CN102536652A - Optimized arranging method for wind generator groups in wind farm - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimized arranging method for wind generator groups in a wind farm. The method comprises the following steps: 1, calculating the wind direction frequency of wind in 16 directions at the height of machine set hubs of the wind farm, as well as the direction distribution of effective wind energy density, and drawing a wind direction rose diagram and an effective wind energy rose diagram according to the results; 2, ensuring that the wind generator groups face the main guiding direction of wind directions or the main guiding direction groups of effective wind energy are kept in accordance with each other, so that the rate between the row space and the line space of the wind generator groups are in proportion to the frequency rate between the main guiding direction group and secondary main guiding direction groups of wind directions or wind energy; respectively calculating the generated electrical energy of the two arranging schemes; and confirming a better scheme; and 3, calculating according to row or line space optimized recurrence relational expression (11) of wind generator groups, and carrying out further optimized arrangement. According to the method provided by the invention, the operation of the wind generator groups and the wind resources in the wind farm are matched optimally, so as to collect wind energy to the utmost extent, and acquire maximum upper wire generated electrical energy.

Description

A wind energy turbine set wind-powered electricity generation group of planes is optimized arrangement method

Technical field

The present invention relates to an a kind of wind energy turbine set wind-powered electricity generation group of planes and optimize arrangement method, belong to technical field of wind power generation.

Background technique

The purpose that the optimization of a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes is arranged is to utilize selected type, is implemented in the wake effect of eliminating as much as possible in the limited space scope between unit, and capturing wind energy obtains maximum online generated energy to greatest extent.

As far as being positioned at the wind energy turbine set of level terrain, a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes is arranged the ranks that relate generally to a group of planes towards, ranks spacing etc.The size of the layout of a wind-powered electricity generation unit group of planes, ranks spacing directly influences the generated energy of blower fan; In general ranks are apart from big more, and wake effect is more little, and generated energy is big more; But the size of ranks distance also will influence the length of total scale, current collection circuit and the place road of blower fan layout; Should take into full account the influence factor of each side with regard to site terrian condition, installation platform number during concrete the layout, follow following several principles:

(1) reduces influencing each other between the wind-powered electricity generation unit as far as possible, satisfy row between the blower fan, row apart from requiring;

(2) make full use of soil, wind energy turbine set site, the least possible occupation of land;

(3) take all factors into consideration site landform (like sea wall and shore line), roughness of ground surface, obstacle etc., drop to its influence minimum;

(4) shorten distance between the wind-powered electricity generation unit as far as possible, thereby reduce the length of current collection circuit and road.

The direction of wind distributes and comprises that mainly wind direction distributes and the wind energy direction distributes.A certain wind field, though that wind direction distributes is variant with the distribution of wind energy direction, the inferior dominant direction of the dominant direction of its wind direction and the dominant direction of wind energy, wind direction and the inferior dominant direction of wind energy possibly concentrated and be consistent, also might disperse and inconsistent.According to the deflection in wind-powered electricity generation unit actual motion control, the ranks that the former obviously helps confirming a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes towards.Certainly, the row distance can not be too small, otherwise be prone to form " brattice ", makes that air draft fast decay in back is serious.There is research to think that the minimum column pitch limit value of wind energy conversion system is 2～4 times of impeller diameter.When the dominant direction of wind direction or wind energy and time dominant direction are disperseed and are inconsistent, the ranks that will be unfavorable for confirming a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes towards, also be unfavorable for catching wind energy more.

In order to eliminate wake effect between unit as far as possible, when a group of planes is arranged often line-spacing greater than the row distance.Under the similar condition of identical site area and wind power concentration; Dominant direction and time dominant direction when wind direction; Or the dominant direction of wind energy is when being the angle about 90 ° with time dominant direction; Wake effect is maximum between unit, is most disadvantageous in a group of planes and arranges, and it is very necessary this being carried out the wind-powered electricity generation group of planes optimization research of arranging.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, when the dominant direction and time dominant direction of wind energy turbine set wind direction, or the dominant direction of wind energy is when being the angle about 90 ° with time dominant direction, and how a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes is optimized is arranged.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides an a kind of wind energy turbine set wind-powered electricity generation group of planes to optimize arrangement method, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

1) direction of wind direction frequency in calculating wind energy turbine set unit hub height 16 directions in place (sector) and available wind energy density distributes; Said wind direction frequency accounts for the ratio of full blast to number of times for each wind direction occurrence number; The direction that is called wind direction distributes; The direction of available wind energy density is distributed as the ratio of available wind energy density with comprehensive total available wind energy density of all directions, and the direction that is called available wind energy distributes, and draws wind rose map and available wind energy rose diagram in view of the above; The master of wind direction, inferiorly lead the direction crowd and comprise main, inferior direction and the adjacent both direction thereof of leading, the master of available wind energy, inferiorly lead the direction crowd and comprise main, inferior direction and the adjacent both direction thereof of leading;

2) make a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes towards being consistent with the dominant direction crowd of wind direction or the dominant direction crowd of available wind energy; And in the face of the wind comes from direction; Make that a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes is capable, the column pitch ratio; Be directly proportional with the dominant direction crowd of wind direction and the ratio of time shared frequency of dominant direction crowd; Or be directly proportional with the ratio of time shared frequency of dominant direction crowd with the dominant direction crowd of wind energy; Calculate the generated energy of two arrangement respectively, confirm more excellent scheme;

3) the further optimization of more excellent scheme arranged, press the row or the column pitch optimization recurrence relation formula (11) of a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes and calculate, do further optimization and arrange, the general layout of formation " dredge preceding close back " obtains optimal case,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{N}_{j,j+1}=\sqrt{\mathrm{\β}}{N}_{j-1,j}+\frac{\sqrt{\mathrm{\β}}-1}{2k}\\ \mathrm{\β}=\frac{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_j\right)}}{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_{j-1}\right)}}\end{array}\right.(j=\mathrm{2,3,4}...)---\left(11\right)$

In the formula, N _{J, j+1}---the spacing of j, j+1 capable (row); N _{J-1, j}---the spacing of j-1, j capable (row);

In the formula, h---wind-powered electricity generation unit hub height; z ₀---the site roughness of ground surface; C _t---unit thrust coefficient, dimensionless; U _J-1, U _j,---the wind speed of the wind comes from of the unit of j-1, j capable (row).

The beneficial effect that the present invention reached: method of the present invention; Can make the wind energy resources in operation of a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes and the site scope reach the optimum Match state; Eliminate the wake effect between unit as far as possible, capturing wind energy to greatest extent is to obtain maximum online generated energy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 generally changes sectional drawing for the draught fan impeller upstream and downstream flow field of PARK model;

Fig. 2 is 70m eminence wind energy turbine set wind direction and an available wind energy rose diagram in the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is the wind-powered electricity generation unit thrust curve by formula (2) match;

Fig. 4 is the optimal case schematic representation of arranging of the group of planes in the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 optimizes the arrangement method flow chart for a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes of the present invention.

Embodiment

The ranks of a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes are towards the ratio of, line-spacing and row distance; Should make a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes in running, distribute with the direction of site wind (direction of wind direction or wind energy distributes) reach best and coincide or the state of coupling; Ranks spacing ratio should be by the dominant direction crowd's (3 directions adjacent with principal direction) of wind direction and the ratio of time dominant direction crowd correspondent frequency; Or by the dominant direction crowd of wind energy and recently confirming of time dominant direction train frequency, so could capturing wind energy as much as possible.

Not all interval wind speed, WTGS can both produce power output, for feather WTGS: when the site wind speed reaches incision wind speed V _cThe time, unit just has power output; The site wind speed meets or exceeds rated wind speed V _rThe time unit export with rated power, the part that exceed rated wind speed this moment can not produce power; When the site wind speed surpasses cut-out wind speed V ₀The time, the unit feathering is shut down, inactivity output.That is for WTGS, what power output was arranged only is the wind speed of finite interval, limited amount, is referred to as " effective wind speed V _Ei", by formula (4) value.

$V_{\mathrm{ei}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\&le;V_i<V_c\\ V_i& V_c\&le;V_i<V_r\\ V_r& V_r\&le;V_i\&le;V_o\\ 0& V_i>V_o\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

In the formula, V _c, V _o, V _r---unit is cut, is cut out and rated wind speed V _c, V _oGenerally be respectively 4m/s and 25m/s, 1500kW unit V _rBe generally 13m/s～14m/s, this example type is got 14m/s.

PARK wake model in Denmark

WAsP (WindAtlasAnalysis andApplication Program) the V8.3 software is ignored environment turbulent flow influence, and there is high calculation accuracy the smooth site of environment turbulence intensity low middling.The present invention is based on this model through capable, the column pitch optimization recurrence relation of a theory deduction derivation wind-powered electricity generation group of planes, be used for further optimizing a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes and arrange.

The PARK wake model is at first proposed by N.O.Jensen, expands perfect through Katic et al. according to actual wind field observation data thereafter.This model is theoretical based on power-difference, supposes that the wind speed decay is linear expansion and predicts draught fan impeller rear Flow Field Distribution.

As shown in Figure 1, wind velocity U in the uniform flow field _iThrough draught fan impeller, its downstream wind velocity U _WCalculate by formula (13):

$U_W=U_i[1-(1-\sqrt{1-C_t}){\left(\frac{D}{D+2\mathrm{kx}}\right)}^2]---\left(13\right)$

In the formula, k---wake flow decay diffusion constant calculates by empirical correlation (formula (14));

C _t---unit thrust coefficient, dimensionless; All the other parameters are as shown in Figure 1,

$k=\frac{0.5}{\ln (h/z_0)}---\left(14\right)$

In the formula, h---wind-powered electricity generation unit hub height; z ₀---the site roughness of ground surface.

The variability (decrement) of impeller upstream and downstream wind speed

can be expressed by formula (5).

${\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{U_W}=1-\frac{U_W}{U_i}=(1-\sqrt{1-C_t}){\left(\frac{D}{D+2\mathrm{kx}}\right)}^2---\left(5\right)$

The N of the general available impeller diameter D of wind-powered electricity generation unit capable (row) spacing x doubly calculates (x=ND), considers that simultaneously the unit thrust coefficient is its upper reaches wind velocity U _iFunction, then formula (5) further is written as:

${\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{U_W}=1-\frac{U_W}{U_i}=\frac{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_i\right)}}{{(1+2k{N}_{i,W})}^2}---\left(6\right)$

For ease of deriving the relation of unit capable (row) spacing; Contiguous 3 row (row) units are respectively with j-1, j, j+1 capable (row) expression, and then wind speed decrement is calculated by formula (7) between j-1, j capable (row).

${\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{U_j}=1-\frac{U_j}{U_{j-1}}=\frac{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_{j-1}\right)}}{{(1+2k{N}_{j-1,j})}^2}---\left(7\right)$

Wind speed decrement

meets formula (8) between j, j+1 capable (row).

${\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{U_{j+1}}=1-\frac{U_{j+1}}{U_j}=\frac{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_j\right)}}{{(1+2k{N}_{j,j+1})}^2}---\left(8\right)$

Then

and

The ratio of

$\frac{{\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{U_{j+1}}}{{\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{U_j}}{=\left(\frac{1+2k{N}_{j-1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="j"\; filenames="HDA0000132625670000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}}}{1+2k{N}_{j,j+1}}\right)}^2\&CenterDot;\frac{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_j\right)}}{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_{j-1}\right)}}---\left(9\right)$

Evenly catch energy and long-term safety stable operation for helping the wind-powered electricity generation unit, require impeller upstream and downstream wind speed evenly to decay, promptly require to satisfy following formula

${\left(\frac{1+2k{N}_{j,j+1}}{1+2k{N}_{j-1,j}}\right)}^2=\frac{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_j\right)}}{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_{j-1}\right)}}---\left(10\right)$

Formula (10) further arrangement does

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{N}_{j,j+1}=\sqrt{\mathrm{\&beta;}}{N}_{j-1,j}+\frac{\sqrt{\mathrm{\&beta;}}-1}{2k}\\ \mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_j\right)}}{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_{j-1}\right)}}\end{array}\right.(j=\mathrm{2,3,4}...)---\left(11\right)$

In the formula, N _{J, j+1}---j, j+1 capable (row) spacing;

N _{J-1, j}---j-1, j capable (row) spacing.

Formula (11) is that a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes is capable, column pitch is optimized recurrence formula.This formula of Yi Zhi depends primarily on site scope, wind speed and roughness of ground surface and wind-powered electricity generation machine unit characteristic.

Wind is through behind the blade, and its speed can reduce, i.e. U _j＜U _J-1, because of C _t(U _j)＞C _t(U _J-1), thereby β＞1.Therefore, wind-powered electricity generation unit capable (row) spacing of calculating according to formula (11) presents the general layout of " dredge preceding close back " in the face of predominant wind direction (or main ability direction).

Be that example makes further description with a certain wind energy turbine set WF-X below.

Calculate the frequency and the available wind energy of WF-X wind energy turbine set 70m unit each wind direction of hub height (sector), and draw each wind direction frequency rose diagram and available wind energy rose diagram, respectively like Fig. 2 (a) with (b).。

In the scope of WF-X wind energy turbine set site, draft group of planes arrangement A in view of the above, B lists in table 1.Table 1 is that WF-X wind energy turbine set arrangement A, a B group of planes are towards confirming table with the ranks spacing.

Table 1

Unit is the alternately arrangement of " plum blossom " shape between row, row, with the wake effect between further minimizing unit.

The Denmark 1500kW of Vestas company wind-powered electricity generation unit type thrust curve data can be by formula (2) match, and effect is seen Fig. 3.

C _t＝exp[-0.01(U-V _c) ²-0.15]+0.05(2)

In the formula, V _c---wind-powered electricity generation unit incision wind speed, this type is 4m/s.

Thrust coefficient calculates by formula (3) with the variability of wind speed:

$\frac{d{C}_t}{\mathrm{dU}}=-0.02(U-V_c)\exp [-0.01{(U-V_c)}^2-0.15]---\left(3\right)$

WF-X wind energy turbine set relevant parameter calibration: predominant wind direction (main ability direction) and time predominant wind direction (main ability direction) the about 7.2m/s of mean wind velocity, front and back row (row) wind speed decrement on average about 2.5%; Coastal beach roughness of ground surface z ₀=0.002m has k=0.048; By formula (2) and (11) β=1.0182 are arranged.Then capable, the column pitch of WF-X wind energy turbine set wind-powered electricity generation unit is optimized recurrence relation and is:

N _j，j+1＝1.009N _j-1，j+0.095(j＝2，3，4...) (12)

Calculate WF-X wind energy turbine set wind-powered electricity generation group of planes ranks spacing according to following formula, achievement is listed in table 2.Table 2 is WF-X wind energy turbine set arrangement C line space and column pitch table.

Table 2

Optimized project generated energy and wake flow calculate:

Utilize WAsP V8.3 numerical procedure whole audience annual electricity generating capacity and wake effect, each wind-powered electricity generation unit unit calculating achievement is listed in table 3.Table 3 is unit wake flow and the generated energy calculating achievement of WF-X wind energy turbine set group of planes arrangement C.

Table 3

Whole audience generated energy and wake effect calculating achievement are listed in table 4 in the arrangement.Table 4 is WF-X wind energy turbine set arrangement C wake effect and generated energy achievement summary sheet.

Table 4

According to DL/T 5158-2002, " wind-power electricity generation " and the practical operation situation of having built the wind-powered electricity generation engineering; The generated energy correction of surfing the Net; Each group of planes arrangement of WF-X wind energy turbine set is carried out the electric weight correction; And calculate a corresponding year equivalence respectively according to formula (15), formula (16) and completely send out hour number and generate output coefficient

$T_r=\frac{\mathrm{AEP}}{P_r}---\left(15\right)$

$C_f=\frac{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{P}}{P_r}=\frac{T_r}{T_a}---\left(16\right)$

In the formula, AEP---unit annual electricity generating capacity (Annual Energy Production);

T _a---a year and a day total hour number, be 8760 hours non-leap year, the leap year is 8784 hours;

T _r---with the year hours of operation of unit rated power conversion, i.e. hour number is completely sent out in unit equivalence, also can be referred to as unit unit capacity equivalence generated energy;

---the unit average output power; P _r---unit rated power;

C _f---wind-powered electricity generation unit generation capacity coefficient.

Achievement is listed in table 5.Table 5 is the whole audience online generating index calculating achievement of each arrangement A of WF-X wind energy turbine set, B, C.

Table 5

Wherein group of planes arrangement A is: a group of planes is towards consistent with the predominant wind direction crowd, and row, column pitch ratio are pressed the ratio of predominant wind direction crowd and the shared frequency of inferior predominant wind direction crowd and confirmed (6.00D: 4.03D); Option b is: a group of planes is towards consistent with effective main ability direction crowd, and row, column pitch ratio are pressed the ratio of effectively main ability direction crowd and the shared frequency of inferior effective main ability direction crowd and confirmed (5.95D: 4.44D); Scheme C is: a group of planes is towards consistent with effective main ability direction crowd, and adjacent lines, column pitch ratio are got by formula (12) calculating or table 2 achievement and decided.

By last table following 2 conclusions that are easy to get:

(1) for the WF-X wind energy turbine set, a group of planes of distribute confirming based on the available wind energy direction arrange (option A) that (option b) is superior to distributing and confirm based on wind direction of arranging.

(2) on the basis of above-mentioned optimization, carry out that a group of planes is capable, wake effect has further been eliminated in column pitch optimization (scheme C), can obtain higher generated energy.

Carry out the group of planes optimization benefit evaluation of arranging, table 6 is that each arrangement of WF-X wind energy turbine set is optimized benefit comparison sheet.

Table 6

When pressing existing guideline, (be 7D like row, column pitch ratio: 3D) carry out a group of planes and arrange, the economic benefit of the above-mentioned optimized project of arranging will be more remarkable also to get more disadvantageous ranks spacing combination.

Below disclose the present invention with preferred embodiment, so it is not in order to restriction the present invention, and all employings are equal to replacement or the technological scheme that obtained of equivalent transformation mode, all drop within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a wind energy turbine set wind-powered electricity generation group of planes is optimized arrangement method, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

1) wind direction frequency in 16 directions in calculating wind energy turbine set unit hub height place and the direction of available wind energy density distribute; Said wind direction frequency accounts for the ratio of full blast to number of times for each wind direction occurrence number; The direction that is called wind direction distributes; The direction of available wind energy density is distributed as the ratio of available wind energy density with comprehensive total available wind energy density of all directions, and the direction that is called available wind energy distributes, and draws wind rose map and available wind energy rose diagram in view of the above; The master of wind direction, inferiorly lead the direction crowd and comprise main, inferior direction and the adjacent both direction thereof of leading, the master of available wind energy, inferiorly lead the direction crowd and comprise main, inferior direction and the adjacent both direction thereof of leading;

2) make a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes towards being consistent with the dominant direction crowd of wind direction or the dominant direction crowd of available wind energy; And in the face of the wind comes from direction; Make that a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes is capable, the column pitch ratio; Be directly proportional with the dominant direction crowd of wind direction and the ratio of time shared frequency of dominant direction crowd; Or be directly proportional with the ratio of time shared frequency of dominant direction crowd with the dominant direction crowd of wind energy; Calculate the generated energy of two arrangement respectively, confirm more excellent scheme;

3) the further optimization of more excellent scheme arranged, press the row or the column pitch optimization recurrence relation formula (11) of a wind-powered electricity generation group of planes and calculate, do further optimization and arrange, the general layout of formation " dredge preceding close back " obtains optimal case,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{N}_{j,j+1}=\sqrt{\mathrm{\&beta;}}{N}_{j-1,j}+\frac{\sqrt{\mathrm{\&beta;}}-1}{2k}\\ \mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_j\right)}}{1-\sqrt{1-C_t\left(U_{j-1}\right)}}\end{array}\right.(j=\mathrm{2,3,4}...)---\left(11\right)$

In the formula, N _{J, j+1}---the spacing of j, j+1 capable (row); N _{J-1, j}---the spacing of j-1, j capable (row);

In the formula, h---wind-powered electricity generation unit hub height; z ₀---the site roughness of ground surface; C _t---unit thrust coefficient, dimensionless; U _J-1, U _j,---the wind speed of the wind comes from of the unit of j-1, j capable (row).

Images