CN113383770B - Fresh-keeping method for fresh rose flowers - Google Patents
Fresh-keeping method for fresh rose flowers Download PDFInfo
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- CN113383770B CN113383770B CN202110820150.7A CN202110820150A CN113383770B CN 113383770 B CN113383770 B CN 113383770B CN 202110820150 A CN202110820150 A CN 202110820150A CN 113383770 B CN113383770 B CN 113383770B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of fresh flower preservation, and particularly discloses a fresh rose flower preservation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, picking: picking half-opened fresh rose flowers in a wine cup shape after sunrise; s2, precooling: timely delivering the picked fresh rose flowers into a workshop at 0-4 ℃, and spreading for precooling for 1-2 hours; s3, quick freezing: putting the precooled roses into a paper box, and freezing for 15-20 h at the temperature of-25 to-20 ℃; s4, refrigerating: and (3) refrigerating the quick-frozen rose at 0-4 ℃, and wrapping the fresh-keeping agent on the roots of fresh rose flowers. This application has the fresh-keeping time's of promotion rose advantage.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fresh flower preservation, in particular to a fresh flower rose preservation method.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, people are not only satisfied with physical life, but more people are pursuing spiritual enjoyment. Flowers are becoming indispensable ornaments for beautifying environment due to beautiful color and luster and fragrant smell, and are being popular with more and more people. Wherein the rose is deciduous shrub of Rosaceae of Rosales, native to North China, Japan and Korea, and has an important position in the market of fresh flower commodity.
However, most flowers will be aged and withered quickly after being harvested, the roses can be delivered to the hands of consumers after being harvested for a long time, and in order to shorten the transportation time of the roses, manufacturers often adopt expensive transportation modes such as air transportation, which undoubtedly increases the sales cost for the sales of the roses. Therefore, many researchers hope to develop a fresh-keeping method of rose flowers to prolong the life of the flowers and improve the ornamental value.
At present, there are various methods for keeping flowers fresh, such as physical methods of low-temperature storage, modified atmosphere storage, reduced pressure storage, etc. If the fresh-keeping agent for fresh flower preservation by a chemical method is adopted, the fresh-keeping agent comprises the following components: chemical coating film-coating agent, ethylene treating agent (absorbent), and sterilizing and antiseptic antistaling agent in culture solution. However, the method has a limited preservation time for roses, which is about 20 days. At present, a treatment method combining a physical method and a chemical method is not seen, so that the fresh-keeping effect of the roses has a further increased space.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to prolong the fresh-keeping time of roses, the application provides a fresh-keeping method of fresh roses.
The application provides a fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers comprises the following steps:
s1, picking: picking half-opened fresh rose flowers in a wine cup shape after sunrise;
s2, precooling: timely delivering the picked fresh rose flowers into a workshop at 0-4 ℃, and spreading for precooling for 1-2 hours;
s3, quick freezing: putting the precooled roses into a paper box, and freezing for 15-20 h at the temperature of-25 to-20 ℃;
s4, refrigerating: and (3) refrigerating the quick-frozen rose at 0-4 ℃, and wrapping the fresh-keeping agent on the roots of fresh rose flowers.
By adopting the technical scheme, the picked fresh rose flowers are spread for cooling and precooling, so that the water content of the fresh rose flowers can be reduced, the occurrence of flower covering phenomenon is favorably avoided, and the possibility of frostbite of the fresh rose flowers in the subsequent quick-freezing process is reduced; meanwhile, after spreading for cooling and precooling, the roots of the fresh rose flowers are coated with the preservative. After precooling, the fresh rose flowers are quickly frozen and refrigerated, so that the fresh rose flowers are in a dormant state, the physiological activity of cells is delayed, and meanwhile, the aim of prolonging the fresh-keeping time of the fresh rose flowers is fulfilled by combining the preservative.
Preferably, the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of a nutritional agent, 2-8 parts of an antioxidant, 3-5 parts of a bactericide, 1-2 parts of a surfactant, 8-10 parts of a plant growth regulator, 12-16 parts of a metal ion soluble inorganic salt and 2-3 parts of propolis; 1-2 parts of honey.
Preferably, the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of nutrient, 5 parts of antioxidant, 4 parts of bactericide, 2 parts of surfactant, 9 parts of plant growth regulator, 14 parts of metal ion soluble inorganic salt and 2 parts of propolis; 1 part of honey.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nutrient can be used as a nutrient source required by the flowering of the fresh cut flowers, promotes the elongation of petals, improves the moisture balance of the fresh cut flowers and keeps the flower colors bright. The antioxidant has antioxidant and growth promoting effects, can effectively inhibit growth of microorganism, is beneficial for flower stem to absorb water, and can also eliminate excessive active oxygen in cells, prevent membrane lipid peroxidation, and delay flower leaf aging. The bactericide mainly plays roles of sterilizing, preserving, inhibiting germ infection and preventing the blockage of the conduit in the cut flower preservation. The surfactant promotes the flowers to absorb water, and the surfactant is compounded with other medicaments, so that the effects of other medicaments can be enhanced through emulsification, dispersion and solubilization, and the use efficiency is improved. The plant growth regulator achieves the purpose of delaying senescence by regulating the balance between hormones. The metal ion soluble inorganic salt can achieve the effects of inhibiting bacteria or increasing the osmotic concentration of petal cells to promote water balance. The propolis and honey contain various trace elements, and can prolong the fresh-keeping time of fresh rose flowers.
Preferably, the nutrient includes at least one of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and chitosan.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cane sugar, the glucose, the fructose and the chitosan supplement nutrient substances required by life synthetic energy for the fresh rose flowers, the cane sugar has certain effects of keeping osmotic pressure and air holes closed, protecting mitochondrial structures and maintaining the integrity of membranes, and meanwhile, the chitosan can also play a certain antibacterial effect.
Preferably, the antioxidant comprises at least one of vitamin C, salicylic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and caffeic acid.
By adopting the technical scheme, the organic acid in the preservative can reduce the pH value of the aqueous solution, promote the water absorption and balance of the flower stem and reduce the blockage of the flower stem.
Preferably, the bactericide comprises any one of potassium permanganate, sodium bisulfite, boric acid, aspirin, antibiotics, maleic acid, a-succinic acid, alcohol, potassium manganate, 8-hydroxyquinoline, n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and thiabendazole. Preferably any one of aspirin, alcohol and thiabendazole.
By adopting the technical scheme, the water absorption capacity of the flowering branch can be enhanced, and the transpiration effect is reduced.
Preferably, the surfactant comprises any one of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, tween-20, neutral washing powder and fulvic acid.
By adopting the technical scheme, the surfactant can promote the fresh rose to absorb the preservative, and simultaneously promote the synergistic effect among all the components of the preservative, so that all the components can be fully absorbed by the fresh rose and can play a role.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator includes cytokinin, gibberellin and compound sodium nitrophenolate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the plant growth regulator can not only delay the senescence of the rose flowers, but also enhance the self anti-fungal, bacterial and virus disease capabilities of the rose flowers, thereby playing a synergistic role with the bactericide and prolonging the fresh-keeping time of the rose flowers.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the cytokinin to the gibberellin to the compound sodium nitrophenolate is (1-5): 1: (45-50).
By adopting the technical scheme and the proportion, the fresh-keeping time of the fresh rose flowers can be obviously prolonged, and the ornamental quality is improved.
Preferably, the metal ion-soluble inorganic salt is any one of potassium chloride, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and aluminum chloride.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, above-mentioned metal ion soluble inorganic salt can keep the rose flower moisture balance, increases the fresh weight of rose flower to increase the tension of petal, kept the posture of rose flower, prolonged the fresh-keeping time of rose flower.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the fresh rose flower is in a dormant state by adopting quick freezing and refrigerating modes, the physiological activity of cells is delayed, and the purpose of prolonging the fresh-keeping time of the fresh rose flower is achieved by combining the effect of the fresh-keeping agent.
2. The preservative prepared by adopting specific components and proportion can prolong the bioactivity of the fresh rose in the cold storage process, thereby prolonging the preservation time of the fresh rose.
3. By adopting the cytokinin, the gibberellin and the compound sodium nitrophenolate in a specific ratio, sufficient growth hormone can be provided for rose preservation, and meanwhile, the absorption of fresh rose flowers to other components of the preservative can be promoted, so that the using effect of the preservative is improved, and the preservation time is further prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method provided herein.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
All the raw materials used in the present application are commercially available.
Preparation examples of raw materials
Preparation example 1
Preparing the preservative, wherein the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of cane sugar, 2 parts of vitamin C, 3 parts of alcohol, 1 part of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, 8 parts of plant growth regulator, 12 parts of potassium chloride and 2 parts of propolis; 1 part of honey; the plant growth regulator comprises cytokinin, gibberellin and compound sodium nitrophenolate, and the weight ratio of the cytokinin to the gibberellin to the compound sodium nitrophenolate is 1: 1: 45.
preparation example 2
Preparing the preservative, wherein the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of fructose, 8 parts of salicylic acid, 5 parts of aspirin, 2 parts of neutral washing powder, 10 parts of plant growth regulator, 16 parts of aluminum chloride and 3 parts of propolis; 2 parts of honey; the plant growth regulator comprises cytokinin, gibberellin and compound sodium nitrophenolate, and the weight ratio of the cytokinin to the gibberellin to the compound sodium nitrophenolate is 3: 1: 47.
preparation example 3
Preparing the preservative, wherein the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of thiabendazole, 2 parts of fulvic acid, 9 parts of plant growth regulator, 14 parts of calcium nitrate and 2 parts of propolis; 1 part of honey; the plant growth regulator comprises cytokinin, gibberellin and compound sodium nitrophenolate, and the weight ratio of the cytokinin to the gibberellin to the compound sodium nitrophenolate is 5: 1: 50.
comparative preparation example 1
The difference between the comparative preparation example 1 and the preparation example 3 is that the plant growth regulator is only sodium nitrate.
Comparative preparation example 2
This comparative preparation example 2 differs from preparation example 3 in that the weight ratio of cytokinin, gibberellin, and compound sodium nitrophenolate is 6: 2: 40.
comparative preparation example 3
This comparative preparation example 3 is different from the preparation example 3 in that propolis and honey are not added.
Comparative preparation example 4
Preparing the preservative, wherein the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of salicylic acid and 9 parts of gibberellin.
Examples
Example 1
A fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers comprises the following steps:
s1, picking: picking half-opened fresh rose flowers in a wine cup shape after sunrise, adding citric acid into warm water at 31-33 ℃ in a workshop to adjust the pH value to 3.0-3.5, then adding the preservative prepared in preparation example 1, and putting the picked fresh rose flowers into the warm water to absorb water for 2-3 hours;
s2, precooling: timely feeding the fresh rose flowers subjected to water absorption picking in the step S1 into a workshop at 0 ℃, and spreading for precooling for 1-2 hours; s3, quick freezing: putting the precooled rose into a paper box, and freezing for 15h at the temperature of-25 ℃;
s4, refrigerating: the quick-frozen rose is refrigerated at 0 ℃, and the roots of fresh rose flowers are wrapped with the water-absorbing sponge soaked in the preservative prepared in the preparation example 1.
Example 2
A fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers comprises the following steps:
s1, picking: picking half-opened fresh rose flowers in a wine cup shape after sunrise, adding citric acid into warm water at 31-33 ℃ in a workshop to adjust the pH value to 3.0-3.5, then adding the preservative prepared in preparation example 2, and putting the picked fresh rose flowers into the warm water to absorb water for 2-3 hours;
s2, precooling: timely feeding the fresh rose flowers subjected to water absorption picking in the step S1 into a workshop at the temperature of 2 ℃, and spreading for precooling for 1-2 hours; s3, quick freezing: putting the precooled rose into a paper box, and freezing for 17h at the temperature of-22 ℃;
s4, refrigerating: and (3) refrigerating the quick-frozen rose at 2 ℃, and wrapping the roots of the fresh rose flowers with the water-absorbing sponge soaked in the preservative prepared in the preparation example 2.
Example 3
A fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers comprises the following steps:
s1, picking: picking half-opened fresh rose flowers in a wine cup shape after sunrise, adding citric acid into warm water at 31-33 ℃ in a workshop to adjust the pH value to 3.0-3.5, then adding the preservative prepared in preparation example 3, and putting the picked fresh rose flowers into the warm water to absorb water for 2-3 hours;
s2, precooling: timely feeding the fresh rose flowers subjected to water absorption picking in the step S1 into a workshop at 4 ℃, and spreading for precooling for 1-2 hours; s3, quick freezing: putting the precooled rose into a paper box, and freezing for 20 hours at the temperature of minus 20 ℃;
s4, refrigerating: and (3) refrigerating the quick-frozen rose at 4 ℃, and wrapping the roots of the fresh rose flowers with the water-absorbing sponge soaked in the preservative prepared in the preparation example 3.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The comparative example 1 is different from example 3 in that the antistaling agent prepared in the comparative preparation example 1 is used.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example 2 is different from the example 3 in that the antistaling agent prepared in the comparative preparation example 2 is used.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example 3 is different from example 3 in that the antistaling agent prepared in the comparative preparation example 3 is used.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example 4 is different from example 3 in that the antistaling agent prepared in the comparative preparation example 4 is used.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 differs from example 3 in that no preservative was added.
Performance test
Observing the morphological change of the cut flowers of the China rose every day, taking 50 percent of petals as the life termination days of the fresh rose flowers, namely dehydration withering, natural bending of flower stems, occurrence of flower pistils or 'dead flowers' (the petals are always tightly held but not opened), and counting and calculating the average life value of each treated fresh rose flower.
The rate of change of the flower stem of the rose flower was measured periodically by caliper, 3 replicates were taken and the mean value was taken.
Fresh weight change rate of flowering branch: the fresh weight of the rose flowers at the beginning of the treatment is weighed, and the ratio of the fresh weight of the flowering branch to the initial fresh weight is measured periodically, namely the change rate of the fresh weight of the flowering branch.
TABLE 1 test results of examples and comparative examples
By combining the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5 and combining the table 1, the fresh-keeping method can obviously improve the fresh-keeping time of the fresh rose flowers. And the fresh-keeping agent of this application can obviously delay the opening speed of rose flower and promote the flower diameter opening degree, reduces the fresh weight loss speed and the final loss of rose flower simultaneously to promote the fresh-keeping time of rose flower in the great degree.
As can be seen by combining examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 with Table 1, the weight ratio of cytokinin, gibberellin and compound sodium nitrophenolate was 5: 1: when 50 days, the fresh-keeping time of the fresh rose flowers is longer. The reason for this is probably that the adoption of the cytokinin, the gibberellin and the compound sodium nitrophenolate in a specific proportion can provide enough growth hormone for the rose preservation, and simultaneously can promote the absorption of the rose flowers to other components of the preservative, so that the use effect of the preservative is improved, and the preservation time is further prolonged.
As can be seen by combining examples 1-3 and comparative example 3 with Table 1, the weight ratio of cytokinin, gibberellin and compound sodium nitrophenolate was 5: 1: when 50 days, the fresh-keeping time of the fresh rose flowers is longer.
As can be seen by combining examples 1-3 and comparative example 4 with Table 1, the various trace elements in propolis and honey can prolong the fresh-keeping time of fresh rose flowers.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The fresh-keeping method of the fresh rose flowers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, picking: picking half-opened fresh rose flowers in a wine cup shape after sunrise;
s2, precooling: timely feeding the picked fresh rose flowers into a workshop at 0-4 ℃, spreading for precooling for 1-2 hours, and wrapping the roots of the fresh rose flowers with a preservative;
s3, quick freezing: putting the precooled roses into a paper box, and freezing for 15-20 h at the temperature of-25 to-20 ℃;
s4, refrigerating: refrigerating the quick-frozen rose at 0-4 ℃, and wrapping a preservative on the roots of fresh rose flowers;
the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of a nutritional agent, 2-8 parts of an antioxidant, 3-5 parts of a bactericide, 1-2 parts of a surfactant, 8-10 parts of a plant growth regulator, 12-16 parts of a metal ion soluble inorganic salt and 2-3 parts of propolis; 1-2 parts of honey; the plant growth regulator comprises cytokinin, gibberellin and compound sodium nitrophenolate, and the weight ratio of the cytokinin to the gibberellin to the compound sodium nitrophenolate is (1-5): 1: (45-50).
2. The fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of nutrient, 5 parts of antioxidant, 4 parts of bactericide, 2 parts of surfactant, 9 parts of plant growth regulator, 14 parts of metal ion soluble inorganic salt and 2 parts of propolis; 1 part of honey.
3. The fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nutritional agent includes at least one of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and chitosan.
4. The fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the antioxidant comprises at least one of vitamin C, salicylic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and caffeic acid.
5. The fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bactericide comprises any one of potassium permanganate, sodium bisulfite, boric acid, aspirin, antibiotics, maleic acid, a-succinic acid, alcohol, potassium manganate, 8-hydroxyquinoline, n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and thiabendazole.
6. The fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surfactant comprises any one of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, tween-20, neutral washing powder and fulvic acid.
7. The fresh-keeping method of fresh rose flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal ion soluble inorganic salt is any one of potassium chloride, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and aluminum chloride.
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| CN114158671B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-09-15 | 云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Fresh-keeping method for edible rose petals |
| CN114271266A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-05 | 江西智汇中药材种植有限公司 | Vacuum rapid freezing storage and preservation method for fresh gardenia |
| CN114711226A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-08 | 河北德沃多肥料有限公司 | Flower preservative for plants and preparation method thereof |
| CN116762803B (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-03 | 广州巴宝莉化妆品有限公司 | Freezing and fresh-keeping method for fresh flowers |
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