CN103918645B - Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium long distance transportation comprehensive preservation processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium long distance transportation comprehensive preservation processing method, described method includes the step that cut-flower sprays fruit wax before shipping.Present invention also offers a kind of test kit processed for cutflower preservation, described test kit includes: 1) Thidiazuron；With 2) select free 8-hydroxyquinoline, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sugar, TritonX and fruit wax form group at least one.Invention further provides the application in cutflower preservation processes of the described test kit.The present invention can significantly increase cut-flower quality after shipping, especially flowering quality and blade freshness quality.

Description

Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium long distance transportation comprehensive preservation processing method

Technical field

The present invention relates to cutflower preservation field, particularly relate to Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower post-harvest fresh-keeping field.

Background technology

Affect Fresh Cutting flower postharvest senescence factor the most numerous and diverse, including such as moisture, protein, sugar, The external source environment such as the endogenous substance factor such as aminoacid, phytohormone and such as temperature, humidity, illumination Factor.

Moisture is the of paramount importance factor affecting Fresh Cutting flower quality.Water metabolism imbalance be cause fresh The main cause that cut-flower is decayed.The water content of most of cut-flowers generally reaches 70%-80%, due to fresh After cut-flower is gathered, the water supply from parent root system, leaf transpiration originally and root system are cut off The water balance set up between water suction is destroyed transpiration rate and causes Water deficit more than water absorption.Fresh-cut The Vase time length of flower depends on the equilibrium relation between water suction and dehydration.Cause Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium old and feeble Be primarily due to what the water stress after adopting caused.The water stress of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium mainly by Blocking in xylem vessel causes.

Protein, sugar and aminoacid are the key factors affecting Fresh Cutting flower quality.Sugar is fresh-cut quirk Interior important nutrient substance, can sustain life activity energy, is also the thing synthesizing multiple organic acid Matter, plays regulatory role the balance of hormone in cut-flower and level.Various flowers are from blooming to during aging Content of soluble protein has declined, and in petal aging course, there is protein simultaneously Degraded and synthesis.Aminoacid also has important impact to cut-flower quality, and some aminoacid is that hormone closes The precursor become, aminoacid the most usually changes intracellular acid-base value, and amino acid whose content increases Add the process that decays the most just indicating Fresh Cutting flower.

Phytohormone is one of major endogeneous controlling organ senescence, and plant is contained within five big classes and plants Thing hormone.The change of phytohormone composition and content causes cellularity to destroy, and makes inclusions degrade, Cause spending a large amount of dehydration and wilting.It is generally believed that ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) promote that petal declines Always, the basic element of cell division (CTK) and gibberellins (GA₃) delay petal is old and feeble, and auxin (IAA) Effect extremely complex, be likely to be of and promote and postpone the dual function that petal is old and feeble.

Flos Chrysanthemi is cut to adopt to be increased when protein content in rear petal starts, and the later stage gradually decreases；When just adopting The respiratory intensity of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is the highest, and bottle drastically declines after inserting, and then increases sharply, occurs one and exhale Inhale peak to be gradually reduced the most again.It is generally believed that Flos Chrysanthemi Fresh Cutting flower is to start atrophy as cutting using flower The standard of flower end-of-life, antistaling agent processes inconspicuous on the impact of cut-flower fresh weight, catalase The difference of the morning and evening that activity luffing and peak value occur finally have impact on the physiological metabolism in cut-flower body Journey.

After Fresh Cutting flower is adopted and cut, people carry out Preservation Treatment, described physics side frequently with physics mode Formula include shearing method in water, stem end burn method, stem end leaching scald method, deep water emergency treatment, water flood, The method of falling pouring etc., but do not have any method to have general applicability, and troublesome poeration, especially It is that rear several method is especially true.

Fresh Cutting flower is after adopting and cutting, through being carried to workshop, the colored machine that sieves sieve flower, classification, rejecting disease Weak fresh idea, tie up, pretreatment fluid processes (freezer), vanning, long-distance transport and final bottle are inserted Etc. a series of links, period, each link also may relate to storage problem.

Processing about pretreatment fluid, pretreatment fluid is after Fresh Cutting flower classification, before storing or bottle are inserted, Carry out the fresh-keeping liquid used by pretreatment, main purpose be promote spray water suction, provide nutrient substance, Sterilizing, reduce ethylene production amount, delay Fresh Cutting flower old and feeble, generally comprise antibacterial, sour and highly concentrated The compositions such as degree sugar.Processing with the high concentration sugar solution short time before storing is to provide energy thing to spray The common method of matter, can improve colored quality, extends the Fresh Cutting flower life-span and guarantees that petal opens. Such as cut rose flower after pretreatment, curved stem incidence rate and fresh weight lose minimizing, scape increases, bottle is inserted Life.Before processing, first process Fresh Cutting flower, such as water with some simple preservation methods Middle shearing method, leaching boiling hot method, otch enlargement method etc., then coordinate the environment of low temperature, high humidity, can make pre- The preservation of Fresh Cutting flower is become apparent from by treatment fluid.

During storage transport, preservation technique and means generally comprise precooling treatment, low temperature and/ Or controlled atmosphere and/or subatmospheric pressure storage, simultaneously in order to reduce the loss of moisture, it is therefore possible to use antiperspirant method Or the measure such as pack.

Antiperspirant method: Fresh Cutting flower is owing to losing the water supply of maternal plant root, and water sorption substantially subtracts Weak, but transpiration is still normally carried out.For alleviating loss of water, before Fresh Cutting flower is preserved, use stone The antiperspirants such as wax, higher alcohol or silicones process, and during can stoping storage, pore all opens, Reducing moisture loss, delay Fresh Cutting flower old and feeble (Yang Lixin, 2002), antiperspirant also has simultaneously The effect of disease prevention.Cut rose flower, fresh-keeping effect fairly obvious (Lin Yan etc., 1997) is processed by this method.

In addition to above-mentioned pretreatment fluid, it is also possible to use and urge out the antistaling agent such as liquid and liquid for immersing in bottle. The Fresh Cutting flower urging out liquid to be to ensure that and to promote the flower bud phase to gather opens fresh-keeping liquid used as soon as possible, Before being commonly used in retail；Liquid for immersing in bottle is that bottle is inserted phase Fresh Cutting flower and carried out used by maintenance process by consumer Fresh-keeping liquid.Its formula components, concentration change with cut-flower kind difference, of a great variety.Many states The own factorial praluction of family.This type of antistaling agent prescription is various, but general applicability is poor, needs basis Particular situation determines the liquid for immersing in bottle used.

At present, the research about Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium post-harvest fresh-keeping is concentrated mainly on antistaling agent composition selection and adopts Post-processing technology aspect, antistaling agent research mainly includes hormonal balance, water tariff collection, sterilizes and press down Several aspect such as bacterium and energy supplement.

(1) water

Primarily serving the purpose of of water maintains Fresh Cutting flower water balance, is the basis of various antistaling agent. Water quality is maximum to Fresh Cutting flower aging effects, F in ordinary tap water^-、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、Ca⁺Deng The toxic effect of the some kinds of Fresh Cutting flower of ion pair.Wherein F^-Impact maximum, gladiolus, fragrant Snowball, African Chrysanthemum is containing 1mg/L F^-Water in be just injured impact, Flos Chrysanthemi, Chinese rose, Antirrhinum majus L. Containing 5mg/L F^-Water in be compromised (Li Xianzhang, 1994).F^-Also to poinsettia and freesia Harmful, Na in water⁺、Cl^-Harmful (Luo Hongyi, 1998) to Chinese rose.Therefore, at the bottle of Fresh Cutting flower During Chaing, it is preferred to use distilled water or deionized water, without be used as boiling from Water (Yang Lixin, 2001), additionally can use and add precipitant, acidulant or preservative and improve Water quality.

(2) carbohydrate

Carbohydrate in antistaling agent is mainly sucrose, fructose and glucose.Sugar in fresh-keeping liquid It is allocated as the substrate of respiration for Fresh Cutting flower and the metabolism energy, there is the effect of balancing carbohydrate, have It is beneficial to improve the quality of Fresh Cutting flower, and then prolongs storage period.Different Fresh Cutting flower or same cut-flower are different Kind is different to the demand of the concentration of sugar in antistaling agent, and the general process time is the longest, the concentration of sugar The lowest (Li Peiqing, 1998).For Fresh Cutting flower of the same race, sugar concentration is followed successively by pretreatment fluid ＞ and urges Flower liquid ＞ liquid for immersing in bottle (Hou Yong etc., 1996).The concentration of sugar is typically 1～5%, and excessive concentration can With damage leaf and petal, and leaf is more easy to be injured than petal, probably due to leaf regulation infiltration The energy force rate petal weaker (Li Xianzhang, 1994) of pressure.Additionally, sugar can be tied with protective wire plastochondria Structure also maintains its function, regulation transpiration and Premeabilisation of cells pressure, promotes water balance, increases water Divide and absorb, postpone the hydrolysis of protein, promote protein and the synthesis of phthalein amine, keep biomembranous Integrity, moreover it is possible to suppress the activity of acc oxidase competitively, postpones the appearance on ethylene peak, Reduce Peroxidase activity, improve cut-flower storage after quality (Gao Yong etc., 1989；Hou Yong etc., 19%；Yang Lixin, 2001；Yin Yilin, 1997).There are some researches show be present in antibacterial, yeast, Trehalose in fungus can be obviously enhanced the water holding capacity of gladiolus so that it is life 2d, but It is easily to cause bract to dry up (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002).

(3) ethylene inhibitor

When research finds many Fresh Cutting flower agings, ethylene emanation dramatically increases, and affects Fresh Cutting flower the oldest Metabolism, accelerate to bloom and senescence process (high pretty equality, 1997；What is taken root, and 1997；Zhang Wei etc., 1994), shelf-life and Vase time are shortened.Ag⁺Can and ethylene receptor combine, emulative press down Ethylene processed produces, and interference ethylene has an effect (Blankenship S M et al, 1993).Use nitre Acid silver, silver acetate, Argylene have obvious preservation to ethylene transition type cut-flower.Wherein STS is less than silver nitrate and silver acetate toxicity, and mobility is strong, and price is low, using effect more preferably quilt (Yin Yilin, 1997) is widely used.STS solution is unstable, easily decomposes, is preferably used while allocating, Configuration proportion is AgNO₃∶Na₂SO₃·5H₂O=1: 4 (Yang Lixin, 2001).

Due to Ag⁺Easily it is oxidized to black precipitate, the again Cl easily and in water^-Form AgCl precipitation, Blocking scape conducting tissue, and Ag⁺Electronegative xylem vessel's wall is had the affine of height Power, is difficult to transport extremely flower portion, causes Ag⁺It is difficult to play its anti-ethylene effect (Luo Hongyi, 1998). Therefore, people search out such as aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), methoxyl group second in recent years Thiazolinyl glycine (MVG), AOAA (AOA), 2,5-NDP, SA (Wu Hongzhi etc., 2001), PPOH (yellow silk floss is good, 1998), spermidine (Wang Hua etc., 1994), CoCe₂, put Line bacterium ketone (Tian Xu etc., 1995), substituted carbamate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, triazole derivative (Zhang Shuyu and Zhu Hong, 2003), trifluoro ammonia prolixity, CPZ, SB (Chen Chunling etc., 1999), NO, NBD、PH₃, DACP, LPE, KP-1 (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002), NISO₄、Co(NO₃)₂、KNO₃、Ca(NO₃)₂、KMnO₄, 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP), pyrosulfite, Thiosulfate (Shi Manrong, 2003) and ethanol etc. are a collection of has reduction ethylene volume and interference ethylene The reagent of effect (Zhang Hua etc., 2000).Wherein, AVG, AOA are ethylene precursor ACC The inhibitor of synzyme, therefore the synthesis of energy ethene suppressing.AOA, AVG can prolong to have research to confirm Long carnation, Antirrhinum majus L., Oriolus chinensis diffusus tail, narcissus, Flos Chrysanthemi flowering time (Li Xianzhang, 1994；Sieve Red skill, 1998).Cycloheximide is protein synthesis inhibitor, has the activity of RNase and strongly presses down Make of (Tian Xu etc., 1995).1mmol/L NiSO₄With Co (NO₃)₂To flowering peach, Chui Sihai The woody cut flower such as Chinese bush cherry, Cuculus polioephalus is fresh-keeping effectively, can extend viewing period 4-9d (Li Peiqing, 1998).Essence Amine and spermidine can be respectively used to fresh-keeping (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002) of Chinese rose and Tang Yingpu.DACP、 LPE, KP-1 oneself be applied to carnation and Antirrhinum majus L., effect and STS close (Li Shuqin etc., 1999). Dianthus carryophyllus, African Chrysanthemum etc. can strengthen its water holding capacity with NO process after adopting, and extend life-span (Peng Yong Grand etc., 2002).

(4) antibacterial

The breeding of microorganism is restricted by solution ph, and microorganism is 6.5～7.2 neutrality at pH value Breeding the fastest in environment, sour environment can suppress it grow, it is however generally that, pH value be 3～4 slotting Flower liquid can preferably suppress bacterial reproduction.In order to more effectively suppress microbial growth, protecting General a kind of antibacterial of at least addition in fresh dose.8-hydroxyl quinoline (8-HQ) and citrate thereof (8-HQC) and sulfate (8-HQS) be antistaling agent to use most common wide-spectrum bactericide, often Concentration at about 300mg/L (Li Xianzhang, 1994), this type of material is except having fungus, antibacterial Outside strong lethal effect, the also effect of souring soln, can make to be dissolved into from stem foot incision Tannin inactivation in liquid for immersing in bottle, thus suppress microbial growth, prevent scape conduit physiology Blocking (summer suitable equality, 1997).

Other antibacterial also has silver nitrate, silver acetate, copper sulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium hypochlorite, Asia Sodium bisulfate, potassium permanganate, boric acid, sulfur, phenol, acetic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, glass Clap acid, citric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, aspirin (second phthalein salicylic acid), salicylic acid, a- Sulfenyl pyridine-1-oxide and salt, maleficent acid hydrazides, a-propanol, butanol, ethanol, spy (TBZ) more than gram, carbendazim, captan, halogen organic compound, quaternary ammonium compound, MEI-PU, BCDMH、DICA、6-BA、HgCl₂, three rings sound of crying or vomiting, nickel sulfate, Alumen, Sal, etc. (marquis Brave etc., 19%；Luo Hongyi, 1998；Li Shuqin etc., 1999；Yang Lixin, 2001；Zhang Shuyu etc., 2003).In addition to above-mentioned substance, zeolite, silica gel, Linesless charcoal, activated carbon (Zhang Shuyu and Zhu Hong, 2003) Deng to degerming same effectively.

(5) growth regulator

Plant growth agent is widely used in flower fresh-keeping central (HalevyA is H.1995), common Have the basic element of cell division (CTK), auxin (IAA), brassinosteroid, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) etc..

The basic element of cell division (CTK) is to apply wider plant growing to adjust on Fresh Cutting flower is fresh-keeping at present Joint agent, such as kinetins (KT), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), zeatin (zeatin), different Pentenyl gland former times (IPA) etc. can delay Flos Chrysanthemi, carnation (Li Xianzhang, 1994), Chinese rose, non- Continent chrysanthemum, An Zuhua, Flos Tulipae Gesnerianae, Oriolus chinensis diffusus tail, Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw. (Zhang Wei etc., 1991), six go out flower, Bulbus Lilii (thunder Refined perfume (or spice) etc., 2003) aging (Li Donglin etc., 1999) of a lot of Fresh Cutting flower such as.6-BA is to Flos Chrysanthemi Having suppression to breathe and old and feeble effect with carnation, 6-BA can alleviate the cut rose flower moisture side of body significantly Compel, improve internal water balance, promote that cut-flower is open.6-BA can delay the chlorosis of leaf, can Solution has decided the Fresh Cutting flower such as flower, Bulbus Lilii and has cut the problem (Li Xianzhang, 1994) that leaf plant leaf blade turns yellow. 6-BA and salicylic acid are with the use of water balance internal during improving cut flower vase, and effectively Suppression solute extravasation, extends the Fresh Cutting flower life-span.

Auxin (IAA) is typically used in mixed way with the basic element of cell division.Additionally, gibberellins (GA), N-dimethyl succinate (B₉), chlorocholine chloride (CCC), maleic hydrazide (MH), triacontanol be also It is usually used in the fresh-keeping growth regulator of Fresh Cutting flower (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002).IAA promotes ethylene synthesis, Aging is acted on because of different Fresh Cutting flower and different concentrations different.It can extend Tang Chang Pu and the life-span of Nopalxochia ackermannii, and promote carnation senescence；To Rose Cutting, some kinds promote Entering aging, some kind slow down aging, to pay special attention to when therefore using IAA, it is fresh to difference The mechanism of action of cut-flower also needs to study (Wu Hongzhi etc., 2001) further.Paclobutrazol (PP333) Good application prospect (Li Donglin etc., 1999) is had in cutflower preservation.

Brassinosteroid is a kind of sterols hormone with basic element of cell division effect, and concentration is 10^-2-10^-3During mg/L, the life-span of gladiolus can be extended, and 10^-5Mg/L then has promotion aging effect (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002).It is fresh-keeping that its synthetic analog epi-brassinolide also has been used for Chinese rose.

6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) extends the life-span (Paul of Fresh Cutting flower by improving moisture absorption R.E., 1985), process carnation with the 6-BA of 5mg/L, the synthesis of ethylene can be affected, reduce Ethylene emanation, makes the long 7d of Vase time (Cook, 1985).During various Fresh Cutting flower aging, ABA A large amount of generations, high level CTK can suppress ABA, block ethylene synthesis, improve Fresh Cutting flower quality, Slow down aging process, reaches fresh-keeping purpose (Zhang Wei, 1991).Li Tang examines (1992) and then thinks, 6-BA can promote that ethylene produces, but can reduce breathing rate and reach fresh-keeping.

Thidiazuron (TDZ) can induce outer implant to occur from Callus formation to somatic embryo A series of differential responses, have auxin and the specific function of basic element of cell division dual function.In recent years Come by research TDZ, it has been found that by regulation endogenous plant growth hormone, it acts on TDZ, or Person be induction stress physiology produced indirect action, it can also regulate membrane structure, energy level, Alimentation and assimilation (Xu Xiaofeng, 2003).

(6) inorganic salt

Such as KNO such as the inorganic salts of K, Ca, Al, Ag, Ni, Co, B, Zn, Cu, Mn etc.₃、 KCl、K₂SO₄、KH₂PO₄、Ca(NO₃)₂、Al₂(SO₄)₃、ANgO₃、NiCl₂、NiSO₄、 CoCl₂、NH₄NO₃、MnSO₄Etc. the turgescence of the osmotic potential and petal cell that can increase solution, Be conducive to maintaining spray water balance, and then keep the attitude that opens spent, extend Vase time. A large amount of salts have preservation to fresh-cut Huadu, but it is different to process Fresh Cutting flower kind, and salt used is not With and, fresh-keeping effect is the most different.

Wherein, Ca⁺Can stabilate membrane structure, promote petal ethylene evolution (Gerslerod A R, 1999)。Ca⁺With+K⁺Use with and can stop Cut Carnation Flower scape deliquescing and elbow phenomenon, 1mg/L occur Ca(NO₃)₂The Vase time (Li Xianzhang, 1994) of bulb class Fresh Cutting flower can be extended；Have been reported that Claim, 2.5mg/L Ca (NO₃)₂The Vase time of Chinese rose；CO²⁺Can synthesize by ethene suppressing, anti-mistake Oxidation；Mn²⁺The effect of tool scavenging activated oxygen (soup good fortune is strong, and 1994；Wang Zhonglan, 1997)； Al³⁺The pH value of liquid for immersing in bottle can be reduced, suppress growth of microorganism, reduce transpiration, regulate moisture Balance (Gozczynska, 1989), Al₂(SO₄)₃Be used for Chinese rose, Tang Yingpu fresh-keeping (Luo Hongyi, 1998)；B³⁺Be conducive to the transport of the sugar of carnation, sweet pea, to Antirrhinum majus L., chrysanthemum Flower, Tang Shoupu are the most unhelpful；1.5g/L NiCl₂Process iris 10min ratio AgNO₃Effect more Good, possible Ni²⁺Have and sterilize and the effect of ethene suppressing generation, but (Lee unhelpful to Flos Tulipae Gesnerianae Charter, 1994).The salts such as sodium hypochlorite, bleach, polysorbas20 such as are also had to help as wetting agent Fresh Cutting flower is helped to absorb water (Yang Lixin, 2001).

(7) organic acid and its esters

Citric acid, arabo-ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and its esters etc. are all more common guarantors Fresh dose of composition (Hou Yong etc., 1996).Organic acid except the pH value of antistaling agent can be reduced, antibacterial work With in addition, also has its specific function, as antioxidant, free radical scavenger and ethylene inhibitor Deng.Wherein, citric acid is the organic acid that range of application is the widest, it to Chinese rose, Flos Chrysanthemi, carnation, Tang Gepu, crane hope that Lan Dengdou has good fresh-keeping effect；100mg/L arabo-ascorbic acid and sodium salt thereof The Vase time (Li Donglin etc., 1999) of Chinese rose, carnation, Antirrhinum majus L. can be extended；Ascorbic acid The Vase time (the Soviet Army etc., 1991) of freesia can be extended as antioxidant, but accelerate broccoli Old and feeble (leaf Chen Liang etc., 1996)；Sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid can significantly slow bottle and insert phase Fresh Cutting flower The decline of protein content, reduces the accumulation of Lipid peroxidation metabolism product MDA, maintains the integrity of film (Wang Hua etc., 1994)；Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, as antioxidant and free radical scavenger, can reduce The generation of ethylene, delays carnation, narcissus, Oriolus chinensis diffusus tail, the aging of Flos Chrysanthemi, but (Lee invalid to Chinese rose Charter, 1994；Luo Hongyi, 1998)；Salicylic acid can reduce Lipid peroxidation metabolism, maintains biomembrane merit Can, ethene suppressing generates, and delays Chinese rose old and feeble (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002).

Flos Chrysanthemi (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) is China's tradition famous flower, and kind provides , there are nearly 3000 long cultivation histories in source and abundant, and cultivar is various, and defines Strong Chrysanthemum Culture.Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is one of big cut-flower in the world four, occupies in world's cut-flower produces The biggest share, within 2010, China's Flos Chrysanthemi cultivated area reaches 4122 hectares, and sales volume reaches 500,000,000 yuan, Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is the main Fresh Cutting flower kind that China's export is earned foreign exchange.

Concentration is compared in the distribution of China's Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium grown place, cut-flower localization of production, remaining between strange land Lack complementary main by the way of long distance transportation, after long-time transport, can frequently result in spray rehydration Rear flowering is obstructed or open overruns, and causes flower to wilt, come off, leaf presenility, withered, Stem and leaf yellow, the problem such as Vase time attenuating, the loss caused is up to 30～40%.Therefore, research and development Practicable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium post-harvest fresh-keeping technology, to be lost after reducing the adopting of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium to greatest extent, To promoting Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower product quality, improve flowers Business Economic Benefit and there is important practice significance.

The present inventor studies Fresh Cutting flower post-harvest fresh-keeping technology up to the more than ten years, and system has grasped cut-flower The opening of chrysanthemum and senescence characteristics, be advantageously selected for the antistaling agent composition of environment, obtained by orthogonal test Obtained proportion optimizing, it is thus achieved that the especially long-time remote cold chain stream of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower post-harvest fresh-keeping Optimum efficiency fresh-keeping in Tong.

Summary of the invention

For the problems referred to above present in cut-flower post-harvest fresh-keeping, at clear and definite cut-flower post-harvest fresh-keeping especially On the basis of the fresh-keeping reason gone wrong in Cold Chain Circulation, the present inventor has invented a kind of cut-flower Long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method and with described method with the use of test kit.The present invention is Realize by following technical solution.

1, a kind of cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method, described method includes before shipping to institute State cut-flower and spray the step of fruit wax；Preferably, described cut-flower is Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower.

2. the method as described in technical scheme 1, wherein, described in spray fruit wax and adopt at described cut-flower and cut Before carry out.

3, the method as described in technical scheme 1 or 2, wherein, described fruit wax is with fruit wax and the body of water Long-pending ratio is 1: 10 to 1: 100, preferably 1: 20 to 1: 50, and the solution of most preferably 1: 30 sprays Execute.

4, the method as according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 3, wherein, described method also includes The pretreatment fluid containing Thidiazuron is used to carry out inserting the step of process after cut-flower is adopted.

5, the method as described in technical scheme 4, wherein, the Thidiazuron in described pretreatment fluid dense Degree is 0.01mg/L to 0.5mg/L, preferably 0.05mg/L to 0.1mg/L, most preferably 0.1 mg/L。

6, the method as described in technical scheme 4 or 5, wherein, described pretreatment fluid also comprises and is selected from At least one of the group being made up of 8-hydroxyquinoline, citric acid and ascorbic acid；

Preferably:

The content of described 8-hydroxyquinoline is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L；

The content of described citric acid is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L；And/or

The content of described ascorbic acid is 5 to 500mg/L.

7, the method as according to any one of technical scheme 4 to 6, wherein, described pretreatment fluid enters One step comprises at least one of the group of choosing freely sugar and TritonX composition；

Preferably:

The content of described sugar is 1g/L to 100g/L；And/or

The content of described TritonX is 0.1ml/L to 10ml/L.

8, the method as according to any one of technical scheme 4 to 7, wherein, described method includes: Precooling treatment is carried out while being inserted in described pretreatment fluid by described cut-flower；

Preferably, the temperature of described precooling treatment is 2 DEG C to 6 DEG C；

It is further preferred that the time of described precooling treatment is 6 hours to 12 hours.

9, a kind of test kit processed for cutflower preservation, wherein, described test kit includes:

1) Thidiazuron；With

2) free 8-hydroxyquinoline, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sugar, TritonX and fruit wax composition are selected Group at least one.

10, the application in cutflower preservation processes of the test kit described in technical scheme 9；Preferably, Described cut-flower is Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower.

The described pretreatment fluid of the present invention can extend the viewing period of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, delays flowering speed Rate, keeps the bud green of blade and stem stalk, is particularly well-suited to cutting in remote long-time Cold Chain Circulation Flower chrysanthemum blade and flower fresh-keeping, and the equal environmental sound of ingredient.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 shows the present invention photo by grade flower each in Flos Chrysanthemi flowering grade classification. Flos Chrysanthemi flower open levels is divided into 11 grades by the present invention, wherein: 1 grade is wrapped up fresh idea 2/3 for sepal, Petal hugs；2 grades are wrapped up fresh idea 1/2 for sepal, and petal hugs；3 grades are wrapped up fresh idea 1/3 for sepal, Petal hugs；4 grades have 1-3 sheet to tilt for petal, and other petals hug；5 grades is that fresh idea is loose, But do not reveal the heart；6 grades is petal outer microtube exhibition, can slightly see fickle in love；7 grades for outside petal, which floor becomes In erecting, expose major part fickle in love；8 grades erect completely for outer layer petal, fickle in love all expose；9 Level is unfolded for outer three layers of petal, and overall fresh idea becomes cup-shaped；10 grades is outer layer petal horizontal development, high Degree is less than time outer layer petal, and internal layer petal is rolled up；11 grades is that outer layer petal is sagging, and internal layer petal is complete Portion stretches.Typically gather in 2 grades time, have most ornamental value for 5-9 level, 11 Just ornamental value is lost after Ji.

Fig. 2 shows each photo waiting grade blade in blade grade classification of the present invention.The present invention according to The degree of viewing and admiring of blade have employed the method for comprehensive marking, and wherein, 5 are divided into optimum, 2 points and following then For losing ornamental value.Scoring criterion is as follows: 5 points: upright blade, and color is green, does not has any Huang Change wilting phenomenon；4 points: firmly but uprightly, color is green, without yellow wilting phenomenon for blade；3 points: Wilting or yellow occurs in the blade of 20-40%, and leaf color starts to shoal；The blade of 2 points: 40-60% goes out Existing yellow is wilted；1 point: 60% occurs wilting or yellow with blade.

Fig. 3 shows that variable concentrations fruit wax sprays the situation of change of fresh idea openness after process.Wherein A1 is for spraying fruit wax 1: 10 diluent；A2 is for spraying fruit wax 1: 30 diluent；A3 is for spraying fruit wax 1: 50 diluent；Comparison processes for not spraying antistaling agent.

Fig. 4 shows that to spray under time-triggered protocol fresh idea during Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium bottle is inserted in fruit wax difference open The change of degree.Wherein, Fig. 4 A shows the change curve of fresh idea openness；Fig. 4 B shows the 5th The opening status of it and the 7th day fresh idea.

Fig. 5 shows that different Preservation Treatment is on the impact of flower diameter during slotting of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium bottle.Its In, Fig. 5 A is flower diameter change curve；Fig. 5 B is the 3rd day, the 5th day and the 9th variola The situation that head is open.Wherein C1 is preharvest spraying fruit wax 1: 30 aqueous solution+adopt rear pretreatment fluid (TDZ Concentration is 0.05mg/L), C2 is preharvest spraying fruit wax 1: 30 aqueous solution+adopt rear pretreatment fluid (TDZ Concentration is 0.1mg/L), C3 is preharvest spraying fruit wax 1: 30 aqueous solution+adopt rear pretreatment fluid (TDZ Concentration is 0.05mg/L).Being processed as contrast with pretreatment fluid, wherein TDZ concentration is 0.05mg/L.

Fig. 6 shows that different fresh-keeping combination is on the impact of fresh idea openness during slotting of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium bottle.

Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium leaf when Fig. 7 shows lower 5th day of different antistaling agent combinations, the 7th day and the 9th day The fresh-keeping effect of sheet.

Fig. 8 shows that different Preservation Treatment is (eastern to Japan from Beijing after defeated 14 days of actual sea land transportation Capital) flower and blade fresh-keeping effect.Wherein Fig. 8 A is C2 process, i.e. preharvest spraying 1: 30 fruit Wax diluent+adopt rear pretreatment fluid process (TDZ concentration is 0.1mg/L)；Fig. 8 B is B2 process, I.e. at preharvest spraying 1: 30 fruit wax diluent；Fig. 8 C processes for adopting rear pretreatment fluid, wherein TDZ Concentration is 0.05mg/L；Fig. 8 D is control treatment, does not i.e. use the process of any antistaling agent.

Detailed description of the invention

Some nouns this area occur initially below are described as follows.

Cut-flower (or referred to as Fresh Cutting flower): broad sense be shear off on plants specialize in flower arrangement and The plant branch of Floriculture Design, leaf, the general designation of Hua Heguo.Narrow sense refers to from flowering to necessarily Stage shear off, there is the in vitro spray necessarily viewing and admiring the time limit.The present invention is without spy Not pointing out, cut-flower all takes broad sense.

Fresh-preservative: refer to regulate Fresh Cutting flower (Qie Ye) Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism, reach to recognize For regulation Fresh Cutting flower and senescence process, minimizing ventilation loss, improve circulation quality or view and admire quality etc. The chemical agent of purpose.Antistaling agent can be divided into pretreatment fluid, flower forcing liquid and liquid for immersing in bottle according to purposes. Its basic function is acid-base value, the antagonism aging functions of hormones in regulation plant, sterilizes or anti- Bacterium, delay floral leaf to fade, supplement sugar source and improve water balance.Main component include water, sugar, Antibacterial or antibacterial, surfactant, plant growth regulator, metal ion and solubility without Machine salt etc..

Pretreatment fluid: also known as pulse liquid, processes for the first time and is usually after Fresh Cutting flower is gathered 24 hours Within carry out, i.e. grower after Fresh Cutting flower is gathered to before selling, or consolidator from plantation In person's hands after consolidating the load before transport, carrying out the process of short time in conjunction with rehydration, its effect can be prolonged always Continuing consumer by cut-flowers in bottle in water, main purpose is to reduce storing to wait each circulation ring The loss of joint, improves circulation quality, extends Vase time.Generally comprise antibacterial, sour and highly concentrated The compositions such as degree sugar.Before processing, first process Fresh Cutting flower with some simple preservation methods, as Shearing method, leaching boiling hot method, otch enlargement method etc. in water, then coordinate the environment of low temperature, high humidity, can make The preservation of Fresh Cutting flower is become apparent from by pretreatment fluid.

Precooling treatment: pre-cooling is mainly carried out, sometimes wholesale before ornamental plant is transported or before storage Or auction marketplace also makees the short time and process, main purpose is by fast cooling, reduces ornamental plant Adopt the loss in the rear process of circulation, improve circulation quality.It is first link of Cold Chain Circulation, also It it is the first step creating low temperature environment.

Pretreatment fluid processes: by tying up complete bouquet as cold preservation in freezer, temperature with 2-4 DEG C be Good, give pretreatment fluid pulse in pre-cooling simultaneously and process, the time was preferred with 6-12 hour, after treatment Fresh Cutting flower life-span when bottle is inserted in the future will extend compared with not processing.

Cold Chain Circulation: refer to Fresh Cutting flower product from gathering, pre-cooling, preserve, transport and sale etc. is each Individual link is carried out the most at low temperatures, is preferable circulation style, is also to circulate after Fresh Cutting flower product is adopted Developing direction.

The transport of ornamental plant product: long distance transportation, low coverage can be divided into according to transportation range From transport and the most wholesale sale three types.Can be divided into again according to transportation means overland transport, Sea transport and air transportation.The trade of inter-State ornamental plant product, mostly is remote fortune Defeated, mostly rely on air transportation means；Some of them weight, resistance to transportability good ornamental plant Then use sea transport to transport (also known as shipping) means such as Flos Chrysanthemi.

Sea transport: also known as shipping, uses frozen products insulated container more.SST is the most relative with humidity Stable, ship navigates by water in the sea and almost without causing the big vibration of product physiological reaction, sexual Can good frozen products insulated container time, sea-freight should be preferable means of transportation.

Needing exist for explanation, the descriptive purpose of these nouns is for the ease of understanding the present invention, Rather than in order to limit the present invention.And these explanations are all explanatory rather than restricted, It is less that these nouns are redefined.It practice, these nouns all have art technology The implication that personnel are generally understood that.

Hereafter the detailed description of the invention of the present invention will be further detailed.

In a first aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method, Described method includes the step that described cut-flower sprays fruit wax before shipping.

Some preferred embodiment in, described in spray fruit wax be before cut-flower is gathered (herein Sometimes it is referred to as " before adopting " to carry out).Within such as 3 hours before adopting, carried out to 72 hours, preferably Carried out to 36 hours 12 hours the previous days adopting, within such as 24 hours before adopting, carry out.

In the present invention, really wax sprays the most in liquid form.Described liquid can be to comprise fruit wax Solution or emulsion.For example, it is possible to by fruit wax according to the volume ratio of fruit wax and water be 1: 10 to Be configured to liquid mixture at 1: 100, then sprays.The scope of described volume ratio include therein arbitrarily Ratio and subrange.Such as, described volume ratio can be 1: 10,1: 15,1: 20,1: 25,1: 30, 1: 35,1: 40,1: 45,1: 50,1: 60,1: 70,1: 80,1: 90 or 1: 100.Described volume ratio It is preferably 1: 20 to 1: 50, most preferably 1: 30.

In some embodiments, described method is additionally included in after cut-flower is gathered (the most sometimes It is referred to as " after adopting ") use the pretreatment fluid containing Thidiazuron to carry out inserting the step of process.

Generally, gather to transport in Fresh Cutting flower, usually Fresh Cutting flower will be carried out at pre-cooling Reason, to remove field heat, thus prevents Fresh Cutting flower aging too fast.Such as, by Fresh Cutting flower in freezer In carry out cooling process.In the present invention, it is preferred to Fresh Cutting flower is inserted while precooling treatment Equipped with in the container of pretreatment fluid.When this have the advantage that the process without increasing pretreatment fluid Between, in the case of not increasing the Cold Chain Circulation time, i.e. complete pretreatment fluid absorb.If it addition, The temperature of pretreatment fluid is reduced to the temperature of freezer in advance, and such as 2 DEG C to 6 DEG C, Fresh Cutting flower absorbs Can make to carry out inside Fresh Cutting flower fast cooling during the pretreatment fluid of low temperature, thus it is pre-to reduce Fresh Cutting flower Time needed for cold treatment link, it is thus achieved that reduce the additional benefit of Cold Chain Circulation time.

Some preferred embodiment in, the concentration of the Thidiazuron in described pretreatment fluid is 0.01mg/L to 0.5mg/L, this scope includes arbitrary value therebetween and subrange.Described concentration example As can be 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08,0.09,0.1, 0.2,0.3,0.4 or 0.5mg/L.Preferably, described concentration 0.05mg/L to 0.1mg/L, Most preferably 0.1mg/L.About most preferred scheme, it is a discovery of the invention that without spraying fruit Wax, and individually use the pretreatment fluid comprising Thidiazuron to process, with 0.05mg/L's after adopting Thidiazuron concentration obtains optimum efficiency.But spraying fruit wax and combining at described pretreatment fluid In the case of reason, inventors have surprisingly discovered that, pretreatment fluid contains the Thidiazuron timeliness of 0.1mg/L Fruit significantly than Thidiazuron containing 0.05mg/L time effective.The present inventor's supposition is probably and sprays The migration of the Thidiazuron optimal concentration during really wax causes pretreatment fluid, but do not know and specifically act on machine Reason.

Some preferred embodiment in, described pretreatment fluid also comprise choosing free 8-hydroxyquinoline, At least one in the group of citric acid and ascorbic acid composition.

Preferably, the content of described 8-hydroxyquinoline is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L, is preferably 100mg/L to 500mg/L, most preferably 200mg/L.This scope include arbitrary value therein and Subrange.The most described content can be 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90, 100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,900 or 1000mg/L.

Also it is preferred that the content of described citric acid is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L, it is preferably 100mg/L to 500mg/L, most preferably 200mg/L.This scope include arbitrary value therein and Subrange.The most described content can be 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90, 100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,900 or 1000mg/L.

Also it is preferred that the content of described ascorbic acid is 5 to 500mg/L, preferably 50mg/L To 200mg/L, most preferably 100mg/L.This scope includes arbitrary value therein and subrange. The most described content can be 5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100, 200,300,400 or 500mg/L.

It addition, described pretreatment fluid can comprise in the group of choosing freely sugar and TritonX composition further At least one.

Also it is preferred that the content of described sugar is 1g/L to 100g/L, preferably 5g/L is extremely 50g/L, most preferably 10g/L.This scope includes arbitrary value therein and subrange.Such as described Content can be 1,2,5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 or 100g/L.

Also it is preferred that the content of described TritonX is 0.1ml/L to 10ml/L, preferably 1 Ml/L to 5ml/L, most preferably 2ml/L.This scope includes arbitrary value therein and subrange. The most described content can be 0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0, 8.0,9.0 or 10ml/L.

In some embodiments, described method is included in and described cut-flower is inserted into described pretreatment Precooling treatment is carried out while in liquid.Preferably, the temperature of described precooling treatment is 2 DEG C to 6 DEG C, Such as 2,3,4,5 or 6 DEG C.

Also it is preferred that the time of described precooling treatment is 6 hours to 12 hours, for example, 6, 7,8,9,10,11 or 12 hours.

In a second aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of reagent processed for cutflower preservation Box, wherein, described test kit includes: Thidiazuron；With select free 8-hydroxyquinoline, citric acid, At least one in the group of ascorbic acid, sugar, TritonX and fruit wax composition.Preferably, described Test kit include Thidiazuron, really wax and select free 8-hydroxyquinoline, citric acid, ascorbic acid, At least one in the group of sugar and TritonX composition.It may further be preferable that described test kit includes Thidiazuron, really wax, 8-hydroxyquinoline, citric acid, ascorbic acid and choosing freely sugar and TritonX group At least one in the group become.

Reagent in described test kit can exist, such as solid powder as solid or liquid End is deposited, or with neat liquid reagent storage, or deposit with mixed solution or emulsion, or join Make stock solutions to deposit, or be configured to the solution containing final utilization concentration or content.Separately Outward, in these reagent, in addition to fruit wax needs individually to deposit, other reagent can individually divide Open and deposit, or mix and deposit, or be configured to mix mother solution and deposit, or be configured to Working solution (each reagent concentration or content are described above) is deposited.

About each reagent employing in test kit is all known substance, can be by commercially available.

Wherein, for Thidiazuron (being sometimes abbreviated as TDZ), may be by regulating plant endogenous growth Hormone works, or to stress physiology, induction plant is produced indirect action, can preferably adjust Ganglion cell's membrane structure, has the double grading of the basic element of cell division and auxin.Research in the present invention Middle discovery, TDZ can affect the change of the intracellular flow of water, cuts postponing Fresh Cutting flower especially Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium The flowering of flower has preferable effect.

It addition, 8-hydroxyquinoline is to use most common wide-spectrum bactericide in antistaling agent, thin by seizing Copper in bacterium and iron ion, play bactericidal action.In antistaling agent, use 8-hydroxyquinoline, can make The tannin inactivation that cut-flower stem foot incision produces, thus suppress microbial growth, it is to avoid flower Stem catheter blockage.Citric acid is a kind of organic acid, it is possible to reduces the pH value of antistaling agent, remains fresh-keeping The sour environment of agent.Citric acid can not only dissolve 8-hydroxyquinoline, and other compositions can be made abundant It is dissolved in together.Ascorbic acid, also known as VC, is a kind of antioxidant.TritonX (X-100) is one Plant surfactant, promote that flower material absorbs moisture.Sugar has as respiratory substrate and metabolism The energy, it is provided that energy, balancing carbohydrate.In the present invention, described sugar is preferably white sugar.

Really wax is also referred to as fruit fruit glaze agent, allows the food additive kind used in belonging to world wide, It is coated on fruit surface, suppression moisture evaporation, improves fruit storing quality, plays fruit freshness preserving Effect, moreover it is possible to improve surface smoothness and brightness, increase fruited degree of viewing and admiring.

The present inventor intends to utilize film type antiperspirant and fruit wax can form tunicle and be covered in blade With on flower, the function of suppression moisture loss reduces Fresh Cutting flower percentage of water loss in transportation. In initial experiment, employ several antiperspirant test, however, it was found that other anti-transpirations Agent do not play expected from prevent moisture from evaporate effect, the secondary of other even can be brought to make With.But while but having been surprisingly found that fruit wax is able to maintain that Fresh Cutting flower flower open ability after shipping, Delay the open progress of Fresh Cutting flower the most significantly, and make blade keep fresh effect after shipping, Thus extend Fresh Cutting flower view and admire the life-span.

The relevant content of reagent each with test kit has been described in detail, the most in the preceding article at this In do not repeating.

A third aspect of the present invention provides test kit as above answering in cutflower preservation processes With.The especially application in cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method, more preferably at a distance Utilization in transport.Here " at a distance " does not has special implication, and one as understood in the art 's.Such as long distance transportation can be trans-city, transprovincially or transported across country, haulage time can as a example by Such as 2 hours to 10 days, this depended on means of transportation.Means of transportation such as can be transported with train, vapour Car transport, ship transportation or aircraft dispatch etc..

In the present invention, described cut-flower is preferably Compositae Fresh Cutting flower, more preferably Flos Chrysanthemi Fresh Cutting flower, Such as Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium Fresh Cutting flower etc..

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of method that Fresh Cutting flower is carried out Preservation Treatment, Wherein, described method uses pretreatment fluid as above to process.Preferably implement at some In mode, described method includes: the amount of pretreatment fluid as described in every Fresh Cutting flower 5ml to 10ml Fresh Cutting flower is inserted in described pretreatment fluid.In other embodiment, described method is 2 To the described precooling treatment of 6 DEG C, Fresh Cutting flower is inserted in described pretreatment fluid 6 hours little to 12 Time time.

Hereafter by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further detailed, but these will be real Execute example and be only in illustration purpose, be understood not to present invention is limited only to these embodiments.

Embodiment

Test method and material

With Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium ' excellent perfume (or spice) ' for examination material, gardening company of Shuan Hui Xinhua of Beijing provide, in 2012 Field planting on April 14, gathered July 25, carried out the cultivation management that enterprise is conventional.Adopt cut-flower branch Length 90cm, flower diameter about 20mm, openness of gathering is 2 grades, and blade is blackish green, tongue Shape flower not damaged, without the spray of pest and disease damage,

Simulation transport test: by Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium after different Preservation Treatment, first put in 2 DEG C of freezers Processing 6 hours with pretreatment fluid, carry out packaging vanning after taking-up, in placing 2 DEG C of freezers, simulation is long-distance Transport, cold preservation time is 18 days.Carrying out spray rehydration after taking-up and test inserted by bottle, bottle is inserted temperature and is Room temperature 24 DEG C, beta pruning every day once, and is measured flower diameter, is recorded Vase time and flowering Rank and carry out blade fresh-keeping degree scoring, often process 20 repetitions.With without Preservation Treatment And other operates identical Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium as comparison.

Actual shipment is tested: identical with the operational approach of simulation transport, Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium vanning is laggard Row sea transport (shipping), after China transports Japan to, takes pictures to Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium in Japan and sees Survey the fresh-keeping evaluation index that record is relevant.

Testing index

1) Vase time

From bottle is inserted, reach 2 points to the scoring of blade freshness and following or fresh idea openness reaches The natural law experienced during to 11 grades.

2) flower diameter

Flower diameter measures and uses slide gauge (unit is mm) maximum along flower level measurement Crosscutting diameter.

3) flowering rank

Flowering partition of the level is 0-11 level, according to the market demand, gathers in 2 grades time, Have most ornamental value for 5-9 level, just lose ornamental value after 11 grades.1 grade is sepal Parcel fresh idea 2/3, petal hugs；2 grades are wrapped up fresh idea 1/2 for sepal, and petal hugs；3 grades is calyx Sheet parcel fresh idea 1/3, petal hugs；4 grades have 1-3 sheet to tilt for petal, and other petals hug；5 Level is that fresh idea is loose, but does not reveal the heart；6 grades is petal outer microtube exhibition, can slightly see fickle in love；7 grades For outside petal, which floor tends to erecting, expose major part fickle in love；8 grades erect completely for outer layer petal, flower The heart all exposes；Unfolding for outer three layers of petal for 9 grades, overall fresh idea becomes cup-shaped；10 grades is outer layer flower Lobe horizontal development, height is less than time outer layer petal, and internal layer petal is rolled up；11 grades is under outer layer petal Hanging down, internal layer petal all stretches (see Fig. 1).

4) blade fresh-keeping effect

Degree of viewing and admiring according to its blade have employed the method for comprehensive marking, divides from 0-5 and marks, and 5 It is divided into optimum, 2 points and following, for losing ornamental value.Standard is as follows: 5 points: upright blade, Color is green, does not has any yellow wilting phenomenon；4 points: firmly but uprightly, color is green for blade, without yellow Change wilting phenomenon；Wilting or yellow occurs in the blade of 3 points: 20-40%, and leaf color starts to shoal；2 Point: the blade more than 40-60% occurs that yellow is wilted；1 point: wilting occurs in the blade more than 60% Or yellow (see Fig. 2).

5) fresh idea freshness

Fresh idea freshness according to unpack after fresh idea color and wilting degree evaluation be excellent, good, in, Differing from four ranks, the most excellent for pure color, moisture is high, and fresh idea is without wilting phenomenon；Good it is Fresh idea color is purer, wilting phenomenon occurs without wilting or only only a few petal；In be fresh idea face Color presents slight brownization, and wilting phenomenon occurs in small part fresh idea；Poor then present for part fresh idea color Serious brownization, there is wilting phenomenon in major part fresh idea.

Example 1: the spraying test of post-harvest fresh-keeping agent

Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium adopt after transport after due to fresh idea and leaves water loss cause wilt, therefore use spray fruit Wax and another kind of antiperspirant carry out fresh-keeping respectively, to thin at blade and fresh idea surface formation one layer Film, prevents moisture loss.For filtering out the antistaling agent being best suitable for Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, to two kinds of antistaling agents Concentration is adjusted.The selected fruit general entitled Morpholine fatty acid salt fruit wax of wax (GB1248-2010, Researched and developed by Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science).Selected antiperspirant is that a kind of macromolecular compound is (by Beijing Gardens scientific research institution researches and develops), it is a kind of film type antiperspirant, is considered energy during tree grafting growth Reduce the branch and leaf that are that cause because blade face is too rising to wilt, have and effectively keep plant water balance Effect.It is diluted with water to corresponding concentration respectively.Totally 6 kinds of process, are respectively as follows: (1) and spray 1: 10 Really wax dilute solution；(2) 1: 30 fruit wax dilute solution is sprayed；(3) 1: 50 fruit wax dilution is sprayed molten Liquid；(4) 1: 10 antiperspirant dilute solution is sprayed；(5) 1: 30 antiperspirant dilute solution is sprayed； (6) 1: 50 antiperspirant dilute solution is sprayed.Not spray antistaling agent as control treatment, carry out mould Intend transport test.Method is to Vase time, flower diameter, flowering level the most as described above Other and/or blade fresh-keeping effect is observed.

As shown in Table 1, after simulation transport, really the effect of Lasaxing Oilfield (A1～A3) is in every survey Determine the relatively antiperspirant of the advantage in index (A4～A5) to process substantially, show fresh idea openness phase To less, fresh idea freshness is preferable, and the fresh-keeping scoring of blade is higher, and Vase time is relatively long.Its In unpack after fresh idea openness minimum for A2 (really wax 1: 30), the open number of degrees increase only about 1 Level (gathering in 2 grades time), is 3.4 grades, and fresh idea freshness is optimum, and the scoring of blade fresh-keeping effect is 4.6 points, Vase time is the longest, reaches 8.4 days.But, on flower diameter, it has been found that use Fresh idea after Preservation Treatment can not open into more than 70mm, significantly less than control treatment (72.4mm)。

Table 1 Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium sprays the fresh-keeping effect (n=20) that different antistaling agent processes after adopting

Note: in same group, different lowercase alphabets show significant difference (P ＜ 0.05), and the most all forms are the most such.

Bottle insert test find (see Fig. 3), A1～A3 process under fresh idea breakaway speed substantially delay in Comparison.Wherein the breakaway speed of A2 is the slowest, and can reach maximum openness at the 9th day be 9.0 grades； The speed of A3 is slightly faster than A1, A3 and the A1 aperture when the 9th day and is less than A2, respectively reaches 8.7 Level and 8.9 grades.Although antistaling agent sprays can significantly reduce fresh idea breakaway speed, extend Vase time 1-3 days, but contrast post-harvest fresh-keeping processes the cut-flower sprayed and the flower diameter compareed discovery, fresh-keeping The maximum flower diameter that agent sprays process is less, is substantially less than the maximum flower diameter of comparison The maximum fresh idea openness of 72.4mm, A1～A6, all not less than 10 grades, illustrates that spraying antistaling agent has Imitate slow down flowering speed, but also inhibits the abundant open of flower simultaneously.

As shown in Table 2, when the 5th day, A2 fresh-keeping effect is optimum, blade edge and upright, be 4.4 Point, it is better than the blade fresh-keeping effect of A1 and A3；When the 7th day, A2 blade occurred certain Yellow wilting phenomenon, scoring is 3.4 points, more serious yellow wilting phenomenon all occurs in A1 and A3, Scoring is respectively 2.5 and 2.3 points, but is still significantly better than comparison, and comparison blade has lost to be viewed and admired It is worth；When the 9th day, the blade of comparison lost ornamental value, and scoring is 1.6 points, A1 and The blade wilting yellow of A3 is serious, and scoring is respectively 1.9 points and 1.8 points, and the blade scoring of A3 is 2.2 point.We have found that fruit wax A2 (1: 30) sprays and A1 is better than for Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium blade fresh-keeping effect And A3, not only after unpacking, fresh-keeping scoring is higher, all maintains preferably during whole bottle is inserted Fresh-keeping effect.

Table 2 variable concentrations fruit wax sprays process Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium blade freshness and evaluates (n=20)

Summary result shows, the fresh-keeping effect that really wax sprays is significantly better than what antiperspirant sprayed Effect, and the most notable with the fresh-keeping effect of 1: 30 diluent in fruit 3 concentration of wax, open in fresh idea Put and be all substantially better than other concentration in speed and the fresh-keeping degree of blade, it is taken as that this concentration is optimum Spraying concentration.The fresh idea breakaway speed of preharvest spraying antistaling agent is notable relatively slow, but there is also the later stage Can not completely open and meet or exceed 10 grades, the problem that flower diameter is less.

Example 2: preharvest spraying fruit wax sprays fruit wax Contrast on effect after adopting

Owing to spraying fruit wax excellent effect after adopting, but there is flower and can not be open into situation completely, Consider to improve the time sprayed, seek suitably to spray the best period of antistaling agent, be provided with two kinds of sprays Execute scheme: (1) sprays 1: 30 fruit wax diluent after adopting；(2) preharvest spraying 1: 30 fruit wax dilution Liquid, and contrast with not spraying fresh-keeping liquid.It is simulated transport test.

As shown in Table 3, preharvest spraying fruit Lasaxing Oilfield (B2) unpack after fresh idea openness, flower In head and blade freshness and Vase time index the most excellent, spray fruit wax (B1) difference and do not show after adopting Write, be significantly better than comparison.After showing as unpacking, fresh idea openness is relatively small, can maintain 3.0 grades, Fresh idea and blade freshness are high, and Vase time reaches 8.7 days.But contrast finds, B2 is Big flower is diametrically noticeably greater than the flower diameter value (65.3mm) of B1, and assigns in 0.05 level Having arrived significant level, difference is not notable compared with the control, all can open into more than 70mm.

Table 3 fruit Lasaxing Oilfield difference sprays the time impact (n=20) on Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium fresh-keeping effect

Being learnt by Fig. 4 A, different time sprays the fruit wax change shadow for its bottle of openness of fresh idea time slotting Ring notable.Start to Vase time to terminate from the bottle phase of inserting, the process (B2) of preharvest spraying fruit wax Openness was the slowest change in first 5 days, and after the 5th day, speed is accelerated, and reached maximum when the 9th day Openness 10.3 grades；Process (B1) the fresh idea openness sprayed after adopting is the slowest at first 5 days, But can not be the most open in the later stage, reaching maximum openness when the 9th day is 9.3 grades；Comparison Flowering the fastest, and Vase time is the shortest, alreadys more than 10 grades when the 7th day.

Being found by Fig. 4 B, when the 5th day, the fresh idea of comparison was significantly greater than other two process, its In adopt before with adopt after spray fruit wax fresh idea openness without significant difference；When the 7th day, at comparison Reason is relatively big with the fresh idea of preharvest spraying fruit Lasaxing Oilfield, finds in conjunction with Fig. 4 A, at comparison and preharvest spraying The fresh idea of reason is all open into more than 10 grades, and the flower diameter spraying fruit wax after adopting is relatively small, no Can be open up to or over 10 grades.

Different fruit wax antistaling agents sprays the time the most different for blade fresh-keeping effect (table 4). When the 5th day, the effect of two kinds of Preservation Treatment is suitable, and blade is the most bud green and upright；From the 5th day, The blade fresh-keeping effect of B2 (preharvest spraying fruit wax) has been substantially better than B1 (spraying fruit wax after adopting). When the 7th day, B2 blade was hard and without yellow wilting phenomenon, and scoring is 4.0 points, and B1 all occurs in that Certain wilting phenomenon, scoring is 3.5 points；When the 9th day, control treatment occurred in that serious Huang Changing phenomenon, scoring is 1.5 points, and the blade of B1 is wilted more serious, and scoring is 2.3 points, and B2 Blade scoring is 2.8 points, and fresh-keeping effect is substantially better than other and processes.

Table 4 fruit Lasaxing Oilfield difference sprays the time to blade freshness evaluation (n=20)

In sum, spray fruit Lasaxing Oilfield (B1) after adopting and can delay the speed of flowering, but This effect is too strong, to such an extent as to fresh idea cannot open up to or over 10 grades, and fresh idea is relatively Little, ornamental value is relatively low, and Vase time is 8.5 days, and blade fresh-keeping effect is relatively poor；And Preharvest spraying fruit Lasaxing Oilfield (B2), compares the process not spraying antistaling agent, and its flowering speed has Significantly sluggish trend, and can sufficiently open in the later stage, major part reaches 11 grades, and flower is straight Footpath is relatively big, and ornamental value is of a relatively high, and Vase time reaches 8.7 days, and blade fresh-keeping effect is preferable. Therefore it is the best period spraying antistaling agent before gathering, is conducive to the preservation after adopting, it is likely that It is because the Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium before adopting and still carries out vital movement, now spray antistaling agent, on the one hand have Being beneficial to it preferably absorb, still further aspect it also avoid antistaling agent effect and strongly damages it.

The composite test of the different antistaling agent of example 3

The result of study of laboratory early stage finds to use pretreatment fluid can reach relatively in long distance transportation Good fresh-keeping effect, but yet suffer from that fresh idea breakaway speed is too fast and blade fresh-keeping effect is inconspicuous Etc. problem.Therefore consider to combine the effect of preharvest spraying antistaling agent, and to the TDZ in pretreatment fluid Concentration has carried out optimization again, and the pretreatment fluid obtained with early stage is for contrast (being shown in Table 5). Wherein basis pretreatment fluid formula (M): 200mg/L-1 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ)+200mg/L Citric acid (CA)+2ml/L TritonX (Triton X-100)+100mg/L ascorbic acid (VC) + sucrose (10g/L).

Antistaling agent composition in table 5 different antistaling agent combination and concentration

From Fig. 5 A, inserting at bottle and start first 7 days, the flower diameter change that C2 processes is the slowest, The flower diameter growth trend that pretreatment fluid processes is the fastest, and the flower diameter change of C1 and C3 is placed in the middle； When the 7th day, the flower that pretreatment fluid processes reached its flower diameter maximum (69.5mm), its He processes fresh idea and keeps growth trend；When the 9th day, C1 and C3 all reached maximum flower diameter Value, respectively 75.4mm and 78.7mm, C2 the most still keep open trend；When the 11st day, C2 flower diameter reaches 78.2mm, starts afterwards to wilt.From Fig. 5 B, the 3rd day, 5 days, in 9 days, fresh idea opening status is visible, flower diameter and the openness of C2 are the least, the 9th It time, other petals processed begin with sagging trend, and C2 just reaches 10 grades, fresh idea Ornamental value keeps optimal.

It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that different disposal affects obvious difference for Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium fresh idea openness.By Slow to fast breakaway speed be C2, the process of C1, C3, pretreatment fluid, the breakaway speed of C2 slows down More obvious, the breakaway speed that pretreatment fluid processes is very fast, and other process placed in the middle, under all process Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium all open fully meet or exceed 10 grades in the later stage.

As shown in Table 6, the natural law that under different Preservation Treatment, Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium maintains in different flowering grade is also Difference.Wherein in 2-5 level and 9-11 level the two stage, all of process difference is inconspicuous, It is 2 days, illustrates that prepatent period breakaway speed is suitable, and can be the most open to the later stage.And 5-9 level be process between the difference the most obvious stage, C2 is able to maintain that maximum duration reaches 7 days, significantly It is better than C1 (6 days), C2 (6 days) and pretreatment fluid processes (5 days).Vase time reaches 11.2 My god, it is significantly better than C1 (9.8 days), C3 (9.5 days) and pretreatment fluid processes (9.0 days).Bottle The slotting life-span is that C2 ＞ C1 ＞ C3 ＞ pretreatment fluid processes from long to short.

The different Preservation Treatment of table 6 reaches the impact (n=20) of natural law required for different flowering grade to Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium

Note: gather in 2 grades, 2 to 5 grades is that flower does not has complete open season；5 to 9 grades is the optimal period that Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is viewed and admired；9 It it is the open excessive phase to 11.The Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium of statistics more than 80% reaches the time used by respective bins.

Different antistaling agents process the most different for blade fresh-keeping effect (table 7, Fig. 7).5th It time, each to process blade fresh-keeping effect all preferable, and scoring is more than 4 points；When the 7th day, C1-C3 The effect of Preservation Treatment is suitable, blade edge and hard, the blade that pretreatment fluid processes occurs that part is wilted Phenomenon, scoring is 3.6 points；When the 9th day, C2 is hard and fresh-keeping effect preferable, and scoring is 3.8 points, The blade middle and lower part blade of C1 and C3 starts yellow or wilting occur, scoring be respectively 2.9 points and 2.7 points, the middle and lower part yellowing leaf of pretreatment fluid or wilting are relatively serious, and scoring is 2.0 points；? When the 11st day, there is yellow wilting phenomenon in C2 blade middle and lower part blade, and scoring is 2.4 points, and C1 and C3 occurs serious yellow and wilting phenomenon respectively, and scoring is less than 2 points.The leaf that C2 processes Sheet fresh-keeping effect is significantly better than other and processes.

The different Preservation Treatment Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium blade freshness of table 7 evaluates (n=20)

In sum, optimum fresh-keeping treating method is preharvest spraying fruit wax (1: 30) solution, and ties Conjunction carries out pretreatment fluid process [8-HQ (200mg/L)+citric acid (200mg/L)+QULA after adopting Logical (2ml/L)+ascorbic acid (VC) (100mg/L)+sucrose (10g/L)+TDZ (0.1mg/L)]. The average Vase time of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower can be made 11.2 days to reach, most preferably view and admire stage dimension in 5-9 level Holding 7 days, flowering speed is relatively slow in early stage, and the later stage can be the most open, more than 10 grades, and leaf Sheet fresh-keeping effect is obvious.

Example 4 actual shipment is tested

The Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium export base that actual shipment is tested on August 20th, 2013 is maximum in Beijing is northern Gardening company of Jing Shuan grass Xinhua is carried out, and ' excellent perfume (or spice) ' 4 case, from Beijing to have processed white Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium kind Transport is to Japan.Wherein: (1) C2 is to spray fruit wax aqueous solution (1: 30) after pretreatment fluid combination is adopted It is jointly processed by；(2) B2 is preharvest spraying fruit wax aqueous solution (1: 30)；(3) pretreatment fluid processes； (4) any Preservation Treatment is not made, as comparison.

All Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifoliums are cut into otch in water after adopting, stem stalk retains 70 centimeter length, adopts rear room temperature whole Reason classification 2 hours, room temperature are wrapped up 1 hour, are absorbed pretreatment at 2 DEG C while pre-cooling 6 hours Liquid, complete in 12 hours after adopting.2 hours packaging after transport, transport by sea through 14 days from Beijing is to Tokyo.

As shown in Table 8, C2 Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium complies fully with results standard, and fresh-keeping effect is more notable, fresh idea Aperture is minimum, maintains 2.5 grades, and blade is emerald green, and stiffening, fresh idea freshness and blade freshness Scoring is 4.9 points, illustrates that its fresh idea and blade fresh-keeping effect are optimal, and viewing period can arrive 11.1 days, Dramatically increase 2 days than what alone pretreatment fluid processed, significantly improve 5 than the process not using antistaling agent More than it, increased 20%-50% by single of purchasing price, reached 1.8 yuan (Fig. 8 A).B2 The Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium processed meets, after unpacking, the standard of receiving, and fresh idea aperture is relatively small, is 3.1 grades, fresh idea Fresh-keeping effect processes not as pretreatment fluid, and blade keeps bud green, and scoring is 4.6 points, by purchase unit price It is 1.5 yuan/(Fig. 8 B).After the Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium that pretreatment fluid processes is unpacked, fresh idea aperture is less, for 3.4 grades, fresh idea fresh-keeping effect is excellent, and the fresh-keeping effect of blade is not so good as B2, occurs in that least a portion of withering Listless phenomenon, scoring is 4.2 points, is 1.5 yuan/(Fig. 8 C) by purchasing price；Control treatment half flower There is substantial amounts of wilting yellow in the blade of branch, and inferior quality of unpacking, unit price of procurement is minimum, is 1.2 yuan. (Fig. 8 D).

The different Preservation Treatment Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium quality of table 8 actual shipment test and procurement price contrast table

Result after the test of Binding experiment room and actual shipment draws, the Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium developed of use is remote Distance comprehensive preservation processing method can reach optimal unpacking quality after long distance transportation, improves Buying quality and unit price of gathering, remarkable in economical benefits increases.And delay flowering during bottle is inserted Ensure while speed that flower is the most open, keeps fresh idea and the freshness of blade, extend bottle and insert 3-5 days life-span.

Claims (11)

1. a cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method, described method is included in described cut-flower and adopts Before cutting, described cut-flower is sprayed the step of fruit wax and uses containing Thidiazuron after described cut-flower is adopted and cut Pretreatment fluid carries out inserting the step of process；Wherein said cut-flower is Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower, and wherein The concentration of the Thidiazuron in described pretreatment fluid is 0.1mg/L.

The most described fruit wax is with fruit wax and the volume ratio of water Be 1: 10 to 1: 100 solution spray.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described fruit wax is with fruit wax and the volume ratio of water Be 1: 20 to 1: 50 solution spray.

4. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described fruit wax is with fruit wax and the volume ratio of water Be 1: 30 solution spray.

The most described pretreatment fluid also comprises the free 8-of choosing At least one of the group of hydroxyquinoline, citric acid and ascorbic acid composition.

6. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein:

The concentration of described 8-hydroxyquinoline is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L；

The concentration of described citric acid is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L；And/or

The concentration of described ascorbic acid is 5 to 500mg/L.

7. the method as according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein, described pretreatment fluid enters One step comprises at least one of the group of choosing freely sugar and TritonX composition.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein:

The concentration of described sugar is 1g/L to 100g/L；And/or

The concentration of described TritonX is 0.1ml/L to 10ml/L.

9. the method as according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein, described method includes: Precooling treatment is carried out while being inserted in described pretreatment fluid by described cut-flower.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the temperature of described precooling treatment be 2 DEG C extremely 6℃。

11. methods as claimed in claim 10, wherein, the time of described precooling treatment is 6 little Up to 12 hours.