CN103918645A - Long-distance transportation comprehensive refreshing processing method of cut-flower chrysanthemum - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a long-distance transportation comprehensive refreshing processing method of cut-flower chrysanthemum. The method comprises a step of sprinkling fruit wax on a cut-flower before transportation. The invention also provides a kit for carrying out refreshing processing on the cut-flower. The kit comprises (1) thidiazuron and (2) at least one of free 8-hydroxyquinoline, a citric acid, an ascorbic acid, sugar, triton and the fruit wax. The invention further provides an application of the kit in the refreshing processing of the cut-flower. The cut-flower chrysanthemum long-distance transportation comprehensive refreshing processing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the quality after transportation of the cut-flower is observably improved, and especially the flower opening quality and blade freshness quality are improved.

Description

Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium long distance transportation comprehensive preservation processing method

Technical field

The present invention relates to cutflower preservation field, relate in particular to Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower post-harvest fresh-keeping field.

Background technology

Affect fresh cut-flowers postharvest senescence factor very numerous and diverse, comprise the factor such as the endogenous substance such as moisture, protein, sugar, amino acid, plant hormone and external source environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination.

Moisture is the of paramount importance factor that affects fresh cut-flowers quality.Water metabolism imbalance is the main cause that causes fresh cut-flowers to decay.The water content of most of cut-flowers reaches 70%-80% conventionally, due to after fresh cut-flowers gathers, cut off the moisture supply from parent root system, the destroyed transpiration rate of water balance of setting up between blade face transpiration originally and root water uptake is greater than water absorption and causes dehydration to coerce.The bottle of fresh cut-flowers is inserted life-span length and is depended on the balanced relation between water suction and dehydration.The main cause that causes Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium aging is because the water stress after adopting causes.The water stress of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is mainly that the obstruction due to xylem vessel causes.

Protein, sugar and amino acid are the key factors that affects fresh cut-flowers quality.Sugar is important nutriment in fresh-cut quirk, and the activity energy that can sustain life is also synthetic multiple organic acid material, and the balance of hormone in cut-flower and level is played regulatory role.Various flowers all decline to some extent from blooming to content of soluble protein declining period, in petal aging course, have the degraded of protein simultaneously and synthesize.Amino acid also has important impact to cut-flower quality, and some amino acid is the synthetic precursor of hormone, and amino acid has also usually changed intracellular acid-base value, and amino acid whose content increase also just indicates the process that decays of fresh cut-flowers.

Plant hormone is one of main internal cause of controlling organ senescence, and plant corpus contains five large class plant hormones.The change of plant hormone composition and content causes cell structure to be destroyed, and makes inclusion degraded, causes spending a large amount of dehydrations and wilting.It is generally acknowledged, ethene and abscisic acid (ABA) promote petal old and feeble, the basic element of cell division (CTK) and gibberellin (GA ₃) postpone petal aging, and the effect of growth hormone (IAA) is very complicated, may have the double action that promotes and postpone petal aging.

Chrysanthemum is cut to adopt in rear petal when protein content starts to be increased, and the later stage reduces gradually; While just adopting, the respiratory intensity of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is very high, and bottle sharply declines after inserting, and then increases sharply, and occurs that a climacteric finally declines again gradually.It is generally acknowledged, chrysanthemum fresh cut-flowers is to using flower to start the standard that atrophy finishes as cutting flower life, antistaling agent is processed not obvious on the impact of cut-flower fresh weight, and the difference of the morning and evening that catalase activity luffing and peak value occur has finally affected the physiological metabolism process in cut-flower body.

After fresh cut-flowers is adopted and is cut, people often adopt physics mode to carry out Preservation Treatment, described physics mode comprises that burn method, stem end of shearing method in water, stem end soak boiling hot method, deep water emergency treatment, water flood, the method for falling pouring etc., but there is general applicability without any a kind of method, and troublesome poeration, especially rear several method is especially true.

Fresh cut-flowers is after adopting and cutting, through being carried to workshop, sieve colored machine sieve flower, classification, the sick and weak fresh idea of rejecting, tie up, pretreatment fluid is processed (freezer), vanning, long-distance transport and a series of links such as final bottle is slotting, during each link also may relate to storage problem.

About pretreatment fluid, process, pretreatment fluid is after fresh cut-flowers classification, before storing or bottle are inserted, carry out pretreatment fresh-keeping liquid used, main purpose is to promote spray to absorb water, provide nutriment, sterilizing, reduction ethylene production amount, delay fresh cut-flowers aging, generally comprise the compositions such as bactericide, acid and high concentration sugar.Before storing, with the high concentration sugar solution short time, processing is that the common method of energy substance is provided to spray, can improve colored quality, extends the fresh cut-flowers life-span and guarantees that petal opens.As cut rose flower after pretreatment, curved stem incidence and fresh weight lose reduce, scape increases, the slotting life of bottle.Before processing, first with some simple preservation methods, process fresh cut-flowers, as shearing method in water, soak boiling hot method, otch enlargement method etc., then coordinate the environment of low temperature, high humidity, can make pretreatment fluid more obvious to the preservation of fresh cut-flowers.

In the process of storage transportation, preservation technique and means generally comprise precooling treatment, low temperature and/or controlled atmosphere and/or subatmospheric pressure storage, simultaneously in order to reduce the loss of moisture, may adopt the measures such as antitranspirant method or pack.

Antitranspirant method: fresh cut-flowers is owing to having lost the water supply of maternal plant root, and water sorption obviously weakens, but transpiration is still normally being carried out.For alleviating loss of water, before fresh cut-flowers storage, with antitranspirants such as paraffin, higher alcohol or silicones, process, can stop duration of storage pore all open, reduce moisture loss, delay fresh cut-flowers aging (Yang Lixin, 2002), antitranspirant also has the effect of disease prevention simultaneously.By this method, process cut rose flower, fresh-keeping effect fairly obvious (Lin Yan etc., 1997).

Except above-mentioned pretreatment fluid, also may use antistaling agents such as urging out liquid and liquid for immersing in bottle.Urging out liquid is to guarantee and promote fresh cut-flowers that the flower bud phase the gathers fresh-keeping liquid used that opens as soon as possible, is generally used in before retail; To be consumer insert phase fresh cut-flowers to bottle to liquid for immersing in bottle carries out maintenance and process fresh-keeping liquid used.Its formula components, concentration change with cut-flower kind is different, of a great variety.Many national own batch production are produced.This type of antistaling agent prescription is various, but general applicability is poor, need to determine according to specific circumstances used liquid for immersing in bottle.

At present, the research of relevant Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium post-harvest fresh-keeping mainly concentrates on the screening of antistaling agent composition and adopts post-processing technology aspect, and antistaling agent research mainly comprises several aspects such as hormonal balance, moisture maintenance, sterilization and antibacterial and energy supplement.

(1) water

The Main Function of water, for maintaining fresh cut-flowers water balance, is the basis of various antistaling agents.Water quality had the greatest impact to the fresh cut-flowers life-span, F in ordinary tap water ^-, Na ⁺, Mg ²⁺, Cl ^-, Ca ⁺plasma is to the toxic effect of the fresh cut-flowers of some kind.F wherein ^-have the greatest impact, sword lily, sweetalyssum, flameray gerbera is containing 1mg/L F ^-water in the impact of being just injured, chrysanthemum, Chinese rose, snapdragon are containing 5mg/L F ^-water in be subject to harm (Li Xianzhang, 1994).F ^-also harmful to poinsettia and freesia, Na in water ⁺, Cl ^-to Chinese rose harmful (Luo Hongyi, 1998).Therefore, in the slotting process of bottle of fresh cut-flowers, preferably use distilled water or deionized water, if there is no also can use the running water (Yang Lixin, 2001) boiling, can adopt in addition to add precipitating reagent, acidulant or preservative and improve water quality.

(2) carbohydrate

Carbohydrate in antistaling agent is mainly sucrose, fructose and glucose.Sugar in fresh-keeping liquid, as substrate of respiration and the metabolism energy of fresh cut-flowers, has the effect of balance carbon hydrate, is conducive to improve the quality of fresh cut-flowers, and then prolongs storage period.Different fresh cut-flowers or same cut-flower different cultivars are different to the demand of the concentration of sugar in antistaling agent, and the general processing time is longer, and the concentration of sugar is lower (Li Peiqing, 1998) just.For fresh cut-flowers of the same race, sugared concentration is followed successively by pretreatment fluid > flower forcing liquid > liquid for immersing in bottle (Hou Yong etc., 1996).The working concentration of sugar is generally 1～5%, and excessive concentration can be damaged leaf and petal, and leaf more easily injured than petal, may be because leaf regulates the energy force rate petal weaker (Li Xianzhang, 1994) of osmotic pressure.In addition, sugar can also be protected structure of mitochondria and maintain its function, regulates transpiration and Premeabilisation of cells to press, promote water balance, the absorption that moisturizes, postpones the hydrolysis of protein, promotes the synthetic of protein and phthalein amine, keep biomembranous integrality, the activity that can also suppress competitively acc oxidase, postpones the appearance on ethene peak, reduces Peroxidase activity, improve the rear quality of cut-flower storage (Gao Yong etc., 1989; Hou Yong etc., 19%; Yang Lixin, 2001; Yin Yilin, 1997).There are some researches show that the trehalose being present in bacterium, yeast, fungi can significantly strengthen the water retention capacity of sword lily, make its life 2d, but easily cause bract dry up (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002).

(3) ethylene inhibitor

When many fresh cut-flowers agings are found in research, ethene growing amount significantly increases, and affects fresh cut-flowers metabolism, accelerates to bloom and senescence process (high pretty equality, 1997; What is taken root, and 1997; Zhang Wei etc., 1994), shorten the slotting life-span of shelf-life and bottle.Ag ⁺can and ethylene receptor combination, emulative ethene suppressing produces, interference ethene have an effect (Blankenship S M et al, 1993).Use silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver thiosulfate to the obvious preservation of ethene transition type cut-flower tool.Wherein STS is less than silver nitrate and silver acetate toxicity, and mobility is strong, and price is low, and result of use is better widely used (Yin Yilin, 1997).STS solution is unstable, easily decomposes, and is preferably used while allocating, and configuration proportion is AgNO ₃: Na ₂sO ₃5H ₂o=1: 4 (Yang Lixin, 2001).

Due to Ag ⁺easily be oxidized to black precipitate, again the Cl easily and in water ^-form AgCl precipitation, stop up scape conducting tissue, and Ag ⁺the affinity that electronegative xylem vessel's wall is had to height, is difficult for being transported to colored portion, causes Ag ⁺be difficult for its anti-ethene effect (Luo Hongyi, 1998) of performance.Therefore, people search out as amino ethoxy vinyl glycine (AVG), methoxy-ethylene base glycine (MVG), AOAA (AOA), 2 in recent years, 5-NDP, SA (Wu Hongzhi etc., 2001), PPOH (Huang Mianjia etc., 1998), spermidine (Wang Hua etc., 1994), CoCe ₂, cycloheximide (Tian Xu etc., 1995), substituted carbamate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, triazole derivative (Zhang Shuyu and Zhu Hong, 2003), trifluoro ammonia tremnble, CPZ, SB (Chen Chunling etc., 1999), NO, NBD, PH ₃, DACP, LPE, KP-1 (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002), NISO ₄, Co (NO ₃) ₂, KNO ₃, Ca (NO ₃) ₂, KMnO ₄, 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP), pyrosulfite, thiosulfate (Shi Manrong, 2003) and ethanol etc. are a collection of has the reagent that reduces ethene amount and disturb the effect (Zhang Hua etc., 2000) of ethene.Wherein, AVG, AOA are the inhibitor of ethene precursor ACC synzyme, therefore energy ethene suppressing is synthetic.Have and studies confirm that AOA, AVG can extend flowering time (Li Xianzhang, 1994 of carnation, snapdragon, warbler tail, narcissus, chrysanthemum; Luo Hongyi, 1998).Cycloheximide is protein synthesis inhibitor, and the activity of RNase is had to strong inhibition effect (Tian Xu etc., 1995).1mmol/L NiSO ₄and Co (NO ₃) ₂fresh-keeping effectively to woody cut flowers such as flowering peach, hall crabapple flower, cuckoos, can prolong watch period 4-9d (Li Peiqing, 1998).Spermine and spermidine can be respectively used to fresh-keeping (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002) of Chinese rose and Tang Yingpu.Oneself is applied to carnation and snapdragon, effect and STS close (Li Shuqin etc., 1999) DACP, LPE, KP-1.Carnation, flameray gerbera etc. are adopted and with NO, are processed and can strengthen its water retention capacity, life-extending (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002) afterwards.

(4) bactericide

The breeding of microorganism is subject to the restriction of pH, and microorganism is that in 6.5～7.2 neutral environments, breeding is the fastest in pH value, and sour environment can suppress its growth, generally speaking, and better anti-bacteria breeding of the flower arrangement liquid that pH value is 3～4.In order more effectively to suppress growth of microorganism breeding, in antistaling agent, generally at least add a kind of bactericide.8-hydroxyl quinoline (8-HQ) and citrate (8-HQC) thereof and sulphate (8-HQS) are in antistaling agent, to use the most general wide-spectrum bactericide, conventional concentration is at 300mg/L left and right (Li Xianzhang, 1994), this type of material is except fungi, bacterium are had strong lethal effect, also has the effect of souring soln, can make to be dissolved into the tannin inactivation liquid for immersing in bottle from stem foot incision, thereby inhibition microbial growth, prevent that scape conduit physiology from stopping up (suitable equality of summer, 1997).

Other bactericide also has silver nitrate, silver acetate, copper sulphate, aluminum sulfate, clorox, sodium hydrogensulfite, potassium permanganate, boric acid, sulphur, phenol, acetic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, glass to clap acid, citric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, aspirin (second phthalein salicylic acid), salicylic acid, a-sulfenyl pyridine-1-oxide and salt thereof, maleficent acid hydrazides, a-propyl alcohol, butanols, ethanol, TBZ (TBZ), carbendazim, captan, halogen organic compound, quaternary ammonium compound, MEI-PU, BCDMH, DICA, 6-BA, HgCl ₂, three rings sound of crying or vomiting, nickelous sulfate, alum, salt, etc. (Hou Yong etc., 19%; Luo Hongyi, 1998; Li Shuqin etc., 1999; Yang Lixin, 2001; Zhang Shuyu etc., 2003).Except above-mentioned substance, zeolite, silica gel, charcoal, active carbon (Zhang Shuyu and Zhu Hong, 2003) etc. are effective equally to degerming.

(5) growth regulator

Plant growth substance is widely used in fresh flower fresh-keeping central (Halevy A H.1995), common are the basic element of cell division (CTK), growth hormone (IAA), brassinosteroid, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) etc.

The basic element of cell division (CTK) is on keep cut flower fresh, to apply at present wider plant growth regulator, as kinetin (KT), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), zeatin (zeatin), isopentenyl gland former times (IPA) etc. can delay chrysanthemum, carnation (Li Xianzhang, 1994), Chinese rose, flameray gerbera, An Zuhua, tulip, warbler tail, orchid (Zhang Wei etc., 1991), six go out flower, lily (Lei Shuxiang etc., 2003) aging (Li Donglin etc., 1999) of a lot of fresh cut-flowers such as.6-BA has the breathing of inhibition and old and feeble effect to chrysanthemum and carnation, and 6-BA can be alleviated cut rose flower water stress significantly, improves water balance in body, promotes cut-flower open.6-BA can delay the chlorosis of leaf, can solution has decided the fresh cut-flowers such as flower, lily and has cut the problem (Li Xianzhang, 1994) of leaf plant leaf blade flavescence.6-BA and salicylic acid are used in conjunction with and can improve the water balance in body during cut flower vase, and effectively suppress solute and exosmose, and extend the fresh cut-flowers life-span.

Growth hormone (IAA) generally mixes use with the basic element of cell division.In addition gibberellin (GA), N-dimethyl succinate (B, ₉), chlormequat (CCC), maleic hydrazide (MH), triacontanol be also the growth regulator (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002) that is usually used in keep cut flower fresh.IAA promotes ethene to generate, to old and feeble effect because of different fresh cut-flowers different with different working concentration.It can extend the life-span of sword lily and nopalxochia, and promotes carnation old and feeble; To Rose Cutting, some kinds promotes old and feeble, and some kinds delay senility, and while therefore using IAA, will pay special attention to, and it also needs further to be studied (Wu Hongzhi etc., 2001) to the mechanism of action of different fresh cut-flowers.Paclobutrazol (PP333) has good application prospect (Li Donglin etc., 1999) in cutflower preservation.

Brassinosteroid is a kind of sterols hormone with basic element of cell division effect, and concentration is 10 ^-2-10 ^-3during mg/L, can extend the life-span of sword lily, and 10 ^-5mg/L has the aging of promotion effect (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002).Its artificial synthetic analogues epi-brassinolide is also fresh-keeping for Chinese rose.

6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) extends the life-span (Paul R.E., 1985) of fresh cut-flowers by improving moisture absorption, with the 6-BA of 5mg/L, process carnation, can affect the synthetic of ethene, reduce ethene growing amount, make a bottle long 7d of slotting life-span (Cook, 1985).When various fresh cut-flowers are old and feeble, ABA produces in a large number, and high-level CTK can suppress ABA, blocking-up ethene generates, and improves fresh cut-flowers quality, and the process that delays senility, reaches fresh-keeping object (Zhang Wei, 1991).Li Tang examines (1992) and thinks, 6-BA can promote ethene to produce, but can reduce respiratory rate, reaches fresh-keeping.

Thidiazuron (TDZ) can induce explant to be formed into from callus a series of differential responses that somatic embryo occurs, and has the specific function of growth hormone and basic element of cell division double action.In recent years by research TDZ, it is found that TDZ is by regulating its effect of endogenous plant somatotropin, or induce stress physiology to produce indirectly-acting, it can also regulate membrane structure, energy level, nutrient absorption and assimilation (Xu Xiaofeng, 2003).

(6) mineral salt

The inorganic salts of K, Ca, Al, Ag, Ni, Co, B, Zn, Cu, Mn etc. is as KNO ₃, KCl, K ₂sO ₄, KH ₂pO ₄, Ca (NO ₃) ₂, Al ₂(SO ₄) ₃, ANgO ₃, NiCl ₂, NiSO ₄, CoCl ₂, NH ₄nO ₃, MnSO ₄deng the turgescence that can increase osmotic potential and the petal cell of solution, be conducive to maintain spray water balance, and then keep the attitude that opens of flower, extend bottle and insert the life-span.A large amount of salts have preservation to fresh-cut Huadu, but it is different to process fresh cut-flowers kind, salt used different and, fresh-keeping effect is also different.

Wherein, Ca ⁺can stabilate membrane structure, promote petal ethene to discharge (Gerslerod A R, 1999).Ca ⁺with+K ⁺use with and can stop the deliquescing of Cut Carnation Flower scape and elbow phenomenon, 1mg/LCa (NO occur ₃) ₂the bottle that can extend bulb class fresh cut-flowers is inserted the life-span (Li Xianzhang, 1994); Report, 2.5mg/L Ca (NO ₃) ₂the bottle of Chinese rose is inserted the life-span; CO ²⁺can synthesize by ethene suppressing anti-peroxidation effect; Mn ²⁺the effect of tool removing oxygen radical (soup good fortune is strong etc., 1994; Wang Zhonglan, 1997); Al ³⁺can reduce the pH value of liquid for immersing in bottle, suppress growth of microorganism, reduce transpiration, regulate water balance (Gozczynska, 1989), Al ₂(SO ₄) ₃be used for fresh-keeping (Luo Hongyi, 1998) to Chinese rose, Tang Yingpu; B ³⁺be conducive to the sugared transportation of carnation, sweet pea, unhelpful to snapdragon, chrysanthemum, Tang Shoupu; 1.5g/L NiCl ₂process Moth orchid 10min ratio AgNO ₃better effects if, possible Ni ²⁺there is the effect that sterilization and ethene suppressing produce, but to tulip unhelpful (Li Xianzhang, 1994).Also have if the salts such as clorox, bleaching agent, polysorbas20 are as size help fresh cut-flowers water suction (Yang Lixin, 2001).

(7) organic acid and its esters

Citric acid, arabo-ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and its esters etc. are all the antistaling agent compositions (Hou Yong etc., 1996) of commonly using.Organic acid is except reducing the pH value of antistaling agent, beyond bacteriostasis, also has its specific function, as antioxidant, free radical scavenger and ethylene inhibitor etc.Wherein, citric acid is the organic acid that range of application is the widest, and it hopes that to Chinese rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, Tang Gepu, crane Lan Dengdou has good fresh-keeping effect; 100mg/L arabo-ascorbic acid and sodium salt thereof can extend the bottle of Chinese rose, carnation, snapdragon and insert the life-span (Li Donglin etc., 1999); The bottle that ascorbic acid can extend freesia as antioxidant is inserted the life-span (the Soviet Army etc., 1991), but accelerates broccoli old and feeble (Ye Chenliang etc., 1996); Sodium Benzoate and ascorbic acid can significantly slow down a bottle decline for slotting phase fresh cut-flowers protein content, reduce the accumulation of film lipid peroxidation product MDA, maintain the integrality (Wang Hua etc., 1994) of film; Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, as antioxidant and free radical scavenger, can reduce the generation of ethene, delays the aging of carnation, narcissus, warbler tail, chrysanthemum, but to Chinese rose invalid (Li Xianzhang, 1994; Luo Hongyi, 1998); Salicylic acid can reduce film lipid peroxidation, maintains biomembrane function, and ethene suppressing generates, and delays Chinese rose aging (Peng Yonghong etc., 2002).

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) is China's tradition famous flower, and variety source and abundant, has nearly 3000 long cultivation histories, and cultivar is various, and has formed strong Chrysanthemum Culture.Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is one of the world's four large cut-flowers, in world's cut-flower is produced, occupies very large share, and within 2010, China's chrysanthemum cultivated area reaches 4122 hectares, and sales volume reaches 500,000,000 yuan, and Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is the main fresh cut-flowers kind that China's export is earned foreign exchange.

China's Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium grown place distributes more concentrated; cut-flower localization of production; surplus and deficiency between strange land is complementary main by the mode of long distance transportation; after usually can causing spray rehydration after long-time transportation, flowering is obstructed or open overrunning; cause flower wilting, come off, leaf presenility, withered, cauline leaf yellow; bottle is inserted the problems such as life-span attenuating, and the loss causing is up to 30～40%.Therefore, research and develop practicable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium post-harvest fresh-keeping technology, to reduce to greatest extent the rear loss of adopting of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, to promoting Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower product quality, improve flowers Business Economic Benefit and there is important practice significance.

The inventor studies fresh cut-flowers post-harvest fresh-keeping technology and has reached the more than ten years, system has been grasped opening and the senescence characteristics of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, selection is conducive to the antistaling agent composition of environment, by orthogonal experiment, obtain optimization proportioning, obtained fresh-keeping optimum efficiency in the especially long-time remote Cold Chain Circulation of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower post-harvest fresh-keeping.

Summary of the invention

For the problems referred to above that exist in cut-flower post-harvest fresh-keeping, on the basis of the fresh-keeping reason going wrong in clear and definite cut-flower post-harvest fresh-keeping especially Cold Chain Circulation, the kit that the inventor has invented a kind of cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method and has been used in conjunction with described method.The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution.

1, a cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method, described method sprays the really step of wax to described cut-flower before being included in transportation; Preferably, described cut-flower is Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower.

2. the method as described in technical scheme 1, wherein, described in spray fruit wax and adopt before cutting and carry out at described cut-flower.

3, the method as described in technical scheme 1 or 2, wherein, it is 1: 10 to 1: 100 that described fruit wax be take the volume ratio of fruit wax and water, is preferably 1: 20 to 1: 50, the solution that most preferably is 1: 30 sprays.

4, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 3, wherein, described method is also included in cut-flower and adopts the step that pretreatment fluid that rear use contains Thidiazuron inserts processing.

5, the method as described in technical scheme 4, wherein, the concentration of the Thidiazuron in described pretreatment fluid is 0.01mg/L to 0.5mg/L, is preferably 0.05mg/L to 0.1mg/L, most preferably is 0.1mg/L.

6, the method as described in technical scheme 4 or 5, wherein, described pretreatment fluid also comprises at least one that select group that free oxine, citric acid and ascorbic acid form;

Preferably:

The content of described oxine is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L;

The content of described citric acid is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L; And/or

The content of described ascorbic acid is 5 to 500mg/L.

7, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 4 to 6, wherein, described pretreatment fluid further comprises at least one of the choosing group that freely sugared and Qu Latong forms;

Preferably:

The content of described sugar is 1g/L to 100g/L; And/or

The content of described Qu Latong is 0.1ml/L to 10ml/L.

8, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 4 to 7, wherein, described method comprises: in described cut-flower is inserted into described pretreatment fluid, carry out precooling treatment;

Preferably, the temperature of described precooling treatment is 2 ℃ to 6 ℃;

More preferably, the time of described precooling treatment is 6 hours to 12 hours.

9, a kit of processing for cutflower preservation, wherein, described kit comprises:

1) Thidiazuron; With

2) select at least one in the group that free oxine, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sugar, Qu Latong and fruit wax forms.

10, the application of the kit described in technical scheme 9 in cutflower preservation is processed; Preferably, described cut-flower is Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower.

Described pretreatment fluid of the present invention can extend the viewing period of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, delay flowering speed, keep the bud green of blade and stem stalk, be specially adapted to the fresh-keeping of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium blade in remote long-time Cold Chain Circulation and flower, and the equal environmental sound of ingredient.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 has shown that the present invention is by the photo of each grade flower in chrysanthemum flowering grade classification.The present invention is divided into 11 grades by chrysanthemum flower open levels, wherein: 1 grade is sepal parcel fresh idea 2/3, and petal hugs; 2 grades is sepal parcel fresh idea 1/2, and petal hugs; 3 grades is sepal parcel fresh idea 1/3, and petal hugs; 4 grades for petal has the perk of 1-3 sheet, and other petals hug; 5 grades is that fresh idea is loose, but does not reveal the heart; 6 grades is the exhibition of petal outer microtube, can slightly see fickle in love; 7 grades is that outside petal, which floor is tending towards erecting, and exposes most of fickle in love; 8 grades erect completely for outer petal, fickle in lovely all expose; For outer three layers of petal, unfold for 9 grades, whole fresh idea becomes cup-shaped; 10 grades is outer petal horizontal development, and height is lower than inferior outer petal, and internal layer petal is rolled up; 11 grades is that outer petal is sagging, and internal layer petal all stretches.Generally in the time of 2 grades, gather, what wherein have most ornamental value is 5-9 level, just loses ornamental value after 11 grades.

Fig. 2 has shown the photo that respectively waits grade blade in blade grade classification of the present invention.The present invention has adopted the method for comprehensive marking according to the degree of viewing and admiring of blade, wherein, 5 are divided into optimum, 2 minutes and with next for losing ornamental value.Marking standard is as follows: 5 minutes: upright blade, and color is green, without any yellow wilting phenomenon; 4 minutes: blade is not firmly but upright, and color is green, without yellow wilting phenomenon; 3 minutes: wilting or yellow appears in the blade of 20-40%, and leaf look starts to shoal; 2 minutes: yellow wilting appears in the blade of 40-60%; 1 minute: 60% occurs wilting or yellow with blade.

Fig. 3 has shown that variable concentrations fruit wax sprays the situation of change of processing rear fresh idea openness.Wherein A1 is for spraying 1: 10 dilution of fruit wax; A2 is for spraying 1: 30 dilution of fruit wax; A3 is for spraying 1: 50 dilution of fruit wax; Contrast is processed for not spraying antistaling agent.

Fig. 4 shown fruit wax difference spray the time process under Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium bottle insert process in the variation of fresh idea openness.Wherein, Fig. 4 A has shown the change curve of fresh idea openness; Fig. 4 B has shown the 5th day and the opening status of the 7th day fresh idea.

Fig. 5 has shown the impact of different Preservation Treatment on flower diameter in the slotting process of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium bottle.Wherein, Fig. 5 A is flower diameter change curve; Fig. 5 B is the 3rd day, the 5th day and the 9th day open situation of fresh idea.Wherein C1 is 1: 30 aqueous solution of preharvest spraying fruit wax+adopt rear pretreatment fluid (TDZ concentration is 0.05mg/L), C2 is 1: 30 aqueous solution of preharvest spraying fruit wax+adopt rear pretreatment fluid (TDZ concentration is 0.1mg/L), and C3 is 1: 30 aqueous solution of preharvest spraying fruit wax+adopt rear pretreatment fluid (TDZ concentration is 0.05mg/L).With pretreatment fluid, be treated to contrast, wherein TDZ concentration is 0.05mg/L.

Fig. 6 has shown the impact of different fresh-keeping combinations on fresh idea openness in the slotting process of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium bottle.

The fresh-keeping effect of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium blade when Fig. 7 has shown lower the 5th day, the 7th day of different antistaling agents combination and the 9th day.

Fig. 8 has shown that different Preservation Treatment are at the extra large land transportation of reality flower and blade fresh-keeping effect in (from Beijing to Tokyo) after defeated 14 days.Wherein Fig. 8 A is that C2 processes, i.e. 1: 30 fruit wax dilution of preharvest spraying+adopt rear pretreatment fluid to process (TDZ concentration is 0.1mg/L); Fig. 8 B is that B2 processes, at 1: 30 fruit wax dilution of preharvest spraying; Fig. 8 C processes for adopting rear pretreatment fluid, and wherein TDZ concentration is 0.05mg/L; Fig. 8 D is control treatment, does not use the processing of any antistaling agent.

Embodiment

Some nouns that below first this area occurred are described as follows.

Cut-flower (or being called fresh cut-flowers): broad sense is to shear the general designation of specializing in flower arrangement and the plant branch used of Floriculture Design, leaf, Hua Heguo on plants.Narrow sense refer to from flowering to certain stage, shear, there is the in vitro spray of necessarily viewing and admiring the time limit.If the present invention does not particularly point out, cut-flower is all got broad sense.

Fresh-preservative: refer to regulate fresh cut-flowers (Qie Ye) Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism, reach and think adjusting fresh cut-flowers and senescence process, minimizing circulation loss, raising circulation quality or view and admire the chemical agent of the objects such as quality.Antistaling agent can be divided into pretreatment fluid, flower forcing liquid and liquid for immersing in bottle according to purposes.Its basic function be the old and feeble functions of hormones of acid-base value in regulating plant body, antagonism, sterilization or antibacterial, delay floral leaf and fade, supplement sugared source and improve water balance.Main component comprises water, sugar, bactericide or antibacterial agent, surfactant, plant growth regulator, metal ion and soluble inorganic salt etc.

Pretreatment fluid: claim again pulse liquid, processing is for the first time generally within 24 hours, to carry out after fresh cut-flowers is gathered, be that grower arrives before sale after fresh cut-flowers is gathered, or before consolidator transports after consolidating the load from grower's hand, in conjunction with rehydration, carry out the processing of short time, its effect can be extended to consumer by cut-flowers in bottle always till in water, main purpose is to reduce the loss of each intermediate links such as storing, improve circulation quality, extend bottle and insert the life-span.Generally comprise the compositions such as bactericide, acid and high concentration sugar.Before processing, first with some simple preservation methods, process fresh cut-flowers, as shearing method in water, soak boiling hot method, otch enlargement method etc., then coordinate the environment of low temperature, high humidity, can make pretreatment fluid more obvious to the preservation of fresh cut-flowers.

Precooling treatment: precooling is mainly carried out before ornamental plants transportation or before storage, sometimes also does the short time and processes in wholesale or auction marketplace, main purpose is by fast cooling, reduces ornamental plants and adopts the loss in the rear process of circulation, improves circulation quality.Being first link of Cold Chain Circulation, is also the first step of creating low temperature environment.

Pretreatment fluid is processed: will tie up complete bouquet as for refrigerating in freezer, temperature be take 2-4 ℃ as good, in precooling, give pretreatment fluid burst process, the time be take 6-12 hour as good simultaneously, fresh cut-flowers after treatment when bottle is inserted in the future the life-span with do not process and compare prolongation.

Cold Chain Circulation: refer to fresh cut-flowers product from gathering, the links such as precooling, storage, transportation and sale all carries out at low temperatures, is desirable circulation style, is also the developing direction that fresh cut-flowers product is adopted rear circulation.

The transportation of ornamental plants product: can be divided into long distance transportation, closely transportation and wholesale sale three types nearby according to transportation range.According to transportation means, can be divided into again land route transportation, sea route transportation and air transportation.The trade of inter-State ornamental plants product, mostly is long distance transportation, mostly relies on air transportation means; Some of them weight, the ornamental plants that resistance to transportation is good are transported (claiming again shipping) means as chrysanthemum adopts sea route transportation.

Sea route transportation: claim again shipping, adopt frozen products insulated container more.SST and humidity are all relatively stable, and ship does not almost cause again the large vibration of product physiological reaction in navigation in the sea, and when having well behaved frozen products insulated container, sea-freight should be desirable means of transportation.

Here it should be noted that, the object of the explanation of these nouns is for the ease of understanding the present invention, rather than in order to limit the present invention.And these explanations are all indicative, rather than restricted, not more that these nouns are redefined.In fact, these nouns all have the implication that those skilled in the art understand conventionally.

Below will be further detailed the specific embodiment of the present invention.

In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method is provided, described method sprays the really step of wax to described cut-flower before being included in transportation.

Some preferred embodiment in, described in spray fruit wax be (sometimes referred to as " before adopting ", to carry out herein) before cut-flower is gathered.For example within 3 hours to 72 hours before adopting, carry out, preferably carry out adopting 12 hours to 36 hours the previous day, for example, within 24 hours before adopting, carry out.

In the present invention, fruit wax generally sprays with liquid form.Described liquid can be solution or the emulsion that comprises fruit wax.For example, can according to the volume ratio of fruit wax and water, be to be mixed with liquid mixture in 1: 10 to 1: 100 by fruit wax, then spray.The scope of described volume ratio comprises arbitrary proportion and subrange wherein.For example, described volume ratio can be 1: 10,1: 15,1: 20,1: 25,1: 30,1: 35,1: 40,1: 45,1: 50,1: 60,1: 70,1: 80,1: 90 or 1: 100.Described volume ratio is preferably 1: 20 to 1: 50, most preferably is 1: 30.

In some embodiments, described method be also included in cut-flower gather after (be sometimes referred to as herein " adopt after ") use the pretreatment fluid that contains Thidiazuron to insert the step of processing.

Generally, in fresh cut-flowers, gather to transportation, usually will carry out precooling treatment to fresh cut-flowers, to remove field heat, thereby prevent that fresh cut-flowers aging is too fast.For example, fresh cut-flowers is carried out in freezer to cooling processing.In the present invention, preferably in precooling treatment, fresh cut-flowers is inserted in the container of pretreatment fluid is housed.The benefit of doing is like this without the processing time that increases pretreatment fluid, the in the situation that of the time, completes pretreatment fluid and absorbs not increasing Cold Chain Circulation.In addition, if in advance the temperature of pretreatment fluid is reduced to the temperature of freezer, for example 2 ℃ to 6 ℃, fresh cut-flowers can make fresh cut-flowers inside carry out fast cooling while absorbing the pretreatment fluid of low temperature, thereby reduce the fresh cut-flowers precooling treatment required time of link, obtain the additional benefit that reduces the Cold Chain Circulation time.

Some preferred embodiment in, the concentration of the Thidiazuron in described pretreatment fluid is 0.01mg/L to 0.5mg/L, this scope comprises arbitrary value and subrange therebetween.Described concentration can be for example 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08,0.09,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 or 0.5mg/L.Preferably, described concentration 0.05mg/L to 0.1mg/L, most preferably is 0.1mg/L.About most preferred scheme, the present invention finds, if do not spray fruit wax, and after adopting, uses separately the pretreatment fluid that comprises Thidiazuron to process, with the Thidiazuron concentration acquisition optimum efficiency of 0.05mg/L.But spraying fruit wax and process in conjunction with described pretreatment fluid in the situation that, the inventor surprisingly finds, during Thidiazuron that pretreatment fluid contains 0.1mg/L effect significantly than contain 0.05mg/L Thidiazuron time effective.The inventor infers it may is to spray the migration that fruit wax causes the Thidiazuron optimal concentration in pretreatment fluid, but the unclear concrete mechanism of action.

Some preferred embodiment in, described pretreatment fluid also comprises at least one that select in the group that free oxine, citric acid and ascorbic acid form.

Preferably, the content of described oxine is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L, is preferably 100mg/L to 500mg/L, most preferably is 200mg/L.This scope comprises arbitrary value and subrange wherein.For example described content can be 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,900 or 1000mg/L.

In addition preferably, the content of described citric acid is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L, is preferably 100mg/L to 500mg/L, most preferably is 200mg/L.This scope comprises arbitrary value and subrange wherein.For example described content can be 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,900 or 1000mg/L.

In addition preferably, the content of described ascorbic acid is 5 to 500mg/L, is preferably 50mg/L to 200mg/L, most preferably is 100mg/L.This scope comprises arbitrary value and subrange wherein.For example described content can be 5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,200,300,400 or 500mg/L.

In addition, described pretreatment fluid can further comprise at least one in the choosing group that freely sugared and Qu Latong forms.

In addition preferably, the content of described sugar is 1g/L to 100g/L, is preferably 5g/L to 50g/L, most preferably is 10g/L.This scope comprises arbitrary value and subrange wherein.For example described content can be 1,2,5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 or 100g/L.

In addition preferably, the content of described Qu Latong is 0.1ml/L to 10ml/L, is preferably 1ml/L to 5ml/L, most preferably is 2ml/L.This scope comprises arbitrary value and subrange wherein.For example described content can be 0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0 or 10ml/L.

In some embodiments, described method is included in and when described cut-flower is inserted in described pretreatment fluid, carries out precooling treatment.Preferably, the temperature of described precooling treatment is 2 ℃ to 6 ℃, for example 2,3,4,5 or 6 ℃.

In addition preferably, the time of described precooling treatment is 6 hours to 12 hours, for example, be 6,7,8,9,10,11 or 12 hours.

In a second aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of kit of processing for cutflower preservation, wherein, described kit comprises: Thidiazuron; With at least one in the group of selecting free oxine, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sugar, Qu Latong and fruit wax to form.Preferably, described kit comprise Thidiazuron, fruit wax and select free oxine, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sugar and group that Qu Latong forms at least one.Further preferably, described kit comprise Thidiazuron, fruit wax, oxine, citric acid, ascorbic acid and select free sugar and group that Qu Latong forms at least one.

Reagent in described kit can be used as solid or liquid exists, for example as pressed powder, deposit, or with neat liquid reagent storage, or deposit with mixed solution or emulsion, or be mixed with mother liquor form and deposit, or be mixed with the solution that contains final working concentration or content.In addition, in these reagent, except fruit wax need to be deposited separately, other reagent can separately be deposited separately, or mix and deposit, or be mixed with and mix mother liquor and deposit, or be mixed with working solution (each reagent concentration or content are as mentioned above) and deposit.

What about each reagent in kit, adopt is all known substance, can be by commercially available.

Wherein, for Thidiazuron (being sometimes abbreviated as TDZ), may working by regulating plant endogenous growth hormone, or inducing plant is produced to indirectly-acting to stress physiology, can regulate preferably membrane structure, there is the double grading of the basic element of cell division and growth hormone.In research of the present invention, find, TDZ can affect the flow of water in cell to be changed, and the delay fresh cut-flowers especially flowering of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower is had to good effect.

In addition, oxine is in antistaling agent, to use the most general wide-spectrum bactericide, by seizing copper and the iron ion in bacterium, plays bactericidal action.In antistaling agent, use oxine, the tannin inactivation that can make cut-flower stem foot incision produce, thus suppress microbial growth, avoid scape conduit to stop up.Citric acid is a kind of organic acid, can reduce the pH value of antistaling agent, maintains the sour environment of antistaling agent.Citric acid can not only dissolve oxine, and can make other compositions fully be dissolved in together.Ascorbic acid claims again VC, is a kind of antioxidant.Qu Latong (X-100) is a kind of surfactant, promotes flower material to absorb moisture.Sugar has as respiratory substrate and the metabolism energy, and energy is provided, balance carbon hydrate.In the present invention, described sugar is preferably white granulated sugar.

Fruit wax also claims fruit fruit glaze agent, belongs to the food additives kind that allows use in world wide, and it is coated on fruit surface, suppress moisture evaporation, improve fruit storing quality, play fruit freshness preserving effect, can also improve surface smoothness and brightness, increase fruited degree of viewing and admiring.

Inventor's plan utilizes film-type antitranspirant and fruit wax can form tunicle and is covered on blade and flower, and the function that suppresses moisture loss reduces the percentage of water loss of fresh cut-flowers in transportation.In initial experiment, used several antitranspirant to test, but found that other antitranspirants play the effect that prevents moisture evaporation of expection, even can bring other side effect.But but surprisingly find that fruit wax can maintain fresh cut-flowers flower and in open ability, also delay significantly the open progress of fresh cut-flowers, and after transportation, make blade keep fresh effect, thereby extended viewing and admiring the life-span of fresh cut-flowers after transportation.

The content relevant with each reagent in kit have been described in detail in the preceding article, here do not repeating.

A third aspect of the present invention provides the application of kit as above in cutflower preservation is processed.Especially the application in cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method, the more preferably utilization in long distance transportation.Here " at a distance " do not have special implication, and one as understood in the art.For example long distance transportation can be for trans-city, transprovincially or transnational transportation, and haulage time can be for example 2 hours to 10 days, and this depends on means of transportation.Means of transportation such as can train transportation, Automobile Transportation, ship transportation or aircraft dispatch etc.

In the present invention, described cut-flower is preferably composite family fresh cut-flowers, and chrysanthemum fresh cut-flowers more preferably, such as Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium fresh cut-flowers etc.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of fresh cut-flowers being carried out to Preservation Treatment is provided, wherein, described method adopts pretreatment fluid as above to process.Some preferred embodiment in, described method comprises: the amount by pretreatment fluid described in every fresh cut-flowers 5ml to 10ml is inserted into fresh cut-flowers in described pretreatment fluid.In other embodiment, described method in the described precooling treatment of 2 to 6 ℃, fresh cut-flowers is inserted into described pretreatment fluid in time of 6 hours to 12 hours.

Below will to the present invention, be further detailed by specific embodiment, but these embodiment are only in illustrating object, should not be understood to that the present invention only limits to these embodiment.

Embodiment

Test method and material

Take Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium ' excellent perfume (or spice) ' as examination material, by Beijing gardening company of Shuan Hui Xinhua, provided, in field planting on April 14 in 2012, July 25 gathered, and carried out the cultivation management of enterprise's routine.Adopt cut-flower branch length 90cm, flower diameter 20mm left and right, the openness of gathering is 2 grades, blade is blackish green, ligulate flower not damaged, without the spray of damage by disease and insect,

Simulate test: Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, after different Preservation Treatment, is first put into 2 ℃ of freezers and processed 6 hours with pretreatment fluid, pack vanning after taking-up, place simulation long-distance transport in 2 ℃ of freezers, cold preservation time is 18 days.After taking-up, carry out spray rehydration and bottle is inserted test, the slotting temperature of bottle is 24 ℃ of room temperatures, and beta pruning every day once, and is measured flower diameter, and record bottle is inserted life-span and flowering rank and carried out the fresh-keeping degree scoring of blade, 20 repetitions of every processing.To operate identical Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium in contrast without Preservation Treatment and other.

Actual shipment experiment: identical with the method for operating of simulate, after Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium vanning, carry out sea route transportation (shipping), from China transports Japan to, in Japan to the Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium fresh-keeping evaluation index relevant with observational record of taking pictures.

Testing index

1) bottle is inserted the life-span

From bottle inserts, the number of days that reaches 2 minutes and experience when following or fresh idea openness reaches 11 grades to the scoring of blade freshness.

2) flower diameter

Flower diameter is measured and is used slide measure (unit is mm) along the maximum crosscut diameter of flower level measurement.

3) flowering rank

Flowering partition of the level is 0-11 level, according to the market demand, in the time of 2 grades, gathers, and what wherein have most ornamental value is 5-9 level, just loses ornamental value after 11 grades.1 grade is sepal parcel fresh idea 2/3, and petal hugs; 2 grades is sepal parcel fresh idea 1/2, and petal hugs 3 grades for sepal parcel fresh idea 1/3, and petal hugs; 4 grades for petal has the perk of 1-3 sheet, and other petals hug 5 grades for fresh idea is loose, but do not reveal the heart; 6 grades is the exhibition of petal outer microtube, can slightly see that 7 grades fickle in love is that outside petal, which floor is tending towards erecting, and exposes most of fickle in love; 8 grades erect completely for outer petal, fickle in lovely all expose; For outer three layers of petal, unfold for 9 grades, it is outer petal horizontal development that whole fresh idea becomes 10 grades of cup-shapeds, and height is lower than inferior outer petal, and it is that outer petal is sagging that internal layer petal is rolled up 11 grades, and internal layer petal all stretches (seeing Fig. 1).

4) blade fresh-keeping effect

According to the degree of viewing and admiring of its blade, adopted the method for comprehensive marking, from 0-5, divided and mark, 5 are divided into optimum, 2 minutes and with next for losing ornamental value.Standard is as follows: 5 minutes: upright blade, and color is green, without any yellow wilting phenomenon; 4 minutes: blade is not firmly but upright, and color is green, without yellow wilting phenomenon; 3 minutes: wilting or yellow appears in the blade of 20-40%, and leaf look starts to shoal; 2 minutes: yellow wilting appears in the blade that is greater than 40-60%; 1 minute: be greater than 60% blade appearance wilting or yellow (seeing Fig. 2).

5) fresh idea freshness

Fresh idea freshness according to the fresh idea color after unpacking and wilting degree evaluation be excellent, good, in, differ from four ranks, wherein excellent is that color is pure, moisture is high, fresh idea is without wilting phenomenon; Good is that fresh idea color is purer, without wilting or only having only a few petal to occur wilting phenomenon; In for fresh idea color presents slight brownization, there is wilting phenomenon in small part fresh idea; Poor present serious brownization for part fresh idea color, there is wilting phenomenon in most of fresh idea.

Example 1: the spraying test of post-harvest fresh-keeping agent

Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is adopted after rear transportation because fresh idea and blade dehydration cause wilting, and therefore adopts to spray fruit wax and another kind of antitranspirant and carry out respectively fresh-keepingly, to forming thin film at blade and fresh idea surface, prevents moisture loss.For filtering out the antistaling agent of applicable Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium, the concentration of two kinds of antistaling agents is adjusted.The general Morpholine fatty acid salt fruit wax by name of selected fruit wax (GB1248-2010 is researched and developed by Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science).Selected antitranspirant is a kind of macromolecular compound (scientific research institution researches and develops by Ornamental Plants of Beijing District), it is a kind of film-type antitranspirant, be considered to can reduce in tree grafting growth process because of the undue rising branches and leaves that cause in blade face and wilt, there is the effect of effective maintenance plant water balance.Be diluted with water to respectively corresponding concentration.Totally 6 kinds of processing, are respectively: (1) sprays 1: 10 fruit wax dilute solution; (2) spray 1: 30 fruit wax dilute solution; (3) spray 1: 50 fruit wax dilute solution; (4) spray 1: 10 antitranspirant dilute solution; (5) spray 1: 30 antitranspirant dilute solution; (6) spray 1: 50 antitranspirant dilute solution.Take and do not spray antistaling agent as control treatment, carry out simulate test.Then by method as mentioned above, bottle being inserted to life-span, flower diameter, flowering rank and/or blade fresh-keeping effect observes.

As shown in Table 1, after simulate, the advantage of the effect of fruit wax processing (A1～A3) on every testing index processed obviously compared with antitranspirant (A4～A5), show that fresh idea openness is relatively little, fresh idea freshness is better, and the fresh-keeping scoring of blade is higher, and it is relatively long that bottle is inserted the life-span.After wherein unpacking, fresh idea openness minimum is A2 (fruit wax 1: 30), and the open number of degrees have only increased approximately 1 grade (in the time of 2 grades, gathering), are 3.4 grades, and fresh idea freshness is optimum, and the scoring of blade fresh-keeping effect is 4.6 minutes, and the slotting longest-lived of bottle, reaches 8.4 days.But, on flower diameter, we find to use more than the fresh idea after Preservation Treatment can not open into 70mm, have significantly been less than control treatment (72.4mm).

Table 1 Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium sprays the fresh-keeping effect (n=20) that different antistaling agents are processed after adopting

Note: in same group, different lowercase alphabets show significant difference (P < 0.05), below all forms all like this.

Bottle is inserted test and is found (seeing Fig. 3), and the fresh idea breakaway speed under A1～A3 processes obviously delays in contrast.Wherein the breakaway speed of A2 is the slowest, and at the 9th day, can reach maximum openness is 9.0 grades; The speed of A3 is slightly faster than A1, and A3 and the A1 aperture in the time of the 9th day is less than A2, reaches respectively 8.7 grades and 8.9 grades.Although spraying, antistaling agent can significantly reduce fresh idea breakaway speed, extend bottle and insert life-span 1-3 days, yet contrast post-harvest fresh-keeping is processed the cut-flower spraying and is found with the flower diameter contrasting, the maximum flower diameter that antistaling agent sprays processing is less, significantly lower than the maximum flower diameter 72.4mm contrasting, the maximum fresh idea openness of A1～A6 does not all surpass 10 grades, illustrates that spraying antistaling agent has effectively slowed down flowering speed, but has suppressed the abundant opening of flower simultaneously yet.

As shown in Table 2, in the time of the 5th day, A2 fresh-keeping effect is optimum, and blade edge and upright is 4.4 minutes, is better than the blade fresh-keeping effect of A1 and A3; In the time of the 7th day, there is certain yellow wilting phenomenon in A2 blade, and scoring is 3.4 minutes, and more serious yellow wilting phenomenon all appears in A1 and A3, is respectively 2.5 and 2.3 minutes, but be still significantly better than contrast, and contrast blade has lost ornamental value; In the time of the 9th day, the blade of contrast has lost ornamental value, and scoring is 1.6 minutes, and the blade wilting yellow of A1 and A3 is serious, is respectively 1.9 minutes and 1.8 minutes, and the blade scoring of A3 is 2.2 minutes.We find that fruit wax A2 (1: 30) sprays for Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium blade fresh-keeping effect and is better than A1 and A3, and not only after unpacking, fresh-keeping scoring is higher, are all maintaining fresh-keeping effect preferably in the slotting process of whole bottle.

Table 2 variable concentrations fruit wax sprays processes Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium blade freshness evaluation (n=20)

Comprehensive the above results shows, the fresh-keeping effect that fruit wax sprays is significantly better than the effect that antitranspirant sprays, and it is more remarkable with the fresh-keeping effect of 1: 30 dilution in 3 concentration of fruit wax, in fresh idea breakaway speed and the fresh-keeping degree of blade, be all obviously better than other concentration, therefore think that this concentration is optimum spraying concentration.The fresh idea breakaway speed of preharvest spraying antistaling agent is significantly slower, but also exist the later stage, can not completely open and meet or exceed 10 grades, the problem that flower diameter is less.

Example 2: preharvest spraying fruit wax with adopt after spray fruit wax Contrast on effect

Owing to spraying after adopting, fruit wax effect is excellent, but exists flower can not be open into situation completely, considers to improve the time spraying, and seeks the suitable best period that sprays antistaling agent, is provided with two kinds and sprays scheme: (1) sprays 1: 30 fruit wax dilution after adopting; (2) preharvest spraying 1: 30 fruit wax dilution, and with do not spray fresh-keeping liquid and contrast.Carry out simulate test.

As shown in Table 3, preharvest spraying fruit wax is processed on (B2) fresh idea openness, fresh idea and blade freshness after unpacking and the slotting index of aging of bottle all more excellent, with adopt after to spray fruit wax (B1) difference not remarkable, be significantly better than contrast.Show as the rear fresh idea openness of unpacking relatively little, can maintain 3.0 grades, fresh idea and blade freshness are high, and a slotting life-span of bottle reaches 8.7 days.Yet contrast discovery, B2 is significantly greater than the flower diameter value (65.3mm) of B1 on maximum flower diameter, and has been issued to significance level in 0.05 level, and difference is not remarkable compared with the control, more than all can opening into 70mm.

Table 3 fruit wax is processed difference and is sprayed the time to the impact of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium fresh-keeping effect (n=20)

By Fig. 4 A, learnt, it is remarkable that different time sprays the variable effect of fresh idea openness when really wax is slotting for its bottle.From the bottle phase of inserting, start to insert end-of-life to bottle, the openness of the processing (B2) of preharvest spraying fruit wax changed the slowest at first 5 days, and after the 5th day, speed is accelerated, and in the time of the 9th day, reaches 10.3 grades of maximum openness; The processing spraying after adopting (B1) fresh idea openness is also slower at first 5 days, but can not be fully open in the later stage, and in the time of the 9th day, reaching maximum openness is 9.3 grades; The flowering of contrast is the fastest, and bottle to insert the life-span the shortest, in the time of the 7th day over 10 grades.

By Fig. 4 B, found, in the time of the 5th day, the fresh idea of contrast is obviously greater than other two processing, sprays the fresh idea openness of fruit wax without significant difference before wherein adopting and after adopting; In the time of the 7th day, the fresh idea that control treatment and preharvest spraying fruit wax are processed is larger, in conjunction with Fig. 4 A, finds, the fresh idea that contrast and preharvest spraying are processed is all open into more than 10 grades, and the flower diameter that sprays fruit wax after adopting is relatively little, can not opens and reach or over 10 grades.

Different fruit wax antistaling agents sprays the time for blade fresh-keeping effect also different (table 4).In the time of the 5th day, the effect of two kinds of Preservation Treatment is suitable, and blade is all bud green and upright; From the 5th day, the blade fresh-keeping effect of B2 (preharvest spraying fruit wax) was obviously better than B1 (spraying fruit wax after adopting).In the time of the 7th day, B2 blade is hard and without yellow wilting phenomenon, scoring is 4.0 minutes, and certain wilting phenomenon has all appearred in B1, and scoring is 3.5 minutes; In the time of the 9th day, there is serious aetiolation in control treatment, and scoring is 1.5 minutes, and the blade of B1 is wilted more serious, and scoring is 2.3 minutes, and the scoring of the blade of B2 is 2.8 minutes, and fresh-keeping effect is obviously better than other processing.

Table 4 fruit wax is processed difference and is sprayed the time to blade freshness evaluation (n=20)

In sum, after adopting, spray fruit wax and process the speed that (B1) can delay flowering, but this effect is too strong, to such an extent as to fresh idea cannot open and reach or surpass 10 grades, fresh idea is relatively little, and ornamental value is relatively low, it is 8.5 days that bottle is inserted the life-span, and blade fresh-keeping effect is relatively poor; And preharvest spraying fruit wax is processed (B2), compare the processing that does not spray antistaling agent, its flowering speed has obvious sluggish trend, and can open fully in the later stage, major part reaches 11 grades, and flower diameter is larger, and ornamental value is relatively high, the slotting life-span of bottle reaches 8.7 days, and blade fresh-keeping effect is better.Therefore before gathering, be the best period that sprays antistaling agent, be conducive to the preservation after adopting, be likely because the Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium before adopting is still carrying out vital movement, now spray antistaling agent, be conducive to it on the one hand and better absorb, also avoided antistaling agent effect strongly it to be damaged on the one hand in addition.

The composite test of example 3 different antistaling agents

The result of study in laboratory early stage is found in long distance transportation, to adopt pretreatment fluid can reach good fresh-keeping effect, yet still has the problems such as the too fast and blade fresh-keeping effect of fresh idea breakaway speed is not obvious.Therefore consider the effect in conjunction with preharvest spraying antistaling agent, and the TDZ concentration in pretreatment fluid has been carried out to optimization again, and to take the pretreatment fluid obtaining early stage be contrast (in Table 5).Basic pretreatment fluid formula (M) wherein: 200mg/L-18-oxyquinoline (8-HQ)+200mg/L citric acid (CA)+2ml/L song draws logical (Triton X-100)+100mg/L ascorbic acid (VC)+sucrose (10g/L).

Antistaling agent composition and concentration in the different antistaling agent combinations of table 5

From Fig. 5 A, at bottle, to insert and start first 7 days, the flower diameter that C2 processes changes the slowest, and the flower diameter growth trend that pretreatment fluid is processed is the fastest, and the flower diameter of C1 and C3 changes placed in the middle; In the time of the 7th day, the flower that pretreatment fluid is processed reaches its flower diameter maximum (69.5mm), and other are processed fresh idea and keep growth trend; In the time of the 9th day, C1 and C3 all reach maximum flower diameter value, are respectively 75.4mm and 78.7mm, and C2 now still keeps open trend; In the time of the 11st day, C2 flower diameter reaches 78.2mm, starts afterwards to wilt.From Fig. 5 B, in the 3rd day, 5 days, 9 days, fresh idea opening status is visible, and flower diameter and the openness of C2 are all less, and in the time of the 9th day, the petal of other processing starts there is sagging trend, and C2 just reaches 10 grades, and it is best that fresh idea ornamental value keeps.

As shown in Figure 6, different disposal for Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium fresh idea openness to affect difference obvious.Breakaway speed is from slow to fast C2, C1, C3, pretreatment fluid processing, the breakaway speed of C2 slows down comparatively obvious, the breakaway speed that pretreatment fluid is processed is very fast, and other process placed in the middle, and the Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium under all processing is all opened and met or exceeded 10 grades fully in the later stage.

As shown in Table 6, the number of days that under different Preservation Treatment, Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium maintains in different flowering grade is difference to some extent also.Wherein, in 2-5 level and these two stages of 9-11 level, all processing difference is not obvious, is 2 days, illustrates that prepatent period breakaway speed is suitable, and to the later stage can be fully open.And be the most obvious stage of difference between processing in 5-9 level, C2 can maintain maximum duration and reach 7 days, is significantly better than C1 (6 days), C2 (6 days) and pretreatment fluid and processes (5 days).The slotting life-span of bottle reaches 11.2 days, is significantly better than C1 (9.8 days), C3 (9.5 days) and pretreatment fluid and processes (9.0 days).It is that C2 > C1 > C3 > pretreatment fluid is processed from long to short that bottle is inserted the life-span.

The different Preservation Treatment of table 6 reach the impact (n=20) of the required number of days of different flowering grade on Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium

Note: gather in 2 grades, 2 to 5 grades is that flower does not have complete open season; 5 to 9 grades is the optimal period that Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium is viewed and admired; 9 to 11 is open excessive phases.More than 80% Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium of statistics reaches the respective bins time used.

Different antistaling agents process for blade fresh-keeping effect also different (table 7, Fig. 7).In the time of the 5th day, it is all better that each processes blade fresh-keeping effect, and scoring is more than 4 minutes; In the time of the 7th day, the effect of C1-C3 Preservation Treatment is suitable, and blade edge is and hard, and phenomenon appears partly wilting in the blade that pretreatment fluid is processed, and scoring is 3.6 minutes; In the time of the 9th day, C2 is hard and fresh-keeping effect is better, and scoring is 3.8 minutes, and the blade middle and lower part blade of C1 and C3 starts to occur yellow or wilting, is respectively 2.9 minutes and 2.7 minutes, and the middle and lower part blade yellow of pretreatment fluid or wilting are relatively serious, and scoring is 2.0 minutes; In the time of the 11st day, there is yellow wilting phenomenon in C2 blade middle and lower part blade, and scoring is 2.4 minutes, and serious yellow and wilting phenomenon appear respectively in C1 and C3, and scoring was lower than 2 minutes.The blade fresh-keeping effect that C2 processes is significantly better than other processing.

The different Preservation Treatment Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium of table 7 blade freshness is evaluated (n=20)

In sum, optimum fresh-keeping treating method is preharvest spraying fruit wax (1: 30) solution, and in conjunction with carrying out pretreatment fluid processing [8-HQ (200mg/L)+citric acid (200mg/L)+Qu Latong (2ml/L)+ascorbic acid (VC) (100mg/L)+sucrose (10g/L)+TDZ (0.1mg/L)] after adopting.Can make the slotting life-span of the average bottle of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower reach 11.2 days, in 5-9 level the best stage of viewing and admiring, maintain 7 days, flowering speed is slower in early stage, and the later stage can be fully open, surpasses 10 grades, and blade fresh-keeping effect is obvious.

Example 4 actual shipment tests

Actual shipment is tested on August 20th, 2013 and is carried out in Beijing, Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium export base of Beijing maximum gardening company of Shuan Hui Xinhua, and ' excellent perfume (or spice) ' 4 case, is transported to Japan from Beijing to have processed white Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium kind.Wherein: (1) C2 is that pretreatment fluid is in conjunction with spraying the fruit wax aqueous solution (1: 30) co-treatment after adopting; (2) B2 is the preharvest spraying fruit wax aqueous solution (1: 30); (3) pretreatment fluid is processed; (4) do not make any Preservation Treatment, in contrast.

All Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifoliums are cut into otch after adopting in water, and stem stalk retains 70 centimeter length, adopt that rear normal temperature arranges classification 2 hours, normal temperature wrapping 1 hour, precooling absorbed pretreatment fluid in 6 hours at 2 ℃,, after adopting, in 12 hours, complete.Transportation after 2 hours packings, transports by sea through 14 days from Beijing to Tokyo.

As shown in Table 8, C2 Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium meets results standard completely, and fresh-keeping effect is more remarkable, fresh idea aperture is minimum, maintains 2.5 grades, and blade is emerald green, and stiffening, fresh idea freshness and the scoring of blade freshness are 4.9 minutes, illustrate that its fresh idea and blade fresh-keeping effect are best, and viewing period can arrive 11.1 days, the remarkable increase of processing than alone pretreatment fluid 2 days, than the processing of not using antistaling agent, significantly improve more than 5 days, by single of purchasing price, increased 20%-50%, reached 1.8 yuan (Fig. 8 A).The Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium that B2 processes meets the standard of receiving after unpacking, and fresh idea aperture is relatively little, is 3.1 grades, and fresh idea fresh-keeping effect is processed not as pretreatment fluid, and it is bud green that blade keeps, and scoring is 4.6 minutes, and being purchased unit price is 1.5 yuan/(Fig. 8 B).The unpacking rear fresh idea aperture of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium that pretreatment fluid is processed is less, is 3.4 grades, and fresh idea fresh-keeping effect is excellent, and the fresh-keeping effect of blade, not as B2, has occurred the wilting phenomenon of small part, and scoring is 4.2 minutes, by purchasing price, is 1.5 yuan/(Fig. 8 C); There is a large amount of wilting yellows in the blade of half spray of control treatment, the inferior quality of unpacking, and unit price of procurement is minimum, is 1.2 yuan.(Fig. 8 D).

Table 8 actual shipment is tested different Preservation Treatment Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium qualities and procurement price contrast table

In conjunction with the result after laboratory test and actual shipment, draw, use the remote comprehensive preservation processing method of Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium of developing can after long distance transportation, reach best unpacking quality, improve buying quality and the unit price of gathering, remarkable in economical benefits increases.And when delaying flowering speed during bottle is inserted, guarantee that flower is fully open, keep the freshness of fresh idea and blade, extend bottle and insert life-span 3-5 days.

Claims (10)

1. a cut-flower long distance transportation fresh-keeping treating method, sprays the really step of wax to described cut-flower before described method is included in and transports; Preferably, described cut-flower is Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower.

2. spraying fruit wax described in the method for claim 1, wherein adopts before cutting and carries out at described cut-flower.

3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, it is 1: 10 to 1: 100 that described fruit wax be take the volume ratio of fruit wax and water, is preferably 1: 20 to 1: 50, the solution that most preferably is 1: 30 sprays.

4. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, described method is also included in cut-flower and adopts the step that pretreatment fluid that rear use contains Thidiazuron inserts processing.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the concentration of the Thidiazuron in described pretreatment fluid is 0.01mg/L to 0.5mg/L, is preferably 0.05mg/L to 0.1mg/L, most preferably is 0.1mg/L.

6. the method as described in claim 4 or 5, wherein, described pretreatment fluid also comprises at least one that select group that free oxine, citric acid and ascorbic acid form;

Preferably:

The content of described oxine is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L;

The content of described citric acid is 10mg/L to 1000mg/L; And/or

The content of described ascorbic acid is 5 to 500mg/L.

7. the method as described in any one in claim 4 to 6, wherein, described pretreatment fluid further comprises freely at least one of group of sugar and Qu Latong composition of choosing;

Preferably:

The content of described sugar is 1g/L to 100g/L; And/or

The content of described Qu Latong is 0.1ml/L to 10ml/L.

8. the method as described in any one in claim 4 to 7, wherein, described method comprises: in described cut-flower is inserted into described pretreatment fluid, carry out precooling treatment;

Preferably, the temperature of described precooling treatment is 2 ℃ to 6 ℃;

More preferably, the time of described precooling treatment is 6 hours to 12 hours.

9. a kit of processing for cutflower preservation, wherein, described kit comprises:

1) Thidiazuron; With

2) select at least one in the group that free oxine, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sugar, Qu Latong and fruit wax forms.

10. the application of kit claimed in claim 9 in cutflower preservation is processed; Preferably, described cut-flower is Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium cut-flower.