CN103946010A - 用于生产中空型材的方法以及中空型材部件 - Google Patents

用于生产中空型材的方法以及中空型材部件 Download PDF

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CN103946010A
CN103946010A CN201280057458.XA CN201280057458A CN103946010A CN 103946010 A CN103946010 A CN 103946010A CN 201280057458 A CN201280057458 A CN 201280057458A CN 103946010 A CN103946010 A CN 103946010A
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E·里斯
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于生产中空型材(10)、特别是用于机动车的驾驶舱横向构件的方法,其中连续纤维(22,32)绕着型芯(48)编织成中空纤维结构(46),型芯复现了待生产的中空型材的内部轮廓,其中,在编织之后,中空纤维结构(46)在弹性状态下从型芯(48)非破坏性地移除,通过施加内压而定形为最终轮廓,并且通过塑料注塑包覆。

Description

用于生产中空型材的方法以及中空型材部件
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于生产中空型材的方法以及根据权利要求10的前序部分的中空型材部件。
背景技术
为了轻重量构造的原因,由纤维增强塑料制成的部件越来越多地用于汽车构造。通常,这些部件仅能够以板件形式或者不具有底切的、直线延伸的中空型材的形式来生产。设计复杂的部件,例如驾驶舱的横向构件不得不承载诸如转向平台、中心平台、安全气囊保持架和通道加强件(Tunnelstreb)等多个附件,因此即使在轻质结构中也具有多个零件,它们随后接合在一起。在中空型材部件的构造过程中,部件的各区域之间的材料锁合的连接是不可能的,因此稳定性不总是最优。
为了生产具有更复杂设计的纤维增强型中空型材部件,从DE10 2007057 198A1已知的是以传力配合优化的和应力优化的方式将树脂涂层的连续纤维施加到消失模(lost mold)上,这例如能够通过纺织、编织、装订或缝合来实施。纤维材料随后固化,同时形成所要求的增强中空支架,并且破坏性地移除消失模。
虽然所述方法也能生产出具有复杂设计的中空体,但是其受困于多方面缺陷。特别地,湿的、也就是浸渍树脂的纤维难以处置,其中例如,必须频繁地清洁处理机器。用于生产每个单独的中空型材的消失型芯的提供既费时成本又高。消失型芯的毁坏和移除同样如此。
发明内容
因此,本发明所要解决的问题是提供根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的方法,其能以特别容易和经济的方式通过纤维复合材料来生产具有复杂设计的中空型材。此外,本发明所要解决的问题是提供根据权利要求10的前序部分所述的中空型材部件,其在行驶过程中尤其耐受力的作用,同时,能够特别经济且容易地生产该中空型材部件。
该问题是通过具有权利要求1所述的特征的方法以及通过具有权利要求10所述的特征的中空型材部件来解决的。
在这种用于生产中空型材、特别是用于机动车的驾驶舱横向构件的方法中,连续纤维绕着型芯编织成中空纤维结构,该型芯复现了待生产的中空型材的内部轮廓。此处,根据本发明提出的是,在编织之后,中空纤维结构在弹性状态下从型芯非破坏性地移除,通过施加内压成型为最终轮廓,并且通过塑料注塑包覆。在注塑包覆之后,工件还能够在弹性状态下从型芯移除。
换言之,与现有技术相比,借助于永久型芯来复现中空型材的内部轮廓。由于编织的中空纤维结构的弹性本质,具有例如底切、分支等设计复杂的永久型芯也能够非破坏性地从中空纤维结构移除。因此,无需额外努力以重复地提供新的消失型芯以及取消了型芯的花费大的毁坏和移除。
优选地,型芯具有至少一个分支。这实现了具有特别复杂的设计的中空型材的生产,所述中空型材除了实际的吸收力和传导力的支承结构之外还包括一件式且材料锁合地形成的附加功能元件,诸如附加支撑件、平台等。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,在内压施加之前,借助于至少一个处置设备、特别是机器人使得中空纤维结构成为接近最终轮廓的形状。这使得完全且可靠地对中空纤维结构的内部进行增压,而不会由于中空纤维结构中的折痕、扭结等影响形状。因此,能以特别过程安全的方式将中空纤维结构定形成期望的最终轮廓。
便利地,由增强纤维和热塑基质纤维制成的混合粗纱用作连续纤维。可选地,还可以使用包覆热塑基质材料的增强纤维,即所谓的预浸丝束(towpreg)。在这两种情况下,基质材料在固体或糊状状态下被引入编织物中。因此,避免了在浸渍树脂增强纤维的处置中出现的问题。例如,碳纤维、玻璃纤维等能够用作增强纤维。除了碳纤维之外,数种类型的增强纤维,例如钢纤维或芳族聚酰胺纤维,能够编织到唯一的粗纱中。例如,PA或PPA能够用作热塑基质材料。在这两种情况下,能够实现增强纤维和基质纤维的极精细的、均质的分布,这会由于基质材料的短流动路径而使得随后实现更快且更佳的固化。对应的混合粗纱或预浸丝束额外地使纤维能够平行于轴线特别精确地对准,而无绞合或打结,这尤其有益于成品中空型材中的力流。
优选地,短纤维增强塑料——特别优选地是热塑性塑料——用于将中空纤维结构注塑包覆。这能达到特别高的强度。除了注塑包覆本身之外,混合粗纱或预浸丝束的基质材料同时熔化,从而得到具有出色机械特性的均质的、有长有短的纤维增强中空型材主体。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,当编织中空纤维结构时,生产出局部不同的壁厚度。这使得中空型材能够以力流优化的方式适应实际的操作负荷,使得在部件重量特别小时,实现对于在行驶过程中出现的负荷的特别高的耐受力。
便利地,在施加高内压之前,中空纤维结构被加热成高于玻璃化转化温度并直至恰好低于基质材料的熔点,使得中空纤维结构已经变得最优地具有流动能力且可变形,并且最优地适应最终轮廓。
有益地,当将中空纤维结构注塑包覆时,额外地将至少一个嵌件一起注塑包覆。同样能够由纤维复合材料制成的这种类型的嵌件同样能够在中空型材上形成功能部件,诸如平台、支架、保持架、支撑件或类似物。此处,能够根据本身已知的方法在常见的注塑模具中来实施注塑包覆。
本发明还涉及到中空型材部件,特别是用于机动车的驾驶舱横向构件,其具有中空型材,所述中空型材具有至少一个分支,通过连续的、有分支的纤维编织物来增强所述中空型材。此处,根据本发明,至少一个分支形成功能件特别是平台、通道加强件等。通过使用连续的分支的纤维编织物,获得了特别稳定的中空型材部件。同时,通过使用至少一个分支来形成功能件,能够实现特别高的功能集成。这使得可以放弃可能会削弱中空型材部件的、例如通过注塑包覆或其它机械接合方法实现的、功能件的非材料锁合的连接。
附图说明
下面结合附图更详细地解释本发明及其实施方案:
图1示出了根据本发明的驾驶舱横向构件的实施方案的透视图;
图2示出了混合粗纱的剖视图;
图3示出了预浸丝束的剖视图;
图4示出了能够在根据本发明的方法的实施方案的背景下使用的编织机;
图5示出了通过根据图4的编织机生产的编织物;
图6示出了能够在根据本发明的方法的实施方案的背景下使用的永久型芯的透视图;
图7示出了根据本发明的驾驶舱横向构件的实施方案的分支区域的剖视图;
图8示出了用于将在根据本发明的方法的背景下生产的中空纤维主体对准接近最终轮廓的位置的机器人系统的示意图;
图9示出了当根据图8对中空纤维主体进行注塑包覆时用于嵌件的可能位置的示意图;
图10示出了用于将中空纤维主体注塑包覆的注塑模具;
图11示出了根据本发明的驾驶舱横向构件的实施方案的详细结构图;
图12和图13示出了在根据本发明的驾驶舱横向构件的实施方案中用于形成转向平台的嵌件的两个可选视图;
图14和图15示出了在用于根据本发明的驾驶舱横向构件的实施方案中用于转向平台的另一嵌件的两个透视图;以及
图16示出了用于根据本发明的用于驾驶舱横向构件的实施方案的乘客安全气囊的保持架结构的嵌件的透视图。
具体实施方式
用于机动车的驾驶舱横向构件,整体由附图标记10来表示,包括设计为中空型材的横撑12,以及将驾驶舱横向构件10支撑在机动车的通道上的、同样为中空型材的通道加强件14。为了形成特别稳定的驾驶舱横向构件10,横撑12和通道加强件14由纤维增强塑料制成为单部件式、有分支的中空体。注塑包覆附接件,诸如用于乘客安全气囊的保持框架16或转向平台18,进一步附接到横撑12。用于侧向地紧固驾驶舱横向构件10的紧固托架20作为注塑包覆的塑料零件而连接到驾驶舱横向构件10。
如图2所示的混合粗纱能够用于生产这种分支式纤维复合中空型材。这种类型的混合粗纱22包括多根增强纤维24,例如,碳纤维,它们与由诸如例如PPA的热塑性塑料制成的基质纤维26捆束在一起。此处,规则地交替的纤维布置28和无规则的纤维布置30两者都是可行的。混合粗纱22的优点包含:基质材料已经包含在预制件中。由于增强纤维和基质纤维的极精细的、均质的分布,在编织过程之前,基质材料已经存在于编织物中。这使得由于稍后熔化的基质纤维26的短流动路径而能实现快速的且尤其可靠的固化。另外,纤维24、26平行于轴线布置,而无绞合或打结,这大幅提高了材料的负荷承受能力。可选地,还能够使用图3所示的所谓预浸丝束32。这些是涂有由基质材料制成的护套(Mantel)34的增强纤维24。这也使得在后期固化过程中有特别短的流动路径。
增强纤维24能够形成为碳纤维、玻璃纤维等。混合纤维合成物,例如具有附加集成的钢丝或芳族聚酰胺丝,也是可能的。
如图4所示的编织机36用于绕着永久型芯编织中空型材。分别承载多个卷轴42的多个编织轮40绕着永久型芯38布置。相应的混合粗纱22从卷轴42拆卷并且绕着型芯38编织。在这样做时,能够借助于红外辐射器44来实现基质纤维26的材料的部分熔化。多个编织轮40的使用能生产出多层编织物。特别是,这还能实现厚度突变,其中在要求更高的区域中编织物的多层被编织为彼此重叠。
在这种编织过程中,通过编织物46的片段所显示的编织角可以是+/-5°至+/-80°。额外的填充丝线能够馈送到编织轮以提供沿零度方向的增强,当存在弯曲负荷时这样做尤其有益。所述填充丝线以拉伸方式进入编织物并且因此近似没有波动起伏。能够进一步使用所谓的UD编织,其中通过纯的基质丝线来编织混合粗纱,并且稍后使基质熔化。
根据图6的模具型芯48用于实现驾驶舱横向构件10中的分支。图6a所示的模具型芯48被设计成多个零件并且具有带分支的中心件50,该带分支的中心件能够与端部件52拼接以形成成品的型芯48。如图6b所示,还能够通过将端部件52插塞到中心件50的对应的接纳部中来实现分支。
由于混合粗纱22或预浸丝束32的柔性本质,即使在分支区域中,也可以完全绕着该型芯48来编织,而随后以非破坏性方式从编织物46拆除型芯48。如果在较大分支角的情况下,如图7所示,完全绕着分支区域的编织不可能,则稍后可以在必要时使所述区域具有注塑包覆54。
在从型芯48拆除编织物46之后,通过处置机器人56来抓取所述编织物,如图8所示。所述机器人具有多个操纵器58,操纵器抓取编织物46并且将编织物46保持在接近最终轮廓的位置上。在所述位置上,编织物46最终被置于注射成型机62中,其中,根据需要,所述编织物在多个点处具有嵌件60,嵌件60由热塑性塑料制成,其被保持在注塑模具62中的对应位置上。在编织物46的实际注塑包覆之前,向编织物46施加内压,使得所述编织物在注塑成型过程中也保持所要求的中空轮廓。编织物46以及嵌件60(如果需要的话)随后用热塑性塑料体注塑包覆,如果需要,热塑性塑料体本身也可包含短纤维以用于进一步增强。在这样做时,热塑性塑料体侵入编织物46并且同时将基质纤维26熔化,从而得到具有期望的内部纤维结构的均质塑料体。此处,由热塑性塑料,例如FVK(纤维增强塑料)制成的嵌件60也与横向构件材料锁合地连接,从而形成具有高功能集成度的一体式横向构件10。
当编织物46注塑包覆时,能够额外地注入增强肋64,如图11所示。
最后,在图12至图16中示出了嵌件60的不同实施方案的多个实施例。此处,图12至图15示出了用于形成转向平台18的嵌件60的不同视图。嵌件能够由平坦的有机片材结构66构成,平坦的有机片材结构66能够经由形成空腔70的塑料肋式结构68与编织物连接。对应的容纳开口72用于将转向平台18螺纹连接到待紧固于其上的部件。此处还可以提供增强肋74,其给予转向平台18特定的强度。
最后,图16示出了用于形成用于乘客安全气囊的保持架16的嵌件60。此处,嵌件60由框架78构成,框架78以矩形方式环绕并且由热塑性塑料制成,所述框架相应地设有容纳待进行注塑包覆的编织物46的材料肋式结构68。同样,能够通过在注塑包覆时熔化肋式结构68来形成材料锁合的连接,使得此处也能够实现特别良好的稳定性。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于生产中空型材(10)、特别是用于机动车的驾驶舱横向构件的方法,其中连续纤维(22,32)绕着型芯(48)编织成中空纤维结构(46),所述型芯复现了待生产的所述中空型材(10)的内部轮廓,
其特征在于,
在编织之后,所述中空纤维结构(46)在弹性状态下从所述型芯(48)非破坏性地移除,通过施加内压成型为最终轮廓,并且通过塑料注塑包覆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于
所述型芯(48)具有至少一个分支。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,
其特征在于
在内压施加之前,借助于至少一个处置设备(56)、特别是机器人使得所述中空纤维结构(46)成为接近最终轮廓的形状。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的方法,
其特征在于
由增强纤维(24)和热塑基质纤维(26)制成的混合粗纱用作连续纤维(32)。
5.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的方法,
其特征在于
包覆了热塑基质材料(34)的增强纤维(24)用作连续纤维(32)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的一项所述的方法,
其特征在于
短纤维增强塑料用于注塑包覆。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的一项所述的方法,
其特征在于
当编织所述中空纤维结构(46)时,生产出局部不同的壁厚度。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的一项所述的方法,
其特征在于
在施加高内压之前,中空纤维结构(46)被加热至恰好高于所述基质材料的熔点。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的一项所述的方法,
其特征在于
在注塑包覆时,至少一个嵌件(60)也被注塑包覆。
10.一种中空型材部件(10),特别是用于机动车的驾驶舱横向构件,具有中空型材(12),所述中空型材包括至少一个分支(14),通过连续的、有分支的纤维编织物(46)来增强所述中空型材,
其特征在于
所述至少一个分支(14)形成功能件,特别是平台、通道加强件等。
CN201280057458.XA 2011-11-22 2012-10-18 用于生产中空型材的方法以及中空型材部件 Pending CN103946010A (zh)

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