CN1039178C - Cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm selection and breeding technique - Google Patents
Cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm selection and breeding technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN1039178C CN1039178C CN94101518A CN94101518A CN1039178C CN 1039178 C CN1039178 C CN 1039178C CN 94101518 A CN94101518 A CN 94101518A CN 94101518 A CN94101518 A CN 94101518A CN 1039178 C CN1039178 C CN 1039178C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a selection and breeding method of apetalous germ plasm of cabbage type rape. In the method, small-petal cabbage type rape of which the petal length is less than 9mm and the petal width is less than 3mm is taken as a female parent, Chinese-cabbage type rape of which the number of petals by variation is 0 to 4 is taken as a male parent, and then interspecific crossing is performed between the female parent and the male parent. From the second generation of hybrid species, mutants that are more similar to the female parent are selected out, and from the third generation, inbred and intercrossing are alternately utilized till homozygous apetalous germ plasm of cabbage type rape is bred. As is shown by tests, the light receiving quantity of the leaf layers in the middle part and the lower part of the apetalous germ plasm increases by 30%, the disease incidence of population sclerotinios reduces by 80%, and compared with the conventional species, the yield of the apetalous species which are bred from the apetalous germ plasm increases by 15 to 20%.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of selection that does not have the petal rape, belong to the crop breeding technical field.
About bibliographical information, find that the rape petalless variation is mainly from two technological approaches according to both at home and abroad.(1) from natural population, selects: India Singh, D (1961) finds no petal variation from the inferior rape of brown sand (B.campestris var.brown sarson), be recessive inheritance, but be attended by stamen decreased number phenomenon, research is interrupted (seeing Singh already, D.1961, Heredity change in thenumber of petalsin brown sarson, Indlan Ollseeds Journal 5 (3): 190-193).Australia BuZZa, G (1983) draws from the Kano to select (Canola) rape and obtains a kind of mutant strain that does not almost have petal, purifying and raising stage that present this research still is in germplasm (are seen .Buzza, Gregory, 1983 The inherltance of anapetalous character In Canola (Brassica napus L.), The4th Australian Rapeseed Aqronomists and BreedersResearch Workship.pp:15-16).(2) select from the interspecific cross offspring: Chen Bao-yuan (1989) is cabbage type rape (Resynthesized B.napas L.) the strain intermolecular hybrid with synthetic in Sweden, at F
2It is individual that indivedual no petal variations appear in the initial bloom stage in generation, petal appears again in later stage of blooming, can't study its genetic behavior and (see Chen Bao-yuan, 1989, Resynthes zedBrassica napus L., apotcntial in breeding and research (doctoral thesis) .Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, The SwedishUniversity of Agricuitural Sciences Sweden).Cai Ming etc. (1991) have reported in the reciprocal hybrid of cabbage type rape and brassicacarinata, find no petal variation phenomenon, but because of the material of responsive to temperature still being failed obtain isozygotying (is seen Cai Ming etc. 1991, cabbage type rape and brassicacarinata interspecific cross do not have the petal The Characters, Chinese oil plant (1): 86～87).
Above-mentioned researcher chances on no petal variation phenomenon in the research of oneself, do not propose clear and definite research purpose and the technical scheme of dealing with problems.Therefore, not cultivating as yet so far can be for the rape petalless new germ plasm of Breeding Application.Here it is and the place of gap of the present invention.
Studies show that since the eighties, the existence of petal is very outstanding to the adverse effect of rape growth and output formation.One, petal do not contain chlorophyll, belong to non-photosynthetic organ, are in colony's canopy, and the invalid absorption of incident light and reflection are accounted for 60% of total radiation, have a strong impact on the photosynthesis of leaf layer; Petal self forms expansion and also consumes a large amount of dry matteies, eliminated organic energy that petal can be saved 20-30%, is to increase substantially yield of rape potentiality place.Its two, petal is an important media of propagating sclerotinia rot of colza, general bacterial bearing rate reaches 92.7%.Sclerotinia rot of colza is the No.1 disease that China's rape is produced, and can cause underproduction 20-80%.So far do not filter out anti-source both at home and abroad as yet, breeding for disease resistance can't be carried out.Universally acknowledged, cultivate no petal rape variety and be and solve the effective way of this disease.
In view of the problem of above-mentioned proposition, the objective of the invention is to cultivate the cabbage type rape petalless new germ plasm, the rape petalless breeding plan is achieved.The no petal proterties of the petalless germ plasm that requirement is bred can genetic stability.Flowering stage, the rate that the depletes ratio of land for growing field crops colony canopy had the petal kind to descend 50%; Reduce the stalk break incidence of disease and reach 80%.
The seed selection step of cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm of the present invention is:
Adopt petal length less than 9mm, width less than the cabbage type rape of 3mm for maternal, the variation of petal number be 0～4 piece turnip type rape be male parent, plant between sexual hybridization.From the second filial generation complex separations, emphasis select the to incline no petal mutant of maternal cabbage type rape, and centering menu strain selfing is reserved seed for planting.The strain of the third generation to the six generations centering menu is adopted selfing and is not had between the petal individuality and hand over mutually, breeds the cabbage type rape petalless mutant of homozygosity height, genetic stability.Cabbage type rape petalless mutant to above-mentioned inheritance stability carries out form, physiology, ecology and disease resistance mensuration and evaluation and genetic stability test then, selects cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm.Utilizing above-mentioned cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm is parent and the hybridization of other cabbage type rape variety, through the selfing of 5～6 generations, friendship mutually, cultivates the cabbage type rape petalless new varieties.
(1) according to cabbage type rape and turnip type rape interspecific cross, the basic principle that offspring's dissociation is extremely abundant, (petal length is less than 9mm with the small-flowered cabbage type rape variety for the present invention's employing, width is less than 3mm, contain no petal gene) for maternal, turnip type rape kind (containing no petal gene) with petal number variation big (petal is 0-4 piece and promptly lacks lobe) is the optimum hybrid combination of male parent, beginning to lay particular emphasis on the individuality that variation is appearred in the petal number in 2 generations of hybrid selects, and be main object with 0～2 lobe individuality of the maternal form form of inclining, from the hybrid extremely later generation in 3 generations, the alternate application selfing, mutual friendship between the no petal individuality is until breeding the stable cabbage type rape petalless new germ plasm that isozygotys.
(2) adopt petalless germ plasm that the present invention () cultivates to hybridize in the second generation of hybrid is separable and go out not have the petal individuality for parent and normal pintongs rape variety, through continuous selfing, hand over mutually between no petal individuality, no petal proterties can be transferred to other kind, cultivate no petal new rape variety.
(3) in cultivating no petal new germ plasm technology, also must adopt formal genetic design, distinguish the genetic development of the main proterties of new germ plasm (no petal proterties).Adopt the inbreeding of more generation method of forcing, identify that the anti-selfing degree of new germ plasm is a selfing vitality level, provide theoretical foundation for utilizing new germ plasm in the breeding.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
First, the present invention has disclosed the secret that the big turnip type rape kind of small-flowered cabbage type rape variety and petal number variation all contains recessive no petal gene first, proposing the optimum interspecific cross composite type of manual creation rape petalless germ plasm, is that forefathers do not have to find.
The second, proposed to adopt no petal mutant from giving the fixing no petal proterties of the method that hockets mutually between the mutant.
The 3rd, cultivate successful petalless germ plasm and be with the advantage and the good effect that have the petal kind to compare to have:
(1) low energy consumption: on individual level, through the dry weight method,
14CO
2And
32P tagging trace method, thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) measure petalless germ plasm reduce floral organ build up in petal grow consumed in material, be equivalent to 15.62% of colony's seed production.On population level, through light intensity analysis (CZ-5 type illuminometer) and light quality analysis (the beautiful 100BX type spectrometer that produces) measurement result, petalless germ plasm has been eliminated yellow canopy basically to absorption of incident light and reflection, makes middle and lower part leaf layer light income increase about 30%.Especially so that (600～690nm) significantly increase to the most effective red light of photosynthesis.
(2) high disease-resistant: because petal self bacterial bearing rate up to 92.3%, forms " form is kept away disease " after petal disappears.Stalk break is propagated and is spread controlled.No petal colony descends below 80% than the normal petal colony stalk break incidence of disease.
(3) increase production potentiality significantly: because above-mentioned two advantages, the petalless germ plasm that utilizes the present invention to cultivate carries out the gene transformation, and seed selection does not have the petal kind and estimates comparable conventional variety volume increase 15-20%.The 3rd, the petalless germ plasm that the present invention cultivates has stable genetic development.4 pairs of recessive genes were controlled during the heredity of no petal proterties was examined, and genotype is decided to be (p
1p
1p
2p
2p
3p
3p
4p
4).And obtained repeated authentication in no petal breeding.This is that forefathers do not illustrate.
Fig. 1 cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm selection and breeding programme diagram
Fig. 2 utilizes petalless germ plasm to cultivate the programme diagram of novel no petal rape variety
Fig. 3 petalless germ plasm and normal petal inter breed crossing offspring's hereditary schematic diagram
Narrate embodiments of the invention below:
(1) cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm " No. 1, no petal ".Its female parent is that (petal length and width degree only is 8.1mm and 2.2mm to " SP103 " genus cabbage type rape small-flowered type, and mid-early maturity blossoms and bears fruit normally; Male parent is that " LP153 " belongs to turnip type rape landrace Xinghua rape choosing system, and for lacking the lobe type, the petal number often has variation to be generally 0～4 lobe.Precocity, it is normal to blossom and bear fruit.Through sexual hybridization, in 1 generation of hybrid, be petal.In 2 generations of hybrid, the petal number occurs and separate greatly, and the incline individual selfing of variation of maternal cabbage type rape tool 0～2 petal of emphasis choosing is reserved seed for planting.Hybrid 3 generation in generation to 5 successive selection is blossomed and beared fruit does not have the individual selfing of petal more normally, and adopts the method for handing over mutually between the no petal individuality, impels proterties stable.Through the 7 generation germplasm selfing of the 6th generation to the, breed the cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm that isozygotys.Inheritance and anti-inbreeding depression ability in order to distinguish this germplasm begin to utilize the good strain of homozygosity to carry out formal genetic test in the 6th generation, and select growing way strong from the strain of inbreeding of more generation, and the elite plant strain of anti-inbreeding depression is reserved seed for planting.
The principal character characteristic of " No. 1, no petal " cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm:
1. form: the complete stool flower does not have petal, and gynoecium, stamen, nectary are all grown normally.It is normal to blossom and bear fruit.
2. heredity: stable genetic behavior is arranged.This germplasm does not have the petal proterties and controlled by 4 pairs of recessive genes.With normal petal kind reciprocal cross result: F1 all is normal pintongs; F2 has lobe and no lobe segregation ratio to be 255: 1, is 15: 1 among the B1.It is stable (Fig. 3) that this germplasm is used for its genetic behavior of breeding research repeated authentication.
3. physiology: the Sheng phase points out the volume reflection measurement result in different wavelengths of light district this germplasm and normal pintongs varietal population canopy in blooming: no petal can reduce volume reflection for No. 1 and reach 21.78-67.43% ( table 1 ) , and the light income that adds the middle and lower part photosynthetic layer reaches 29.38-34.38%.11 1991 1992 ( nm ) ±％450-520 5.19 9.16 5.90 9.44 5.54 9.30-40.43520-600 17.12 45.72 11.55 36.76 17.33 41.23-57.97600-690 10.20 37.46 12.61 32.53 11.49 35.00-67.43760-900 120.43 159.12 99.57 122.10 109.99 140.61-21.78
(adopt the beautiful 100BX of producing type spectrophotometer, it is No. 7, peaceful oil that the petal kind is arranged)
4. ecological: habitat, field monitoring result, full-bloom stage overground part 40cm place, no petal colony ratio has petal colony light transmittance increase by 40.61%.It is bigger that the temperature diurnal variation is indicated as day and night temperature, 0.1～2.71 ℃ of the corresponding increase of temperature, and relative moisture reduces by 8.65%, improves the habitat, field widely.
5. disease resistance; Because petal disappears, removed the media of propagating stalk break, constitute " form is kept away disease "; Microhabitat is improved, and causes " the ecological disease that presses down ".Therefore, the field incidence of disease does not have petal colony ratio has petal colony to descend 80.20～94.6%.Select to press qualification result even apply, contain between the blade of spending the no petal strain in back acceptance and invade that rate is corresponding to alleviate 32.0～41.7% in artificial sick garden.
(2) No. 2, no petal (original name 90-4058):
It is female parent that system adopts quality rape " Rong Xuan ", and no petal is for No. 1 a paternal hybrid, through the continuous selfing of 5 generations, hand over seed selection to isozygoty mutually to form.Orchid is wanted feature: 1. gold strain in flowering stage flower does not have petal, and stamen, gynoecium, nectary are all grown normally, and it is normal to blossom and bear fruit.2. leafing is many, leafing is fast, and the nutrition growing way is strong, and the elongation stem section branch property sprouted is strong, and effectively the branch rate improves 10%.3. individual plant is always spent number and effective angle fruit number, improves 37.7% and 13.1% No. 8 than conventional variety China oil respectively.4. have two low-quality, content of erucic acid in the oil＜1%, thioglucose salidroside content in the grouts＜40 micromoles per gram.5. disease resistance is strong, and the stalk break incidence of disease descends 75% No. 8 than the magnificent oil of conventional variety, and disease index descends 61.1%.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of selection of cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm is characterized in that: the seed selection step is as follows:
A, employing petal length are maternal less than 9mm, width less than the cabbage type rape of 3mm, and the variation of petal number is a male parent for 0-4 piece turnip type rape, sexual hybridization between planting;
B, from the second filial generation complex separations, emphasis select the to incline no petal mutant and the centering menu strain selfing of maternal cabbage type rape reserved seed for planting;
C, the strain of the third generation to the six generations centering menu are adopted selfing and are not had between the petal individuality and hand over mutually, breed the cabbage type rape petalless mutant of homozygosity height, genetic stability;
D, then the cabbage type rape petalless mutant of above-mentioned inheritance stability is carried out form, physiology, ecology and disease resistance mensuration and evaluation and genetic stability test, select cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm;
E, utilize above-mentioned cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm to be parent and the hybridization of other cabbage type rape variety, for selfing, hand over mutually, cultivate the cabbage type rape petalless new varieties through 5-6.
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| CN94101518A CN1039178C (en) | 1994-02-21 | 1994-02-21 | Cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm selection and breeding technique |
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| CN94101518A CN1039178C (en) | 1994-02-21 | 1994-02-21 | Cabbage type rape petalless germ plasm selection and breeding technique |
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| CN1039178C true CN1039178C (en) | 1998-07-22 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1089211C (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2002-08-21 | 华中农业大学 | Developing method of self-incompatible tine and homonuclear maintainer line of cabbage-type rape |
| CA2913991C (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2019-08-13 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Sclerotinia-resistant brassica and methods for development of resistance to sclerotinia |
| CN103210839B (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2014-09-24 | 西南大学 | Method for improving sclerotiniose resistance of oilseed rapes |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86108723A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-27 | 陕西省农垦科技教育中心 | Cabbage type rape ternary hybridization and culture technique |
| CN1052589A (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-07-03 | 上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所 | The Wild cabbage type rape kernet malesterile three-line seed technology |
| CN1077082A (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1993-10-13 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | The method of crossbreeding wild cabbage |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86108723A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-27 | 陕西省农垦科技教育中心 | Cabbage type rape ternary hybridization and culture technique |
| CN1052589A (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-07-03 | 上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所 | The Wild cabbage type rape kernet malesterile three-line seed technology |
| CN1077082A (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1993-10-13 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | The method of crossbreeding wild cabbage |
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