CN103942608A - Optimized dispatching method for wind power farm based wake flow models - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimized dispatching method for a wind power farm based on wake flow models, and belongs to the technical field of wind power farms. The optimized dispatching method includes the steps that (1), an optimized dispatching system for the wind power farm based on the wake flow models obtains on-site wind speed information and wind power unit information; (2), the wake flow models of multiple wind power units in different wind directions are built, and wake flow wind speeds of the n wind power units are calculated; (3), whether power of each wind power unit is the maximum or not is judged, if not, an optimization algorithm for the maximum output power of the wind power farm based on a genetic algorithm is built, and the output power of the whole wind power farm is calculated in an optimizing mode. The optimized dispatching method can obviously improve the output power of the wind power farm, and when a large number of the wind power units are arranged in the wind power farm, the economic benefits brought about by the optimized dispatching system are considerable.

Description

A kind of wind energy turbine set Optimization Scheduling based on wake model

Technical field

The invention belongs to wind-power electricity generation control technology field, particularly a kind of wind energy turbine set Optimization Scheduling based on wake model.

Background technology

Wind-power electricity generation has become the renewable energy power generation mode with commercial competitiveness.Raising, to the utilization factor of limited wind-resources and wind energy turbine set operational efficiency, effectively improves wind energy turbine set electric energy production and becomes the significant problem that wind-powered electricity generation operator faces.Traditional wind-powered electricity generation is controlled, and is mainly that separate unit wind-powered electricity generation unit is carried out to isolated optimum control, and target is the most efficient power stage of separate unit wind-powered electricity generation unit under specified conditions.And in fact, due to the limited space of wind energy turbine set, in fact many typhoons group of motors is not isolated operation, exists mutual effect between wind-powered electricity generation unit, this effect main manifestations is the flow field that upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit can disturb wind-powered electricity generation unit place, downstream, and this phenomenon is called wake effect.Because current wind-power electricity generation mainly occurs with wind energy turbine set (wind-powered electricity generation unit cluster) form, and due to the existence of wake effect, cause exerting oneself of upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit to produce larger impact to downstream wind-powered electricity generation unit output, and this impact is negative often, be that the wind-powered electricity generation unit isolated optimization of exerting oneself in upstream can make its downstream wind-powered electricity generation unit output reduce, this makes the maximizes power control based on separate unit wind-powered electricity generation unit often can not make whole audience power reach optimum.

Summary of the invention

The problem existing for above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of wind energy turbine set Optimization Scheduling based on wake model, it is characterized in that, and the concrete steps of this dispatching method are:

1) the wind energy turbine set Optimal Scheduling based on wake effect, obtains on-the-spot wind speed information and wind-powered electricity generation unit information;

2) the many typhoons group of motors wake model while setting up different wind direction, and calculate the wake flow wind speed of n typhoon group of motors;

3) whether the power that judges every typhoon group of motors is maximum, if not, set up the optimized algorithm of the wind energy turbine set peak power output based on genetic algorithm, optimize and calculate whole Power Output for Wind Power Field.

Wind speed information in described step 1) comprises incoming flow wind speed v ₀and wind direction, wind-powered electricity generation unit packets of information is drawn together wind wheel radius r ₀, wind wheel wind sweeping area A, axial inducible factor a.

Described step 2) concrete steps are:

21) establish straight line l ₀for crossing initial point and being parallel to the straight line that enters flow path direction of wind speed, straight line l _ifor crossing i typhoon group of motors T _iand with straight line l ₀vertical straight line, (x _i, y _i) expression i typhoon group of motors T _icoordinate, β represents inflow angle, the angle that wind speed enters flow path direction and x axle is α, β+α=90 °, from the knowledge of linear function,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{l}_0:y=\left(\tan \mathrm{\α}\right)\·x\\ l_i:y-y_i=-\frac{1}{\tan \mathrm{\α}}(x-x_i)\end{array}\right.;$

By above formula, try to achieve straight line l ₀with straight line l _ithe intersecting point coordinate Q intersecting vertically _i(xi, yi), from true origin O to intersection point Q _idistance L _irepresent, i=1,2, n, n represents the number of units of whole wind energy turbine set apoplexy group of motors; Then to L _icarry out descending sequence, obtain the order windward of every typhoon group of motors;

22) establish straight line l _j' be upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jand be parallel to the straight line that wind speed enters flow path direction, straight line l _j' with straight line l _iintersect vertically, (x _j, y _j) expression j typhoon group of motors T _jcoordinate, from the knowledge of linear function,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{l}_j^{\′}:y=\tan \mathrm{\α}\·(x-x_j)+y_j\\ l_i:y-y_i=-\frac{1}{\tan \mathrm{\α}}(x-x_i)\end{array}\right.i\≠j,i>j,i\≠0,j\≠0;$

The value of j is at i typhoon group of motors T _iwindward order L _ithe sequence number of wind-powered electricity generation unit before; By above formula, try to achieve straight line l _j' with straight line l _ithe intersecting point coordinate Pi intersecting vertically _j(xij, yij), intersecting point coordinate Pi _j(xij, yij) and j typhoon group of motors T _jcoordinate between distance be di _j, intersecting point coordinate Pi _j(xij, yij) and i typhoon group of motors T _icoordinate between distance be d _ji;

23) at intersection point Pi _jthe wake flow radius r of (xij, yij) _jifor:

r _ji＝r ₀+αd _ji；

If r0+r _ji>d _ji, i typhoon group of motors T _iin upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jwake flow in, try to achieve upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit to i typhoon group of motors T _ithe wake flow wind speed v producing _i:

$v_i=\frac{\underset{j=1}{\overset{i-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{v}_{\mathrm{ji}}}{m};$

Wherein, m is to i typhoon group of motors T _iproduce the number of units of the upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit of wake effect; $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{v}_{\mathrm{ji}}=v_0[1-\frac{2}{3}{\left(\frac{r_0}{r_{\mathrm{ji}}}\right)}^2]j=1\\ v_{\mathrm{ji}}=v_j[1-\frac{2}{3}{\left(\frac{r_0}{r_{\mathrm{ji}}}\right)}^2]j\≠1\end{array}\right.,$ V _jifor upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jto i typhoon group of motors T _ithe wake flow wind speed producing; v _jfor upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit is to j typhoon group of motors T _jthe wake flow wind speed producing;

If r0+r _ji<=d _ji, i typhoon group of motors T _inot in upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jwake flow in.

In described step 3), the objective function of optimized algorithm is:

$P=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{P}_i;$

Wherein, the peak power output that P is whole wind energy turbine set; P _ifor the output power of single wind-powered electricity generation unit, P _i=2 ρ v _i ³a (1-a) ²a, ρ represents the density of air.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the wind energy turbine set Optimization Scheduling process flow diagram based on wake model;

Fig. 2 is the computing method of order windward of inflow angle wind-powered electricity generation unit while being 0≤β≤90 °;

Fig. 3 is the 4 typhoon group of motors figure that are arranged along a straight line;

Result of calculation when Fig. 4 (a) is spaced apart 5D for wind-powered electricity generation unit;

Result of calculation when Fig. 4 (b) is spaced apart 7D for wind-powered electricity generation unit;

Comparison diagram when Fig. 4 (c) is 5D and 7D interval;

Fig. 5 is for optimizing the result figure after calculating.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.

Be illustrated in figure 1 the wind energy turbine set Optimal Scheduling process flow diagram based on wake model that the present invention proposes, the concrete steps of this dispatching method are:

First, the wind energy turbine set Optimal Scheduling based on wake effect, obtains on-the-spot wind speed information and wind-powered electricity generation unit information.

The present invention is based on the wind energy turbine set Optimal Scheduling of wake effect, it adopts the system of independent operating or based on existing dispatching system.When adopting the system of independent operating, wind energy turbine set Optimal Scheduling based on wake effect comprises communication system, server system and Optimization scheduling algorithm, communication system is responsible for gathering wind speed information, axial inducible factor a from on-the-spot wind-powered electricity generation unit, server system is that Optimization scheduling algorithm provides support platform, and Optimization scheduling algorithm is mainly used in optimizing the output power of calculating wind-powered electricity generation unit; When based on existing dispatching system, use communications platform and the server platform of existing dispatching system.

Wind-powered electricity generation unit packets of information is drawn together wind wheel radius r ₀, wind wheel wind sweeping area A(is because the wind-powered electricity generation unit of same wind energy turbine set is identical, so wind wheel wind sweeping area A is also identical), axial inducible factor a; On-the-spot wind speed information comprises incoming flow wind speed v ₀and wind direction.

Secondly, the many typhoons group of motors wake model while setting up different wind direction, and calculate the wake flow wind speed of n typhoon group of motors.

When being separate unit wind-powered electricity generation unit and wind speed while vertically blowing to wind wheel, the wake model of setting up separate unit wind-powered electricity generation unit according to Jensen model as the formula (1):

$v=v_0[1-\frac{2}{3}{\left(\frac{r_0}{r_0+\mathrm{ad}}\right)}^2]---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, v represents apart from wind-powered electricity generation unit to be the wake flow speed at d place.

But when calculating many typhoons group of motors, because wind-powered electricity generation unit wake flow above can affect the speed of incoming flow of backwind group of motors, so when setting up the wake model of many typhoons group of motors, must calculate the order windward of each typhoon group of motors, computing method as shown in Figure 2.Set straight line l ₀for crossing initial point and being parallel to the straight line that enters flow path direction of wind speed, straight line l _ifor crossing i typhoon group of motors T _iand with straight line l ₀vertical straight line, (x _i, y _i) expression i typhoon group of motors T _icoordinate, β represents inflow angle, the angle that wind speed enters flow path direction and x axle is α, β+α=90 °.From the knowledge of linear function,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{l}_0:y=\left(\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}\right)\&CenterDot;x\\ l_i:y-y_i=-\frac{1}{\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}}(x-x_i)\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

Through type (2) is tried to achieve straight line l ₀with straight line l _ithe intersecting point coordinate Q intersecting vertically _i(xi, yi), from true origin O to intersection point Q _idistance L _irepresent, i=1,2, n, n represents the number of units of whole wind energy turbine set apoplexy group of motors; Then to L _icarry out descending sequence, obtain the order windward of every typhoon group of motors.

If straight line l _j' be upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jand be parallel to the straight line that wind speed enters flow path direction, straight line l _j' with straight line l _iintersect vertically, (x _j, y _j) expression j typhoon group of motors T _jcoordinate, from the knowledge of linear function,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{l}_j^{\&prime;}:y=\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}\&CenterDot;(x-x_j)+y_j\\ l_i:y-y_i=-\frac{1}{\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}}(x-x_i)\end{array}\right.i\&NotEqual;j,i>j,i\&NotEqual;0,j\&NotEqual;0---\left(3\right)$

The value of j is at i typhoon group of motors T _iwindward order L _ithe sequence number of wind-powered electricity generation unit before; Through type (3) is tried to achieve straight line l _j' with straight line l _ithe intersecting point coordinate Pi intersecting vertically _j(xij, yij), intersecting point coordinate Pi _j(xij, yij) and j typhoon group of motors T _jcoordinate between distance be d _ij, intersecting point coordinate P _ijdistance between the coordinate of (xij, yij) and i typhoon group of motors Ti is d _ji.

According to formula (4), try to achieve at intersection point Pi _jthe wake flow radius r of (xij, yij) _ji:

r _ji＝r ₀+αd _ji（4）

If r ₀+ r _ji>d _ji, i typhoon group of motors T _iin upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jwake flow in, try to achieve upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit to i typhoon group of motors T _ithe wake flow wind speed v producing _i:

$v_i=\frac{\underset{j=1}{\overset{i-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{v}_{\mathrm{ji}}}{m}---\left(5\right)$

According to formula (1), try to achieve $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{v}_{\mathrm{ji}}=v_0[1-\frac{2}{3}{\left(\frac{r_0}{r_{\mathrm{ji}}}\right)}^2]j=1\\ v_{\mathrm{ji}}=v_j[1-\frac{2}{3}{\left(\frac{r_0}{r_{\mathrm{ji}}}\right)}^2]j\&NotEqual;1\end{array}\right.,$ V _jifor upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jthe wake flow wind speed that i typhoon group of motors is produced; v _jfor upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit is to j typhoon group of motors T _jthe wake flow wind speed producing; M is to i typhoon group of motors T _iproduce the number of units of the upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit of wake effect;

If r0+r _ji<=d _ji, i typhoon group of motors T _inot in upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jwake flow in.

Finally, judge whether the output power of every typhoon group of motors is maximum, if not, the optimized algorithm of the wind energy turbine set peak power output of foundation based on genetic algorithm, optimizes and calculates whole Power Output for Wind Power Field.

Judgement output power maximum is the process of a continuous optimizing, incoming flow wind speed and direction for a kind of state, inducible factor combination that may be current makes output power maximum, but when incoming flow wind speed and direction change, must combine to make output power to reach maximum from newly seeking new inducible factor.Said power maximum refers under same incoming flow wind speed and direction state have multiple inducible factor combination, but only have wherein one group to meet output power maximum.

The whole wind energy turbine set peak power output of take is objective function, sets up the Power Output for Wind Power Field optimized algorithm based on genetic algorithm, the relation between inducible factor and wind-powered electricity generation unit output power as the formula (6):

$P=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{P}_i---\left(6\right)$

Wherein, the peak power output that P is whole wind energy turbine set; P _ifor the output power of single wind-powered electricity generation unit, P _i=2 ρ v _i ³a (1-a) ²a, ρ represents the density of air.

Embodiment 1

The 4 typhoon group of motors of a certain actual wind energy turbine set of take are research object, set up 4 typhoon group of motors wake effect models.Arranging as shown in Figure 3 between 4 typhoon group of motors, 4 typhoon group of motors are arranged along a straight line.In two kinds of situation, the first situation is that to be spaced apart 5D(D be rotor diameter to wind-powered electricity generation unit in the calculating of 4 typhoon group of motors wake models) time calculating, result of calculation is as shown in Figure 4 (a); The second situation is the calculating of wind-powered electricity generation unit while being spaced apart 7D, and result of calculation as shown in Figure 4 (b).Fig. 4 (c) is the wake flow result of calculation comparison diagram of wind-powered electricity generation unit while being spaced apart 5D and 7D, and from scheming, wake effect when wake effect during 5D is greater than 7D, meets wind energy turbine set practical operation situation.

Then according to Optimal Parameters and objective function, build genetic algorithm, in optimized algorithm, take inducible factor a as Optimal Parameters, its span is between [0,0.33].Initialization inducible factor a=[0.33,0.33,0.33,0.33], incoming flow wind speed v ₀=8m/s, wind-powered electricity generation unit radius r ₀=34m, rotor diameter D=70.5m, wind-powered electricity generation unit is spaced apart 7D, and the algebraically of genetic algorithm was 100 generations, and generation gap is 0.9.It is with inducible factor and the incoming flow wind speed of optimizing the rear whole wind-powered electricity generation unit of calculating, as shown in table 1 before contrast optimization calculating,

Table 1 is optimized front and back comparative analysis

?	Before optimization	After optimization
			Inducible factor	[0.330.330.330.33]	[0.070.170.180.24]
Incoming flow wind speed	[85.784.203.01]	[87.306.645.87]
			Output power	1.479e6(W)	1.645e6(W)

By table 1, can find out, after being optimized by the inventive method, Power Output for Wind Power Field has improved 11.22%.When wind energy turbine set apoplexy group of motors quantity is more, the economic benefit that Optimal Control System of the present invention produces is considerable.

The above; be only the present invention's embodiment preferably, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.

Claims (4)

1. the wind energy turbine set Optimization Scheduling based on wake model, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of this dispatching method are:

1) the wind energy turbine set Optimal Scheduling based on wake effect, obtains on-the-spot wind speed information and wind-powered electricity generation unit information;

2) the many typhoons group of motors wake model while setting up different wind direction, and calculate the wake flow wind speed of n typhoon group of motors;

3) whether the power that judges every typhoon group of motors is maximum, if not, set up the optimized algorithm of the wind energy turbine set peak power output based on genetic algorithm, optimize and calculate whole Power Output for Wind Power Field.

2. a kind of wind energy turbine set Optimization Scheduling based on wake model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the wind speed information in described step 1) comprises incoming flow wind speed v ₀and wind direction, wind-powered electricity generation unit packets of information is drawn together wind wheel radius r ₀, wind wheel wind sweeping area A, axial inducible factor a.

3. a kind of wind energy turbine set Optimization Scheduling based on wake model according to claim 2, is characterized in that described step 2) concrete steps be:

21) establish straight line l ₀for crossing initial point and being parallel to the straight line that enters flow path direction of wind speed, straight line l _ifor crossing i typhoon group of motors T _iand with straight line l ₀vertical straight line, (x _i, y _i) expression i typhoon group of motors T _icoordinate, β represents inflow angle, the angle that wind speed enters flow path direction and x axle is α, β+α=90 °, from the knowledge of linear function,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{l}_0:y=\left(\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}\right)\&CenterDot;x\\ l_i:y-y_i=-\frac{1}{\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}}(x-x_i)\end{array}\right.;$

By above formula, try to achieve straight line l ₀with straight line l _ithe intersecting point coordinate Q intersecting vertically _i(xi, yi), from true origin O to intersection point Q _idistance L _irepresent, i=1,2, n, n represents the number of units of whole wind energy turbine set apoplexy group of motors; Then to L _icarry out descending sequence, obtain the order windward of every typhoon group of motors;

22) establish straight line l _j' be upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jand be parallel to the straight line that wind speed enters flow path direction, straight line l _j' with straight line l _iintersect vertically, (x _j, y _j) expression j typhoon group of motors T _jcoordinate, from the knowledge of linear function,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{l}_j^{\&prime;}:y=\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}\&CenterDot;(x-x_j)+y_j\\ l_i:y-y_i=-\frac{1}{\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}}(x-x_i)\end{array}\right.i\&NotEqual;j,i>j,i\&NotEqual;0,j\&NotEqual;0;$

The value of j is at i typhoon group of motors T _iwindward order L _ithe sequence number of wind-powered electricity generation unit before; By above formula, try to achieve straight line l _j' with straight line l _ithe intersecting point coordinate Pi intersecting vertically _j(xij, yij), intersecting point coordinate Pi _j(xij, yij) and j typhoon group of motors T _jcoordinate between distance be di _j, intersecting point coordinate Pi _j(xij, yij) and i typhoon group of motors T _icoordinate between distance be d _ji;

23) at intersection point Pi _jthe wake flow radius r of (xij, yij) _jifor:

r _ji＝r ₀+αd _ji；

If r0+r _ji>d _ji, i typhoon group of motors T _iin upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jwake flow in, try to achieve upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit to i typhoon group of motors T _ithe wake flow wind speed v producing _i:

$v_i=\frac{\underset{j=1}{\overset{i-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{v}_{\mathrm{ji}}}{m};$

Wherein, m is to i typhoon group of motors T _iproduce the number of units of the upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit of wake effect; $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{v}_{\mathrm{ji}}=v_0[1-\frac{2}{3}{\left(\frac{r_0}{r_{\mathrm{ji}}}\right)}^2]j=1\\ v_{\mathrm{ji}}=v_j[1-\frac{2}{3}{\left(\frac{r_0}{r_{\mathrm{ji}}}\right)}^2]j\&NotEqual;1\end{array}\right.,$ V _jifor upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jto i typhoon group of motors T _ithe wake flow wind speed producing; v _jfor upstream wind-powered electricity generation unit is to j typhoon group of motors T _jthe wake flow wind speed producing;

If r ₀+ r _ji<=d _ji, i typhoon group of motors T _inot in upstream j typhoon group of motors T _jwake flow in.

4. a kind of wind energy turbine set Optimization Scheduling based on wake model according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described step 3), the objective function of optimized algorithm is:

$P=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{P}_i;$

Wherein, the peak power output that P is whole wind energy turbine set; P _ifor the output power of single wind-powered electricity generation unit, P _i=2 ρ v _i ³a (1-a) ²a, ρ represents the density of air.