CN103946362A - 具有改进的泡沫的香皂 - Google Patents
具有改进的泡沫的香皂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103946362A CN103946362A CN201280057752.0A CN201280057752A CN103946362A CN 103946362 A CN103946362 A CN 103946362A CN 201280057752 A CN201280057752 A CN 201280057752A CN 103946362 A CN103946362 A CN 103946362A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- blend
- soap
- soap bar
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有改进的起泡的皂条。具体地,通过限制肉豆蔻酸的量并保持特别规定的C8-C10脂肪酸的总和与C12脂肪酸之比,出人意料地获得了具有显著改善的起泡的皂条。
Description
通常通过皂化/中和甘油三酸酯/脂肪酸制备用于清洁的皂条。在该皂化过程中,各种脂肪(例如牛脂,棕榈和椰子油共混物)在碱(通常为氢氧化钠)的存在下被皂化而产生脂肪酸(衍生自形成甘油酯的脂肪酸链)和甘油的碱性盐。然后通常用盐水萃取甘油而产生含有皂和水相(例如,70%的皂和30%的水相)的稀释的脂肪酸皂溶液。然后通常干燥所述皂溶液(例如,至约12%的水)并研磨(plod)、蜗压、冲压成条。或者,可以将皂溶液浇入模具、吸塑(blisters)等中。
脂肪酸皂的链长根据起始脂肪或油原料(对于本说明书,“油”和“脂肪”可互换使用,除非上下文中另有要求)而变化。较长链脂肪酸皂(例如,C16棕榈酸或C18硬脂酸)通常是由牛油和棕榈油获得的,而较短链皂(例如,C12月桂酸)通常可以由,例如,椰子油或棕榈仁油获得。产生的脂肪酸皂也可以是饱和的或不饱和的(例如,油酸)。
通常,较长的分子量脂肪酸皂(例如,C14-C22皂)是不溶的,且不生成泡沫,尽管事实上它们可以帮助使由其他可溶的皂生成的泡沫更光滑细腻且更稳定。相反,较短的分子量皂(例如,C8-C12)起泡迅速。然而,较长链皂是期望的,因为它们保持结构且不会轻易溶解。不饱和的皂(例如,油酸)是可溶的且起泡迅速,如同短链皂一样,但形成更致密的、更光滑细腻的泡沫,如同较长链皂一样。
通常,特别是由于产生并保持固体皂条所要求的结构化(即结构化是由较长链长的皂提供的),生产具有增强的起泡益处(例如,迅速起泡)的纯皂条被认为是非常困难的。
当添加合成表面活性剂(例如,非离子表面活性剂)以增强温和性时,通常皂条仍必须主要由长链皂制成以确保皂条结构良好并可以在冲压下保持结构。
WO
93/04161(P&G),例如,公开了包含皂、C14-C20烷基聚氧乙烯醚非离子型和C16-C18酰基羟乙基磺酸盐(也是温和的表面活性剂)的混合物的皂条。所使用的皂至少包含牛脂(较长链,起泡较慢)并且包含阳离子聚合物皮肤温和性助剂和作为保湿剂的游离脂肪酸。
为了克服较差的起泡问题,本领域的文献已经公开了使用专门定制的皂(其涉及额外的、昂贵的工艺)和/或使用额外的、昂贵的共活性物(co-actives)。
美国专利5540852,Kefauver等人,例如,公开了一种温和的、起泡性个人清洁皂条组合物,其包含30-85wt%的定制脂肪酸皂,定制脂肪酸皂又包含50%-85%的饱和脂肪酸皂,所述饱和脂肪酸皂选自:肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸的皂。Kefauver没有公开增强的起泡要求最低含量的癸酸和月桂酸脂肪酸皂以及最高含量的肉豆蔻酸脂肪酸。
美国专利5656579,Chambers等人,公开了一种温和的香皂条,其包含皂与一种或多种共活性物的共混物,其包含基于总活性物的至少25wt%的月桂酸皂。此外,Chambers没有公开本发明要求保护的具有低含量的肉豆蔻酸皂,或具有低含量的癸酸和月桂酸脂肪酸皂的皂条配制物。
因此,增强温和性和/或在使用中的性能的之前的尝试是通过专门定制或使用昂贵的共活性物提供的。
除了本申请人要求保护的发明之外,其它地方都没有公开使用简单的但出人意料的皂比例提供增强的泡沫并同时保留结构。
本发明是研究使用不同量的不同脂肪酸作为合成表面活性剂的替代物来改进起泡性能,同时保持结构性能的试验的结果。令人惊讶地,可以获得保留了结构性能的具有优良的起泡的皂条。
本发明的组合物已被证实产生了在总体积方面具有显著改进的起泡体积性能的皂条。
相当出乎意料地,本申请人已经发现,使用脂肪酸皂的特定共混物,其中使用了最小量的C8-C10皂;C8-C10皂与C12皂的比率在规定的范围内;并使用了最大量的C14皂;可以制造出相对于其他皂共混物具有增强的泡沫同时保留结构的皂条。本发明的皂条可以是挤出的或熔铸的(cast-melt)。
具体地,本发明包括皂条组合物,其包含:
a) 占皂条的30-90wt%的脂肪酸皂共混物,包含:
(i) 占所述脂肪酸皂共混物的0.1-40wt%,优选10-40wt%的辛酸(C8)、壬酸(C9)、癸酸(C10),其盐或其混合物;
(ii) 不高于所述脂肪酸皂共混物的8wt%,优选不高于4 wt%,的量的肉豆蔻酸(C14);
b) 占所述皂组合物的0.1-50wt%的辅助剂,其选自多元醇、聚合物、有机和无机助剂、电解质、有益剂和其他次要成分;
c) 水;
其中所述脂肪酸共混物中辛酸、壬酸和癸酸的总和与月桂酸之比(ΣC8-10 /
C12)为0.19-2.5,更优选为0.5-2.0,和进一步优选为0.9-1.5。
具体地,本申请人已经发现,这些配制物提供了相对于没有保持这些标准的组合物(例如,没有最少化C14和没有正确地平衡C8-C10与C12之比)具有增强的起泡体积的组合物。
本发明涉及皂条组合物,其包含:
a) 占皂条的30-90wt%的脂肪酸皂共混物,包含:
(i) 占所述脂肪酸皂共混物的0.1-40wt%,优选10-40wt%的辛酸、壬酸和癸酸,其盐或其混合物;
(ii) 不高于所述脂肪酸皂共混物的8wt%的肉豆蔻酸;
b) 占皂组合物的0.1-50wt%的辅助剂,其选自多元醇、聚合物、有机和无机助剂、电解质、有益剂和其它次要成分;
c) 余量的水
其中所述脂肪酸共混物中辛酸、壬酸和癸酸的总和与月桂酸之比(ΣC8-10
/ C12)为0.19-2.5,更优选0.5-2.0,进一步优选0.9-1.5。
皂条组成
本发明涉及挤出或熔铸的包含特定含量和比率的各种脂肪酸皂;任选地一种或多种添加的多元醇、聚合物、有机和无机助剂材料、电解质、有益剂和其他次要成分以及余量的水的个人洗涤皂条。下面记述了用来制造和评估皂条的皂条组合物的这些组分。本发明的皂条组合物能够通过一般包括挤出成型锭或坯,并冲压或模制这些坯成独立的片、块或条的工艺制造,或者可以通过熔铸工艺获得所述产品。
脂肪酸皂共混物
脂肪酸皂、其它表面活性剂和事实上皂条的所有组分应当适于与人体皮肤常规接触并优选产生高起泡性的皂条。
本发明涉及具有改进的泡沫体积的皂条组合物,其包含占皂条的30-90wt%的脂肪酸共混物皂。更优选地,所述脂肪酸共混物包含占皂条的40-80wt%的脂肪酸共混物。最优选地,所述脂肪酸共混物包含占皂条的45-78wt%的脂肪酸共混物。
所述脂肪酸共混物包含一种或多种表面活性剂。表面活性剂的优选类型为脂肪酸皂。本文以其普遍的意义使用术语“皂”,即脂肪族、烷烃或烯烃一元羧酸的碱金属或烷醇铵盐。钠、钾、镁、单-、二-和三-乙醇铵阳离子,或其组合,最适用于本发明的目的。通常,本发明的组合物中使用钠皂,但至多约15%的皂可以为钾、镁或三乙醇胺皂。本文可用的皂为众所周知的具有约8-约24个碳原子的天然或合成脂肪族(链烷或链烯)酸的碱金属盐。它们可以被描述为具有约8-约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烃的碱金属羧酸盐。
所述脂肪酸共混物由脂肪酸制成,所述脂肪酸可以是不同的脂肪酸,通常为包含具有C8-C24的链长的脂肪酸部分的脂肪酸。所述脂肪酸共混物也可以包含相对纯量的一种或多种脂肪酸。适合的脂肪酸包括,但不限于,丁酸、己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、肉豆蔻反油酸(myristelaidic)、十五烷酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、十七烷酸、十七碳烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、二十碳烯酸、二十二烷酸和二十四烷酸以及它们的异构体。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述脂肪酸共混物具有脂肪酸部分链长为10(癸酸)和12(月桂酸)个碳原子的脂肪酸。在优选的实施方案中,所述脂肪酸共混物具有低含量的具有14个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸部分链长的脂肪酸(肉豆蔻酸)。
本发明的脂肪酸共混物包含相对大量(例如,至少3%,优选至少10%)的癸酸和月桂酸。而且,本发明要求约25-约55%的不饱和长链脂肪酸(C18:1和C18:2)。此外,所述脂肪酸共混物包含低含量的肉豆蔻酸,(例如,优选小于4wt%),其根据本发明,决定了结果的皂条组合物的良好起泡性能。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述脂肪酸共混物可以具有0.5:1-1.5:1的癸酸与月桂酸的比例。
所述脂肪酸可以最终为游离脂肪酸的形式,优选不高于脂肪酸皂共混物的5%。
有机和无机助剂材料
在皂条组合物中使用的助剂材料的总含量应当不高于皂条组合物的50wt%。
适合的淀粉质材料包括天然淀粉(来自玉米、小麦、大米、马铃薯、木薯等)、预凝胶化淀粉、各种物理和化学改性的淀粉和其混合物。术语天然淀粉是指还没有经受化学或物理改性的淀粉--也称为生或原淀粉。
优选的淀粉是来自玉蜀黍 (玉米)、木薯、小麦、马铃薯、大米和它的其他天然来源的天然或原淀粉。具有不同比率的直链淀粉和支链淀粉的生淀粉:例如,玉蜀黍(25%的直链淀粉);糯玉米(0%); 高直链淀粉玉蜀黍(70%);马铃薯(23%);大米(16%);西米(27%);木薯(18%);小麦(30%)和其他。生淀粉可以直接使用或在制造皂条组合物的过程中改性使得淀粉变得凝胶化(部分或全部凝胶化)。
另一种适合的淀粉是预凝胶化的,其为在作为本皂条组合物的成分添加之前已经凝胶化的淀粉。可获得将在不同温度下胶凝的各种形式,例如,冷水可分散的淀粉。一种适合的市售预凝胶化淀粉由National
Starch Co. (Brazil) 以商品名FARMAL CS 3400供应,但具有类似特性的其它市售材料也是适合的。
多元醇
另一种有机助剂可以为多元醇或多元醇的混合物。多元醇这个术语在本文中用于表示具有多个羟基基团(至少两个,优选至少三个)的化合物,其是高度水溶性的,优选易溶于水。
许多类型的多元醇是可得的,包括:相对低分子量的短链多羟基化合物,如甘油和丙二醇;糖,如山梨糖醇、甘露醇、蔗糖和葡萄糖;改性碳水化合物,如水解淀粉、糊精和麦芽糊精,以及聚合物合成多元醇,如聚亚烷基二醇,例如,聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚丙二醇(PPG)。
特别优选的多元醇为甘油、山梨糖醇及其混合物。
多元醇的含量在形成材料性能适用于高速加工(每分钟300-400条)和适用作个人洗涤皂条的热塑性块中是至关重要的。已经发现,当多元醇含量太低时,所述块在挤出温度(例如,40℃-45℃)下没有足够的塑性并且皂条倾向于表现出更高的糊化(mushing)和磨损速率。相反,当多元醇含量太高时,所述块变得太软而不能在正常加工温度下形成条。
助剂体系可以任选地包括不溶性颗粒,其包含一种材料或一组材料。不溶性颗粒是指以固体微粒形式存在的并且适用于个人洗涤的材料。
不溶性颗粒不应被感到扎人或粒状的,并且由此应该具有小于300微米,更优选小于100微米,和最优选小于50微米的粒度。
优选的无机微粒材料包括滑石粉和碳酸钙。滑石粉为镁硅酸盐矿物材料,具有片状硅酸盐结构和Mg3Si4(OH)22或Mg3Si4O10(OH)2的组成,并且能够以水合形式获得。它具有板状形态,并且本质上是亲油/疏水性的,即,它被油而非水润湿。
碳酸钙或白垩以三种结晶形式存在:方解石、霰石和球霰石。 方解石的自然形态为菱形或立方形,霰石为针状或树枝状,球霰石为球形。
商业上,被称为轻质碳酸钙的碳酸钙或白垩是通过碳酸化法生产的,其中二氧化碳气体鼓泡通过氢氧化钙的水悬浮液。在该工艺中碳酸钙的晶体类型为方解石或者为方解石与霰石的混合物。
其他任选的不溶性无机微粒材料的例子包括铝硅酸盐、铝酸盐、硅酸盐、磷酸盐、不溶性硫酸盐、硼酸盐和粘土(例如,高岭土、中国粘土)和其组合。
有机微粒材料包括:不溶性多糖,如高度交联的或不溶解化淀粉(例如,通过与疏水物,如琥珀酸辛酯,发生反应)和纤维素;合成聚合物,如各种聚合物晶格(polymer
lattices)和悬浮液聚合物;不溶性皂和其混合物。
结构化体系可以包括最多10%的不溶性颗粒,优选5%-8%,基于皂条组合物的总重量。
任选的成分
合成表面活性剂:
皂条组合物可以任选地包含非皂合成型表面活性剂(洗涤剂)-所谓的合成洗涤剂。合成洗涤剂可包括阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、两性或两性离子表面活性剂、和阳离子表面活性剂。
存在于皂条中的合成表面活性剂的含量通常低于25%,优选低于15%,优选至多10%,最优选0-7%,基于皂条组合物的总重量。
阴离子表面活性剂可以为,例如,脂肪族磺酸盐,如伯烷烃(例如C8-C22)磺酸盐、伯烷烃(例如C8-C22)二磺酸盐、C8-C22烯烃磺酸盐、C8-C22羟基烷烃磺酸盐或烷基甘油醚磺酸盐(AGS);或芳族磺酸盐,如烷基苯磺酸盐。α-烯烃磺酸盐是另一类适合的阴离子表面活性剂。
阴离子表面活性剂也可以为烷基硫酸盐(酯)(例如,C12-C18烷基硫酸盐(酯)),特别是伯醇硫酸盐或烷基醚硫酸盐(酯)(包括烷基甘油醚硫酸盐)。
阴离子表面活性剂也可以为磺化脂肪酸,例如α-磺化牛脂脂肪酸,磺化脂肪酸酯,如α-磺化甲基牛脂酸酯或其混合物。
阴离子表面活性剂也可以为烷基磺基琥珀酸盐(酯)(包括单-和二烷基,例如,C6-C22磺基琥珀酸盐(酯));烷基和酰基牛磺酸盐(酯)、烷基和酰基肌氨酸盐(酯)、磺基乙酸盐(酯)、C8-C22烷基磷酸盐(酯)和磷酸盐(酯)、烷基磷酸酯和烷氧基烷基磷酸酯、酰基乳酸盐(酯)或乳酸盐(酯),C8-C22单烷基琥珀酸盐(酯)和马来酸盐(酯)、磺基乙酸盐(酯)、和酰基羟乙基磺酸盐。
另一类阴离子表面活性剂为C8-C20烷基乙氧基(1-20 EO)羧酸盐。
另一种适合的阴离子表面活性剂为C8-C18酰基羟乙基磺酸盐。这些酯是通过碱金属羟乙基磺酸盐与具有6-18个碳原子和小于20的碘值的混合脂肪族脂肪酸之间的反应制备的。至少75%的混合脂肪酸具有12-18个碳原子并且至多25%具有6-10个碳原子。酰基羟乙基磺酸盐也可以为烷氧基化的羟乙基磺酸盐。
酰基羟乙基磺酸盐,当存在时,通常为所述组合物的总重量的约0.5%-约25%。
通常,所述阴离子组分构成用于皂条组合物的合成表面活性剂的大部分。
可以在本发明中使用的两性洗涤剂包括至少一个酸基团。这可以是羧酸或磺酸基团。它们包括季氮并且因此为季酰氨基酸(quaternary
amido acids)。它们一般应包含7-18个碳原子的烷基或烯基基团。适合的两性表面活性剂包括两性乙酸盐,烷基和烷基酰氨基甜菜碱、以及烷基和烷基酰氨基磺基甜菜碱。
两性乙酸盐和非两性乙酸盐也倾向于包括在可能使用的可能的两性离子和/或两性化合物中。
适合的非离子表面活性剂包括具有疏水基团和活性氢原子的化合物(例如,脂肪醇或脂肪酸)与环氧烷烃,尤其是仅环氧乙烷或环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷,的反应产物。例子包括脂肪族(C8-C18)伯或仲直链或支链醇与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,和由环氧乙烷与由环氧丙烷与乙二胺得到的反应产物的缩合制备的产物。其它所谓的非离子洗涤剂化合物包括长链叔胺氧化物、长链叔膦氧化物和二烷基亚砜。
非离子表面活性剂也可以为糖酰胺,如烷基多糖和烷基多糖酰胺。
阳离子洗涤剂的例子为季铵化合物,如烷基二甲基卤化铵。
在Parran Jr.的美国专利3723325和Schwartz、Perry和Berch的“Surface Active
Agents and Detergents”中记述了可以使用的其它表面活性剂,它们也都被通过引用结合到本申请中。
整理(finishing)助剂材料:
这些是直接(香料)或间接(防腐剂)改进皂条的美学品质,尤其是视觉、触觉和嗅觉性能的成分。可以在本发明的皂条组合物中加入各种任选的成分。助剂的例子包括但不限于:香料;遮光剂,如脂肪醇,乙氧基化脂肪酸,固体酯和TiO2;染料和颜料;珠光剂,如TiO2涂覆的云母和其他干涉颜料;片状反光颗粒(plate
like mirror particles),如有机闪光体;感知剂(sensate),如薄荷醇和生姜;防腐剂,如二羟甲基二甲基乙内酰脲(Glydant XL1000),对羟基苯甲酸酯类,山梨酸等;抗氧化剂,例如,丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT);螯合剂,如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的盐和羟乙膦酸(etridronate)三钠;乳化稳定剂;辅助增稠剂;缓冲剂;及其混合物。
所述珠光剂的含量应当为约0.1%-约3%,优选0.1%-0.5%和最优选约0.2至约0.4%,基于所述皂条组合物的总重量。
皮肤有益剂:
在此强调的一类特别的任选成分是皮肤增益剂,其用以提升皮肤和毛发的健康和状态。可能的增益剂包括但不限于:脂质,如胆固醇、神经酰胺和拟神经酰胺;抗微生物剂,如三氯生;防晒剂如肉桂酸酯;磨砂颗粒,如聚乙烯珠、核桃壳、杏籽、花瓣和籽、以及无机物,如二氧化硅、和浮石;附加的润肤剂(皮肤软化剂),如长链醇和蜡样羊毛脂;附加的保湿剂;爽肤剂;皮肤营养物,如维生素如维生素C、D和E,以及精油如佛手柑、温州蜜柑(citrus unshiu)、菖蒲等;鳄梨、葡萄、葡萄籽、没药、黄瓜、水疗、金盖花、接骨木花、天竺葵、椴树花、苋、海藻、银杏、人参、胡萝卜、凤仙花、卡姆果、alpina叶的水溶性或不溶性提取物及其它植物提取物,如美洲金缕梅,以及其混合物。
所述组合物还可包括各种提供附加皮肤(包括头皮)益处的其它活性成分。示例包括:抗粉刺剂,如水杨酸和间苯二酚;含硫D和L氨基酸以及它们的衍生物和盐、特别是它们的N-乙酰基衍生物;抗皱、抗皮肤萎缩和皮肤修复活性物,如维生素(例如,A、E 和K)、维生素烷基酯、矿物质、镁、钙、铜、锌及其它金属组分;视黄酸和酯及衍生物,如视黄醛和视黄醇、维生素B3化合物、α羟基酸、β羟基酸、例如水杨酸和其衍生物;皮肤抚慰剂,如芦荟、荷荷巴油、丙酸和乙酸衍生物、灭酸衍生物;人工美黑剂,如二羟基丙酮;酪氨酸;酪氨酸酯,如酪氨酸乙酯和酪氨酸葡萄糖酯;皮肤提亮剂,如芦荟提取物和烟酰胺、α-甘油基-L-抗坏血酸、氨基酪氨酸(aminotyroxine)、乳酸铵、羟基乙酸、氢醌、4-羟基茴香醚,皮脂刺激剂,如湾根醇酸(bryonolic
acid)、脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)和orizano;皮脂抑制剂,如铝羟基氯化物、皮质留类、脱氢乙酸和其盐、二氯苯基咪唑二氧戊环(可获自Elubiol);抗氧化剂效果、蛋白酶抑制;紧皮剂,如乙烯基吡咯烷酮、(甲基)丙烯酸和疏水性单体的三元共聚物,所述疏水性单体由长链(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯组成;止痒剂,如氢化可的松、甲地嗪和异丁嗪毛发生长抑制;5-α还原酶抑制剂;增强脱皮的试剂;抗糖化剂;抗头皮屑剂,如吡硫醇锌;毛发生长促进剂,如非那雄胺、米诺地尔、维生素D类似物和视黄酸及其混合物。
电解质
所述皂条包含0.5wt%-5wt%的电解质。优选的电解质包括碱金属或碱土金属的氯化物、硫酸盐和磷酸盐。不希望受理论束缚,据信电解质帮助构建凝固的皂块并且还通过共同离子效应提高熔融块的粘度。不具有任何电解质的对比皂条被发现更柔软。氯化钠和硫酸钠是最优选的电解质,更优选含量为0.6-3.6wt%,并且最优选1.0-3.6wt%。
聚合物
皂条可包含0.1-5wt%的选自丙烯酸酯或纤维素醚的聚合物。优选的丙烯酸酯包括交联丙烯酸酯,聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠。优选的纤维素醚包括羧甲基纤维素或羟烷基纤维素。也可使用这些聚合物的组合,只要聚合物的总量不超过5wt%。
丙烯酸酯
优选的条包含0.1%-5%的丙烯酸酯。更优选的条包含0.15-3%的丙烯酸酯。丙烯酸酯聚合物的例子包括与聚烯丙基蔗糖交联的丙烯酸的聚合物和共聚物,如在美国专利2798053中所述的,其被通过引用结合到本文中。其他的例子包括聚丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯共聚物或碱溶胀性乳液丙烯酸酯共聚物(例如,ACULYN®33来自Rohm and Haas; CARBOPOL® Aqua SF-1 来自Lubrizol Inc.),疏水改性的碱溶胀性共聚物(例如,ACULYN®
22, ACULYN® 28 和ACULYN®
38 来自Rohm and Haas)。市售丙烯酸的交联均聚物包括可从 Lubrizol Inc购得的Carbopol®934、940、941、956、980和996 卡波姆。其他市售交联丙烯酸共聚物包括可从 Lubrizol Inc购得的CARBOPOL® Ultrez 级系列(Ultrez® 10、20和21) 和ETD系列(ETD 2020和2050)。
CARBOPOL®
Aqua SF-1为特别优选的丙烯酸酯。该化合物为轻度交联的、碱-溶胀性丙烯酸酯共聚物,其具有三个结构单元;具有3-10个碳原子的一种或多种羧酸单体、一种或多种乙烯基单体和一种或多种单-或多不饱和单体。
纤维素醚
优选的皂条包含0.1-5%的纤维素醚。更优选的皂条包含0.1-3%的纤维素醚。优选的纤维素醚选自烷基纤维素、羟烷基纤维素和羧烷基纤维素。更优选的皂条包含羟烷基纤维素或羧烷基纤维素,特别优选的皂条包含羧甲基纤维素。
优选的羟烷基纤维素包括羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和乙基羟乙基纤维素。优选的羧甲基纤维素包括羧甲基纤维素。特别优选的是羧甲基纤维素呈羧甲基纤维素的钠盐形式。
蜡和聚亚烷基二醇
优选的蜡包括石蜡和微晶蜡。当使用聚亚烷基二醇时,优选的皂条可以包含0.01-5wt%的聚亚烷基二醇,更优选0.03-3wt%和最优选0.5-1wt%。适合的例子包括聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。优选的商品为由The Dow Chemical Company出售的POLYOX®。
方案和实施例
泡沫体积测试
1.引言
由皂条生成的泡沫的量是影响消费者偏好的重要参数。本文所述的泡沫体积测试给出了在标准条件下泡沫生成的量度,从而使得能够客观地比较不同的皂配制物。
2.原理
由熟练的技术人员使用标准化的方法生成泡沫。收集泡沫并测量其体积。
3.设备
洗涤碗
- 每个操作员1个容量10升
皂排水盒
- 每个样品1个
外科医生橡胶手套 -
高的圆柱玻璃烧杯 - 400mL,刻度为25mL(Pyrex nº1000)
温度计
-
玻璃棒
-
步骤
i. 片的预处理:
在开始测试序列之前,带上预前在普通皂中洗涤过的外科医生手套,洗涤所有测试片至少10分钟。这最好通过在自来水下扭转(twist)它们180°约20次来完成。
ii. 在碗中于特定温度下放置约5升的已知硬度的水。在测试了每个皂条之后换水。
iii. 拿起所述片,将其浸在水中并取出。在双手之间扭转片剂180°15次。将片剂放在皂盒上。
iv. 由残留在手套上的皂生成泡沫。
阶段1:以相同的方式用一只手搓另一只手(两只手同一方向)10次。
阶段2:用左手握紧右手,反之亦然,将泡沫挤向指尖。
重复该操作5次。重复阶段1和2。将泡沫放在烧杯中。
v.从第 iii段开始重复整个泡沫生成步骤两次,将所有泡沫合并在烧杯中。
Vi.轻轻地搅拌合并的泡沫以释放大的气泡。读取并记录体积。
通过双因素方差分析接Turkey's Test进行数据分析。
实施例
根据本文下面的配方,以不同的脂肪酸百分比制备固体保湿个人洗涤条。
用来制备所述配制物的脂肪酸是由Cosmoquimica以商品名Edenor®
C8 98/100 (辛酸);Edenor®
C10 98/100 (癸酸);Edenor®
C12 98/100 (月桂酸);Edenor®
C14 98/100 (肉豆蔻酸);Edenor®
C16 98/100 (棕榈酸);Edenor®
C18 98/100 (硬脂酸);Edenor®
C18:1 98/100 (油酸)供应的。
其它脂肪酸可能的供应商是Químico Anastácio、Emery
Oleochemicals 和Aboissa Óleos Vegetais。
表1-对比实施例
组成 | A | B | C | D |
TFM | 77.88 | 77.88 | 77.88 | 77.88 |
辛酸钠(C8) | 1.44 | 0.75 | 0.41 | 1.1 |
癸酸钠 (C10) | 1.45 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 1.11 |
月桂酸钠 (C12) | 19.89 | 10.5 | 5.8 | 15.2 |
比率 (ΣC8-10/C12) | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
肉豆蔻酸钠 (C14) | 7.21 | 4.34 | 2.92 | 5.77 |
短不饱和:长不饱和(C18:1+C18:2) | 35.36 | 36.47 | 36.34 | 36.69 |
甘油 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
癸酸 (C10) | - | - | - | - |
月桂酸(C12) | - | - | - | - |
其他成分 (%) | 至100% | 至100% | 至100% | 至100% |
泡沫体积(mL) ±10ml | 250 | 220 | 200 | 240 |
组成 | E | F |
TFM | 77.88 | 76.96 |
辛酸钠 (C8) | - | 0.92 |
癸酸钠(C10) | 1 | 0.7 |
月桂酸钠(C12) | 9.5 | 10.12 |
比率 (ΣC8-10/C12) | 0.10 | 0.16 |
肉豆蔻酸钠(C14) | 21.5 | 4.15 |
短不饱和:长不饱和(C18:1+C18:2) | 50 | 36.74 |
甘油 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
癸酸 (C10) | - | 1 |
月桂酸(C12) | - | - |
其他成分 (%) | 至100% | 至100% |
泡沫体积(mL) ±10ml | 240 | 260 |
表2-本发明的实施例
组成 | 实施例 1 | 实施例 2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
TFM | 77.88 | 77.88 | 77.88 | 72.20 |
辛酸钠 (C8) | 1.55 | 1.05 | 2.04 | 2.04 |
癸酸钠(C10) | 10.56 | 7.07 | 14.05 | 14.05 |
月桂酸钠(C12) | 10.4 | 7.3 | 13.49 | 13.49 |
比率 (ΣC8-10/C12) | 1.16 | 1.11 | 1.19 | 1.19 |
肉豆蔻酸钠(C14) | 1.87 | 1.74 | 2.01 | 2.01 |
短不饱和:长不饱和(C18:1+C18:2) | 36.99 | 36.67 | 35.76 | 35.76 |
甘油 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 6.66 |
癸酸 (C10) | - | - | - | - |
月桂酸(C12) | - | - | - | - |
其他成分 (%) | 至100% | 至100% | 至100% | 至100% |
泡沫体积(mL) ±10ml | 310 | 280 | 370 | 370 |
组成 | 实施例5 | 实施例 6 | 实施例 7 | 实施例 8 |
TFM | 77.88 | 77.88 | 77.88 | 77.88 |
辛酸钠 (C8) | 0.56 | 19 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
癸酸钠(C10) | 3.58 | 1 | 20 | 12.0 |
月桂酸钠(C12) | 4.2 | 8 | 20 | 12.0 |
比率 (ΣC8-10/C12) | 0.99 | 2.50 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
肉豆蔻酸钠(C14) | 1.62 | 4 | 0.4 | 8.0 |
短不饱和:长不饱和(C18:1+C18:2) | 39.1 | 50 | 15 | 50 |
甘油 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
癸酸 (C10) | - | - | - | - |
月桂酸(C12) | - | - | - | - |
其他成分 (%) | 至100% | 至100% | 至100% | 至100% |
泡沫体积(mL) ±10ml | 230 | 350 | 380 | 340 |
表3-具有包含癸酸和月桂酸的游离脂肪酸的脂肪酸共混物的组合物的实施例
组成 | 实施例9 | 实施例10 | 实施例 11 |
TFM | 76.96 | 76.04 | 75.12 |
辛酸钠 (C8) | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 |
癸酸钠(C10) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
月桂酸钠(C12) | 10.12 | 10.12 | 10.12 |
肉豆蔻酸钠(C14) | 4.15 | 4.15 | 4.15 |
短不饱和:长不饱和(C18:1+C18:2) | 36.74 | 36.74 | 36.74 |
甘油 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
癸酸 (C10) | - | 1 | 3 |
月桂酸(C12) | 1 | 1 | - |
其他成分 (%) | 至100% | 至100% | 至100% |
泡沫体积(mL) ±10ml | 250 | 270 | 270 |
对比实施例A至F显示了当前不同制造商生产的典型的皂条组合物,其性能不如本文所述的配制物的性能那样有效。可以看出,当没有根据本发明平衡其它短链皂锂(例如,至少0.19的C9-C10 / C12之比),具有相对高量的肉豆蔻酸(C14)的皂共混物的产品具有相对较低的泡沫体积。从对比实施例A-F可以看出肉豆蔻酸(C14)或其盐,肉豆蔻酸钠对皂条的起泡的影响,如果未相应地平衡其他短链脂肪酸皂,如将在表2中显示的。通常,高含量的这种脂肪酸会降低起泡性能,减少产生的泡沫的量。仅能,例如,当C8-C10皂与月桂酸(C12)之比相应地平衡时应用更高含量的肉豆蔻酸,如实施例14中所示。对比实施例D和F显示了肉豆蔻酸(C14)的影响。肉豆蔻酸(C14)的稍微降低,从实施例D中的5.77至示例F中的4.15,足以使泡沫从240增加到260毫升。产生具有良好的性能的皂条的肉豆蔻酸皂的最大量已确定为8.0%。
不受理论束缚,据信,肉豆蔻(C14)酸或其盐,肉豆蔻酸钠,具有不足够短以产生泡沫和不足够长以与脂肪酸的其他长的饱和皂一起结晶的碳链,由此以耗尽表面活性剂体系的起泡性的方式干扰表面活性剂体系。另一方面,短链脂肪酸-从辛酸(C8)至月桂酸(C12)具有不干扰起泡效果的较小碳,并且由此能很好地大量产生气泡和泡沫。
此外,高含量的辛(C8)和癸(C10)酸提供了好到极佳的起泡性能,特别是泡沫体积。对比实施例F的肉豆蔻酸(C14)含量(4.34%)与实施例12(4%)相当。在实施例12中,辛酸(C8)的量为19%,其是对比例中的量的近20倍。这转化成高得多的泡沫量,即实施例4中的240毫升和实施例12中的350毫升。
癸酸(C10)在生成大量体积的泡沫中也起着重要的作用。对比例A具有少量的癸酸(C10),仅1.45%。实施例1显示了大量的癸酸(C10),10.56%和更高的泡沫体积,即从实施例1的250毫升至实施例1中310毫升的泡沫。
已经发现,当脂肪酸共混物中辛、壬和癸酸(ΣC8-10)的总和与月桂酸(C12)之比为0.19-2.5时,所述泡沫体积与传统皂相比增加了约40-50%。当我们比较表1中的实施例与表2中的那些时,可以看出,辛、壬和癸酸的总和与月桂酸(ΣC8-10
/ C12)之比在这些实施例中变化很大。 表1中的对比实施例中,比率范围为0.10-0.16,表现出235毫升的平均泡沫体积;而在本发明的实施例3-8中,该比率范围为0.99-2.5,产生具有平均泡沫体积高达330毫升的产品。在这个意义上,比率(ΣC8-10 / C12)是皂条组合物的大量泡沫的显著预测因子。
Claims (13)
1.皂条组合物,包含:
a) 占皂条的30-90wt%的脂肪酸皂共混物,包含:
(i) 占所述脂肪酸皂共混物的0.1-40wt%的辛酸、壬酸和癸酸,其盐或其混合物;
(ii) 不高于所述脂肪酸皂共混物的8wt%的肉豆蔻酸;
b) 占所述皂组合物的0.1-50wt%的辅助剂,其选自多元醇、聚合物、有机和无机助剂、电解质、有益剂和其他次要成分;
c) 余量的水;
其中所述脂肪酸共混物中辛酸、壬酸和癸酸的总和与月桂酸之比(ΣC8-10 / C12)为0.19-2.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的皂条,其中所述脂肪酸共混物包含占所述脂肪酸皂掺混物的0.1-35wt%的月桂酸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的皂条,其中所述脂肪酸共混物中辛酸、壬酸和癸酸的总和占总脂肪酸的10wt%-40wt%。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的皂条,其中所述脂肪酸共混物包含占总脂肪酸的约1wt%-约7wt%的肉豆蔻酸。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的皂条,其中所述脂肪酸共混物进一步包含小于总脂肪酸的15wt%的亚油酸。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的皂条,其中所述脂肪酸共混物中棕榈酸和硬脂酸的总和占总脂肪酸共混物的约7-约70wt%。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的皂条,其中所述脂肪酸共混物进一步包含0.01-约7%的游离脂肪酸。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的皂条,根据泡沫体积测试产生约370毫升的泡沫。
9.根据权利要求2-8中任一项所述的皂条,其中C8-C10的总和与C12之比为0.5-2.0。
10.根据权利要求2-9中任一项所述的皂条,其中所述共混物包含8-16%的月桂酸。
11.根据权利要求5-10中任一项所述的皂条 ,其中所述共混物中的亚油酸占总脂肪酸的少于6%。
12.根据权利要求11所述的皂条,其中亚油酸占总脂肪酸的少于2%。
13.根据权利要求6-12中任一项所述的皂条,其中棕榈酸和硬脂酸的总和为总脂肪酸的15-60wt%。
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WO2015038601A1 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-19 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Soap compositions and treatment methods for the mitigation of winter season pruritus |
BR112016011379B1 (pt) | 2013-11-25 | 2022-01-04 | Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. | Barra para a higiene pessoal |
EA035754B1 (ru) * | 2014-07-22 | 2020-08-05 | Юнилевер Н.В. | Композиция кускового мыла и способы сохранения улучшенного пенообразования в воде с высокой концентрацией электролитов |
US9844524B2 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-12-19 | Vanguard Soap LLC | Soap compositions and methods |
MX2018001051A (es) | 2015-07-29 | 2018-06-07 | Unilever Nv | Barra limpiadora antimicrobiana de baja materia grasa total (tfm). |
EP3362546B1 (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2019-04-10 | Unilever Plc. | Soap bar having separate concentrated regions of specifically selected components |
BR112021014250A2 (pt) | 2019-03-01 | 2021-09-28 | Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. | Composição de barra de sabão e uso de composição |
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US20230073393A1 (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2023-03-09 | Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever | A soap composition |
CN118043442A (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-05-14 | 宝洁公司 | 固体可溶性组合物 |
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