour and do not execute between unit 11 and the bridge between each facility of unit 11.
Unit 11,11 ' can be structured on harbour website 10, harbour website 10 is built not at remote construction website, is pulled and be placed on marine bottom 12.According to local environment conditions, as the type of the depth of water, marine bottom, waveform, carry out forming unit 11,11 ' and harbour website 10, and minimized possible, the negative effect as the environment force from wave, wind and current.Depend on mooring direction and the location of the LNG ship 14 of requirement, unit 11,11 ' is placed in marine bottom by the configuration to require, and as according to operation and the consideration of secure context, requiring LNG ship is to carry out under the possible loading conditions of the best.
Unit on mounted harbour website 10 11,11 ' shape are applicable to the local wave spectrum on installation site, so that cause that in the operating period of harbour website 10 wave that ship moves is decayed as much as possible, and other wave is allowed through harbour website 10.
By realizing the adjusting for wave in marine bottom setup unit 11,11 ' distance each other.Respectively, by decaying compared with small echo with by the larger ripple of longer range attenuation compared with short distance.Calculating illustrates, and the 1/4-1/2 of the wavelength that the particularly advantageous distance of using between unit 9 approximately decays corresponding to hope doubly.
In order to determine, wish which wave of decay, can be from the wave spectrum of wave height and ripple frequency form.Then for example by calculating the peak of each wave, under the help of frequency spectrum, usefully express a plurality of waves along with passage of time.By utilizing statistical distribution, as described in the obvious value of wave spectrum, it is illustrated in the average of the 3rd of the highest wave in 20 minute cycle above (for measuring wave height).Also can use the statistical distribution of other form is known with this for a person skilled in the art, is not described further herein.
The size of cell substrates is applicable to reaching best possible wave attenuation.Advantageously the upper part of substrate is positioned under ocean surface itself, to form the form of bank between the upper part in substrate and ocean surface.Calculating illustrates, and about half-wave eminence that unit 11,11 ' is placed under ocean surface with respect to the wave height of hope decay and associated wavelength is particularly advantageous.An example is that, if wish that the wave height of decay is 8 meters, it is favourable so base top being placed in to general 4 meters of under sea 25.In order to reach this distance between sea 25 and substrate, correspondingly regulate the size of substrate.
The profile of substrate is also on having impact in harbour website 10 wave attenuation around.Substrate on horizontal plane for square be favourable, wherein, for example, it will only need to make substrate be adapted to carry out and change on the height of ocean plane.Yet, mention, can apply the substrate of other profile and will in detailed description below, describe in more detail with this.
According to target, demand and hope can also various ways forming unit 11,11 ' substrate.
Unit 11,11 ' can have substrate (not shown) relatively large and large volume, settles these substrates wherein close to each otherly.By unit 11,11 ' this form and arrangement, harbour website 10 as desired part wave spectrum, be for example less than ripple snubber or the breaker portion of the wave in 10 seconds cycles.Meanwhile, if needed, surging of longer cycle can slip over harbour website 10.And reducing disadvantageous ocean current effect will be possible.
If require stronger decay, the available sidewall forming unit more tilting 11,11 ' with the relative unit 11,11 ' of closely settling.If wish to increase with wave interact, and further decay wave (not shown), forming units such as available coarse or porous surface, sharp edges, projection 11,11 ' and substrate.
Unit 11,11 ' does not need to be mutually in a straight line, but can be in as shown in Figure 5 a desired angle, is placed.If for example wished to avoid from the such negative effect of surging of all directions, this will be favourable.In loading and unloading operating periods, especially disadvantageously in ship midship direction, run into high-amplitude wave wave and surge.This makes LNG ship 14 produce larger fluctuating and in rotary moving, and LNG ship may be to be subject to forcing of moored position simultaneously, and this was not supposed in loading and unloading operating periods very much.
By mooring LNG ship 14 on other direction, high-amplitude wave or surge imports in the direction along ship.Therefore, LNG ship 14 along vessel orientation to Wave Response significantly to reduce rotation and punching press and move and to reduce ship midship dynamic.
Claims (17)
- One kind at sea storage, the harbour facility of loading and unloading oil gas product, comprise a plurality of unit (9) that are reciprocally placed on sea bed, to form harbour facility, described unit (9) is placed in independently to set a distance interval and has front surface along lateral, ship is along this front surface mooring, described unit (9) is formed for one or more passages of part wave, and the part that is configured to decay is imported wave into, allow wave and the current of other parts to pass through harbour facility simultaneously, frequency by the wave that will decay and allow the lateral distance between two adjacent cells of FREQUENCY CONTROL (9) of the wave passing through between unit (9),It is characterized in that, away from the described longitudinal direction with respect to facility (10) that imports wave in a lateral direction, the front surface of one in unit (9) is with respect to the front surface skew certain distance (R) of two adjacent cells, and R is 0 in the scope of Z, and wherein Z is the length of off center unit (9).
- 2. harbour according to claim 1 facility, is characterized in that, Z is the maximum length along the ship of longitudinal side-line pool of off-centring unit (9).
- 3. harbour according to claim 1 and 2 facility, is characterized in that, described unit (9) are configured to increase or reduce in the direction of wave motion two channel widths (Q) between adjacent cells.
- 4. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, the offset distance of described unit is in the scope of 2 to 60 meters.
- 5. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, the footprint region of the unit of displacement is trapezoidal, and wherein parallel side surface is perpendicular to the principal direction of wave.
- 6. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, described cell location becomes and in wave direction, reduces two channel widths between adjacent cells importing into.
- 7. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, about 1/4-1/2 of the wavelength of the wave that the minimum widith of described passage (q) is decayed corresponding to hope doubly.
- 8. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, the footprint region of two adjacent cells is trapezoidal.
- 9. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, the angle (α) between at least one in two parallel sides of described unit and inclined side is in the scope of 0 to 30 degree.
- 10. harbour according to claim 9 facility, is characterized in that, described angle (α) is different for a sidewall of unit.
- 11. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 10, it is characterized in that, the side offset distance between the distance between two adjacent cells and/or two unit makes there is no visual opening in passage (8).
- 12. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that, when described unit being placed in to the depth of water place of 18 meters, the average lateral distance between described unit is about 20 meters.
- 13. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 12, it is characterized in that, described unit (9) are arranged to form two or more moored position, and wherein said moored position relative to each other forms as the angle of 90 degree.
- 14. according to the harbour facility described in claim 1 to 13, it is characterized in that, described unit is provided with and prevents that described unit is knocked the member of damage, described member comprises from the face of the outstanding parts in surface of ship, and described member is also preferably as will and being preferably used for wave breaking effect along the anchor point of the ship of harbour facility mooring.
- 15. harbour according to claim 14 facilities, is characterized in that, extend through water line while being configured on installation site for the described member of impact protector downwards.
- 16. for constructing and settle according to the method for the harbour website described in of aforementioned claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:Settle at least three unit (9), described unit interval certain distance is to make a harbour website decay part import wave into, and other wave is through harbour website,By one in described at least three unit element displacement with respect to vicinity on lateral, andAccording to the wave frequencies of hope decay and hope, by the frequency between unit (9), carry out the distance between computing unit (9).
- 17. methods as claimed in claim 16, is characterized in that, by means of following steps, determine the distance between described unit:In the region of hope, on a time period, measure wave height,Form the wave spectrum of tested wave height,Calculate the statistical distribution of described wave spectrum,According to the normal distribution of described wave spectrum, determine mean wave height, andAccording to the distance between the value determining unit of described mean wave height.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610856775.8A CN106400737B (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2012-06-29 | For storing and unloading the facility of oil gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20110947 | 2011-06-30 | ||
| NO20110947 | 2011-06-30 | ||
| PCT/NO2012/050128 WO2013002648A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2012-06-29 | Plant for storage and unloading hydrocarbon and also a method thereof |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610856775.8A Division CN106400737B (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2012-06-29 | For storing and unloading the facility of oil gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103946455A true CN103946455A (en) | 2014-07-23 |
| CN103946455B CN103946455B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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| CN105113508A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-02 | 中交公路长大桥建设国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Positioning, sinking and controlling system for large-scale bridge deepwater prefabricated foundation |
| CN105584619A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-05-18 | 上海船舶研究设计院 | Collision bulkhead with ventilating function for small LNG transport ship |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2726676B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
| CA2862727A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
| CN106400737A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
| PL2726676T3 (en) | 2020-09-07 |
| ES2952084T3 (en) | 2023-10-27 |
| CA2862727C (en) | 2020-03-24 |
| WO2013002648A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
| EP3696324A1 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
| EP2726676A1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
| HRP20230944T1 (en) | 2023-12-08 |
| CN106400737B (en) | 2019-10-01 |
| EP3696324B1 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
| FI3696324T3 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
| HRP20200851T1 (en) | 2020-11-13 |
| PL3696324T3 (en) | 2024-02-05 |
| EP2726676A4 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
| ES2793967T3 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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